Do-it-yourself biological treatment station. Do-it-yourself suburban sewerage. Principles of operation of aeration VOCs

There are several ways to clean the sewerage generated when people live in a private house. Some are cheaper to install, others are easier to operate. But if the most efficient treatment system is required, then option one is an aerobic septic tank, also called an active septic tank or station. biological treatment. Impurities in it are processed by microorganisms by 98–99%. Although it is large, it is quite easy to arrange with your own hands.

The task of any sanitary sewage treatment system is to process them and drain them into the ground. First, the effluents are clarified in the sump, during which large suspensions settle. Then the purified water is drained or used for household needs, and the sediment in the form of sludge is pumped out.

Septic tank with post-treatment of wastewater with aerobes

However, a wide variety of disinfection and filtration elements are often added to this scheme. Getting into the local treatment system (VOC), which is standard in design, sewage flows go through three stages of utilization:

Primary filtration, clarification of water with sedimentation of heavy fractions to the bottom of the tank.
Fermentation with partial decomposition of organic matter.
Drainage into the ground or pumping out with sewage equipment.

In the cesspool, all these processes take place in one container. However, this option is acceptable only for small volumes of wastewater, otherwise, due to overflow with waste, the “cesspool” ceases to fulfill its functions.

Numerous types of typical septic tanks subject waste to partial processing up to 60-70% of the volume. They are assisted by anaerobic bacteria that do not require oxygen. They are present in the same cesspool, providing continuous fermentation and decay of organic waste in it. However, they are “slow”, in order to speed up their work, a bioactivator has to be constantly added to the septic tank.

General scheme of a septic tank with aerobic bacteria

Aerobes are more productive - microorganisms that require constant oxygen supply for life. Therefore, in order to provide them with the necessary oxygen, aerobic septic tanks are supplied with aerators and air compressors.

It is important to know! Only with continuous pumping of air will the septic tank with aerobes function effectively.

Scheme of VOC deep biological treatment

An active septic tank of an aerobic type consists of several chambers:

Settler for lighting.
Tank with aerator (there may be several).
Prefabricated well with cleaned up technical quality water.

For the operation of such a treatment system, not only microorganisms are needed, but also electricity. If bacteria feed on waste, then pumps and compressors need electricity.

Advice! An aerobic septic tank is a volatile installation. If a private house is regularly de-energized due to power outages, it is better to find another cleaning option or take care of an emergency generator.

How bacteria work in an “oxygen” septic tank

Anaerobic bacteria are always present in the VOC primary clarifier. Fermentation of wastewater in it takes place in two stages: acidic and alkaline. The first occurs at the very beginning after launch, when the septic tank only receives the first volume of sewage. In its course, a large volume of gases with unpleasant odors is formed, which displace oxygen from the reservoir.

Due to oxygen starvation in the cleaning tank, a rapid increase in the number of anaerobic microorganisms begins - this is already alkaline fermentation. The silt at the bottom acquires a dark color and no longer emits fetid odors. But it is in it that anaerobes “live”.

Advice! It is not necessary to completely clean the sump from alkaline sludge. Its small mass at the bottom of the treatment tank is a guarantee of the absence of sewer stench and correct operation VOC.

Scheme of the wastewater treatment process

Further, the water clarified in the sump enters the aerobic chamber of the septic tank for post-treatment. Aerobic bacteria are already starting to act here. And the more oxygen they receive, the better and faster they decompose and oxidize organic matter.

The post-treatment of wastewater in an aerobic septic tank is carried out not by natural aerobic microorganisms, but by bacteria specially bred and attached to the filters. They purify wastewater by 99%, which makes it possible to reuse purified water for technical needs.

In order for the aerobes to work efficiently, the water in the tank is blown with air - it is aerated. Compressors are used for this. The settled effluents, when they enter the post-treatment chamber, are mixed with activated sludge, which rises from the bottom due to the action of compressed air.

Aerobic bacteria begin to process organic matter and multiply. As a result, additional sludge is formed in the in large numbers settling at the bottom. The volume of the septic tank is calculated so that the sediment from it has to be unloaded no more than 1 time per year.

Advantages of using aerobes in wastewater treatment

Aerobic septic tanks have four undeniable advantages:

No unpleasant odors.
Minimal amount cleanings - vacuum trucks will need to be called only once a year.
Maximum biosecurity - pollution of the earth and groundwater is practically excluded.
The possibility of recycling treated water for irrigation or technical needs.

The device of a two-chamber anaerobic-aerobic septic tank with a drainage field

The only drawback is the sensitivity of the microflora of the aerobic septic tank to certain chemical compounds that lead to the death of aerobes.

Important! Aerobic bacteria and household chemicals with a high content of formaldehyde and chlorine compounds are incompatible. These substances simply kill aerobic microorganisms.

Installing an aerobic septic tank with your own hands

The easiest way is to install an aerobic type factory septic tank. This is a ready-made system that only needs to be buried in the ground and sewerage connected to it. It is supplied in the form of plastic or metal containers with a set of compressor and pumping equipment.

The size of the sump is determined at the rate of 600 liters of wastewater for every living person in the house. This is 200 daily liters multiplied by three days. These are the recommendations of SNiP for private cottages.

Overflow septic tank from two reinforced concrete wells

With your own hands, an aerobic septic tank can be made from several tanks, for the arrangement of which it will fit:

Brick.
Reinforced concrete rings.
Plastic containers.
iron barrels.
Tires.

You will have to tinker with brick wells, reinforced concrete is heavy and will require lifting equipment. Barrels and tanks made of iron are subject to corrosive processes. The best option- plastic. But the choice of material largely depends on its availability and cost in a particular region.

Do-it-yourself aerobic VOC device option

For the functioning of an aerobic septic tank, you will need equipment:

external compressor for pumping air;
aerator for saturating the tank with aerobes with oxygen;
a pump for pumping sludge from the end tank into a container with bacteria;
submersible pump for pumping purified water.

Important! All this equipment requires connection to the mains, a septic tank with aerobes is volatile. This should be taken into account when choosing a local treatment plant for country house where there are electrical problems.

Video: odorless aerobic two-chamber septic tank

If you wish, you can install an aerobic septic tank yourself. It is enough to assemble the factory set of the cleaning system according to the instructions. But when arranging wells or sedimentation tanks made of reinforced concrete or brick, you will have to work. But everything is possible. It is also important to correctly connect the electrical equipment and load the aerobes into the cleaning chamber. The main thing is not to miscalculate with the power and size of the septic tank.

Country house or country house is good. But as is customary in places remote or somewhat remote from cities, there is no water supply and sewerage system. Sewerage arrangement - very milestone in order to comfortably live outside the city. But sometimes the services of specialized companies are expensive, moreover, unjustifiably. So why overpay if you can equip a treatment plant in a private house with your own hands? How? We will now tell you in detail.

What is a sewage treatment plant?

Before you start arranging treatment facilities in the house, you need to decide which type is right for you both in terms of consumer characteristics, price, and, if possible, self-assembly:

The waste water tank is cesspools, in which a filtering bottom and sealed cesspools are equipped.
Devices that process wastewater, namely septic tanks, biological stations deep cleaning, biofilters and aerotanks.

If you dig deeper, then any of these systems can be installed by yourself without the involvement of specialists, well, unless you need a couple of friends and free time. But, before equipping one or another type, you need to figure out how suitable it is for you.

Cesspool

This is the cheapest option that can be applied to a private house. Before talking about how to equip it with your own hands, I would like to clarify some points about it. This type has been used for a very long time, it has some advantages:

The available materials for the arrangement, one might say, are junk, and besides, they do not need much.
The design is simple.
Elementary installation.

installation concrete rings for wastewater treatment plants

But, despite the clear advantages, you need to consider the disadvantages, as they can influence the final choice:

Over time, it will become necessary to clean the pit using sewers, which is far from cheap.
Not every site has the opportunity for the entrance of special equipment, you need to take care of this, so as not to rack your brains over cleaning later.
There is also a restriction on the distance to the source of drinking water.
Such a pit pollutes the soil.

Drains, getting through the sewer pipe, merge into a pit, in which a sand and gravel cushion is provided. From there, the liquid seeps into the ground, and solid waste remains on the pillow. Over time, it fills up and needs to be pumped out.

There are more modern version- this is a sealed cesspool, but here the need to call vacuum trucks can occur very often, especially if you live in the house regularly. In order to minimize the number of calls to special services, you need to choose a large capacity.

How to equip one and the other option, we will tell further.

Standard pit

Since ancient times, people have used cesspools. Then, at the dug hole, the walls were covered with clay, and the toilet itself was on the street. Today, of course, such "technologies" are no longer used.

digging a well for installing treatment facilities for a private house

Whichever option you choose, the first thing to do is to dig a hole of the required size. Concrete rings, bricks, even obsolete tires are suitable for its arrangement. In the latter case than larger diameter, all the better.

With the use of concrete rings, the technology is somewhat different. To do this, you need to install a ring on the chosen place, then climb inside it and dig it out: as you dig, the ring will fall. With the next ring, do the same, and until required depth. Then you need to fill the bottom with a sand and gravel pillow. In most cases, three to four rings will suffice. You also need to remember to provide an outlet for the drain, namely: a hole for the pipe, which will lead the drains to the required place.

When using old tires, you can either proceed in the same way as with concrete rings, or dig a hole in advance. In the second option for laying tires, the soil around them should be compacted so that there is no space between them and the wall of the pit. If applicable brickwork, then the pits are dug in advance in approximately the same size as the pit will be. Then it is simply covered with bricks using standard masonry mortar. Don't forget to wall up the pipe or leave room for it.

From above, this structure must be covered so that it does not exude odors and rainwater does not get there, or no one falls. It is also desirable to provide air vent and a well for pumping out.

Please note: this type will not work if there are a lot of drains, for a number of reasons:

The soil is not able to absorb a very large amount of water.
Taking into account the fact that the filtration will be coarse, the liquid that enters the soil will be undertreated, which means that sewage will get into it and pollute it.

sealed pits

For their arrangement, it is necessary to purchase a special container. Today, the most common are plastic pits, their sizes vary from one to dozens of cubes, so you can choose by size. But here a problem arises: first of all, it needs to be transported somehow, and then installed in the place intended for it. Completely without the involvement of special equipment can not do here. Next, we will present the sequence of works:

Digging a hole. If a large capacity is expected, then it is not so easy to dig it out, and it is better to use the services of an excavator. If you are not embarrassed by the not very harmonious appearance of the container, then you do not need to bury it at all.
Screed. In most cases, the container is still hidden underground, but first the pit needs to be strengthened. To do this, it is necessary to reinforce and pour a small concrete screed.
Capacity installation. After preparation, you can install a container in the resulting pit. It can be of different shapes, so most likely it will have to be covered with a layer of soil on top so that only a pumping well remains on the surface.

When arranging this type of sewage treatment system for a private house with your own hands, you need to take into account some important factors. For example, do not wait until the container is filled to the brim: there must be at least a meter of distance between the lid and the drains. Take care of ventilation, so you can get rid of the strong smell when you open the hatch cover. So, equipping this type of pit, take care of the convenient entrance of special equipment.

installation of concrete rings without a bottom for arranging drainage

A closed cesspool has the following advantages:

It can be set up in any convenient location, as it does not pollute the soil and sources of drinking water.
This pit is perfect for country house because it does not require high maintenance costs.

Septic tank, or how to rationally use drains

Another option is to make a septic tank with your own hands. It is a design of one, two, three or four containers. The more of them, the better the cleaning will be. With the maximum level of such filtration, it is even possible to use wastewater for technical purposes, for example, for watering or cleaning the territory.

installation of special septic tanks with a system for treating wastewater and draining into the ground

The essence of the work of this treatment plant is that the effluents, falling into one chamber, settle in it for some time. Heavy particles precipitate, then the resulting liquid passes into the next chamber. After these processes, the liquid enters the aeration field, where it is cleaned using soil bacteria, which in top layer a lot of soil. In order to make such a design with your own hands, you need to correctly calculate all its parameters and take into account the features, performance, which will primarily depend on the size of the septic tank.

It is very important to define correct dimensions septic tank. Here, the amount of effluents that will be produced by the inhabitants of the house in two days is taken into account. Now we are talking about the calculation for the first chamber, since for smaller ones such a calculation goes to knocks. So, knowing that the approximate number of drains per day for one person is 200 liters, this figure should be multiplied by 3 days, since the process of filtering drains in a septic tank can take up to 3 days. In total, we get 600 liters in three days, but this is subject to the residence of one person, if more, then 600 must be multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house, which means they use water to wash dishes, take a shower, use the toilet. Having made such simple calculations, it is better to round the resulting figure up. For example, if three people live, we will get a figure of 1800 liters, that is, it is better to take a septic tank for 2000 liters.

Another size of the septic tank can be calculated if there is a water meter. Here you also need to calculate for three days, it is best that two weekends and one weekday fall into this period, since it is on weekends that the water consumption is greater, which means that the load on the septic tank is greater.

Scheme of the treatment system

Before creating such a treatment system, it is necessary to develop its scheme. We will offer the simplest one that can be implemented. The basic system includes:

A septic tank, it can be made from concrete rings, European cups, it can also be just a foundation pit in which the walls are lined with concrete. There should be at least two cameras.
Aeration field where post-treatment will be carried out.

When arranging a septic tank, it is necessary to take into account that best result can be obtained using three cameras.

The entire structure must be sloped. First, there is a pipe with a slope to the septic tanks. Each department of the septic tank should have its own hatch to control its filling. This is followed by an overflow pipe of at least two meters. The filtration field should be from 5 to 20 meters long; ventilation pipes must be installed above it. Above you need a gravel cushion of at least half a meter.

You can make a septic tank with your own hands from improvised materials. The following factors should be considered: durability, environmental friendliness, compliance sanitary standards, efficiency. You can make a septic tank from bricks, concrete rings, eurocubes.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

Septic tanks made of concrete rings are created no deeper than four meters. Four or five standard rings will be enough for this. The diameter can also be different: from 70 cm to 2 m, this indicator must be taken into account when calculating the required volume. First of all, decide how many wells there will be, where they will be located and where the aeration field will be located.

installation of meter-long concrete rings and fixing in the ground

Please note that each ring weighs several hundred kilograms, and this must be taken into account, because you will most likely have to use special equipment. But, in principle, you can do it yourself, although you will need helpers. The pit digging technology is the same as we told for the cesspool. Lay in this way you need to consistently all the rings. To bind the rings, reinforcement is used, which is welded in the middle of the structure. At the bottom of the septic tank, a screed is poured, waterproofing is carried out. The same must be done with the joints - they are covered with cement and waterproofed. With the second compartment, you need to do the same, but it needs to be made smaller in volume by 20%, from the first. From the last compartment of the septic tank, you need to make an exit to the aeration field.

European cup septic tank

It’s still easier here, you just need to find or buy such containers, you can even use them. Here it will not be possible to turn around in size especially: both the first, and the second, and subsequent containers will be the same in volume, only they need to be placed 20 cm below the level of the previous compartment. In such a cube, you need to make a hole for ventilation, it should be separate for each cube and for the aeration field. Before installing septic tanks, it is necessary to dig a hole. Cubes are not heavy, it is quite possible to move and mount them together.

installation of a septic tank from eurocubes and an overflow system

The containers must be connected to the pipe that comes from the house, between themselves and draw a conclusion to the aeration field, then this entire structure should be covered with a layer of earth, leaving only ventilation pipes and wells on the surface. Such septic tanks must be cleaned of sediment in order for them to work effectively.

brick septic tank

When arranging a septic tank of a brick pit, you need to decide on the number of drains. If there are less than a cube, then one camera will be enough. In a brick septic tank, a foundation is needed; on the basis of it, “walls” should already be erected. First you need to dig a hole. Its depth is the volume of the septic tank, we described above how to calculate it. It is also necessary to seal the bottom and think over a sand cushion.

construction of a brick septic tank complex system filtration and overflow

The arrangement of the chamber must begin with the processing of bricks with mastic, after which masonry is carried out using building concrete. After the construction of the structure, it is necessary to process the connection of the wall and floor of the pit cement mortar. The walls must first be treated with clay, and then plastered, after which the installation of a two-layer waterproofing should be organized. For such a septic tank you need reinforced concrete slab for covering. It should have two holes - one for the hatch, the second for the ventilation pipe (it can be both plastic and asbestos).

Benefits this option many, namely:

Low price and availability.
Reliability of a design and durability, on condition of the correct execution of works.
Ease of arrangement.
Placement and erection options, no need to be tied to a cube or a cylinder.
All work can be carried out independently without the involvement of assistants.
Practicality.

Of course, there are also disadvantages, namely:

The construction process will take a long time, it is laborious.
Designs needed additional protection from environmental influences.

Important! Do not build a septic tank from a foam block, as it will not withstand the effects of negative factors and will simply fall apart after a short time.

Other options

The last septic tank option that we would like to talk about is a tire septic tank. This option is cheap and takes less time to implement than the previous one. All work is carried out in stages:

First you need to markup. Lay a tire on the ground, which will be the basis of the first well, at some distance for the second. If there are more of them, then for the next ones. Now you need to dig holes according to the marks.
Bottom. It in any septic tank should not let sewage into the ground. That is why it must either be concreted or covered with the so-called "clay plug", that is, a layer of clay of at least 20-25 cm.
Tire preparation. Everyone needs to cut off the upper part, for this, use a jigsaw or other suitable tool. By carrying out this operation, it will be possible to obtain smoother edges of the well, which will not let runoff into the ground.
Installation. You need to stack them one on top of the other. For the stability of the structure, they must be tied together with wire, in the future, all connecting seams are treated with a sealant to prevent seepage of drains. At a distance of 2/3 to the bottom, you need to insert a transition pipe through which the drains will enter the well from the house.
The remaining space between the well and the pit should be covered with a layer of earth, for example, use the one that remains after digging it.
Lid. Any material that does not rot will do.

As you can see, everyone can equip a treatment plant with their own hands, and at the same time it is not necessary to spend money on expensive cleaning systems. A self-made septic tank will serve faithfully for many years.

Everyone is trying to improve living conditions in country house to the maximum. Why not, for example, arrange a separate recreation area in the country - a kind of paradise with a bathhouse, sun loungers, a gazebo for pleasant conversations, a sports ground and, of course, with a barbecue, or a barbecue (as you like). "What's new in this?" you ask. Do not rush to conclusions. The main surprise is ahead. So, thanks to the possibility of bringing all the necessary communications to the recreation area, you can now receive guests in your paradise at any time. But, if the supply of water and lighting to any place on your site is already quite common for any "home-made", then the autonomous sewerage of a private house sometimes still raises a number of questions. In this article we will tell you how to organize an autonomous sewerage of a private house based on a deep biological treatment station.

If you are going to bring the drain on your own and have already made a choice in favor of an autonomous sewage system of a private house based on a deep biological treatment station, then you must strictly observe the following procedure:

Independently, or with the help of a specialist, choose a place for the removal of treated water.
Choose the option for water diversion: with forced or gravity ejection.
Select the model and manufacturer of the station. And here you can not do without competent advice from specialists.

Expert advice:
(General Director of the company "Domostroev" Vitaly Timofeevich Tokarev)
Of course, you need to choose from the main manufacturers of deep biological treatment stations that have been proven over the years, who have the relevant documents that guarantee the reliability of these stations, namely: the necessary certificates of compliance with hygiene standards and a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. If you find it difficult to give preference to someone, contact the experts. Specialists will also help you decide on the model of the station, its manufacturer and at the same time choose necessary equipment. In addition, they will prompt, if there is any doubt, whether you have chosen the right place for the future station. As a rule, the most optimal solution is to make the sewer route without turns, so as not to install additional revision wells. Without revision wells, it will be very problematic to clear the blockage in pipes with turns.

IN big problem the wrong choice between manual and work of special equipment can also result.

To prevent this from happening, you need to know in which cases to give preference to one or another force.

In what situations is it possible to prepare the pit only manually:

1. When it is impossible to enter the site for special equipment.
2. When in the course of work there is a real threat of violation of the already formed landscape.

A completely different calico, when a wheeled excavator can freely drive up and work directly at the installation site. If the weather and soil are favorable for the rapid development of the pit, then the work of the excavator will take no more than 20-25 minutes. But this is ideal. In practice, such development takes much longer. Much depends on the amount of sand in the soil and the height of the level. ground water. With a large number of both of them (such soil is called "quicksand"), the work time may take up to several hours and formwork may be required. With a large amount of water-saturated loam or clay, work can take the whole working day.

Sequence of work

Excavation

Let's define the scope of our tasks, the number and complexity of which largely depends on the chosen location for the installation of a biological treatment plant. In our example, it is quite traditional - near the bathhouse, specifically - two meters from the main ditch. A smaller distance, according to the rules of SNIP, is not recommended. Now we plan the exit of the sewer pipe. And here we will not surprise anyone. The route will start from home. Its length, according to our calculations, is 23 meters to the installation site. The distance is decent, we exceeded the norm by up to 15 meters and, according to the rules, we still cannot do without an additional revision well.

We don’t have the opportunity to use special equipment, since the passage to the house is too narrow, and we don’t want to spoil the design landscape. So, we will work manually. The site will require a force of three, and preferably five people.

We order in advance and bring sand, which will be needed to create a sand cushion both in the pit and under the pipes (for three or four people, 3-5 cubic meters of sand each, this is approximately, it all depends on the installation conditions of the station).

We were lucky, the site turned out to be sandy soil, there is no need to bring sand.

Materials for mounting a stand-alone station

sewer pipes for outdoor work
insulation
bends
electric cable
corrugation
manholes

Model stations must be unloaded in a vertical position.
The installation itself is carried out in three stages

The size of the pit for the station (take the average number - for 5 people) is 1.5 × 1.5 m wide, and 2.3 m deep. To prevent erosion of the walls of the pit due to high level groundwater (this is common), we make formwork. In this case, the width of the pit increases by about 0.3 m. This is exactly what we will do. We dig a hole measuring 1.8 by 1.8 m, taking into account the width of the formwork.

Throughout the work, do not forget to measure the depth of the pit. If groundwater still penetrates the formwork, a drainage pump must be used.

As soon as the last centimeter is dug, we immediately begin the descent of the station so that the pit is not attacked by groundwater with sand.

Descent station

We lower the station into the pit on ropes. Help will be required from all those present on the site. This procedure does not tolerate fuss.

Then, all compartments of the station are filled with water. At the same time, we level the station body and sprinkle it, ramming the sand so that the station does not sink along with the ground. The septic tank is filled up, like water, on the upper level of the station.

We fall asleep, but not completely, since the connection of the highways is still to be done - input and output.

Digging a supply trench

For sewer pipes(diameter 110 mm), we dig a trench 0.5-0.6 m wide in order to feel the stability of our legs during installation. It will be impossible to arrange a high-quality sand cushion in a different way. At the entrance to the station, we leave 0.6 m at the depth of the supply pipe. Thus, the trench is dug along the entire length with a depth of 0.2 to 0.7 m with a slight (3 percent) uniform slope to the station along the entire length. Then the bottom of the trench is leveled with sand.

We fall asleep a sand cushion along the entire length at a slope of 3 cm per meter. Seal by checking the level. Then, only a part of the line is laid out from the pipes and on the wall of the receiving chamber we mark the place of the tie-in of the line.

For external laying of the highway, we use pipes of a specially red color. Even before laying, do not forget to put thermal insulation on the pipes, which greatly simplifies the entire installation of the route.

1. We cut a hole in the wall of the receiving chamber with a prepared crown.
2. We hermetically solder the joint seam using polypropylene solder. We apply it with a special nozzle of a building hair dryer.

Now it is possible to install on our long route, according to the instructions of SNIP, a revision well. Important note: the well must be made of special materials that are not afraid of temperature changes, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and soil pressure.

The very exit of the sewer pipe from the house is nothing more than a vertical "riser", which is necessarily insulated to a height ground floor. The connection of the vertical and horizontal parts of the riser uses a tee in case of clearing the blockage.

When we have laid the entire route, we make a fixing backfill to prevent violations of the slope of the pipes, its shift towards the septic tank. Then we lay the electric cable (in a protective corrugation) in black.

Now we need a diversion trench device in drainage ditch. It will be located near the station. We are planning a device for gravity drainage of treated effluents, so we lay the pipes in the insulation right up to the ditch. There are literally two meter steps to the ditch, so we use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

It should be borne in mind that the wastewater from the treatment plant is warm all year round. Given this fact, in the process of laying under the roadway, double-walled corrugated pipes mostly, but there are some errors. And not only in this case.

Pressure polyethylene pipes(HDPE) with a cross section of 25mm are used and laid with a counter angle for forced retraction. In the winter season, it is recommended to lay a heating self-regulating cable along the entire length of the line, with additional thermal insulation.

We dig a trench under the outlet line and clean the bottom of the trench for a sand cushion under the pipe (with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 m).

The pipe in the insulation is laid on the sand. Then it is connected to the station using a branch pipe with a diameter of 11 cm.

We finish the installation with the outlet of the discharge system into a deep gutter.

The penultimate stage - we start the electric cable through a sealed input on the cable wall and connect it to the control unit (we do this according to the scheme). Next, we connect the lamp, as well as the float, alarm. Such a system is necessary to increase the reliability of the entire autonomous sewage system. Thus, you will always be aware of the work of the station around the clock.

If we consider the situation with forced emission, then two electrical appliances are mounted inside the station - this is a compressor and a drainage pump, sometimes a heating cable is connected.

This must be remembered:

1. The compressor is fixed with a clamp to the air duct and the power cable is connected to the socket located inside the station.
2. A drainage pump is installed in the tank for treated wastewater and connected to the socket with a cable. 3) an output line is connected to the pump, sometimes with a heating cable.

For the summer, the cable can be disconnected, in order to save electricity, we recommend that you do not exclude this possibility.

The end of the electrical cable brought into the house is fed to the shield (to a separate machine). It is not bad to install a voltage stabilizer in the house. It will protect electrical appliances from power surges.

So we have reached the victorious end - the preliminary launch. We connect all the elements of our system, check the performance of all airlift pumps, phase switching. We also check the work drainage pump and heating cable. In the event of a forced ejection, it must be uninterrupted.

Now is the time to start fully backfilling the station and all trenches that can be easily disguised as a lawn with flowers. And to overlay the station with a beautiful pattern of stones. Yes, and do not forget, for the good of the cause, to be instructed in the maintenance of the station.

The biological treatment plant guarantees efficient wastewater treatment in the country. The method of operation of the facility with a high degree of purification is borrowed from nature. The main work here is performed by microorganisms. According to the reviews of the owners, the equipment is trouble-free, its installation is simple.

The basis of the work of the biological treatment plant is the vital activity of microorganisms present in the effluents. Special conditions have been created here for their reproduction - air is pumped in, without which bacteria are not able to decompose waste. In fact, this is a copy of natural processes in miniature.

The device of the biological treatment station

SBO is a tank with several chambers inside. How many such chambers are in the tank, how many degrees of purification the biostation has. Each camera has a specific function:

First, water, entering the first compartment, settles, large inclusions settle at its bottom. Subsequently, the sediment must be periodically removed.
The next chamber is the activator. Air is supplied to it by means of a compressor, which is necessary for the vital activity of microorganisms. Here an anaerobic process takes place, which makes it possible to obtain activated sludge.
The third chamber is another settling tank, where the processed product, sludge, is pumped out.
From the secondary clarifier, 98% purified water enters the last chamber.

The silt resulting from the work of bacteria is an excellent fertilizer, and the water that has passed all stages of purification is suitable for irrigation. So in the country, this installation brings a double benefit.

Attention! There is no need to replenish the colony of bacteria by introducing preparations intended for dry closets. Here they will not be of any use, because. completely different microorganisms inhabit it.

Pros and cons of a biological treatment plant

Compared with a septic tank, then the aeration tank has a lot of advantages:

the degree of purification is higher;
no intolerable odor;
compact parameters;

Scheme treatment facilities

environmental friendliness;
simple installation - they are installed both underground and above, and deepened by half;
no special requirements for soils;
frost resistance;
exclusion of such a service as calling a sewage truck.

The operation of a biological treatment plant is impossible without electricity, so if the cottage is located in an area where electricity is supplied with large interruptions, then it is better not to install such a system. The rather high price of the station can also become a minus. The acquisition will justify itself if a large amount of wastewater is to be processed.

Attention! It is impossible to drain compounds containing chlorine into the sewer, otherwise the bacteria will die. Therefore, water from washing machines and dishwashers should be drained separately. Colonies of bacteria do not survive even when the station is idle for a long time.

Station installation

The SBO installation process consists of the following steps:

The design of the pit, including its digging, tamping of the bottom, the device of a loading plate, if groundwater is not far from the surface.
Lowering the station into the prepared pit.
Backfilling into the pit of sand, carried out in stages and accompanied by compaction.
Installation of a pipe and a supply of an electric cable.
Ground planning.

Scheme of arrangement of a biological treatment station in the country

To perform the installation work efficiently, you should take into account some features of the process:

The place for the station should be chosen at a short distance from country house.
SBO is best installed on a concrete slab.
When backfilling the bioreactor, the edges are first filled with sand, then the soil is poured.
With a low power station, the compressor and timer are placed in a special well located next to the reactor. Mounting of the control unit outside is allowed.
Cables, as well as air ducts, are placed in protective covers.
If sewer water cannot get into the chamber by gravity, then a pumping station is additionally needed.

Advice. Silt is pumped out 1 or 2 times a year. At the same time, preventive maintenance work is being carried out. It's better when professionals do it.

Popular models of biological treatment plants

Among the SBOs suitable for giving, use the following models:

Station for deep biological treatment BIOTANK

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The main purpose of sewerage in the country is the collection, purification and further disposal of effluents generated when water is used for household and hygienic purposes. Also, suburban sewage for a summer residence is able to cope with the processing of feces. In any country house where people sometimes live, it is necessary to equip a sewer system that will create normal living conditions.

An important component of civilized life is the availability of sewerage and water supply. Inhabitants apartment buildings do not think about how the sewer systems function, since all the effluent flows into a sewer serviced by city utilities.

Effluent is waste water from sinks, bathtubs, kitchen sinks and faeces from the toilet. They are brought out with the help of an internal pipeline outside the house, and then into the street sewer network.

If there is no centralized drain, then you have to independently lay a sewer for the disposal and treatment of wastewater.

In such cases, you can create:

all-alloy construction (at the same time, thawed and rain water enter the treatment plant along with domestic wastewater);
a separate system (in this case, separate drains for melt and rainwater are created).

by the most best solution is the creation of a separate system in which wastewater is cleaned.

The simplest do-it-yourself sewer for a summer residence is created from the following elements:

yard outdoor network;
treatment facilities;
brownie internal network with plumbing fixtures.

Sewerage scheme in the country

Before proceeding with the creation of a sewer, be sure to make a diagram of the location of its main elements. It also indicates the house and serviced plumbing equipment. It is recommended to “tie” all plumbing to one collector, which will direct drains to the same place. See also: "".

In the event that impurities come from different ends site, it is sometimes necessary to create more outlets for waste disposal. When laying pipes, it is imperative to find out the depth of soil freezing, as well as the level of groundwater. See also: "".

Choosing a place for a sewer system near a country house

When choosing a place for a sewer pit, the soil and terrain are examined, taking into account:

remoteness from buildings, fences and water supply elements;
plot slope;
the possibility of access of special equipment for cleaning the pit.

Since the buildings in the country are intended for temporary operation, it is not necessary to create volumetric sedimentation tanks. Thanks to this, there is no need to invest a lot of time and money in the country sewerage.

According to construction and sanitary standards, the sewer pit must be removed from residential buildings at a distance of at least 5 meters. It is better to equip the sump at the lowest point of the site in order to facilitate the flow of effluents into it.

A properly drawn up project allows you to avoid overspending pipes and observe all the nuances (when creating a sewer, you must take into account the location of the telephone cable, gas mains and other communications). It is important that water supply and sewerage systems do not intersect.

Construction of a sewerage system

Currently, a biological treatment station for summer cottages is popular. In modern sites, septic tanks are common, as they are more efficient than traditional pit latrines. These devices are capable of cleaning wastewater and take them to the ground. Of course, sometimes it will be required to call a sewage machine, but such a need will arise much less frequently than when creating a conventional pit.

In order to build an effective sewer system with a septic tank, you need to follow the instructions exactly.

In progress:

A pit is dug with a depth of about 3 meters, after completion of work, the bottom is compacted with a layer of clay.
In the case of concrete, wall formwork is performed. This will require: wooden beam, OSB sheets, plastic pipe trimmings (read also: "").
After formwork, its sheets are fixed in the pit. For this purpose, a wooden beam is used - they wedged the formwork sheets in the pit. After securely fastening and wedging the structure, the pipe cuts are inserted into pre-created holes. Pipes are driven into the ground by at least 50 mm so that they do not turn out under the influence of concrete, which can then fall into the pit.
Metal rods are used to reinforce the walls - this design will be much stronger. A special hole is required for the entry of pipes.
It is desirable that the septic tank is no more than 15-20 meters from the foundation of the house, but no closer than 5 meters. To calculate the required capacity of the device, you need to multiply the daily flow rate per person by the number of residents.
The bottom of the septic tank is filled with concrete. As for the walls, the concrete or brick used in their construction is plastered. After pouring one part of the pit, the solution is allowed to dry for 2-3 days, then the formwork is moved to the other two walls, and concrete is poured again.
Depending on the depth of groundwater and the type of soil, filtering devices are selected. One of the most reliable options is a well made of reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1500 millimeters.

If a filter well is being equipped, then the sewerage system for the country house is created as follows:

A shaft is dug, its size should exceed the diameter of the rings by 80 centimeters.
Runs around the perimeter concrete screed, and the center must remain free so that wastewater can seep into the ground.
3 rings are placed in the pit with a crane.
In the lowest of them, holes with a diameter of 5 centimeters are drilled using a perforator, the distance between them should be approximately 10 centimeters.
The well is filled with filter material to a height of about 1 meter. As backfill, soil, gravel, broken brick and other small items.
The same backfilling is done between the walls of the well outside and the rings. The inlet pipe is installed 500 mm above the backfill level so that it enters the well through a side hole in the reinforced concrete ring.
A hatch is equipped with two holes: under the cover and the exhaust riser (respectively 500 and 100 millimeters).

In addition to a septic tank on unstable soil, it is recommended to create a filter well.

Laying sewer pipes

When installing sewerage in the country, not only a septic tank is equipped, but pipes are also laid, and in compliance with all building codes. The system must have a sufficient slope so that the movement of drains is spontaneous.

The farther from the house there is a sewer pit, the deeper the entrance of the pipes should be. If this rule is not observed, then the drains will not drain on their own, respectively, you will have to use a pump to pump them out. This will lead to extra costs and hassle.

Sewerage systems for summer cottages are made of cast iron or plastic pipes. Plastic products they must be sealed with a rubber gasket, and cast iron ones are sealed with a tarred cable and smeared with cement mortar.

To lay the pipeline, a trench is dug at least 1 meter deep, otherwise they will have to be insulated. Typically, the depth at which the pipes are laid depends on the average winter temperature. For example, in regions with a warm climate, the depth of trenches can be up to 70 centimeters, and in areas with harsh winters it must be increased to 180 centimeters.

In unstable soil, the bottom of the excavated trench is reinforced with a layer of sand about 15 centimeters thick. Then the ditch is covered with soil and compacted.

It is better to lay pipes without turns, since it is in these areas that blockages are most often formed. If this is not possible, then a manhole is equipped in this place, which is sealed with concrete, and in some situations with hot bitumen.

Internal sewer network

After the construction of the septic tank and the laying of pipes, the internal sewer network is equipped. The house network provides for the collection of wastewater and its delivery to the street sewer.

Self-creation internal system as follows:

Sinks, bathtub, washbasin and other plumbing fixtures are connected to a riser with a diameter of 50 millimeters. The devices are connected using a pipe of the same diameter with a slope that does not exceed 25 millimeters per linear meter.
At the outlet of any plumbing device, water seals are installed that do not unpleasant odors get into the house.
The toilet requires a riser with a diameter of 100 millimeters, and the pipes are laid at an angle not exceeding 12 millimeters. According to SNiP, a large slope should not be created, since in this case sewer system will often get clogged.
All risers are connected to a prefabricated sewer line that carries wastewater out of the house. Its diameter should be 100 millimeters.
A small window measuring 300x300 millimeters is created in the basement wall or in the foundation of the house to bring the sewer network out of the building to the street (read also: "").
A pipe is placed in the hole made. Be sure to leave a gap of at least 150 millimeters. Otherwise, the pipe may be damaged when the building shrinks.

When creating an internal sewer network, plastic or cast iron pipes. Plastic products are connected with special fittings, and cast iron products are connected by welding.

Sewerage on suburban area it is quite possible to do it yourself, you just need to have some skills. There are several options autonomous sewers, and each site owner can choose the type of system that meets his requirements and capabilities. by the most modern look sewerage is a design with a septic tank, in which effluents are cleaned and then disposed of into the ground without causing harm environment. In order for the sewer system to be effective, it is important to comply with all building codes and regulations.