Homemade tools for forging. Forging equipment: do-it-yourself cold forging machine. Metals for forging

The production of metal parts requires special equipment capable of creating a force that forms the shape of an object. Alternatively, you can purchase relatively inexpensive devices. However, it is not difficult to independently make almost any machine for cold forging with your own hands.

What is required for this we will consider in the course of our article.

Of course, if the budget allows, you can not particularly complicate your life and purchase universal equipment for cold forging metal. Moreover, such a machine in itself combines all the individual manual devices. But the rather small cost of such a workbench makes it inaccessible to many home workshops.

What do-it-yourself cold forging tools can be made and what to produce on them?

To establish your own metalworking workshop, the main six machines are quite enough: a bender, a twister, a flashlight, a volume, a snail, and a wave.

These homemade machines are capable of processing the main types of materials used in cold metalworking technology: squares, bars (with a cross section of up to 14 millimeters) and a steel strip, 3-6 mm thick with a width in the range of 25 millimeters. the same operation as the factory equipment: bending, twisting or pressing without loss of quality.

Also, on a home-made manual machine, it is quite possible to produce the main elements of cold forged products: curls, volutes, baskets required for further assembly. finished products. Moreover, the forging equipment itself is compact, it can be easily placed in a garage workshop.

Learning to work with a cold forging tool is very simple. It does not require special knowledge about the properties of the metal and its further processing (annealing, tempering or hardening). The training and production process is practically safe, equipment and materials do not work with high temperatures and the working mechanisms are very simple.

The only drawback in cold forging metal and working on manual equipment is the possibility of marriage if mistakes are made. But the main problem is that defects are very difficult to fix. Defective elements can be corrected only by heating the metal in a furnace or on a burner.

The easiest for self assembly there will be: snails, gnutiki and twisters. They do not require expensive tools. All you need is welding, a cutting tool, drawings with materials and a little understanding in mechanics.

So, how to make homemade cold forging machines with your own hands?

Assembly of different types of equipment

For initial stage arranging a cold metalworking workshop will require three main devices: a bender, a twister and a snail. What elements can be produced on them?

A bender is a device that greatly simplifies the bending of a part and the production of bends of any shape.

It easily handles rolled products in the form of steel strip and rod with dimensions of 12x12 millimeters. In addition to corner parts, the bender can create arc-shaped parts.

The twister serves to twist a long workpiece around its axis into a longitudinal spiral. In hot forging, there is a similar tool - a crank. The twister is similar to this device in its design. This is a frame on which a gate with a rotating head and a slider are fixed, limiting and fixing desired length details. Parts twisted on such equipment are a frequent element used to assemble window grilles, fences, railings and other types of fences.

If you install additional devices in the form of a shaft on the twister, then it will be able to produce voluminous baskets.

The snail is perhaps the most famous manual machine for cold forging. Volute and various parts twisted around the axis are produced on its conductor. The assembled device consists of a kind of frame (round / square), a jig (spiral) and a roller with manual drive in the form of a lever. By pressing the drive lever and feeding the workpiece, any type of spiral can be twisted without problems.

The main thing in the manufacture of manual equipment for cold forging of metal is the observance of three basic principles:

1. The length of the lever drive is calculated so that sufficient force is applied to the metal.
2. It is best to make the components of the installations prefabricated or movable, then it will be possible to easily adjust the dimensions of the elements produced.
3. All parts of the conductors are made with a sufficient margin of safety, and the connections must be of high quality.

Observing such principles, it is quite feasible to manufacture normal metalworking equipment with excellent performance.

The listed three installations with the mechanism working manually, allow to make the majority of names of production without a metal warming up.

Gnutik assembly

This cold forging machine has a wide range of applications. With it, you can bend parts of any configuration. The device is quite simple, it consists of a base on which the rollers are mounted, a wedge (setting bend) and control levers. The machine itself can be made in a vertical or horizontal design.

It is easier to make a horizontal type on your own.

• It is necessary to prepare a frame in which mounting holes are drilled for mounting the rollers, wedge and lever.
• The wedge should move along the bed (controlled by pressing the lower lever). Its position should be interchangeable, so it will be possible to adjust the angle and steepness of the bend. To do this, it is better to make it on a screw thread, screwing in which changes the distance of the wedge.
• The upper arm is used to shape the workpiece into an arc shape.

After watching the video, you can understand how such a machine works and the principle of its device

Making a snail

The photo shows the main parts of the snail cold forging fixture. The formation of the element occurs due to a special conductor, curled with a spiral (snail). This part, preferably, should be two-part. The manufacture of the machine is as follows.

• A frame is prepared in a round or square shape. For its manufacture, it is better to use metal 5-6 mm.
• Holes are drilled in the base for fastening the conductor (its two parts) and the working lever.
• A rotating roller is mounted on the side, which will set the movement of the workpiece.
• The lever must have sufficient strength, it can be made from an appropriate profile or pipe (with thick walls).
• The conductor is made of thick metal, curved in a spiral. It has holes for mounting bolts.

Below are photos of the drawings of the conductor and the device itself.

For a more understandable principle of operation of such equipment, watch the video provided:

Hand-made do-it-yourself cold forging machines with this design are quite capable of bending bars and squares of various sections up to 14 millimeters.

It is worth remembering that a greater force on a thick workpiece can be created using a longer lever, so an additional extension for such a drive can be provided.

There are other variants of the snail. For example, with a drive in the form of a gate located in a horizontal plane. Schematic drawings of such a device are shown in the photo below.

How to make a twister

The twister (or torsion bar) has a horizontal arrangement of parts. It consists of a frame on which a knob with a rotating head is attached, and a slider that rigidly fixes the workpiece and regulates the length of the product.

• First you need to prepare a workbench (table) where the device will be fixed.
• The bed can be made from a strong I-beam or any other material that has sufficient strength. Its length is selected depending on the parameters of the processed workpieces.
• A slider is made on the frame. Its lower part should move along the device and be fixed in the desired position. Bolt holes can be drilled for mounting. The part where the workpiece will be inserted can be made to fit its size ( through hole) or made from a vise.
• A collar with a rotating head can also be made to fit a specific workpiece or use a chuck from lathe(small sizes)
• The unit is mounted on the table so that the edge of the table does not interfere with turning the knob.

As in the case of a snail, the length of the lever determines the force that is applied to the metal being processed.

If you make an additional mount for the shaft, then on such a torsion bar it will be possible to produce volumetric baskets by twisting a rod onto a template.

The principle of operation of the machine is shown in the video:

Having studied the information, you can also make such devices as a wave (wave-like elements), a flashlight (baskets) or a volumetric (volumetric elements with parts curved in different planes).

If possible, some of these machines can be made electrically driven by installing an engine with the appropriate power for this.

What can you add to this material from your personal experience for the manufacture of equipment for cold forging? How problematic is it to make a cold forging machine with your own hands and what materials to use? Join the discussion in the comments to the article and share your best practices.

Equipment "Snail" for cold forging - mandatory hand tool any master who is engaged in the manufacture of forged products without heating the metal. "Snail" is designed for bending a metal bar during cold forging of metal. Making a "Snail" for cold forging with your own hands is not so difficult.

With the help of home-made cold forging machines, you can make a lot of openwork metal products. Forged fences, fences, gates, gates, railings, benches amaze with interesting outlines, rounded smooth lines. It is the curved forms of forged products that are made using a "snail" - a machine for cold forging metal.

The production of the “snail” tooling takes place in several stages.

In the next video, you can see how the craftsman made a home-made "snail" with his own hands, as well as how and what blanks can be made on such cold forging equipment.

This video features another interesting view a home-made "snail", on which it is convenient to bend forgings into curls and volutes. According to the master, "everything is made more convenient and easier on this machine."

The following video contains a drawing and description of the "snail" device and the necessary materials for the manufacture of the bed and patterns for the production of forged curls.

If you need cold forging, do-it-yourself equipment, the assembly videos of which are presented below, there should be no problems with its manufacture. Your main task is to determine the purposes for which you will collect equipment in your own workshop, garage or just on the balcony. Many cold forging fixtures are compact in size, but have wide functionality.

Why do many home craftsmen strive to try their hand at cold forging on equipment? This is due to some features characteristic of this method of metal processing.

• Multifunctional forging equipment for cold forging can be made by hand, which allows significant financial savings;
• Factory machines for metal are not a cheap pleasure, because home-made equipment becomes an ideal solution for those who want to do artistic forging with their own hands;
• Metal products obtained by cold forging have an attractive appearance, original design, can display your wildest ideas. You just need to implement them correctly;
• The process of doing cold forging with your own hands on specialized equipment is safe and simple when compared with hot metal processing;
• A home-made device for deforming products does not require the use of elevated temperatures, which entail a serious danger. Hot forging can only be done in specially equipped rooms, while cold forging can be done at your home without any risk to your home.

In fact, it is possible to list the advantages that home-made equipment has for an infinitely long time. Instead, we will introduce you to concrete examples devices, we will provide drawings and show you how you can assemble one or another version of the equipment with your own hands.

Types of machines for cold bending of metal

Do-it-yourself cold forging scheme

Finding drawings, video manuals for assembling various types of equipment intended for cold forging is a matter of a couple of minutes in the realities of our time. At the same time, when choosing drawings, it is important to understand what kind of result you are counting on.

Each type of cold forging equipment is designed to perform certain operations with metal. Some craftsmen assemble several machines in one, performing a whole list of tasks with it.

But for beginners, individual metal processing units are quite suitable. And what exactly they will be, you can decide by examining the list of equipment available for making your own hands.

1. Snail machines. Can have solid or removable elements. With their help, metal bars are twisted into spirals.
2. Universal machines. This equipment allows you to cut, rivet and deform parts. As you understand, the deformation is controlled.
3. Gnutik machines. With the help of benders, you can make an arc bend of the metal at the angle you need.
4. Twister machines. They allow you to make bends along the axis of the finished product made of metal, wood, plastic.
5. Wave machines. From the name it becomes obvious that the waves provide the metal with a wave-like shape. With their help, metal rods are bent.
6. Presses. If you need to apply a matrix print to a metal part, you will need equipment such as a press.
7. Ring forming machine. He special name does not, but perfectly copes with its direct duties of bending equipment for cold forging.

homemade snail

The snail is the basic piece of equipment for any beginner or professional cold forger. Therefore, if you decide to make yourself a machine, it is recommended to start with a snail. Relevant drawings and videos are easy to find. And the instructions for making a snail with your own hands look quite simple, so you may not need drawings. Such hand fixture will allow you to start working on cold forging, create your first metal masterpieces.

To assemble the snail, you will need to take the following:

• Metal bars;
• Steel sheets;
• metal strips;
• Profile steel pipe;
• Pliers;
• Bulgarian;
• Welder.

If you need a machine more than once, then use the drawings, and take only high-quality rolled metal to assemble the equipment structure. The durability and efficiency of the equipment directly depend on its reliability.

1. To apply the image of a spiral and 3 turns on a sheet of metal, take plain paper. The rod is placed in the thread, and its diameter should be 10 mm.
2. Cut out a couple of plates from a sheet of steel. The size of the first will be 100 by 100 millimeters, and the second - 130 by 130 millimeters.
3. Be sure to clean the metal bars and strips with sandpaper so that there are no bumps, defects, or burrs on them.
4. Bend the steel strips as required by the drawings or your specific needs. You should end up with three spirals of the same shape, but different in length.
5. Complete welding work based on drawings. Take Special attention the quality of welding, since the durability of your machine directly depends on this.
6. The pipe is welded at the center of the equipment and completes the fabrication of your cold forging machine called the snail.

Torsion equipment

By using torsion machine spiral products are created by cold forging. You can assemble it with your own hands, but manually bending the parts is problematic. Therefore, the drawings provide for the use electric motors in the design of torsion cold forging machines.

If such a moment in the equipment does not scare you, and you are ready to assemble the unit, at the end you will get excellent equipment for creating original decor elements.

The following is required to assemble cold forged equipment:

• Beam made of steel;
• Steel sheet;
• Clamps, clamps and vise;
• Electric motor with chain and gearbox;
• Welding machine;
• corner Sander or just Bulgarian.

The process of assembling a torsion bar does not require advanced knowledge from you, but certain skills will come in handy.

1. The steel beam plays the role of the base of your torsion bar equipment.
2. On one side of the beam, a steel sheet is welded by welding. A vice is mounted on it with bolts and nuts.
3. To avoid possible slippage of metal in the future, it is recommended to fix metal plates below and above the vise.
4. On the other side of the beam, rollers are mounted. On them you will install the work surface of the equipment.
5. At the opposite end, other disks with movable components are installed. Make sure that the structure is at the same level on both sides.
6. Install the steel handle, fix the gearbox, electric motor and chain.
7. Make sure you have protective cover for your design, which prevent unwanted injury.

Assembling units for cold forging with your own hands is a task that everyone can do. The main thing here is to decide on the functions that the machine should perform, and select the appropriate drawings of the device for its subsequent assembly with your own hands. We advise you to start with the simplest models, and as you gain experience, move on to complex, multifunctional cold forging units.

Looking at houses, most often country houses, people can often see beautiful gates, interesting fences and other metal patterns. If we remember that a forge is required to create metal products, then the question arises how the master performed this interesting decor? Cold forging with your own hands helps a lot in creating such things.

The final price of art forging products is low, because both production costs and equipment costs are low. At the same time, the quantity and quality of products remain at a high level. Therefore, a blacksmith who decides to start earning money on his own will quickly pay back the initial investment. Particularly enthusiastic homeowners themselves can arrange an analogue of the forge in their garage. Forging metal at home with a cold look is extremely simple, and some small forged parts can even be made at home.

In production, machine tools are indispensable. It will take about seven machines to deploy a fully equipped cold forge various kinds. Moreover, five of them allow handicraft production at home. But, as in any serious business Before you start creating, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic rules. There are also some methods to make necessary details without machines. They can be considered first.

Forging, bending and stamping

What is the difference between cold forging of metal and, for example, stamping? In stamping, the material does not spread at all or does it very weakly. For example, you should examine a beer can - it is knocked out with a single blow of the head of a stamp press.

If this is a complex product such as a teapot, then the punch will be of a sliding shape.

Naturally, at home it is very difficult to use these presses and it is difficult to make forged parts with them.

If you compare cold forging with hot forging, the differences are immediately visible. In the cold version, the source material does not need to be heated. In fact, this type of forging is riveting the workpiece with many blows using the necessary force. At the same time, the structure of the material changes: the outer part becomes harder, while the inner part contributes to increased durability and toughness of the part.

Riveting is done with a mechanical hammer. You can make it yourself, in some ways it is even easier than making some art forging machines.

Cold artistic technique- this is bending or bending of a metal workpiece. The structure of the part itself is not seriously changed, and the reworked physical and mechanical parameters do not have a serious impact.

Necessary tools for artistic forging

The basis of the basics of cold forging is made up of some types of machine tools using a manual drive.

They are of the following types:

• Twisters - used to twist parts. The curls formed have a narrowed core.
• Twisting machines are called torsion machines. The workpiece is twisted into a volumetric spiral, for example, onions or baskets.
• Inertial stamping - the ends of the metal rods in them are splashed along the selected style, clamps can be made that connect the parts of the pattern. On long parts, this machine is able to squeeze out small disturbances and relief.
• Machines for bending material. There are several variations: pressure - produce zigzags and waves; lingering - squeeze out curls and rings with a thick and wide core (core); combined - can do all of the above.

Gnutik

A machine for bending parts is called by techies simply a bender. But in metalworking at the level of amateurs or private traders, all machines and devices that produce zigzags or waves are called gnutiks. Depending on the roller or wedge, the angle of the zigzag, the height and step of the wave can be changed.

People can make a metal bending machine at home, but it requires special parts that need very precise processing. Therefore, it is better to buy a bender, because its functionality is not limited to waves and zigzags - it often helps in the production of some parts for welded metal structures.

metal patterns

Curling machines - twisters

Requires special machines for each type of bend. For curling products using cold forging, a pattern was previously used - a lever-horn grip.

There are advantages: the speed is much higher than other methods and the manufacture itself is not difficult. And its disadvantages: this method involves the presence of a large physical strength and does not have a high work rate.

Hand forging with such a machine requires a steel strip. The thrust part of this type of lever holds the workpiece in the required position, and specialists can make the bypass horn sliding and with additional fixation - the manufacturing time will increase along with the curling accuracy.

The second type of fixture for cold forging with a bend is also not difficult. This is special durable board with support bolts from M8 to M24. To a much lesser extent depends on physical strength, but it is still required.

The workpiece is bent long time and according to independently created drawings or without them.

This allows you to create whatever your heart desires, for example, epic heroes for fans of Slavic fairy tales or Buddha, if a person is fond of oriental arts.

Snail

The snail for cold forging is a further development of twisters.
Became the most common type due to simple device and extensive possibilities. It's very easy to make your own. Differ high level comfort at work. In fact, these are the same cold forging machines, which have become somewhat more mechanized and improved. These changes made it possible to work with these machines even for beginners in blacksmithing.

Do-it-yourself metal forging using a plowshare:

• first, the snail itself rotates;
• then the part is fixed on the machine using a clamp;
• the roller is pressed against the workpiece by a spring;
• the rotation of the snail occurs clockwise, and is controlled by levers;
• as soon as the twisting is completed, it is necessary to remove the latch, lift the snail and pick up the final product.

The following features of a snail with a plowshare should be highlighted:

• does not need a specially equipped room - the vertical workload is insignificant, and the horizontal one partially affects the support;
• because of this, complex supports are not required - a simple support made of steel profiles, welded together;
• allows single work - the gate can be turned with one hand, and with the other you need to press the workpiece to the pattern. As parts are made, they are automatically put into place;
• allows twisting spirals in a cold way up to five turns.

Drawings of cold forging machines are easy to find on the Internet, along with the necessary specifications and documentation. The share itself requires quality material because it is under high load. In addition to the necessary metal, the plowshare has problems with joints, which should have the following characteristics:

• machine parts must be accurate in order to comply with a given shape;
• working parts must become dead center, creating a stable shape, immediately after external pressure;
• as soon as the load is completed, the parts should self-wedging.
• material and design are required to create a long repetition of the production process.

Compliance with all technical standards is a very laborious process, even on an industrial scale. Another place that needs special attention is the part clamp.

Beginners in practice may not be able to cope with the production of such a forging machine due to lack of experience, so it is better to use lever volutes.

With the help of such a do-it-yourself cold forging snail, it is similar in structure to. A home-made machine seriously lags behind in speed from a snail with a plowshare. Due to the fact that the load is shifted to the support, it requires special durable materials, which, in turn, are securely fixed to the surface. Therefore, the machine needs an equipped workshop or area for production.

Work does not differ in speed: when the lever is jammed, it is necessary to move the pressure roller. Allows curling up to four turns.

It has sensitive pluses for artisanal blacksmiths:

• only the roller requires special materials. The remaining elements allow the use of ordinary steel;
• it is recommended to use a roller bearing for the pressure roller;
• more than a thousand cycles of work provide almost one hundred percent efficiency in the use of parts;
• allows bending on spacers and patterns.

Tricks of the masters

The use of spacers allows you to instantly change the shape of the final design or make bends in reverse side, which the plowshare does not allow for structural reasons.

Does not require high precision in the manufacture of parts.

Fixing the workpiece is as easy as shelling pears - put it in a special recess.

Allows the use of the technique used in the industry - a small bend in the opposite direction in the core of the curl.

Possible use different techniques and bends in forging

Such cold forged products look better and are more expensive.

Additionally, it has a good and convenient advantage - the possibility of making flat bends with a thin core from a workpiece lying flat.

The lever machine allows the installation of a roller for clamping to the height of the strip thickness and the rim is wider than the railway wheel. This method requires painstaking work: the lever must be moved little by little, otherwise it will turn out to be spoiled. inner edge. Unfortunately, this is the only method of making such curls in DIY production.

A lever machine is often built without the use of rare or expensive materials and without accurate circuits.

Masters recommend twisting rods for artistic forging without using machines at all. To prevent the part from bending at the end clamped in a vice under the far end, use a stand with a small cutout at the top where the rod should be fixed.

Rotary machines can speed up work, improve the quality of manufactured elements. Since the load strongly affects the support, the stand must be of increased strength, for example, welded together from one hundred millimeters.

The starting material is held by a square frame. Due to the reduction in the length of the rod, the reliability of the fastening of the frame should be carefully checked. For this tailstock make a sliding look. It implies high quality cold forging of machine tools, otherwise the product will be fragile.

Any tool for cold forging requires careful personal care, timely repair and adjustment. And manual artistic forging does require skill and discipline from the master. All schemes, blacksmith machines and even home-made machines require order and cleanliness.

The functionality of this product will depend only on your efforts spent both at the initial and final stages of work. Therefore, so that later the unit does not have a too narrow range of applications, it is necessary to carefully consider all possible options for its improvement and transfer them to the schemes. Let's try to get acquainted with the rough sketches and work on assembling this product. At the end of the article, you can download detailed drawings of the Snail cold forging machine in the form of an archive.

Tips for developing drawings of a cold forging machine with your own hands with a list of materials

When developing drawings for a do-it-yourself cold forging machine, try to add to it as much as possible more options nozzles that will help increase the number of ways to bend parts. This problem can be solved in several ways:

1. We take a large sheet of metal as a reference canvas and place on it, at a great distance from each other, several different "snails" and other nozzles. The disadvantage of this solution lies in the limited free space. Long parts will be very difficult to turn, it will be necessary to constantly ensure that they do not move out of the nozzles.

2. We develop options for improved nozzles. For example, you can make a going "snail". When completely disassembled, it will have only one curl, when assembled - 3-4 curls or more (if necessary). Each segment will be attached to the previous one and to the very base of the support canvas using metal pins.

the drawing of the cold forging machine described in the article machine described in the article

3. And the most effective option is to develop a product with the ability to change nozzles. So a rectangular slot is made in the canvas, into which nozzles attached to a rectangular sheet of metal will be inserted. Fixation will be carried out to the product stand itself with the help of bolts.

Read our article "Machine for laser cutting metal is a reliable and indispensable assistant in everyday life.

We will consider the simplest model in terms of manufacturing, which, if desired, can be improved. It will only be necessary to make minor changes to the preliminary schemes. To make it, we need the following:

• Welding machine;
• Drill with carbide drills;
• Reciprocating saw or ordinary hacksaw;
• Metal square pipe;
• Metal sheet;
• Round metal pipe;
• metal bars;
• Bearings (large and medium size);
• Bolts with nuts size M8;
• Metal rod.

"Snail" cold forging machine "Snail"

DIY assembly process of a homemade cold forging machine with a non-replaceable nozzle

The process of assembling a homemade cold forging machine with your own hands will look like this:

1. First, the support column is assembled. It consists of four identical cuts of a square pipe. At the bottom, they are connected to each other by four cuts of shorter length, and the same number at the top. In appearance, this design resembles the base of a stool. Cutting is done with a saw, connection - with a welding machine.

2. Next, two circles of equal diameters are cut out of the sheet, as well as four right-angled triangles. Triangular parts are welded to the bottom of the round pipe cut, so that a free edge remains on top. It looks like a kind of pyramid. wide base we apply the part to the center of the circle and weld it.

3. The circle with the welded part is attached to the four upper horizontal bars with bolts. Holes are drilled with a drill.

4. Next, we make the handle of the product. This requires a long cut of the rod and cutting from a sheet of metal. The first cut is a little larger diameter circle, the second is equal to it. The end of the first must be bent at an angle of 30 °, the bent edge is connected to the edge of the second cut by welding a jumper from a piece of rod. A little lower, another piece of the rod is welded. We weld a long handle to the side of the jumper so that one of its edges comes out towards the structure from the cuts.

5. Guide bearings are put on and fixed on the short end of the handle and on the cut welded from below. On the cut located on top, we mount a thick metal coil in a horizontal position, which will play the role of a bending element. At the free end of the lower cut, we make a hole with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pipe.

6. We put on through drilled hole the assembled handle on the peak (with already threaded) "pyramids". From above we twist a wide nut with a small circle welded on, the upper circle will be superimposed on it. We weld the finished “snail” to the center of the uppermost circle.

All exact dimensions of the product are calculated independently. We make calculations based on your needs. We designate the parameters of the product at the stage of development of draft schemes. You can download the drawings of the Snail cold forging machine here.

papamaster.su

Cold forging machines

According to the common (but, alas, technically illiterate) expression "cold forging" (from the English cool forging), equipment designed to perform such plastic deformation processes includes devices that perform such operations as volumetric bending, twisting, flattening, etc. P. This is especially often necessary when working on the manufacture of elements of artistic forging of metal - spirals, volutes, snails, monograms, etc., which do not require subsequent connection to each other.

Twisting (torsion) machine

Compiling the terms of reference for a cold forging machine

The initial data for the design (if none of the options for the finished drawings of this equipment and fixtures suits you) are:

1. The limiting cross-sectional area of ​​the original blanks (for example, it is very difficult to manually process a steel bar with a cross-sectional size of more than 12 - 16 mm).
2. Technical capabilities - in order to make the main parts of the required equipment yourself.
3. A list of forging operations - bending, upsetting, upsetting - that must be performed for subsequent artistic processing of metal.
4. The degree of complexity of the tool and fixtures that will make the required cold forging machine universal.
5. The need for a drive (a manual cold forging machine is much easier to make than with an electric drive).

In order to carry out most of the operations for the manufacture of the necessary equipment yourself, the drawings should provide for the largest possible percentage of blanks and assemblies that require normalized rolled metal - channel, angle, thick strip, etc.

Types of home-made equipment and tools for plastic metal processing

It is quite difficult to make a completely unified cold forging machine with your own hands. But it is possible to provide in the drawings for the presence of interchangeable nodes, the fastening of which will be carried out on a common frame base. The most requested tools include:

• Twister - a device that performs spiral twisting of a part of a steel rod in the direction of its longitudinal axis;
• Gnutik - a device that bends workpieces from profiled rolled metal to the required angle (including the implementation of spatial bending elements on metal);
• Snail - a node that performs spiral twisting of a part of the workpiece with a constantly decreasing radius;
• A template is a tool with which a circle of the required diameter is made from a bar on a cold forging machine;
• Core - a tool for applying volumetric embossing on metal, as well as stamped impressions on flat surfaces.

A set of such equipment actually makes it possible to perform the vast majority of work on volumetric deformation of steels and non-ferrous alloys using cold forging machines.

The capabilities of the machine with a manual drive will allow volumetric deformation of mainly highly ductile metals and alloys - low-carbon steel, some brands of brass, copper, aluminum. From such elements it is possible to make details of forged railings, fences, stands, arbors.

Cold forging machine design steps and preparatory procedures

To make a cold forging machine, you will need the following drawings:

• Drawing of the frame base of the bed for the installation of the unit;
• Assembly drawings for each necessary fixtures;
• Drawings of interchangeable parts of the machine.

As a working tool and starting materials for manufacturing, you need:

• Plate steel (or strip) from medium-carbon steel grade not lower than steel 35;
• Thick-walled pipe of square cross-section;
• portable cutting machine or grinder;
• Tool for working with fasteners (wrench, pliers);
• Domestic welding machine;
• Frazier;
• Manual bending unit;
• Measuring and marking tool (square, caliper, caliper).

Before production individual elements cold forging machine, it is useful to perform all the intended actions on the drawing, drawing all the main movements of the individual components and parts that make up the cold forging machine. It is especially useful to do this before making a replaceable working tool (for a snail, a core, a bend). It is also worth considering the possibility of using standard components: for example, a bench vice, or a caliper from a small decommissioned lathe.

To ensure high quality finished products the roughness parameters of the tool must be one grade higher than the products that will be made on it. Therefore, after the production of welding operations, cuts, etc., the working finishing surfaces must be carefully sanded. When all the necessary components of the cold forging machine are made, it is useful to heat-treat the working replaceable tools. Hardening to a hardness of 40…45 HRC will significantly increase the durability of the fixtures used. It is worth recalling that after hardening the products are somewhat warped, and therefore need subsequent editing. However, it is better to order hardening and tempering transitions in specialized companies that have necessary equipment.

How to make and assemble individual machine components and tools for it

An example is given step-by-step instruction to obtain a device "Twister", which is intended for uniaxial longitudinal twisting of a steel billet from a bar of square cross section. Similarly, and in the same sequence, operations will be performed with respect to other parts of the cold forging machine - snail, core, template, bend, etc.

The reference workpiece for this device should be an I-beam or a channel with thick shelves. A wide thick-sheet strip is attached to it by welding, to which a bench vise can be attached. The fixed part of the twisted bar will be clamped in them. The vice should be fixed especially securely - with a minimum of four bolts with a diameter of M16 or more. To increase the clamping area of ​​the rod, corrugated plates of thick steel are welded to the vise jaws. From the opposite end of the I-beam, guide rollers are installed, to which a clamping unit for the moving part of the workpiece will be subsequently attached. It can be made from a steel sleeve, along the generatrix of which it is necessary to provide three holes for clamping bolts located at an angle of 120 ° with a diameter of 2 ... 3 mm smaller than the side of the square of the twisted element. The bolts must be hardened, made of quality steel, and also have a flat end. Both clamping devices must be located coaxially, which is checked using a level, bench square, caliper.

Next, a handle is made for turning the movable part of the clamp. The lever under it must be provided as long as possible - thus the value of the applied force will decrease. At the same time, the length of the lever should be comfortable for the user. It is better to choose the handle itself from the standard ones, and preferably with a rubber bushing - to exclude the probable slippage of the operator's hand for cold forging when performing the corresponding plastic deformation transition on it.

After assembling the cold forging machine, it is checked for the reliability of the movement of moving elements, as well as for the accuracy of the production of operations for plastic deformation of the metal. After that, you can make the final attachment of the device to the support frame.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter.

stankiexpert.ru

How to make a cold forging machine. Cold forging machines: purpose, types, manufacture

Metal constructions are very popular in the arrangement of private houses and apartments. Curved products bring an extraordinary flavor to the interior and landscape design and allow you to create a very attractive art picture. Many owners of their own cottages strive to make them unique, and stamped parts are not suitable for this purpose. Universal and special tools from manufacturers are quite expensive. Therefore, a pertinent question arises: how to make a cold forging machine with your own hands from improvised materials.

Why do you need a cold forging tool?

The cold forging process is much easier and safer than hot forging. First of all, due to the fact that metal incandescence is not required and strict adherence to temperature regime throughout the work.

A home-made cold forging machine can be universal or designed for the manufacture of parts of a certain format. Regardless of which option suits you best, a do-it-yourself tool will solve several problems:

What can be done on a cold forging machine?

For artistic cold forging, soft metals are most often used - these are:

The range of possible products from forged metal does not have any restrictions - it all depends on your personal imagination and capabilities. Most often, openwork details are used for:

• organization of stairs;
• assembly of fences and fences;
• barbecue installations;
• decoration of fireplaces;
• creating individual decorative elements- flower stands, wall decorations, etc.

What are cold forging machines?

There are a lot of varieties of cold forging machines:

How to make a do-it-yourself cold forging machine?

To date, there are many design solutions for the manufacture of a home-made cold forging machine. Home craftsmen use the most unexpected tools and equipment to remake under right tool. In this article below you will find drawings of the most popular options for tools for hand forging metal and detailed instructions assemblies.

Drawings of machines for cold forging

How to make a whole snail machine at home?

Very often when assembling any openwork designs spiral elements are used from metal. It is for the manufacture of such parts of the same size that this machine is suitable.

Tools

To get the job done, prepare:

• sheet steel;
• steel strips;
• bars;
• profile pipe;
• grinder;
• welding machine;
• emery;
• roulette;
• marker;
• pliers;
• paper and pencil.

Whole machine assembly instructions

To get a reliable tool with suitable parameters as a result of your work, proceed as follows:

Video

As a result of the work performed, you will get such a cold forging machine, as in the video below. There you can visually view the sequence of your actions during assembly.

How to make a type-setting snail machine?

The basis of the design of the type-setting snail is not much different from the previous machine. You will also need to cut out a base plate from a steel sheet, on which type-setting parts will be attached in the future. Then do the following:

Video

When finished, your snail will look like this.

How to make a torsion bar?

For such a cold forging tool, prepare:

• sheet steel;
• vise;
• grinder;
• fasteners - nuts with bolts;
• reduction gear;
• electric motor;
• chain;
• welding machine;
• I-beam

To quickly assemble the machine, follow the following sequence of actions:

Video

This video clearly shows the design of the torsion bar to the assembled form and the principle of operation on such a machine. Please read it carefully to make your job easier.

Conclusion

As you have already seen, if you have elementary skills in working with tools and a clear development of a preliminary drawing of the machine, it is not difficult to assemble it. Set the target correctly, select the appropriate type of construction and mount the instrument in sequence. In this case, you are guaranteed a high-quality result - you can easily make all the openwork metal details to decorate your home.

How to make a cold forging machine

• 0.00 / 5 5
• 1 / 5
• 2 / 5
• 3 / 5
• 4 / 5
• 5 / 5

recn.ru

Homemade machines and fixtures for cold forging

For the manufacture of forged products, two methods are used - cold and hot working. The first method is characterized by low labor intensity, but requires the presence of a special tool. In most cases, you can make a cold forging machine with your own hands, guided by standard drawings.

Principles of cold forging of metals

Homemade cold forging machine

For the production of metal forged products, it is necessary to ensure the process of their controlled deformation. In this case, one should take into account the structure of the material, its technical and operational properties.

The principle of cold forging is based on the impact external factors on the crystal lattice of the material. It is made up of grains. irregular shape. As a result of the distortion of the structure, which is performed by the cold forging machine, there is a compaction and a change in the configuration of the workpiece. Since one of the conditions is the preservation of the properties of the part, it is necessary to select drawings for the production of machine tools.

Features of cold forging metal, requirements for fixtures for this:

• it is possible to process only low-carbon steels, which have a high degree of ductility;
• bars of various sections are used as blanks;
• preliminary calculation of the dimensions of the final products. In the process of their production, constant monitoring of geometric parameters is necessary;
• use of various machines to form the desired configuration.

Currently, a number of special tools are used for the artistic processing of metals by cold forging. Some of them you can do yourself. But for this it is necessary to first study the drawings and the specifics of production.

Forged products can perform several functions at the same time - aesthetic and operational. This applies to barrier structures of various configurations, for example, a wave.

Snail for cold forging

Drawing of a snail for cold forging

The most common and in demand are home-made snail-type cold forging machines. With their help, spiral blanks are formed. The design of the equipment allows you to make it yourself.

The drawing of the "snail" machine can be adapted for the production of a specific type of artistic forging product. To do this, you need to know the following parameters:

• minimum and maximum radius of curvature of the workpiece;
• geometric parameters and shape of the source material;
• planned performance.

For mass production, it is necessary to make an electric forging machine. If you plan to work at home - suitable manual models.

As a basis for the design of the volute, it is necessary to use a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm. This will allow you to bend large cross-section bars.

Bending for cold forging

Bending for cold forging

For the formation various angles a manual bender is needed - one of the most required devices for cold forging metal. It consists of a steel plate on which there are two support shafts and a moving stop.

The workpiece is placed between the support shafts and the wedge. The latter has a displacement mechanism towards the stops. As a result of this action, bad things happen. steel bar processing. In this way it is possible to make Forged Products various shapes.

Features of the use of a bender, necessary for the correct drawing up of its drawing:

• preliminary calculation of the deformation angle;
• an additional bending part can be provided in the design. To do this, install another rotating shaft;
• table mounting bracket.

It is necessary to use tool steel for the production of bending. This is due to the high loads during operation. Additionally, you can collect elements of the "wave" type on it, but for this you need to upgrade the original drawing.

Minimum and maximum bending radius for thin. forging must be calculated based on the geometric parameters of the workpiece.

Twister for cold forging

Twister scheme for artistic forging

It is difficult to imagine modern artistic forging without screw-shaped elements. For the production of such thin. parts is designed twister - a home-made machine for cold forging.

A feature of this tool is the unwinding of the twig along the axis. Structurally, the drawing of the machine consists of two parts - fixing and movable. The part is attached between them and its information is performed with the help of a rotary knob.

Performance features of the device:

• calculation of the pressure lever to minimize the efforts for the production of blanks;
• the ability to change the distance between the fixing elements of the tool. This will allow you to make parts of various lengths;
• it should be taken into account that the formation of the spiral occurs from the side of fixation.

Thanks to the twister, it is possible to make forged elements for window bars, steel barriers, etc.

This is the main list of cold forging machines. But besides them, various equipment is used, designed to create a truly thin. products.

The video shows examples of machines for cold forging metals at home: