Chimneys always go to the roof. If the junction of the soft roof to the chimney is not processed correctly, leaks begin here, and in the worst case, installation errors can lead to fire.
How should the chimney be laid to eliminate the possibility of leaks and fire?
Variants of a chimney in a soft roof
Soft roof can be flat and pitched. The pipe itself is metal, brick, ceramic, square or round.
The passage of the chimney through the soft roof of a flat roof
The base is a concrete slab. We derive a rectangular chimney:
- Remove all layers of the cake to concrete in a rectangular area with dimensions equal to the cross section of the pipe + a margin of 15 cm.
- Install formwork around the perimeter.
- Make a 15 cm high concrete rim. Wait for setting.
- Get the roofing on the walls.
- Install a metal strip on the connection of the roofing material with the side, strengthen with dowels through the coating.
- Install an ebb with a dropper on the side.
If the pipe is brick, do not make a side:
1. Bring the material to the walls.
2. Put a metal apron on top.
3. They make a strobe one and a half centimeters deep in the wall (in a brick, not in a seam!), Lead the edge of the apron into it.
4. Fill with sealant.
Connection to the chimney of a soft roof on a pitched roof
In this case, you must first install the flange, which will take on the load of the crate, because. in this area it is carved. For the manufacture of the flange, you can use a three-millimeter sheet of steel, to which stiffeners should be welded.
1. Release a strip of about four centimeters around the pipe.
2. Lay a basalt wool pad along the walls.
3. For sealing round pipes the material kit often includes a metal round flange with a rubber / silicone corrugation. If not, can be purchased separately. The flange is put on the pipe, coated with sealant and fixed with self-tapping screws to the crate.
note
There are different modifications of round flanges. Some need to be attached to the pipe with clamps. In other cases, the element is attached to the pipe and roof and fastened with screws. Sometimes an additional apron is installed: the upper element is placed with an overlap on the lower one without fixing to each other.The flange is selected according to the diameter of the chimney and the slope of the slope. There are adjustable models.
If the pipe is rectangular, a four-piece metal apron is used.
1. top bar lead under the coating and fix to the pipe.
2. The rest are placed on top of the coating.
3. A tie is brought under the front bar - wide a metal sheet with sides.
4. Strobes are made on brick pipes, into which the upper cut of the apron is inserted. On the rest, the apron is placed on rubber seals.
5. The seams are filled with sealant.
Our work
How to cut a roof from a soft roof under a chimney
The passage through the roof structure also has its own nuances.
note
On pitched roofs the pipe is recommended to be installed closer to the ridge. The higher it is set, the better the traction. They don’t put it directly on the skate, because. removing part of the ridge beam will weaken the structure.The excess of the chimney over the ridge is half a meter. Do not put pipes close to valleys and skylights.
Procedure (for a round metal pipe):
1. Measure from the rafter a distance equal to the width of the chimney + half a meter, and install an additional rafter leg.
2. Using a plumb line, project the rafter onto attic floor. A plumb line is attached at the junction of the rafters with the ridge.
3. Measure from this point one and a half meters towards the slope. Project a new mark onto the rafter. This is where the axis of the chimney will pass.
4. Measure on the ceiling from the axis a distance equal to the radius of the chimney + 25 cm. Also project this point upward.
5. At the last mark, install a timber of the same section perpendicular to the rafter legs as that of the rafters.
6. In the same way, install another beam down the slope to get a rectangular frame - a chimney box.
7. Drill four through holes in the corners of the frame. Using these holes from the side of the roof, outline the outline of the rectangle to be cut.
8. At the designated area, the roofing pie is dismantled: the insulation and the crate are removed, the roofing is turned outward, the vapor barrier is inward and attached to the box with a stapler.
Step-by-step instructions for carrying out the work of passing chimney pipes through floor slabs and roof construction - knowledge that will be useful to any man who decides to do the work with his own hands. The work is not easy and requires care and responsibility, because the safety of your home and its protection from fires depend on the quality.
General rules and seat selection
How to pass the furnace pipe through wooden ceiling- this must be done so that there are no troubles, as in the photo. The main task preparatory phase- determination of the place of installation of the furnace and the chimney to the street. Depending on the materials of the floor slabs and chimney pipes, it will be necessary to perform work taking into account several dimensions:
Chimney outlet schemes through the ceiling and roof
1st floor
pass chimney through the ceiling of the 1st floor it is equipped with a metal box filled with a layer of thermal insulation. To do this, you can use expanded clay backfill, filling the cavities with mineral wool. For non-residential premises, the use of asbestos slabs is allowed.
Installation diagram of the chimney through the ceiling with access to the roof (one-story house)
2 or more floors
When passing through slabs of the 2nd and subsequent floors, a situation may arise when the chimney cannot be installed vertically. Builders could move partitions or install a beam in the floor structure.
Therefore, in order not to take risks, when arranging chimneys in a multi-storey building, it is better to use a house ventilation system. If you make a horizontal indent, possible condensate will collect in this place and a thick layer of soot will be deposited on the walls. And it will be difficult to clean the chimney through the turns.
Scheme of installing a furnace chimney in a 2-story house
Scheme with a description of all elements
The output of the chimney through the ceiling
The choice of design and materials depends on the type of chimney. Let us analyze the rules for organizing work for the main materials of pipelines in detail.
round metal
The whole process is divided into several stages:
Stages of work on the removal of a steel chimney through the ceiling
brick chimney
Everything is much more complicated here:
The scheme of the output of a brick chimney through the ceiling and the roof of the house
Passage through the roof
The passage of the chimney through the roof is carried out by analogy with floor slabs. The only addition is to provide a reliable layer of waterproofing to prevent water from leaking at the exit of the chimney.
The passage of a brick pipe through the roof
Bricks for rooftop stoves are ceramic, red, of high quality and brand. Here it is influenced not only heat gases, but also aggressive conditions of outside temperature, wind and precipitation.
After crossing with the floor slab, we lay out the pipe to the point of exit through the roof structure:
- we mark and carefully cut out the cavity of the chimney passage, make a size with a margin for the insulation layer;
- we equip the passageway with a metal box with a cavity for the passage of the pipe. The upper cut must be made taking into account the angle of the roof, and is set slightly recessed inward;
- after the chimney exits, we fill the entire space with a layer of thermal insulation, seal all the slightest voids with sealant;
- we start a layer of waterproofing under the surface of the roof structure. Then we put on a steel apron or a rubber sleeve on top. The edges are carefully sealed with sealant.
The main material of the roof covering is laid on top, and the pipe is driven out to right size. An “otter” is laid out at the top and a protective visor is installed. It is not difficult to bring the chimney through the roof if there is good tool and skills to perform brick and plumbing work.
The passage of a round pipe through the roof
The passage of the chimney through the roof, if the chimney is made of steel, ceramic or asbestos pipes, is carried out in the same way as with brick chimney(instruction above).
If it is necessary to install a high pipe, it is fastened with steel braces to special anchors embedded in the roof structure.
How to correctly lead the chimney through the roof slope?
The exit point of the smoke channel through the roof is a complex structural unit. What are the requirements for its implementation, as well as for the height and location of the part of the pipe protruding above the roof?
Let's trust the experts
Determining the height of the chimney relative to the roof ridge
As for the height of the chimney, the regulatory document (SNiP "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning") states that at a distance of no more than 1.5 m from the ridge, the pipe should rise above it by at least 50 cm; at 1.5–3 m - be not lower than the ridge, and at a distance of more than 3 m - not lower than the line drawn from the ridge at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon. But there are no clear regulations regarding the location of the chimney on the roof. What do experts say about this?
The basic postulate: the closer the pipe to the ridge, the better. In this case, the pipe head (that is, that part of it that protrudes above the roof, which means it is in the cold zone) will be very small; thus, the likelihood of condensation in the chimney in winter is reduced. The condensate containing aggressive substances that falls inside, at the very mouth or on the protective and decorative umbrella of the pipe, is by no means harmless. It can cause poor draft in the fireplace or boiler, damage finishing material head and roof and even reduce the life of the chimney.
When placing the pipe at a great distance from the ridge, in particular in the area of the cornice overhang, it must be taken into account that it will experience increased loads during an avalanche of snow from the roof. To protect the chimney from damage, it is imperative to mount a snow retention system on the slope
Many are of the opinion that the chimney should generally be brought to the ridge line. This facilitates the installation of the junction at the exit of the pipe, and also, since snow will not accumulate here, it practically eliminates the occurrence of leaks. However, such a solution may not always be possible. Firstly, you will need a rafter system where there is no load-bearing ridge beam, or creating a gap in the beam for the chimney and reinforcing it with supports, which is problematic in the case of mansard roof. And secondly, accessories for the output of the pipe through the ridge are produced only for channels of square or rectangular section.
What roofers categorically do not recommend doing is to display chimney in the valley. The implementation of the junction here is very difficult, and leaks are almost inevitable, because rainwater will pour onto the pipe from two slopes at once, and in winter a whole snowdrift will grow here. In addition, it will be necessary to seriously complicate the roof truss structure.
Chimney outlet through the insulated roof
Chimney passage through the roof
As you know, the layers of vapor and waterproofing that protect the insulation in the "pie" of the mansard roof must be continuous throughout the roof. In addition, the polymer films used for this purpose are combustible. The question arises: how to comply with the fire safety SNiP requirements, which state that there should be a distance of at least 13–25 cm between the outer walls of the chimney and roof elements made of combustible materials (depending on the type of pipe)?
Experts propose to turn the section of the roof hugging the chimney into a separate zone: on the sides of the pipe - with the help of rafter legs, and above and below it - with the help of transverse beams. Thus, a kind of box is created, the dimensions of which are determined on the basis of SNiP. The volume of the box is filled with high-density stone wool, it is a non-combustible insulation, moreover, it can do without steam and hydro protection.
The adjunction of the insulating films of the “pie” to the box is performed traditionally: they are cut crosswise, the edges are brought to the rafters or cross beams and fastened with nails (staples). Joints are sealed special tapes or adhesives.
So that the chimney does not “pierce” the supporting rafter or fall into the valley area, its location must be clearly defined at the design stage of the building
Opening for chimney
There is another approach to the problem. Since the outer walls of modern multilayer chimneys, as a rule, do not heat up more than 60 ° C in the exit zone through the roof, nothing threatens the films, and therefore, they can be brought directly to the pipe, fixing with adhesive tape. At the same time, a groove made of stainless steel (or made from the same film) must be installed in the waterproofing layer above the pipe to remove moisture that has fallen under the roof.
Important! When making a choice in favor of a chimney with a heat-insulating layer, it should be taken into account that the temperature of its outer surface at the point of exit to the roof is affected by whole line factors: pipe height, type of heating equipment, thickness of the thermal insulation layer, etc.
Conclusion steel pipe through the cornice overhang of the insulated roof has a certain advantage. Since there are no steam, hydro and heat insulating layers in the overhang design, there are thus no problems with the smoke channel wiring through the roofing "pie" while ensuring the continuity of all layers and guaranteeing fire safety.
It will also significantly simplify the task of bringing the pipe through a U-shaped cutout in the cornice overhang, which excludes the very presence of an junction with the roofing. True, in this case it will be necessary to provide for an additional drain in the cutout area.
However, it must be borne in mind that, being removed from the ridge, the chimney will turn out to be quite high and will experience serious wind loads. And therefore, to strengthen it, you will need a stretching system, for which you will also have to provide a sealed passage through the roof.
Attachment to roofing
Conclusion of a ceramic chimney to the roof
The main thing with its device is to ensure the removal of water from here, flowing down the walls of the head and along the slope of the roof, for which an apron is provided around the pipe. For chimneys of rectangular or square section, it is created using accessories for roofing. When ceramic roofs and cement-sand tiles plastic self-adhesive tapes (lead, aluminum) are used, which are glued with one edge to the pipe, and with the other - to the roof. To prevent water from leaking under the tape, its upper edge is closed with a metal bar of a curved profile, fixed with heat-resistant dowels and the joint is treated with roofing sealant.
On shingle roofs the apron is usually formed from a valley carpet or ordinary tiles laid with a call to the pipe, and on metal-tiled it is made from smooth sheets of the same material.
When making the junction on the side of the chimney that is higher along the slope, the apron must be brought under the roofing. Thus, the overlying roof element will cover it with an overlap, which will eliminate the possibility of leaks.
razuklonka
If width rear wall the chimney (that is, facing the ridge) is more than 80 cm, then behind the pipe you have to arrange a ramp, or, in other words, a groove - a small pitched structure, which is a fracture of the roof, which will dilute water flows on the sides and prevent the snow mass from accumulating here .
Creating a ramp is no easy task. After all, two short valleys appear in this zone, requiring the same high-quality performance as the “real” ones.
A wide chimney creates another difficulty: making it difficult to ventilate the under-roof space, it makes necessary installation on the roof of special ventilation elements - aerators, etc.
Elements of a steel modular chimney
Manufacturers of round chimneys (three-layer insulated structures in a stainless steel shell) produce ready-made elements that ensure the tightness of the junction of the pipe to the roof. These are the so-called passages consisting of a steel sole and an apron-cap fixed on it. In order to prevent their damage during temperature deformations of the pipe, the passages are rigidly fixed only to the roof, and a “skirt” is put on the joint of the cap with the pipe - a steel collar with an elastic heat-resistant gasket that does not allow water to penetrate under the apron.
The passage element built into the roof is sealed with pieces of heat-resistant plastic tape (based on lead or aluminum) or framed with a special lead detail, giving it a roof relief profile. Please note: the upper edge of the sole must be brought under the coating, and the lower one must overlap it.
Sometimes, in order to increase the tightness of the metal penetration, the steel sheet of the sole is mounted on top of the roof, bringing it directly under the ridge element. From the point of view of protection against leaks, the solution is reliable, but not aesthetically pleasing.
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How to install and bring the chimney pipe through the roof, to what height
Heating appliances are a necessary attribute of any residential building, providing comfortable temperature for life during the cold period, which in most regions of Russia lasts 9 months. However, additional comfort comes with a certain degree of fire risk. Therefore, special attention is paid to the chimney, through which smoke and combustion products are removed from the heat generators and removed to the outside of the room. This article will tell you how to bring the chimney through the roof in compliance with all safety requirements.
The consequences of poor installation
As a rule, in the work of a stove-maker or installer gas equipment chimney installation services are not included; the homeowner must provide the passage of the chimney through the roof on his own. The imaginary simplicity of the task makes home craftsmen refuse the services of professional roofers. However, poor-quality output of the pipe to the roof threatens with serious consequences:
- Through a leaky passage of the pipe, moisture seeps into the masonry, gradually destroying the brick chimney.
- Increased humidity inside the chimney pipe stimulates the spread of molds and fungus. Spores of some types of fungus are dangerous for the human condition, so it is not safe to use an infected tube. In advanced cases, both the chimney and the stove masonry are subject to replacement.
- The penetration of water into the passage of the chimney pipe through the roof reduces the thermal insulation properties of the insulation by half. Moreover, after the thermal insulation layer has dried, its characteristics will never return to the previous level.
- Even the truss system suffers from poor-quality removal of the pipe through the roof, since moisture penetrating into it through a leaky passage leads to decay and destruction.
- Slots near the pipe passage disrupt the normal air circulation inside the attic, leading to increased energy losses and heating costs.
By the way, not only stove chimneys are brought to the roof, but pipes from gas boilers and ventilation outlets are also placed there, for the installation of which they use the same methods.
The choice of the location of the chimney outlet and its height
The first condition for a high-quality outlet of the pipe through the roof is the correct placement of the chimney on the roof. The functioning of the entire heating system depends on this factor, therefore, in order to avoid errors, installation is carried out in accordance with construction and fire safety requirements:
- Chimney pipes are located in the immediate vicinity of the high place roofs, at a distance of 1-1.5 m.
- The recommended height of the chimney relative to the roof ridge to ensure normal stove draft is 0.5-1.5 m.
- The greater the height of the chimney, the greater the traction force in the furnace or gas boiler it provides.
- The lower the chimney is located on the slope, the longer it must be in order for the recommended height of the chimney above the roof to meet the recommendations.
- Parameters such as the height of the chimney, the diameter of the section are selected according to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the thermogenerating device or on the basis of a calculation.
- The chimney consists mainly of vertical sections of pipes, the length of horizontal segments should not exceed 1 m.
- The output place is placed between the elements truss system so as not to compromise its integrity.
The main difficulty in passing the pipe through the roof is that during the passage of smoke, the temperature of the walls rises, which poses a risk of ignition of combustible materials of the truss system.
Elastic penetration
Most often, in private construction, they are faced with the installation of metal pipes of circular cross section. To ensure the tightness of the passage, use a special device - an elastic penetration. This product is made of high-strength silicone or rubber, having the shape of a funnel with a wide flange in the form of a square or circle, called an apron. Elastic penetration, due to its properties, takes any shape, adjusting to the angle of inclination of the slope. It withstands extreme high or low temperatures, exposure to harsh chemicals and has a wide palette.
When purchasing an elastic penetration, they are guided by the pipe diameter and color roofing material. Universal models, in the form of a stepped pyramid, suitable for any size, adjustment is carried out by trimming the penetration to right level. Installing an elastic apron on the roof is very simple, you need to put it on the chimney passage, apply a metal circle with holes for fasteners, process the joint with a fire-resistant sealant and fix it with a screwdriver. For roofs with steep slopes, a special type of plastic penetrations is used with a given flange mounting angle.
Metal spigot
IN construction stores you can find another type of penetrations for round pipes - a metal passage pipe. It is used to pass the chimney through a roof that does not have a relief. The prefabricated alloy steel spigots have a standard roof angle, which is matched to the roof slope. To complete the installation, you must:
Cut a suitable hole in the roof. To do this, using a marker, markings are applied to the surface of the roof. Depending on the roofing material, cutting is performed with a grinder or sharp scissors, stepping back 1-2 cm inside the circle.
- Remove the waterproofing and thermal insulation material from the hole made, freeing the passage for the chimney. If necessary, remove the elements of the crate by carefully sawing them off.
- Fasten the sheet from the underside of the roof fire resistant material with a hole of the required diameter of such an area that there is a margin of 15-20 cm on each side of the chimney.
- Push the pipe module into the hole, dock it with the laid chimney, tightening the junction with a clamp.
- Put the outlet pipe on the pipe, fixing it on the slope surface with fire-resistant sealant and self-tapping screws with a rubber cap.
- Attach the pipe with new segments so that the height of the chimney reaches 0.5-1.5 m above the level of the ridge.
Some craftsmen prefer to use a different method - they pre-solder the chimney pipe into the passage pipe, cover it with thermally insulating material, for example, stone wool, and only then this design is mounted in the passage.
Conclusion of rectangular and square pipes
The chimney of stoves and fireplaces made of bricks is most often square or rectangular, so other methods are used to bring it to the roof. This task is for an experienced kiln master, and not a home craftsman, because a special masonry technique is used in the process. When the chimney approaches the roof, a hole of the appropriate size is cut out in it with an allowance of 2-5 cm, through which the stove-maker leads the pipe to the roof. Although heat-resistant brick perfectly retains heat inside the pipe, asbestos sheets are chipped from the inside of the passage to protect the rafters from fire.
A soft waterproofing tape on a lead or aluminum base is attached to a brick pipe using a metal profile, the lower edge of which is fixed to the roof with a sealant. After that, the unsightly waterproofing is closed with a special decorative apron. It consists of four additional parts and is installed under the roofing material, making the passage neat and well protected.
Output box installation
The roofing device consists of layers of several materials, the refractory qualities of which are expressed in different ways. While most roofing materials are non-flammable and non-combustible, truss systems traditionally made from timber do not. In order to safely lead the chimney through any material, a passage box is mounted:
- First of all, a box is purchased or made from a refractory material, for example, metal or asbestos. The size of the box is selected in accordance with the cross section of the pipe, so that there is at least 15 cm between their walls.
- After making the hole, a box is installed in it, the upper edge is aligned with the level of the roof slope.
- The chimney is led out through the hole in the duct. The edges of the waterproofing film and vapor barrier are glued to the pipe using a fire-resistant sealant and reinforced tape.
- Expanded clay is poured inside the box or stone wool is laid to insulate the chimney. Thermal insulating materials are placed taking into account the fact that they should not impede air circulation.
- Outside, the chimney pipe, depending on the shape and roofing material, is finished with an elastic penetration, a decorative apron or a metal pipe.
A well-made chimney outlet does not spoil the appearance of the roof, does not allow moisture to pass through and is safe from the point of view of fire safety standards. Observe the right technology passing tubes through ceilings to protect yourself and your property.
Video instruction
How to properly install a chimney through the roof
Heating appliances are an indispensable element of every residential building. They are designed to provide a comfortable room temperature for living in the cold seasons. In the regions of Russia, this period averages 6 months, in some places - up to 10 or more. Getting additional comfort is associated with a certain risk of fire.
For this reason, increased attention must be paid to chimneys that bring smoke and combustion products from heating devices outside the premises. This article will look at how to bring the chimney through the roof safely and according to all modern rules and regulations.
The chimney is used in devices where heat is generated by burning various fuels. This fuel is wood, coal, gas or other combustible substances. The removal of combustion products through the pipe through the roof is regulated by the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003. Some points are considered partially obsolete, but most supervisory services rely on this document. Therefore, the requirements and standards contained in it are binding.
What can a bad installation lead to?
Often, the list of works of a master stove-maker or installer of a gas or electric heating boiler does not include work on arranging a chimney. It is understood that the passage of the chimney through the roof is laid at the construction stage, or the homeowner will mount the chimney on his own. The apparent simplicity of such work provokes the owners to refuse to use professional roofers. They do not think about what serious negative consequences a poor-quality outlet of the chimney to the roof can lead to. Frequently occurring problems:
Not only chimneys from stoves, fireplaces and other solid fuel devices are raised above the roof. Exhaust pipes from gas heaters and ventilation pipes. When installing them, exactly the same methods are used as for chimneys.
The height of the pipe and the place of its passage in the roof
The chimney on the roof can only be placed correctly if the pipe outlet through the roof is chosen correctly. This factor can affect the correct functioning of the heating system. To prevent errors during installation, it is necessary to be guided by existing fire safety requirements, as well as building regulations and regulations. The main points of arrangement:
The main problem with arranging a pipe through a roof lies in the fact that when smoke or combustion products pass through, the temperature of the structure rises, and this can lead to the ignition of the materials from which the elements of the roof or truss system are made.
Flexible passage for round chimney
Usually, in private residential construction, one has to deal with the arrangement of smoke exhaust and ventilation pipes round section. How can a chimney be installed through the roof elements, in order to also ensure the sealing of the passage? For this, a special design is used - an elastic passage element of the roof. This product is made of special durable silicone or rubber. Shaped like a funnel wide brim round or square shape. These fields are called an apron. The elastic passage element, due to the flexibility of the material, can take any configuration. This allows it to be used on roofs with any angle of slope and any final coatings. The material from which it is made must withstand the highest possible low and high temperatures, as well as be resistant to the external environment. Elastic penetrations are available in various colors and configurations.
When choosing which penetration to purchase, you need to focus on the diameter of the chimney and color finish coat roofs. Universal products are produced, similar to a stepped pyramid, they are suitable for any pipe diameter. The size is adjusted with scissors, which cut the penetration to the required level.
Installation of an elastic apron on the roof is quite simple. To do this, it is necessary to attach it to the chimney passage, press it from above with a metal circle, in which holes for self-tapping screws are provided, apply fire-resistant sealant to the place of contact with the roof and screw it on with a screwdriver or screwdriver.
For roofs with extremely steep angles, it is necessary to use a special type of penetrations with a fixed angle of mounting the clamping flange.
Rigid metal spigot
For the arrangement of chimneys, you can use another type of passage products for pipes of a round configuration - a passage pipe made of metal. It is used in cases where it is necessary to equip the passage of the chimney pipe through the roof without relief. Such finished goods from galvanized or painted steel are made under a fixed angle of the roof slope.
To purchase, you need to measure this angle at your roof. The installation of such a product is carried out in the following order:
In some cases, it is recommended to use a different method. Its essence is that it is necessary to pre-make a chimney pipe in the passage box, cover it with a special insulating material, for example, basalt wool, and after that the whole structure is laid in the roof.
Arrangement of rectangular chimneys
When the laying of the chimney pipe approaches the roof, it is necessary to cut a hole of the estimated size in it with a tolerance of about 6 cm. With the help of it, the pipe will be removed above the roof. Despite the fact that heat-resistant brick perfectly retains heat inside the chimney, this pipe must be lined with asbestos sheets from the outside. This measure will protect the rafters from exposure to high temperatures.
On the protruding part of the brick pipe metal profile the waterproofing is fixed on an aluminum substrate, and its lower edge is fixed to the roof with a sealant. Further, the ugly waterproofing of the chimney on the roof is covered with a special decorative apron. It consists of four parts and is mounted on the roof, making the transition aesthetic and protected from influences.
Properly equipped pipe outlet will not spoil the appearance of the roof, will not allow moisture to penetrate and is completely safe according to fire safety requirements. Finishing the chimney on the roof is carried out depending on the design of the roof and the desire of the homeowner.
Installing a chimney is a rather responsible and complicated job. It is necessary to think over all the stages of installation in advance and get advice from a specialist.
Crossing the roof with a pipe is one of the extremely vulnerable components of the structure. At the intersection of the roof with a chimney, a hole is required, which, if the rules of arrangement are violated, is capable of passing water. Improper sealing of the space around the pipe can cause a fire, and incorrect fixation risks becoming the cause of destruction. In order for the listed formidable circumstances to bypass lovers of Russian steam, you should know how to correctly install the pipe into the bathhouse through the roof. Compliance with the rules for the device of this very important penetration will save you from a lot of serious troubles and troubles.
Principles of arranging roof passages
The space between the chimney and the wall of the box turned towards it is also filled with basalt wool, and an air gap is left outside between this wall and the insulation to improve insulation. From below, from the side of the bath rooms, the penetration is closed with a box-shaped casing made of galvanized or stainless steel. For the final design, from the side of the attic, a steel sheet is first mounted, then a casing.
The arrangement of the passage through the slope from the side of the bath is carried out using a metal under-roof sheet with an oval hole. It is attached with self-tapping screws to the elements of the truss system. Before installing the sheets, basalt cardboard and cotton wool are laid in the cut-out opening. The free space is filled with non-combustible thermal insulation. A lead roof trim is installed on top. It is adjusted to the surface of the roof by tapping with a mallet.
Video on the arrangement of roof penetrations
Standard execution of pipe cutting:
Passage device through ondulin:
Homemade assembly for the passage of a pipe through corrugated board:
Information about the rules for arranging chimneys will be useful to both independent craftsmen and customers of the services of a team of builders. Compliance with technological requirements will save you from many negative consequences. Properly executed assemblies of passages will provide excellent insulation and extend service life. bath chimneys and the bath itself.
The appearance of chimneys from sandwich pipes has raised many questions among inexperienced developers, especially the elderly. They constantly react with great apprehension to new technologies, give preference to traditional solutions and consider them only the most correct, time-tested and numerous users. But this is not always the case, new Construction Materials and technologies make it possible to significantly simplify the process of building a house, improve its performance, reduce costs, increase safety, etc. Such technologies also include chimneys made of sandwich pipes.
In order to better understand the installation technology, you need to get a little familiar with the operational parameters and technical specifications modern chimneys.
The chimney must meet two main requirements: to ensure the necessary draft and to be safe from a fire point of view. Installation of any chimney, including sandwich pipes, must necessarily meet these requirements, it is with their implementation that work should begin.
How to choose the diameter and location of the chimney
The amount of thrust depends on several factors.
These are the main regulatory requirements, but there are also fire regulations. All of them are based on the fact that wooden structures located next to pipes cannot be heated above +400°C. It is at this temperature that wood ignites. Specific distances are not regulated, it all depends on the temperature of the exhaust gases. The distance is affected by power and coefficient useful action boiler, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, the height of the ceiling and the attic, the temperature outside, etc. The science that describes these dependencies is called heat engineering and belongs to one of the most complex sections of physics.
What to consider when choosing a chimney
As mentioned above, the task of the chimney is the safe heating of residential premises. Pipe parameters depend on many factors, they must be taken into account. Otherwise, no matter how the chimney is mounted, use furnace heating will be impossible, you will have to buy new sandwich pipes and redo everything. What to look for when choosing a particular chimney?
| Parameter | Short description |
|---|---|
| High-quality sandwich pipes for chimneys should be made only from alloyed heat-resistant and stainless steel. The steel grade is selected taking into account the temperature of the gases, the higher it is, the more heat resistant the steel should be. For gas temperatures within + 1000 ° C, AISI 304 steel is used, for a wood-burning boiler (gas temperature up to + 600 ° C), AISI 321 steel is needed. practical advice. Never buy pipes made of AISI 409 or AISI 430 steel grades. Not only are they afraid of high temperatures, but they are also corroded very quickly by acids. And in the smoke there are quite a few chemical elements that, when combined with condensate, form sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Such low-quality pipes are sold by counterfeit Chinese companies and some domestic ones. |
| Heating boilers can be wood, coal or gas. The temperature of the gases and the concentration of acids depend on the type of fuel. The coal-fired boiler produces the most acid, and it also has the highest gas temperature. For this boiler, you need to select a sandwich pipe from the highest quality alloy steel. Practical advice. Modern boilers have a high efficiency, which means that they give maximum amount thermal energy to the coolant. As a result, the gas temperature is relatively low; in all modern boilers it does not exceed +400–500°C. The main problem for pipes is acids. |
| Pressed material is used as thermal insulation. mineral wool. The thickness of the thermal insulation is within 2-5 cm, the thicker it is, the lower the heating temperature outer pipe. And this is of great importance during the arrangement of passages through the wooden structures of the house. |
A wide variety of manufactured pipes and additional elements for them allows you to create chimneys of various complexity. To increase traction, a deflector can be additionally mounted, fire safety provides a spark arrester, the outlet covers a thermo fungus, etc.
Every additional element the device has its own purpose and performs a specific function, due to this, the reliability of using chimneys from sandwich pipes increases.
The pipes on the roof are lined with cone elements and aprons; unloading platforms and metal brackets support the chimneys in a vertical position.
Various manufacturers may slightly expand or shorten the list of additional elements, change their appearance or design features, but the installation technology almost does not change from these differences.
For example, we will take the option of installing a chimney on the roof of the gazebo, the chimney is connected to a stationary barbecue. The technology for performing work on a residential building, gazebo, bathhouse or other outbuilding is no different. We specifically chose a gazebo, in this example it is possible to talk about all the nuances of installation. You can skip some operations at home, it all depends on the specific architectural features buildings.
But they indicate only the minimum height, and there is also the concept of the speed of air flow. This parameter has a huge impact on the efficiency of boilers. If it's too big then thermal energy does not have time to be transferred to the heat exchanger, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the boiler. Another problem is that too much draft can completely extinguish the burners of gas boilers. Such unpleasant situations arise in large cottages when the boiler is installed in the basement technical room or on the ground floor, and the building itself has two or more floors.
In these cases, only a professional heating engineer can help, he will select the optimal chimney diameter depending on the specific conditions. The fact is that the parameters of SNiPs are outdated, they are used to brickwork, and there are completely different coefficients of resistance to air flow than ideally smooth stainless steel pipes.
Prices for sandwich chimneys
Step-by-step instructions for installing a chimney from a sandwich pipe
The gazebo does not have a ceiling, so we will not consider this operation. Installation is done in two stages: preparatory and installation. The roof of the gazebo is flat, covered with flexible tiles. The crate is solid from moisture resistant OSB.
Preparing for the installation of the chimney
Our brazier has two chimneys: one from the stove and the second directly from the brazier visor, it is technologically impossible to combine them into one, you will have to make two. Another problem is that the chimney from the stove is located exactly against the rafters, it needs to be sawn. In order for the roof structure not to lose its initial stability, the sawn rafter should be connected with metal corners, and a circle should be welded in the middle. The diameter of the circle should be several millimeters larger diameter outer pipe sandwich chimney.
If such a problem occurs during the installation of a chimney in a residential building, then it is strictly forbidden to cut the rafter leg. We need to try to move the boiler a little. If this is also impossible for some reason, then you will have to bend the chimney; for this, special additional elements are sold.
Step 1. Locate the center of the chimney on the roof. This will require a long building level or an ordinary plumb line. If it is not there, then tie a nut or bolt to the rope, it will be an elementary plumb line, the accuracy of such a tool for the measurements performed is quite enough. Attach a plumb line to the roof and move it until the weight is in the center of the chimney. You can control the position by eye. If in doubt, find the center of the chimney pipe by placing two sticks along the diameter at an angle of 90°. The point of intersection of the sticks will be the center of the pipe. Draw a dot on the roof with a pencil.
Step 2 Drill in the marked area through hole, make sure that the drill does not move during operation. The hole will indicate on the roof the center of the hole for the chimney pipe.
Step 3 Now you need to go to the roof of the building. Due to the fact that the soft tiles have already been laid, part of it will have to be dismantled. Using a thin metal spatula, gently pry up the shingles of soft tiles.
By the way, you will immediately see that the bonding strength of the shingles is not as reliable as the manufacturers of mastics and shingles advertise.
Step 4 Raise the sheets of tiles a little and use a screwdriver to unscrew the self-tapping screw.
If the tiles are fixed with nails, then pulling them out is much easier with a special nail puller. Remove the first shingle. Using the same algorithm, remove all shingles from the section of the roof where the chimneys will exit.
On this preparatory work completed, you can begin to mount the chimney pipe.
Installation of a chimney on the roof
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Screwdrivers
A few words must be said about the fire distance between the pipe and wooden elements roofs. No one makes exact calculations in each specific case, it is very difficult and time consuming. Practitioners say that if the height of the attic is at least 1.5 meters and it is unheated, then the chimney sandwich pipe can not be additionally isolated from the crate or rafters. The outer surfaces of the chimney never heat up more than two hundred degrees, and this temperature is safe for wood. But for insurance and in order to avoid problems with firefighters, it is recommended to deviate from wooden structures at least 20 cm around the entire perimeter. This is not very difficult and will allow to exclude possible claims of the commission during the commissioning of the building.
Step 1. Open the packing of the feedthrough. The passage element is made of polypropylene, modified heat-resistant rubber is used to seal the pipe.
Step 2 Cut a hole in the rubber to fit the diameter of the pipe. It has concentric rings indicating different diameters. Find the right one and remove the extra part. You can cut with an ordinary sharp knife, try to make the cut as even as possible. If you have large scissors, great, they are much easier and safer to work with.
Step 3 On the penetration there are circles indicating the slope of the roof. This is done so that on any roof the chimney pipe is strictly vertical. It is necessary to cut off the circle that corresponds to the angle of inclination of the roof slope. The penetration is made of polypropylene, it cannot be cut with ordinary scissors, it is necessary to use special ones for metal or secateurs.
Secateurs cutting
Step 4. Locate the hole that was drilled from the inside of the gazebo, this hole indicates the location of the center of the chimney. Lay the penetration on a solid crate so that it is in the middle of the element. Circle the line with a pencil or felt-tip pen, you will get a circle for cutting. If you have several chimney outlets on the roof, then such actions must be done for each.
Step 5 Cut out the hole with an electric jigsaw. To do this, first drill holes for the nail file with a drill, and only then insert the tool into it and work. Be careful that the saw does not fall on metal hardware, they should be pulled out or bypassed.
Step 6 Attach the passage element and fix it to the plate with self-tapping screws. If there is a desire, then for peace of mind, you can put the passage element on any sealant, the squeezed out excess must be carefully removed with your finger.
Step 7 Replace the chimney. Separate pipes can be additionally pulled together with clamps.
It is recommended that on soft combustible roofs, be sure to cover the pipe with a tip with a spark arrester. This is especially important for a wood-fired boiler. If the pommel has a deflector - excellent, with a side wind, the thrust will increase, which eliminates the formation of reverse thrust.
Step 8 Put the rubber sealing cover in place, it prevents rain from entering through the pipes under the roof. The casing has a special label indicating in which position to put it on. The label should look forward to the roof ridge.
Step 9 Firmly tighten the casing to the pipe with a clamp, the sealant is used as desired.
This completes the installation of the chimney, you can return the previously dismantled roof to its place.
Step 1. Install the underlayment strips. It is pushed around the perimeter into a special slot of the passage element.
Step 2 Start laying the previously dismantled shingles in place. At the junction with the passage element, cut the tiles so that it overlaps the contour of the element by 2–3 cm.
Laying soft tiles is done in the usual way using bituminous mastic for sealing joints.
Installing the master flash
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This device has an aluminum sheet edging around the perimeter, the edging is hermetically soldered into a rubber gasket. Due to this technological feature, the element copies the profile with maximum accuracy roofing, the likelihood of leakage is minimized.
How to properly install master flash?
Step 1. Coat the perimeter of the outer chimney pipe soapy water. This is done in order to tightly put a rubber apron on the chimney.
But this can only be done if the diameter of the hole on the apron is 2–3 cm smaller than the diameter of the pipe. If the parameters differ more, then you will have to cut the rubber a little. For this, manufacturers made special rings on it with an indication of the diameters. No need to try to stretch the apron too much. Rubber cannot be in such a stressed state for a long time; over time, it will certainly begin to tear. As a result, leaks will appear, and so strong that to eliminate them, you will have to completely change the master flash.
Step 2 Give the aluminum a roof top profile. You can do it by hand rubber mallet go mallet. Start arching from the middle, and then move symmetrically to the edges. If you do the opposite, then the last waves will stretch, you will have to start all over again.
Step 3 Apply silicone or other sealant to the section of the roof that is located under the master flush. Do not spare the material, especially carefully coat the upper part of the element and those places where water drains.
Practical advice. If the house is located in the southern regions of our country, and the penetration is black, then you need to use special sealants. The fact is that on bright sunny days the surface of the master flush heats up to a temperature exceeding +100°C, while ordinary sealants can withstand no more than +80°C.
The lower part of the element can not be smeared with sealant, water will not flow upwards. But for a guarantee and personal peace of mind, it is recommended to apply a silent sealant.
Step 4 Screw the element to the roof. To do this, use special self-tapping screws. Pay attention to the sealant protruding from under the aluminum plate around the entire perimeter. First, screw the screws into the lower waves, and only then into the upper ones. This fixation technology increases the tightness of the connection of the elements.
Step 5 Gently remove the exposed sealant with your finger. You do not need to leave a lot of it or spread it in a thin layer over a large surface of the roofing, this will not help to increase the service life of the connection. The fact is that after 3-4 years, a smeared thin layer of sealant will definitely peel off from the roof, water will begin to enter the gap. Ensures the tightness of the connection only the material that is between aluminum plate and roof covering.
It is important to know that the tightness does not depend on the thickness of the protruding material, only its quality and degree of adhesion affect the durability. As for resistance to ultraviolet rays, these are non-critical indicators, the sealant is protected aluminum sheet. It is more important to look at frost resistance.
Step 6 Apply sealant around the perimeter of the pipe between the wall and the rubber cap.
Application of sealant between the wall and the rubber cap
Replace the pipe cap and tighten the clamp.
If all work is done correctly and used quality materials, then there will be no problems with the chimney for many years of operation.
Video - Master Flash. Installation
