CNC machine do-it-yourself drawings. Homemade woodworking machines for the home workshop: high-quality equipment at no extra cost. Manufacturing technology of a universal wooden workbench with your own hands

The article describes a homemade CNC machine. The main advantage of this version of the machine is a simple method of connecting stepper motors to a computer via the LPT port.

Mechanical

Bed The bed of our machine is made of plastic 11-12 mm thick. The material is not critical, you can use aluminum, organic glass plywood and any other available material. The main parts of the frame are attached using self-tapping screws, if desired, you can additionally decorate the attachment points with glue, if you use wood, you can use PVA glue.

Calipers and guides As guides, steel bars with a diameter of 12mm, length 200mm (on the Z axis 90mm), two pieces per axis, were used. Calipers are made of textolite with dimensions 25X100X45. Textolite has three through holes, two of them for the guides and one for the nut. The guide parts are fixed with M6 screws. Supports X and Y in the upper part have 4 threaded holes for fixing the table and the Z-axis assembly.

Caliper Z The guides of the Z axis are attached to the caliper X through a steel plate, which is a transitional one, the dimensions of the plate are 45x100x4.

Stepper motors are mounted on fasteners, which can be made of sheet steel with a thickness of 2-3mm. The screw must be connected to the axis of the stepper motor using a flexible shaft, which can be used as a rubber hose. When using a rigid shaft, the system will not work accurately. The nut is made of brass, which is glued into the caliper.

Assembly Assembling a homemade CNC machine is carried out in the following sequence:

• First you need to install all the guide components in the calipers and screw them to the sidewalls, which were not initially installed on the base.
• We move the caliper along the guides until we achieve a smooth ride.
• We tighten the bolts, fixing the guide parts.
• We attach a caliper, a guide assembly and a sidewall to the base, we use self-tapping screws for fastening.
• We assemble the Z assembly and, together with the adapter plate, attach it to the X caliper.
• Next, install the lead screws along with the couplings.
• Install stepper motors connecting the motor rotor and screw with a coupling. We pay strict attention to the fact that the lead screws rotate smoothly.

Recommendations for assembling the machine: Nuts can also be made of cast iron, you should not use other materials, screws can be bought at any hardware store and trim to fit your needs. When using screws with M6x1 thread, the length of the nut will be 10 mm.

Machine drawings.rar

We turn to the second part of the assembly of the CNC machine with our own hands, namely to electronics.

Electronics

Power supply unit A 12V 3A unit was used as a power source. The unit is designed to power stepper motors. Another voltage source at 5V and with a current of 0.3A was used to power the controller microcircuits. The power supply depends on the power of the stepper motors.

We present the calculation of the power supply. The calculation is simple - 3x2x1 \u003d 6A, where 3 is the number of stepper motors used, 2 is the number of powered windings, 1 is the current in Amperes.

Control Controller The control controller was assembled on only 3 chips of the 555TM7 series. The controller does not require firmware and has a fairly simple circuit diagram, thanks to this, this CNC machine can be made by a person who is not particularly versed in electronics.

Description and pin assignment of the LPT port connector.

For the experiment, a stepper motor from an old 5.25-inch was used. In the scheme, 7 bits are not used. 3 engines used. You can hang a key on it to turn on the main engine (cutter or drill).

Driver for stepper motors To control a stepper motor, a driver is used, which is an amplifier with 4 channels. The design is implemented on only 4 transistors of the KT917 type.

You can also use serial microcircuits, for example - ULN 2004 (9 keys) with a current of 0.5-0.6A.

The vri-cnc program is used for control. Detailed description and instructions for using the program are on the official website.

Having assembled this CNC machine with your own hands, you will become the owner of a machine capable of machining (drilling, milling) plastics. Steel engraving. Also, a home-made CNC machine can be used as a plotter, you can draw and drill on it. printed circuit boards.

Based on materials from the site: vri-cnc.ru

all-he.ru

Cnc do-it-yourself drawings

Knowing that a CNC milling machine is a complex technical and electronic device, many craftsmen think that it is simply impossible to make it with their own hands. However, this opinion is erroneous: you can make such equipment yourself, but for this you need to have not only it detailed drawing, but also the set necessary tools and related accessories.

Processing of duralumin blanks on a homemade desktop milling machine

When deciding to make a homemade CNC milling machine, keep in mind that this can take a significant amount of time. In addition, certain financial costs will be required. However, not being afraid of such difficulties and having the right approach to solving all issues, you can become the owner of affordable, efficient and productive equipment that allows you to process workpieces from various materials with a high degree of accuracy.

To make a milling machine equipped with a CNC system, you can use two options: buy a ready-made kit, from which such equipment is assembled from specially selected elements, or find all the components and assemble a device that fully meets all your requirements with your own hands.

Instructions for assembling a homemade CNC milling machine

Below in the photo you can see the with my own hands CNC milling machine, which comes with detailed instructions for manufacturing and assembly, indicating the materials and components used, accurate “patterns” of machine parts and approximate costs. The only downside is the instructions English language, but it is quite possible to understand the detailed drawings without knowing the language.

Free download instructions for the manufacture of the machine: Homemade CNC milling machine

Milling machine CNC assembled and ready to go. Below are some illustrations from the assembly instructions for this machine.

"Patterns" of machine parts (reduced view) Beginning of assembly of the machine Intermediate stage The final stage assembly

Preparatory work

If you decide that you will design a CNC machine with your own hands without using a ready-made kit, then the first thing you need to do is to opt for circuit diagram, on which such mini-equipment will work.

Scheme of a CNC milling machine

For the basis milling equipment CNC you can take the old one drilling machine, in which the working head with a drill is replaced by a milling head. The most complex thing that will have to be designed in such equipment is a mechanism that ensures the movement of the tool in three independent planes. This mechanism can be assembled on the basis of carriages from a non-working printer; it will ensure the movement of the tool in two planes.

It is easy to connect software control to a device assembled according to such a concept. However, its main drawback is that it will be possible to process on such a CNC machine only workpieces made of plastic, wood and thin sheet metal. This is explained by the fact that the carriages from the old printer, which will ensure the movement of the cutting tool, do not have a sufficient degree of rigidity.

A lightweight version of the CNC milling machine for working with soft materials

In order for your homemade CNC machine to be able to perform full-fledged milling operations with workpieces from various materials, a sufficiently powerful stepper motor must be responsible for moving the working tool. It is not at all necessary to look for a stepper-type engine, it can be made from a conventional electric motor, subjecting the latter to a slight refinement.

The use of a stepper motor in your milling machine will make it possible to avoid the use of a screw drive, and the functionality and characteristics homemade equipment it won't make it any worse. If you still decide to use carriages from the printer for your mini-machine, then it is advisable to pick them up from a larger model of the printing device. To transfer force to the shaft of milling equipment, it is better to use not ordinary, but toothed belts that will not slip on the pulleys.

Belt drive unit

One of the most important nodes any such machine is a milling mechanism. It is its manufacture that needs special attention. To properly make such a mechanism, you will need detailed drawings, which will need to be strictly followed.

CNC milling machine drawings

Drawing No. 1 (side view)

Drawing No. 2 (back view)

Drawing No. 3 (top view)

Let's start assembling the equipment

The basis of home-made CNC milling equipment can be a rectangular beam, which must be securely fixed on the rails.

The supporting structure of the machine must have high rigidity, it is better not to use welded joints during its installation, and all elements must be connected only with screws.

Unit for fastening machine frame parts by means of a bolted connection

This requirement is explained by the fact that the welds are very poorly tolerated by vibration loads, which the supporting structure of the equipment will necessarily be subjected to. Such loads will eventually lead to the fact that the frame of the machine will begin to collapse over time, and changes in geometric dimensions will occur in it, which will affect the accuracy of the equipment settings and its performance.

Welds during the installation of the frame of a homemade milling machine often provoke the development of play in its nodes, as well as the deflection of the guides, which occurs under severe loads.

Installation uprights

In the milling machine, which you will assemble with your own hands, a mechanism must be provided to ensure the movement of the working tool in a vertical direction. It is best to use a screw gear for this, the rotation of which will be transmitted using a toothed belt.

An important detail of the milling machine is its vertical axis, which for homemade device can be made from aluminum plate. It is very important that the dimensions of this axis are precisely adjusted to the dimensions of the device being assembled. If you have a muffle furnace at your disposal, then you can make the vertical axis of the machine with your own hands, casting it from aluminum according to the dimensions indicated in the finished drawing.

Top carriage assembly placed on transverse rails

After all the components of your homemade milling machine are prepared, you can begin to assemble it. This process begins with the installation of two stepper motors, which are mounted on the equipment body behind its vertical axis. One of these electric motors will be responsible for moving milling head in the horizontal plane, and the second - for the movement of the head, respectively, in the vertical. After that, the remaining components and assemblies of home-made equipment are mounted.

The final stage of machine assembly

Rotation to all components of home-made CNC equipment should be transmitted only through belt drives. Before connecting a program control system to the assembled machine, you should check its performance in manual mode and immediately eliminate all identified shortcomings in its operation.

You can watch the process of assembling a milling machine with your own hands on a video that is easy to find on the Internet.

Stepper motors

In the design of any CNC milling machine, there are necessarily stepper motors that provide tool movement in three planes: 3D. When designing a homemade machine for this purpose, you can use electric motors installed in a dot matrix printer. Most older models of dot matrix printers were equipped with electric motors with fairly high power. In addition to stepper motors from an old printer, it is worth taking strong steel rods, which can also be used in the construction of your homemade machine.

Attaching the stepper motor to the top carriage

To make a CNC router with your own hands, you will need three stepper motors. Since there are only two of them in a dot matrix printer, it will be necessary to find and disassemble another old printing device.

It will be a big plus if the engines you find have five control wires: this will significantly increase the functionality of your future mini-machine. It is also important to find out the following parameters of the stepper motors you found: how many degrees it rotates in one step, what is the supply voltage, and also the value of the winding resistance.

You will need a separate controller to connect each stepper motor.

The drive design of a homemade CNC milling machine is assembled from a nut and a stud, the dimensions of which must first be selected according to the drawing of your equipment. To fix the motor shaft and to attach it to the stud, it is convenient to use a thick rubber winding from an electric cable. Elements of your CNC machine, such as clamps, can be made in the form of a nylon sleeve into which a screw is inserted. To make such simple structural elements, you will need a regular file and a drill.

Electronic filling of equipment

Your handmade CNC machine will be controlled by software and must be chosen correctly. When choosing such software (you can write it yourself), it is important to pay attention to the fact that it is efficient and allows the machine to implement all its functionality. Such software should contain drivers for controllers that will be installed on your mini milling machine.

In a homemade CNC machine, the LPT port is mandatory, through which the electronic control system is connected to the machine. It is very important that this connection is made through the installed stepper motors.

Wiring diagram for unipolar stepper motors for 3 coordinate machine CNC (click to enlarge)

When choosing electronic components for your do-it-yourself machine, it is important to pay attention to their quality, since the accuracy of the technological operations that will be performed on it will depend on this. After installing and connecting all the electronic components of the CNC system, you need to download the necessary software and drivers. Only after that, a test run of the machine follows, checking the correct operation of the machine under the control of downloaded programs, identifying shortcomings and promptly eliminating them.

All of the above actions and the listed components are suitable for making a milling machine with your own hands, not only for a coordinate boring group, but also for a number of other types. On such equipment, it is possible to process parts with a complex configuration, since the working body of the machine can move in three planes: 3d.

Your desire to assemble such a CNC-controlled machine with your own hands must be supported by the presence of certain skills and detailed drawings. It is also highly desirable to watch a number of thematic training videos, some of which are presented in this article.

Home › Equipment for metal processing › Milling machines

Similar news:

artemmian.ru

DIY CNC machine / DIY / Collective blog

Today, the CNC machine has a wide range of applications. Among the main operations performed on it, one can note the manufacture of furniture, stone processing, repair, construction works etc.

A CNC machine made in an industrial environment is a rather expensive pleasure. But it turns out that the mechanism is complex at first glance, it is very simple and affordable to manufacture in living conditions with your own hands.

For the first experience, it is best to opt for a machine with a moving portal. This is due to the fact that it perfectly combines simplicity and functionality.

For the manufacture of the main parts of the machine, we take MDF boards. This material is a fine dispersed fraction, which is pressed under great pressure and temperature in one plate. To the main characteristics of MDF refers to high density. Therefore, they are great for making CNC machines with your own hands. On MDF equipment, it is possible to process plastic, wood, engrave, but metal parts cannot be processed with high accuracy. This is due to low durability. this material to loads.

To begin with, we will print the drawing of our machine on a printer. Then the resulting templates can be glued to the MDF. It is much easier and more convenient to cut out the details of the future machine.

The fittings that will be used in the assembly can be purchased at any hardware or hardware store.

In addition to accessories for the manufacture of the machine, the following tools will be required: a drill, a screwdriver and a hacksaw. If you have a jigsaw, then it is better to use it. This will greatly simplify the process of cutting out parts.

We proceed to the manufacture of the machine. To do this, we paste the drawings of the parts printed on the printer onto the MDF board using an adhesive stick for paper. When choosing it in the store, opt for the thickest one. This will significantly speed up the process of gluing templates.

Now you can do the direct sawing of blanks. In this model, all parts have almost straight lines and the most simple contours.

After all the templates are cut out, we proceed to drilling the holes. It should be noted that many of them have large diameter. Therefore, in order for the surface of these holes to be neat and smooth, it is better to use crowns or grinding nozzles. Thus, you will be able to accurately bore holes to the desired diameter.

Now you can start assembling the CNC machine according to the drawings we have.

Since we plan to use the machine at home, it is imperative to install a fence. This will avoid the scattering of dust and dirt from the workpieces.

For these purposes, you can use foam, fiberglass, thin plywood etc. Don't forget to make a small hole in the fence.

Through it it will be possible to connect the hood from the old vacuum cleaner. This will ensure maximum trapping of dust and chips. The opposite effect of using such a "dirt trap" is a lot of noise.

Next milestone do-it-yourself CNC machine assembly is electronics. After all, it is important, because. with its help, the management process takes place.

In this case, two solutions can be used. The first of them is to assemble the necessary controller circuit on your own, having bought all the necessary parts.

The second way is easier - buy a ready-made controller in a store or on the radio market. Which of the proposed paths to choose is up to you. If you are not very versed in radio engineering and decide to buy a finished part, then it is recommended to opt for the TV6560.

The choice of this element is evidenced by its ability to select the necessary power depending on the stepper motors used, the presence of protection against overload and overheating, the use of many software, etc.

If you will make the controller yourself, an old scanner or MFP is perfect. A ULN2003 chip, steel rods and a stepper motor are selected from it. In addition, you will need a DB-25 connector with a wire, a socket for powering the controller itself. If you want to have a computer control of your machine, then you will need a computer to which you will connect the received equipment.

To create a controller, we take any board we have. We carefully solder the ULN2003 chip onto it with a soldering iron. In this case, do not forget about polarity.

The above diagram shows that there are two power rails. Therefore, we solder the output of the microcircuit with a negative sign to one, and with a positive sign to the other. After that, we connect pin 2 of the parallel port connector to pin 1 of the ULN2003. To pin 2 of the ULN2003 we attach pin 3 of the connector. Accordingly, we will connect the output of the ULN2003 4 circuit to the 5th output of the connector, etc. But the zero pin with the 25th pin of the parallel port, we solder to the negative bus.

The next step is soldering the stepper motor to the control device. It can be done correctly only by trial and error, because. most often there is no documentation for the output of the electric motor you have. Therefore, it is recommended to equip the motor wires with crocodile clips. Thus, the process will go faster and easier.

Our next step is to connect the wires to pins 13,14,15,16 of the ULN2003 chip. Now we will solder the wires to the power bus with a plus sign. Finally, install the power socket.

Our controller is almost ready. Now we install it on steel rods and fix it in the nests prepared earlier. In order to prevent breakage of wires during operation, it is better to fix them with hot glue.

44kw.com

Drawing homemade CNC machine

You can download a drawing of a homemade CNC machine using the links at the end of the article.

The archive offered for download contains a drawing of a CNC machine for do-it-yourself assembly.

This is a fairly common type of CNC machine with a moving portal.

This drawing differs primarily in that not only is the detailing given - when each part of the machine is drawn separately and has dimensions, but also the assembly drawings of each of the nodes are given.

A CNC machine according to such a drawing can be made from almost any material. It can be duralumin plates and plywood. You can also use durable plastic or plexiglass in the design of a homemade CNC machine.

The drawings are in DXF vector format and can be scaled to any size.

In the simplest case, you can take engines from dot-matrix printers such as Epson FX1000 in A3 format, and take steel guides along with a sliding unit from the same printer.

As a lead screw budget option a homemade CNC machine uses a stud with an M6 or M8 thread. It is better to order running nuts to a turner and turn them from bronze. A bronze nut can "walk" for 5-7 years with daily use of the CNC machine for 8-10 hours.

Lead screws are consumable, and running nuts can serve more than one home-made machine.

However, I have read more than once about how they used running nuts made of plastic or getinaks.

Made from improvised means homemade CNC the machine will allow you to process wood, plastics and non-ferrous metals.

For the processing of metals and steel, such a machine becomes unsuitable due to the weak rigidity of the structure.

However, it can be used for engraving or as a CNC-controlled drilling machine for metals.

But here's how milling - unlikely. When milling metals, shock loads occur - for example, when milling one groove, another groove meets and then a mechanical shock occurs, which is transmitted to the machine structure and the lead screw.

For homework, such as milling balsa model aircraft kits, this machine will easily justify the cost of making it!

You can download drawings of a homemade CNC machine here: Depositfiles or from our website

Homemade CNC machine

And so, within the framework of this article-instruction, I want you, together with the author of the project, a 21-year-old mechanic and designer, to make your own. The narration will be conducted in the first person, but know that, to my great regret, I am not sharing my experience, but only freely retelling the author of this project.

There will be a lot of drawings in this article, the notes to them are made in English, but I am sure that a real techie will understand everything without extra words. For ease of understanding, I will break the story into "steps".

Foreword from the author

Already at the age of 12, I dreamed of building a machine that would be able to create various things. A machine that will give me the ability to make any household item. Two years later, I came across the phrase CNC or more precisely, to the phrase "CNC milling machine". After I found out that there are people who are able to make such a machine on their own for their needs, in their own garage I realized that I could do it too. I must do it! For three months, I tried to collect the right parts, but did not budge. So my obsession gradually faded away.

In August 2013, the idea of ​​building a CNC milling machine re-engaged me. I had just completed my bachelor's degree from the University of Industrial Design, so I was quite confident in my abilities. Now I clearly understood the difference between me today and me five years ago. I learned how to work with metal, mastered the techniques of working on manual metalworking machines, but most importantly, I learned how to use development tools. I hope this tutorial will inspire you to create your own CNC machine!

Step 1: Design and CAD Model

It all starts with thoughtful design. I made several sketches to get a better feel for the size and shape of the future machine. After that I created a CAD model using SolidWorks. After I modeled all the parts and assemblies of the machine, I prepared technical drawings. I used these drawings for the manufacture of parts on manual metalworking machines: and.

To be honest, I love good handy tools. That is why I have tried to make the maintenance and adjustment of the machine as easy as possible. I placed the bearings in special blocks in order to be able to quickly replace. The guides are serviceable so my car will always be clean when the job is done.

Downloads "Step 1"

dimensions

Step 2: Bed

The bed provides the machine with the necessary rigidity. It will be equipped with a movable portal, stepper motors, Z-axis and spindle, and later the work surface. To create a carrier frame, I used two aluminum profile Maytec section 40x80 mm and two end plates made of aluminum 10 mm thick. I connected all the elements to each other on aluminum corners. To strengthen the structure inside the main frame, I made an additional square frame from profiles of a smaller section.

In order to avoid getting dust on the guides in the future, I installed protective corners from aluminium. The angle is mounted using T-nuts, which are installed in one of the grooves of the profile.

Both end plates are fitted with bearing blocks for mounting the drive screw.

Carrier frame assembly

Corners to protect the rails

Downloads "Step 2"

Drawings of the main elements of the bed

Step 3: Portal

The movable portal is the executive body of your machine, it moves along the X axis and carries the milling spindle and the Z axis support. The higher the portal, the thicker the workpiece that you can process. However, a high gantry is less resistant to the loads that occur during processing. The high side posts of the portal act as levers relative to the linear rolling bearings.

The main task that I planned to solve on my CNC milling machine was the processing of aluminum parts. Since the maximum thickness of aluminum blanks suitable for me is 60 mm, I decided to make a portal clearance (distance from working surface up to the top cross beam) equal to 125 mm. In SolidWorks, I converted all my measurements into a model and technical drawings. Due to the complexity of the parts, I processed them on an industrial CNC machining center, which additionally allowed me to process chamfers, which would be very difficult to do on a manual metal milling machine.

Downloads "Step 3"

Step 4: Z Axis Caliper

In the Z axis design, I used a front panel that attaches to the Y axis movement bearings, two plates to reinforce the assembly, a plate to mount the stepper motor, and a panel to mount the milling spindle. On the front panel, I installed two profile guides along which the spindle will move along the Z axis. Please note that the Z axis screw does not have a counter support at the bottom.

Downloads "Step 4"

Step 5: Guides

Guides provide the ability to move in all directions, ensure smooth and precise movements. Any play in one of the directions can cause inaccuracies in the processing of your products. I chose the most expensive option - profiled hardened steel rails. This will allow the structure to withstand high loads and provide the positioning accuracy I need. To ensure the guides are parallel, I used a special indicator during their installation. The maximum deviation relative to each other was no more than 0.01 mm.

Step 6: Screws and Pulleys

Screws convert rotational motion from stepper motors into linear motion. When designing your machine, you can choose from several options for this assembly: A screw-nut pair or a ball screw pair (ball screw). The screw nut, as a rule, is subjected to more frictional forces during operation, and is also less accurate relative to the ball screw. If you need increased accuracy, then you definitely need to opt for a ball screw. But you should know that ball screws are quite expensive.

For many projects, a CNC router is essential for good and quick results. After doing some research on the current CNC machines, I came to the conclusion that all machines under 150K cannot meet my needs in terms of space and precision.

What I want:

• working space 900 x 400 x 120 mm
• relatively quiet spindle with high power at low speeds
• highest possible rigidity (for milling aluminum parts)
• highest possible accuracy
• USB interface
• spend up to 150 thousand rubles

With these requirements, I started 3D designing with schematics and drawings, testing the many parts available. The main requirement: the parts must be combined with each other. In the end I decided to build the machine on a 30-B type nut with 8 aluminum frames with 16mm ball bearing spindles, 15mm ball bearing guides and NEMA23 3 amp stepper motors that fit easily into a ready made mounting system.

These parts fit together perfectly without the need for special parts.

Step 1: Building the Frame

The key is good planning...

Parts arrived a week after ordering. And in a few minutes, the X-axis was ready. - Easier than I thought! 15mm HRC linear bearings have a very good quality, and after installing them, you immediately understand that they will work very well.

After 2 hours, when assembling a CNC machine on Arduino with my own hands, the first problem appeared: the spindles do not want to get into roller bearings. My freezer isn't big enough for 1060mm spindles, so I decided to get some dry ice, which meant putting the project on hold for a week.

Step 2: Spindle setup

A friend came in with a bag of dry ice, and after a few minutes of freezing, the spindles fit perfectly into the roller bearings. A few more screws and it looks a bit like a CNC machine.

Step 3: Electrical Parts

The mechanical part is finished and I'm moving on to the electrical parts.

Since I am very familiar with Arduino and want to have full control over USB, I first chose Arduino Uno with GRBL shield and TB8825 steppers. This configuration works very simply and after a little tweaking the machine is PC manageable. Great!

But since the TB8825 runs at max 1.9A and 36V (gets very hot), it's enough to start the car, but I noticed a loss in steps due to too low power. A long milling process at this temperature is a nightmare.

I bought a cheap TB6560 from China (300 rubles each, 3 weeks delivery) and connected them to the GRBL shield. The voltage ratings are not very accurate for this board, you will find ratings from 12V to 32V. Since I already have a 36V power supply, I tried to adapt it.

Result: Two stepper drives work fine, one cannot handle the higher voltage and the other only turns in one direction (cannot change direction).

So, again in search of a good driver ...

TB6600 is my final decision. It is completely covered with an aluminum cooling cover and is easy to set up. Now my steppers work on the X and Y axes with 2.2A and on the Z axis with 2.7A. I could go up to 3A, but since I have a closed box to protect the circuits from aluminum dust, I decided to use 2.2A, which is enough for my needs and generates almost no heat. Also, I don't want the steppers to destroy the car if they make a mistake when I give them too much power.

I thought for a long time about a solution to protect the stepper power supply and frequency converter from small aluminum parts. There are many solutions where the transducer is mounted very high or at a sufficient distance from the milling machine. The main problem is that these devices generate a lot of heat and need active cooling. My final decision is my girlfriend's beautiful pantyhose. I cut them into 30 cm pieces and used them as a protective hose, which is very simple and provides good airflow.

Step 4: Spindle

Choosing the right spindle requires a lot of research. At first I thought about using a stock Kress1050 spindle, but since it only has 1050 watts at 21000 rpm I can't expect high power at lower speeds.

For my requirements for dry milling aluminum and possibly some steel parts, I need 6000-12000 RPM power.

That's why I finally chose a 3kW variable frequency drive from China (together with a converter) for 25 thousand rubles.

The quality of the spindle is very good. It is quite powerful and easy to set up. I underestimated the weight at 9kg, but fortunately my frame is strong enough and there is no problem with a heavy spindle. (High weight is the reason for the 2.7A Z-axis drive)

Step 5: Job Completed

Ready. The machine works very well, I had a few problems with the stepper drivers, but overall I'm really happy with the result. I spent about 120 thousand rubles and I have a car that exactly suits my needs.

The first milling project was a negative shape in POM (Parallax occlusion mapping). The machine did a great job!

Step 6: Finishing for aluminum milling

Already in POM, I saw that the torque on the Y-bearing is a little high and the machine bends with high forces around the Y axis. That's why I decided to buy a second rail and upgrade the portal accordingly.

After that, there is almost no backlash due to the force on the spindle. An excellent upgrade and, of course, worth the money (10 thousand rubles).

Now I'm ready for aluminum. When working with AlMg4,5Mn, I got very good results without any cooling.

Step 7: Conclusion

Building your own CNC machine is not really rocket science. I have relatively bad conditions work and equipment, but having a good work plan all you need is a few bits, a screwdriver, clamps and a regular drill press. One month in CAD and purchase plan, and four months of assembly to complete installation. The creation of the second machine would have gone much faster, but without any prior knowledge in this area, I had to learn a lot about mechanics and electronics during this time.

Step 8: Details

Here you can find all the main parts of the machine. I would recommend AlMg4.5Mn alloys for all aluminum plates.

Electrical:
I bought all electrical parts on ebay.

• Arduino + GRBL-Shield: ~ 1500 rub.
• Stepper driver: 1000 rub.\pcs
• Power supply: 3000 rubles.
• Stepper motors: ~ 1500 rubles \ pcs
• Milling spindle + inverter: 25 thousand rubles.

Mechanical:

• Linear bearings: link
• Linear rails: link
• Ball circulation spindles: link
• 2x1052mm
• 1x600mm
• 1x250mm
• Fixed spindle bearings + stepper holder: link
• Floating bearing: link
• Spindle-step connections: I ordered Chinese couplings for 180 rubles / piece

• Bottom profiles: link
• X-profiles for rails: link
• Y-profiles for installing X-axis stepper/spindle: link

Portal:

• Profile on linear bearing X: link
• Rear panel / Mounting plate: 5 mm aluminum plate 600×200.
• Y-profiles: 2x link
• Z-profile: link
• Z-mounting plate: 5mm 250×160 Aluminum plate
• Z-sliding plate for spindle mounting: 5mm 200×160 Aluminum plate

Step 9: Software

After using CAD, then CAM and finally G-Code Sender I am very disappointed. After a long search for good software, I settled on Estlcam, which is very convenient, powerful and very affordable (3 thousand rubles).

It completely overwrites the Arduino and controls stepper motors on its own. There are many good documented features. The trial version provides the full functionality of the software, just adding a wait time.

For example, edge search. You just need to connect the wire to the Arduino A5 pin and to the workpiece (if not metal, then use aluminum foil to temporarily cover it). With machine control, you can now press the milling tool against the work surface. As soon as the circuit closes, the machine stops and sets the axle to zero. Very helpful! (usually grounding is not required because the spindle must be grounded)

Step 10: Improve

Until now, the Y and Z axes had temporary plastic brackets to transmit the forces of the spindle nuts and moved the milling spindle accordingly.

The plastic braces were hard plastic, but I don't trust them too much. Imagine that the Z-axis bracket will brake, the milling spindle will simply fall (obviously in the process of milling).

That's why I now made these brackets from aluminum alloy(AlMgSi). The result is attached in the picture. They are now much stronger than the plastic version I made before without a router.

Step 11: Machine in operation

Now, with a little CNC practice, a do-it-yourself woodworking machine already gives very good results (for a hobby). These pictures show an AlMg4.5Mn nozzle. I had to mill it from both sides. In the last photo, what happened without polishing or sandpaper.

I used a 6mm VHM cutter with 3 blades. I found that 4-6mm tools give very good results on this machine.

Complex processing of various materials has long ceased to be the lot of factory shops. Twenty years ago, the maximum that home craftsmen could afford was figured cutting jigsaw.

Today, manual routers and cutting lasers can be easily bought at the store. household tool. Various guides are provided for linear processing. But what about cutting complex shapes?

Elementary tasks can be completed using a template. However this method has disadvantages: firstly, it is necessary to make the template itself, and secondly, the mechanical pattern has restrictions on the size of the roundings. And finally, the error of such devices is too large.

A solution has long been found: a CNC machine allows you to cut out such complex shapes from plywood with your own hands, which “jigsaw operators” can only dream of.

The device is a system of coordinate positioning of the cutting tool, controlled computer program. That is, the processing head moves along the workpiece, in accordance with a given trajectory. Accuracy is limited only by the size of the cutting attachment (cutter or laser ray).


The possibilities of these machines are endless. There are models with two-dimensional and three-dimensional positioning. However, their cost is so high that the acquisition can only be justified commercial use. It remains to assemble the CNC machine with your own hands.

How the coordinate system works

The basis of the machine is a powerful frame. The basis is a perfectly flat surface. It also serves as a desktop. The second basic element is the carriage on which the tool is fixed. It could be a dremel manual frezer, laser gun - in general, any device capable of processing a workpiece. The carriage must move strictly in the plane of the frame.

Let's start with a 2D setup.

As a frame (base) for a do-it-yourself CNC machine, you can use the surface of the table. Most importantly, after adjusting all the elements, the structure no longer moves, remaining rigidly screwed to the base.

To move in one direction (let's call it X), two guides are placed. They must be strictly parallel to each other. A bridge structure is installed across, also consisting of parallel guides. The second axis is Y.


By setting the displacement vectors along the X and Y axes, it is possible to set the carriage with high accuracy (and with it cutting tool) to any point on the desktop plane. By choosing the ratio of movement speeds along the axes, the program makes the tool move continuously along any, the most complex trajectory.

The frame of the CNC machine is made by the hands of a craftsman, video

There is another concept: the carriage with the tool is fixed motionless, the work table moves with the workpiece. There is no fundamental difference. Unless the dimensions of the base (and therefore the workpiece) are limited. But the circuit for supplying power to the working tool is simplified, there is no need to worry about flexible power cables.

For most home craftsmen, the manufacture of such an assembly as a do-it-yourself CNC milling machine is something at the level of a fantastic plot, because such machines and mechanisms are complex in design, constructive and electronic understanding of the device.

However, having at hand the necessary documentation, as well as the required materials, fixtures, mini-milling homemade apparatus, equipped with CNC, it is quite possible to do it yourself.

This mechanism is distinguished by the accuracy of the performed processing, ease of control of mechanical and technological processes, as well as excellent indicators of productivity and product quality.

Principle of operation

Innovative computer-controlled block milling machines designed for complex patterns on semi-finished products. The design must have an electronic component. Together, this will allow you to automate work processes to the maximum.

To model milling mechanisms, you first need to familiarize yourself with the fundamental elements. The role of the actuating element is a cutter, which is mounted in a spindle located on the shaft of an electric motor. This part is fixed on the base. It is capable of moving in two coordinate axes: X and Y. Design and install a support table to fix the workpieces.

The electric adjustment unit articulates with the electric propulsion motors. They will ensure the movement of the carriage relative to the workpieces or semi-finished products being processed. Using a similar technology, a 3D graphic image is made on wooden planes.

The sequence of work performed by this CNC mechanism:

1. Writing a working program, due to which the movements of the working body will be performed. For this procedure, it is best to use specialized electronic systems designed to adapt in "handicraft" copies.
2. Mounting semi-finished products on the table.
3. Software output to the CNC.
4. Starting mechanisms, controlling the passage of automatic manipulations of equipment.

To get the maximum level of automation in 3D mode, correctly complete the diagram and label certain components. Experts strongly advise to initially study production instances before starting to build milling machine with my own hands.

Scheme and drawing

Scheme of a CNC milling machine

The most critical phase in the manufacture of a home-made analogue is the search for the optimal course of equipment manufacturing. It directly depends on the overall characteristics of the workpieces being processed and the need to achieve a certain quality in processing.

For the need to obtain all the necessary functions of the equipment, the best option is the manufacture of a mini-milling machine with their own hands. Thus, you will be sure not only of the assembly and its quality, but also technological properties, it will be known in advance how to serve it.

Transmission components

by the most good option is the design of 2 carriages moving along perpendicular axes X and Y. It is better to use polished metal rods as a frame. Mobile mobile carriages are “dressed” on them. For the correct manufacture of the transmission, prepare stepper motors, as well as a set of screws.

For improved automation of the workflows of CNC milling machines, designed by oneself, it is required to immediately complete the electronic component to the smallest detail. It is divided into the following components:

• used for electrical energy to stepper motors and supplies power to the controller chip. Running is considered modification 12v 3A;
• its purpose is to give commands to the engines. For the correct execution of all specified operations of a CNC milling machine, it will be enough to use a simple scheme to monitor the performance of 3 engines;
• drivers (software). It is also an element for adjusting the movable mechanism.

Video: do-it-yourself CNC milling machine.

Accessories for a homemade milling machine

The next, and crucial step in the construction of milling equipment is the selection of components for building a home-made unit. The best way out of this situation is the use of improvised parts and devices. It is possible to take solid wood species(beech, hornbeam), aluminium/steel or organic glass.

For the normal operation of the complex as a whole, the development of the design of calipers is required. At the moment of their movement, oscillations are not unacceptable, this will cause incorrect milling. Therefore, before assembly, the components are checked for reliable operation.

Practical Tips according to the choice of components of the CNC milling machine:

• guides - well-polished steel bars Ø12 mm are used. The length of the X axis is about 200 mm, Y - 100 mm;
• caliper mechanism, optimal material - textolite. Standard site dimensions are 30×100×50 mm;
• stepper motors - engineering experts advise using samples from a 24v, 5A printing device. They have a fairly significant power;
• a block for fixing the working body, it can also be built using textolite. The configuration is directly dependent on the tool that is available.

The procedure for building CNC milling equipment

After completing the selection of all the necessary components, you can completely easily build an oversized milling mechanism equipped with CNC with your own hands. Before proceeding with the direct design, we once again check the components, control their parameters and workmanship. This will further help to avoid premature failure of the mechanism chain.

For reliable fixation of equipment components, specialized fasteners are used. Their design and execution directly depend on future scheme.

Scroll necessary action to assemble small CNC equipment to perform the milling process:

1. Mounting the guide axles of the support element, fixing on the extreme parts of the machine.
2. Grinding calipers. It is required to move along the guides until a smooth movement is formed.
3. Tightening the screws to fix the support device.
4. Fastening components to the base of the working mechanism.
5. Mounting lead screws and clutches.
6. Installation of marching motors. They are attached to the coupling bolts.

Electronic components are located in a self-contained cabinet. This ensures the minimization of failures in performance in the process of carrying out technological operations with a milling cutter. The plane for mounting the working machine must be without drops, because the design does not provide for leveling screws.

After completing the above, proceed to perform trial tests. First you need to install a light program to perform milling. In the process of work, it is necessary to continuously check all passes of the working body (cutter). Parameters that are subject to constant control: the depth and width of processing. This applies especially to 3D processing.

Thus, referring to the information written above, making milling equipment with your own hands provides a whole list of advantages over conventional purchased counterparts. Firstly, this design will fit the expected volumes and types of work, secondly, maintainability is ensured, as it is built from improvised materials and fixtures, and, thirdly, this equipment option is inexpensive.

Having experience in designing such equipment, further repairs will not take much time, downtime will be reduced to a minimum. Similar equipment may be useful to your neighbors in summer cottage to fulfill your own repair work. By renting such equipment, you will help your close friend in work, count on his help in the future.

Having dealt with the constructive and functional features milling machines, as well as the load that will fall on it, you can safely take on its manufacture, based on the practical information provided along the text. Design and complete tasks without any problems.

Video: homemade CNC wood milling machine.