How to grow mushrooms in the forest. Growing mushrooms in the garden: replanting from the forest, propagation by mycelium, preparing mushroom seedlings. Caring for oyster mushrooms, champignons, porcini mushrooms. Growing mushrooms in winter

Four reasons why they prefer mushrooms grown in their summer cottage:

• Environmental cleanliness;
• Lack of competition with other mushroom pickers;
• Mushrooms in the garden plot are resistant to diseases and improve the ecology of the area;
• The result is almost independent of the weather.

Mushrooms are planted from late May to September. Planting material is obtained in three ways: by transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium, and mushroom seedlings (caps).

How to properly transfer mycelium

The mycelium is carefully dug out in the forest. This method is absolutely illegal and we do not recommend it. Except in cases where logging is taking place.

To plant mushrooms, choose a shaded place under a deciduous or coniferous tree. Remove around the trunk at a distance of 20-30 cm upper layer earth to the depth of a bayonet shovel. Compost made from leaves and wood dust is placed at the bottom. The compost is spilled with water and covered with a layer of earth. Lay out the mycelium, water it and cover it with fallen leaves.

For the first two weeks and in dry weather, the mycelium is watered every day. For watering, use a hose with a spray nozzle or a watering can with a divider. Then, depending on weather conditions, watering can be reduced, but for the mycelium to grow, on average, you need at least 1 standard bucket of water per hole per week.

Planting mushrooms with mycelium

This method is more reliable. Buy mycelium in specialized stores. Included with the substrate step-by-step instruction with detailed explanations of where and how to plant mycelium and how to care for it. If everything is done correctly, mushrooms will appear next year.

However, before buying, don’t be lazy to read everything, otherwise our friend gave us her purchase - she doesn’t have an adult pine or spruce tree on her property, but she managed to buy camelina mycelium.

In general, what we call a mushroom is just the fruiting body of a colossal organism. The mycelium itself is located underground and is a much larger and invisible organism consisting of hyphae - incredibly long and fragile cells like roots. Intertwined, the hyphae form mycelium. There have been cases where a huge developed mycelium lived and thrived underground for 40 years, without ever forming fruiting bodies. There is an assumption that when entering into symbiosis with higher plants, the mycelium has no reason to throw the fruiting body to the surface - it is provided with adequate nutrition and feels good. The fruiting body is needed only for reproduction, when the mycelium has a hard time and needs to change its place of residence.

Unlike plants, fungi cannot independently transform solar energy as food, they lack chlorophyll. Therefore, most edible mushrooms obtain energy in one of 2 ways: saprophytic (that is, decomposing dead plant debris) or mycorrhizal (that is, penetrating the roots of living plants).

Saprophytes include: champignons, shiitake, oyster mushrooms. Growing them in the countryside is easier compared to wild mushrooms. Their spores are introduced into suitable dead organic matter (logs, organic fibers, manure) and maintained warm and moist for their germination.

Forest mushrooms often require living and very old trees for their germination. And although this is clearly written on packages of mycelium, many summer residents do not take this into account. And even if the mycelium takes root, no one can guarantee the production of fruiting bodies at the dacha - the mycelium lives and dies together with its symbiont, that is, the tree. And it’s not a fact that their joint plans include a desire to feed the owner of the summer cottage with their fruiting bodies (mushrooms).

How to get mushroom seedlings?

For getting mushroom seedlings The caps are crushed and filled with water for a day. The ground around the tree is loosened with a flat cutter, adding mature compost. The prepared area is watered with the resulting solution. Leaves sprinkled on top forest trees.

Important! Hats should not be overdried or frozen. In order for the spores to germinate, it is advisable to use the caps within several hours.

By the way, the waste of fruiting bodies from your own plantation also needs to be infused and watered with it on an already planted mushroom bed under a tree.

Basic rules for caring for mycelium:

1. Digging is not used on the dacha plot (at least for 2-3 years).
2. Plant and food waste is constantly returned to the garden.
3. The soil should not be dry. The place where mushrooms are planted requires constant watering.
4. In spring, biostimulants are added to the soil. They accelerate the growth of mushrooms, strengthen their immune system, increase productivity and shorten the growing cycle. You can purchase dietary supplements in stores that sell seeds and related products.
5. Mushrooms feed from tree roots, so the mycelium is placed in close proximity to the trunk.
6. Mushrooms are planted in the evening or in cloudy weather.

Experience in using mycelium for the benefit of higher plants

Constantly adding sawdust mulch, Altai microbiologist A. Kuznetsov uses and actively promotes agricultural technology based on the ability of fungi to form a symbiotic relationship with higher plants. He noticed that in the old abandoned orchards there are pigs, trevushki, milk mushrooms, russula. In such gardens, trees and berry gardens do not get sick, young seedlings begin to bear fruit faster. Even demanding remontant strawberry varieties in such conditions do not need to renew the plantation every 4 years:

If you create the appropriate conditions, then cultivated plants They don’t even grow their own feeding roots, but use external fungal mycorrhiza (fungal roots) for drinking and nutrition. Mycorrhiza for garden plants Another good thing is that it is perennial and, in addition to nutrition and water, provides plants with valuable enzymes, hormones, immunostimulants, and even maintains a kind of information connection between plants.

There are many publications by Alexander Ivanovich on the Internet, there is also a forum where he gives live explanations and recommendations on mushroom agricultural technology, watering, cuttings, and proven varieties of fruit and berry crops from his nursery. The previous 2 photos are from there. So what is it practical advice thoughtful farmer, do not be lazy to look through his materials before growing mushrooms in the country.

What else should I add for keen mushroom growers and gardeners? Yes, in large cities there are also options when mycorrhiza mushrooms are sold immediately with a symbiont plant, they are easiest to grow in the countryside, you yourself would be happy to buy such beauty, admire:

Interestingly, due to the low calorie content of mushrooms, nutritionists do not attach importance to them as an important source of nutrition. At the same time, mushrooms provide us with minerals and vitamins, as well as essential amino acids, which give some of them a taste reminiscent of meat.

Growing mushrooms in the country and in the garden requires certain skills. To acquire them, it may be better to start with oyster mushrooms. It is a saprophytic fungus that does not form mycorrhiza, and it is quite resistant to diseases, so it can be grown even in winter. suitable premises on a substrate of sawdust or small logs. And if the purpose of growing mushrooms is not only food, then take a closer look at mycorrhizal mushrooms for the garden.

Have you ever wondered how to grow mushrooms in the country? Sounds exotic? This is true. Only a few are doing this so far. However, why not try a new activity, moreover, it does not require large financial investments or significant effort. At the same time, you will be able to collect incredible harvests without competition from similar mushroom pickers and tedious trips to the forest. Having thoroughly mastered the new section of gardening, you will even be able to put your crops up for sale.

There are several basic ways to plant mushrooms in the country:

Equipment for growing mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms, which are sold in stores year-round, are grown production method in large quantities for special installations. You can master their breeding in even a small barn or basement. Someone is making of this home business, while for some it is enough to simply provide themselves and all their loved ones with mushrooms for their own consumption. How to grow mushrooms in the country?

The mushroom growing kit looks something like this:

• a substrate consisting of straw, sawdust from non-coniferous trees, husks from seeds, crushed into dust and pasteurized in hot water;
• plastic bags with holes every 10-15 cm into which the prepared substrate is placed;
• mushroom mycelium, which must be placed in bags in layers between the substrate.

What mushrooms can you plant in your dacha?

Almost any wild mushrooms can be successfully grown in your home garden. The most common mushrooms in the country are:

• boletus;
• White mushroom;
• boletus;
• oiler;
• saffron milk cap

How to grow champignon mushrooms?

Champignons can be grown in bags, boxes, or in the garden. A richer harvest will be obtained by growing in artificial conditions, that is, in bags or boxes. Plus, you can better control diseases and pests by simply isolating contaminated containers. So, to the question of how best to grow mushrooms at home, the answer is to create suitable conditions indoors.

So, how to grow mushrooms in the country? Having placed the mycelium in bags with substrate, you need to wait 3 days, then make 5-6 slits in each bag and leave in the dark at a temperature of +18-20°C. After 2-3 weeks, the first mushrooms will appear in the slots. At this moment, you need to transfer the bags to a ventilated and 24-hour illuminated room with a temperature of +20-27°C and high humidity (70-95%). The champignons will grow to their required size in 3-4 weeks. Having collected their harvest, you need to transfer the bags again to a dark room, where after a week they will begin to grow again.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

The king of mushrooms grows successfully in a well-prepared area. How to grow these mushrooms in the country? To grow them, you can use one of the methods described above - transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium (including purchased ones), dispersing spores. These excellent forest mushrooms in the countryside grow not far from trees, where you need to remove a half-meter layer of soil, spread compost, plant seeds, mycelium or mycelium and cover them with a layer of leaves. The area with mycelium must be watered periodically. In winter, the mycelium should be sprinkled with compost and, if necessary, covered with film.

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country?

Growing chanterelles in the country

Growing boletus in the country

The most convenient way to propagate this mushroom is by transplanting the mycelium. They often grow between young pines - this is the kind of forest land you need to move to your dacha. How to grow butter mushrooms in the country: it is important for these mushrooms that the soil is rich in lime. Lighting of the area chosen for planting should be moderate, with indirect sunlight. During dry periods, the bed with boletus should be watered abundantly. The first harvest will appear after 3-4 years.

Openki at the dacha

If you are new to the question of how to grow mushrooms in the country, start with something simple – growing honey mushrooms. In the forest they grow on stumps and half-rotten logs. You just need to transfer some of this to your site. Another option is to sow mycelium on a rotten stump in the garden. Optimally, if it is a stump from beech, aspen, poplar, willow, oak or ash. The place for growing them should be shady and humid. The first harvest after planting the mycelium can be expected after 1-2 years.

Growing mushrooms on your own in your summer cottage or garden

When you have your own plot of land, it’s simply a sin not to start growing such delicious and beloved mushrooms on it. There is nothing complicated about the technology of growing mushrooms. You just need to follow certain recommendations and you will be able to enjoy delicious food grown yourself every year.

Planting mushrooms: choosing a good place

It is very important to choose a place where the mushrooms will be as comfortable as possible. Therefore, you need to choose places with deciduous or coniferous trees. Mushrooms especially like to grow near such plants. It is best to plant porcini mushrooms near trees such as oak, hornbeam, and beech.

Do not plant mushrooms near agricultural crops under any circumstances, as this may negatively affect the growth of mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, it is allowed to plant mushrooms on the shady side of a wooden building.

As for champignons or oyster mushrooms, there is much less hassle with them - these types of mushrooms need a moist and shaded place.

How to choose a growing method?

It is necessary to consider methods of growing mushrooms in order to know which method will be more time-consuming and expensive:

1. Mushrooms are grown using spores. Planting material can be prepared independently without additional financial costs. To do this, you will need mushrooms with overripe, slightly wormy caps, because it is in them that the spores (seeds) of the mushrooms develop.

Be sure to prepare containers with rain or river water in advance. To start the fermentation process, you need to add 50 g of sugar to the water, then mash the caps and add them to the sugar water. It is necessary to achieve homogeneity of the mass, which should be infused for at least a day. In this case, the resulting composition must be stirred regularly.

To prepare sourdough, it is better to use the caps immediately, since they do not last long and therefore may simply be unusable in the future. Before planting, be sure to strain the starter. For 1 liter of starter there are 10 liters of water. Water the selected area with the prepared solution. If you plant mushrooms in this way, be sure to mulch the area using fallen leaves. This should be done twice - after planting and before winter.

2. You can also use a more effective and simpler method - use mycelium, which can be grain or compost. It is better to give preference to the grain type, since there is not much hassle with it, and planting is much faster and without much difficulty. You will need to prepare the area where the mushrooms will be planted. Most often, the permissible area size is indicated on the packaging.

3. The third, no less easy method is mycelium. If you have a summer cottage at your disposal, you can transplant the mycelium onto it. This growing method requires the presence of forest trees on the site. But at the same time, mushrooms should be planted exclusively under the same tree under which they grew in the forest. The garden space should be prepared in advance. To breed boletus in this way, you will need to plant them in soil with high content lime and pine trees located nearby. It will be possible to collect the first harvest no earlier than 3 years after transplantation, but then the mushrooms will bear fruit every three days, starting in May.

How to plant and grow porcini mushrooms, saffron milk caps and honey mushrooms?

You can plant porcini mushrooms in several ways: seedlings, planting ready-made material, transplanting. Planting should be done between May and October. It is especially important to do planting work only after the sun has set.

1. Place the dug out mycelium in a place where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It should be planted in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug up.
2. For germination to be truly successful, the soil must be prepared first. In front of the selected tree, dig up a 30 cm layer of earth half a meter away. Place fallen leaves, dust and sawdust at the bottom of the trench. Sprinkle the soil on top, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores should be placed. After planting, irrigate and throw fallen leaves on top. During the first 2-3 weeks, in case of severe drought, mushrooms should be watered generously.

Planting of the finished material is carried out as follows:

1. Before planting mycelium, you should choose a place under the tree where the environment is humid.
2. Step back 70 cm from the tree, remove the top layer - about 50 cm.
3. Place a mixture of soil, leaves and sawdust at the bottom of the hole to a depth of 20 cm. Sprinkle a 10 cm layer of soil on top.
4. Apply compost, place mycelium, sprinkle with soil and fallen leaves.

It is recommended to fertilize mushrooms with regular coffee grounds, as they serve as an excellent growth stimulator. In addition, it can not only accelerate growth, but also protect mushrooms from mold and various diseases, moths and midges. It is recommended to add 15% natural ground coffee to the sediment from the aromatic drink and enrich it with a mineral complex. 50 g of this fertilizer should be applied per 1 square meter.

Champignons: planting and growing

Champignons prefer places where high humidity and lots of organic nutrients. Mushrooms require virtually no sunlight to germinate. They are not capricious, and therefore can easily grow in orchards. Growing requires soil saturated with organic additives. If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself:

1. Mix 50 kg of cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, 20 kg of straw.
2. Combine everything together. You can add food waste to the composition.
3. Compact the entire mixture tightly and sprinkle with water.
4. Cover with plastic wrap and leave for several weeks until the ammonia smell disappears.

After 3 weeks, you can begin to prepare a place to accommodate the young family. It is necessary to dig a trench as wide as the size of the mycelium, and no more than 30 cm deep. The dug trench should be filled with prepared substrate, and then watered abundantly. Followed by final stage– settlement of mycelium. Planting material can be purchased at a specialty store or found in the forest.

You need to place the mushroom family in a trench and cover it with straw on top. Mushrooms should be planted at a temperature of at least 20 degrees Celsius.

In addition to planting ready-made mycelium, you can take ripe mushrooms, crush them and sow them on the site. Water the area thoroughly by irrigation. There is no need to compact the area, as this may cause the death of the mushrooms. In just a few months it will be possible to harvest.

Planting oyster mushrooms

It is recommended to grow oyster mushrooms the easy way– in seed substrate, sawdust. The prepared raw materials should be crushed, placed in a large container and filled with boiling water. After a couple of hours, drain the water and squeeze out the substrate material so that it is moist, not wet.

The crushed raw materials and mushroom mycelium should be placed in layers in a plastic bag, compacted tightly and the bag tightly tied with a rope. You need to make several holes in the bag. Place the bags with the substrate in a well-moistened, dark and warm place until the first mushroom germs appear. Once the ovary is noticeable, the bags should be placed in a cool and well-lit place for daily irrigation. Already a week after the appearance of the embryos, the first mushrooms may appear.

How to plant boletuses?

1. Dig a hole down to the roots of the tree. Be sure to stick to this size - 2 square meters in width and 30 cm in depth. When the roots are located on the soil surface, only the top layer should be removed.
2. Fill a deep hole with compost to ground level, a shallow hole in layers: 12 cm of compost, 6 cm of soil. It is necessary to alternate compost and soil until the height of the layers reaches half a meter.
3. Make holes in the compost up to 20 cm deep. The distance between the holes is 25 cm. Place pieces of boletus mycelium on the bottom of the holes and cover with soil. After planting, the plantation should be watered. There are 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. Then be sure to cover with a layer of fallen leaves.

Planting boletus

By using ready-made mycelium, planting boletus mushrooms can be greatly simplified. Therefore, initially you need to stock up on materials: mycelium, compost, soil for indoor plants. Mushrooms can perfectly adapt to reproduce in soil rich in peat. Then you must definitely select an area where there are many birch trees. Boletus mushrooms prefer to grow in such conditions.

If you grow mushrooms from mycelium, it will be very simple, provided you prepare everything correctly. The best time to plant mushrooms is from May until the end of summer. You need to get rid of debris on the site, and then dig three holes for the seeds. The size of the holes is 10x20 cm. It is best to dig holes around the tree.

After preparing the holes, fill them halfway with peat soil. Place a small piece of compost mycelium in each hole. After this, fill the holes with soil and compact them. Water each hole with 1 liter of water. Be sure to moisten the soil around it using 1 bucket of water.

How to plant boletus in the garden?

Most in the best possible way planting boletus is the transplantation of a small pine tree from the forest on the territory of the site. It is desirable that the age of the tree be from 10 to 15 years. Only under such a tree will mushrooms begin to grow. Butterflowers like to have light shade, but they can also grow in sunny areas.

For creating optimal conditions To develop mycelium in the selected area, 20 cm of the top layer of soil should be removed. The soil nutritious for butterflies is formed in several layers. The first, bottom layer should be made from plant materials - fallen leaves, mown grass, pine needles. The second layer should be made of soil, which is collected from the place where the mushrooms grow. Mushroom mycelium should be sown on prepared soil.

How to grow chanterelles?

The best partners of mushrooms are pine and spruce; the mushroom can also cooperate with oak and beech. WITH garden trees mushrooms will not make friends.

So, it is impossible to grow mushrooms without a partner tree. If there is no such plant on the site, then you will have to plant it. Better to find it in the forest young tree, immediately with mycelium. It is also necessary to grab several bags of a layer of forest soil and coniferous litter. It is recommended to plant the tree in an area where there is partial shade. When planting, the mycelium should be in forest soil, covered with pine needles on top. The mycelium does not like drying out, as well as humidity, so you will have to regularly carry out moderate watering.

If there is already a pine or spruce tree on the site, then you can plant mushrooms on the tree. This can be done in two ways: by planting mycelium or sowing spores.

When sowing, you should select the caps of old, overripe mushrooms, simply scatter them under a tree or soak them in water for a day, and then simply pour the solution over the planting site. It is very important to maintain a constant level of humidity in the future, since drying out or wetting can destroy planting material.

The most reliable and fastest way is to plant mycelium dug out in the forest. You should dig holes under the tree, 20 centimeters deep, place the mycelium there along with forest soil, cover the top with pine litter and moss. Water in the same way as in the previous method. The mycelium should be planted no earlier than June and no later than September.

Plant mushrooms and grow them on your plot of land It’s quite easy if you follow all the necessary rules, adhere to technology, and choose high-quality planting material. Only if you approach planting responsibly can you achieve good results and enjoy healthy foods grown with your own hands.

Peculiarities of cultivating forest mushrooms in a summer cottage

Today you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown on own garden bed, homemade mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically resistant to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding the delicacy is not difficult. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the soil, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the mycelium of an organism with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?

Types of mushrooms suitable for growing in the garden

Almost any fruiting bodies can be grown in the country house and in the garden. At the same time, due to the lack of a vegetative period for mushrooms, they can be grown all year round, except winter. But in order for home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. First of all, we are talking about the choice of place for planting fruiting bodies, the quality of the soil and the availability of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to seamlessly connect with the root system of the plant, fully feed and utilize excess moisture.

Most good options for growing edible forest mushrooms on personal plot are:

• oyster mushrooms;
• milk mushrooms;
• Polish mushrooms;
• boletuses or redheads;
• porcini mushrooms or porcini mushrooms;
• boletus;
• yellow chanterelles;
• boletus;
• flywheels chestnut or brown mushrooms;
• russula-dewlaps;
• saffron milk caps;
• honey mushrooms;
• Champignon.

Exotic types of fruiting bodies, such as truffles, also lend themselves well to cultivation in the country. The method of cultivating mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.

Growing technology

When correct landing mushrooms and favorable conditions their growth, the first harvest can be expected within 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms and other species. The duration of fruiting of the mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. Moreover, from 1 m² the amount harvested reaches from 2 to 4 kg.

Breeding methods

To cultivate forest mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used that are ideal both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.

Forest mycelium dive

For planting, it is necessary to deliver carefully dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be handled very carefully, making sure that the soil in it is not shaken and the vegetative body is not deformed. Before planting, the soil must be specially prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30–40 cm of the top layer of soil and lay compost at the bottom of the resulting small pit. After which the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For better growth of mushrooms, the place where they are transplanted should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the mother one.

Germination through mycelium

Represents the most popular method of growing mushrooms. It is produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. The soil is carefully prepared for planting mycelium. A place for mushrooms is selected in a shady and humid area of ​​the site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree with which the fruiting body will subsequently come into contact. The total sown area of ​​the mycelium is determined by its quantity in the package.

Preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from pine needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are placed on the bottom of a previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with soil and a growth stimulator, after which the resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. An alternative to natural compost can be a ready-made mushroom substrate.

This method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the area and compliance with the watering regime. It is very important to prevent the soil from drying out, so during dry seasons it is allowed drip irrigation mycelium. If all work is carried out correctly, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed as early as next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.

Reproduction through mushroom seedlings (solution)

Simple and affordable way cultivation of forest mushrooms. The seeding mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be left in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.

Growing by spores

The simplest method. It consists of dispersing fungal spores throughout the area. To do this, overripe fruiting bodies collected in the forest are crushed into crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing area itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create conditions as close as possible to forest conditions. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.

If there are no forest trees on the plot, fruiting bodies can be planted from the shady side wooden buildings. Special attention should be given to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.

To ensure that your hard work bears fruit and the efficiency of cultivating edible forest mushrooms is maximized, adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting off the stalk, but by removing them entirely from the ground with roots.
• When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
• The mushrooms collected must be healthy.
• To make the mycelium take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45–50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
• Process collected mushrooms no later than 10 hours after they are collected. Sowing the material should be done the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated; frozen mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation.
• Before planting, it is necessary to clean the soil prepared for mycelium from pathogenic microflora, disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
• The mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from the trees.
• To avoid drying out of the mycelium, the planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some of the features and then your work will be effective (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have its own requirements for caring for it). This article is about how to grow porcini mushrooms using two methods. The first method is cultivation using mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.

But first, a little about the mushroom itself

The porcini mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among edible mushrooms. It has a fleshy large cap and a thick swollen white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white because it does not darken during preparation and cooking. Wonderful aromatic light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes, are prepared with this mushroom.

All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in a mushroom picker’s basket. And if it grows in your own garden, then that’s even better.

Well, now about growing porcini mushrooms in the country

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium

This is the first growing method in case you don’t have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow this way, firstly, you need to purchase porcini mushroom mycelium. Fortunately, the Internet will help in finding sellers.

In addition to the mycelium, you need:

• growing deciduous or coniferous trees, preferably not very old (about 8-10 years);
• branches, moss, fallen leaves;
• compost.

By the way, from May to September is the best time to plant porcini mushroom mycelium.

Well, everything is prepared, the season is right, we begin planting.

First, let's prepare the landing site. To do this, near the tree trunk you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel so as to obtain an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with the tree in the center.

After this, cover everything with the layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the planting site. Water must be poured carefully through a sprayer so as not to wash away the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.

To protect from frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Covering radius is about 2m. In the spring, when there is no longer any chance of severe frosts returning, remove the “cover”.

The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium takes root. And so porcini mushrooms in the country will delight you for about 3-4 years. If you water the soil with mycelium from time to time with water containing effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest the crop longer – sometimes even up to 7 years.

As you can see, the technology for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.

Growing Porcini Mushrooms Using Fresh Mushroom Caps

As in the first option, you need coniferous or deciduous trees between 8 and 10 years old. If you don’t have these on your site, you’ll have to look in a neighboring forest or forest plantation.

Now let's get down to the planting process itself.

Growing porcini mushrooms using caps is in some ways similar to growing the previous method, but it also has its own characteristics. To grow this way we need:

1. Prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
2. Prepare a place for sowing;
3. “Sow” mushrooms.

And now about this in more detail.

How to prepare the “seed material” of porcini mushrooms?

Place the porcini mushrooms collected for sowing (5-10 pcs.) in a bucket of water (preferably rainwater) and leave them to soak for a day. After steeping, mash the mushrooms with your hands directly in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or finely pore cloth. Do not throw away any remaining pulp. She will also need to be planted. Thus, you received a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.

Preparing the place for sowing and the “sowing” of porcini mushrooms

The place for sowing is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the sowing process is different.

With this method of planting on a bare piece of land, it is necessary to pour a strained solution (about 2 liters per square meter) onto the roots of the tree. After watering, place the mushroom tissue that remains after straining on top of the roots. After this, cover everything with the earth that was previously removed near this tree and water it with water. As with the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.

Take care of the area as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms using mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and in winter (and especially before the first winter after planting) cover the soil around the tree. In spring, remove the covering material.

It is enough to water once a week with 4-5 buckets of water for each tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If it rains often, then, of course, you can reduce watering.

After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.

By the way, if you “sow” mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear the following fall, then parts of the porcini mushroom caps have taken root. Well, if mushrooms appear after 2 years, then the spores have taken root.

As with the mycelium growing method, you will be collecting mushrooms for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own porcini mushrooms, plant them again using the same method in a few years.

What do you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium taking root?

Mushrooms may do better if you use the following tips (some of them will work for both growing methods).

1. When looking for mushrooms for further planting, choose mushrooms that grow near the same tree species near which you plan to plant. That is, if an oak tree grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms also near the oak tree. If you have different trees on your site, then also collect “seed material” near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.
2. After picking the mushrooms, they need to be soaked immediately (maximum 10 hours after picking) and sowed the next day. Before soaking, mushrooms cannot be stored for longer than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You won't grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so don't even try to freeze them to plant later.
3. When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), you can add sugar or alcohol to the water. This will help the mycelium take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are placed for soaking. The amount of alcohol is 3-4 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, it should only be granulated sugar. Refined sugar cannot be used. You need 50 g of sugar per 10 liters of water. Read also: Type of soil on the site - how to determine and improve the structure
4. 2-3 hours before planting mushrooms, the bare area of ​​soil should be watered with a special solution for disinfection. But don't be afraid, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not suffer. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your porcini mushrooms.
   A solution of tannins is used to disinfect the area. One tree needs 2-3 liters of this solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the area only with a cooled solution.
   You can prepare a tanning solution like this:
   - from black tea
   To prepare 1 liter of the finished solution, you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait for it to cool.
   - from oak bark
   For 1 liter of water, take 30 g of oak bark. Boil for an hour. During the boiling process, add water to the original volume.
5. The deadline for planting mushrooms is until mid-September. Later they will take root less well or will not take root at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will ensure her better wintering.
   The best time to plant porcini mushrooms is August to mid-September.

And again: monitor the humidity in the area of ​​the planted mushrooms. In hot summers, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water once a week.

Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. It will take a little work, but this is the king of mushrooms and it’s worth it. And imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, without fear that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country will provide you with a personal “forest” harvest.

A site about the garden, cottage and indoor plants.

Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing a summer house - all with your own hands.

We grow oyster mushrooms, porcini truffles and other mushrooms at the dacha with our own hands

There are many edible mushrooms. They grow both on their own (usually in the forest), and in recent years they have been very actively cultivated in special farms. Mushrooms have a special taste and smell, some of them are a real delicacy and are very highly valued.

The nutritional value of mushrooms is enormous. Currently, the world's population consumes about 6 million tons of mushrooms annually. Of this, only 0.7 million tons are collected in forests, the rest are grown on mushroom farms, cottages and personal plots.

Since ancient times, man has tried to “tame” and “domesticate” mushrooms. The pioneers in mushroom growing were the Chinese, who learned to grow shiitake mushrooms at the dawn of our era. We Europeans are more familiar with champignon, which has been grown for more than 300 years. But mushrooms are in no hurry to reveal their secrets to humans and, despite such a venerable age of cultivation, no more than two dozen species have been “domesticated”.

We grew mainly these - oyster mushrooms (common, pink, lemon yellow, etc. - read more - Growing mushrooms at home - part 2), white and royal (brown) champignons, honey fungus (winter, autumn, summer, meadow) , ink mushroom (white dung beetle) and ringworm.

We began producing shiitake mushrooms, which have long become traditional abroad, only in the last ten years.

Recently we learned how to cultivate porcini mushrooms, yellow and gray chanterelles, russula, Polish mushrooms, boletus and saffron milk caps. Even delicious white and black truffles have “joined” the “guard” of cultivated mushrooms.

Oyster mushroom, honey fungus and shiitake are excellent at using any plant residues - straw, hay, seed husks, sawdust or shavings hardwood trees, foliage, reeds, corn cobs, fruit and vegetable pomace, etc., as well as wood from deciduous trees, both garden and forest. Moreover, the wood is suitable both freshly sawn and wood that has lain for several years (just not rotten).

Quite a lot is already known about growing oyster mushrooms both intensively (on compost) and extensively (on stumps).

Honey mushroom and shiitake can be grown in a similar way.

Champignons and wild mushrooms thrive on compost made from humus and garden soil; they should be grown in garden plots in shady places and in semi-dark rooms. Cultivating mushrooms is not as difficult as some imagine.

Now porcini mushrooms are also grown. For mushrooms, you need to set aside a shaded area with an area of ​​2.5-3 m2, in which you need to make a “pit” 30 cm deep and fill it with a nutrient mixture.

Place a layer of fallen leaves, grass, wood dust or bark at the bottom of the pit (layer thickness 10 cm). On top of it is a layer of manure humus or soil taken from under the trees (layer thickness 10 cm). Then scatter the grain mycelium evenly over the entire surface.

The third layer (3 cm thick) is again plant remains. And finally, the last one is garden soil (3 - 5 cm).

After sowing, the substrate must be moistened using the drip method. In dry weather and high temperature moisten as needed, both before the mushrooms appear and during their growth.

The first mushrooms will delight you within 1.5-2 months, and then will appear every 1-1.5 weeks. On open ground grow from May to late autumn. The mycelium lives up to 5 years.

Indoors, the porcini mushroom is grown in the same way as on a personal plot, only it is planted in boxes, which are placed in semi-dark places with diffused sunlight or with electric lighting (3-4 hours a day). The premises need to be well ventilated and maintain high humidity (water containers are placed next to the boxes).

Mushrooms grow at temperatures of 5-30 °C, the optimal temperature for them is 12-26 °C.

Since mushrooms do not have a growing season, they can be grown at any time of the year.

In the same way, on a personal plot, in utility rooms, outbuildings, basements, sheds, garages, yes, and on balconies, loggias, and storerooms you can grow yellow chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius); russula (Russulaceae); Polish mushroom (Xerocomus badius); also called brown mushroom or chestnut flywheel; common oiler (Suillus), gray chanterelle (Craterellus cornucopioides).

TO growing all these mushrooms The same technology is used, you just need to take into account some features:

• the Polish mushroom bears fruit most abundantly under chestnuts;
• chanterelles feel better on sandy and clay soils;
• Russulas love deep shade;
• the habitat of boletus can be lightly sprinkled with oak leaves or sawdust from deciduous trees;
• saffron milk cap has the same characteristics as porcini mushroom. Today it has become possible to grow even such exotic delicious mushrooms as truffles.

Growing truffles essentially comes down to proper planting, and then to accurately determining where the mushroom crop will form. The process of mushroom growth itself occurs at a depth of 30-40 cm underground and lasts from two to five years, until the first harvest appears. Subsequent harvests - 2 times a year: in spring - from late March to early May; in autumn - from mid-September to the end of November.

Planting dates are year-round. Mycelium is applied under the roots of already growing trees and shrubs or during planting of seedlings.

There are several signs by which you can determine the place of mushroom formation: the ground is noticeably fluffy and raised; the strong, persistent smell of mushrooms in this place attracts many insects; dogs and other domestic animals (for example, pigs, as well as poultry) tend to “rummage” in the mushroom place. In addition, you yourself, without even wanting it, will hear a characteristic mushroom smell.

Dig out the truffles carefully, raking the soil with your hands (or using a small gardening tools) and choosing “tubers”. Then the “excavation site” is filled up again.

Store mushrooms fresh (7-8 days) at a temperature of 7-13 °C. Truffles can be frozen, dried, salted and pickled.

Hydrogel helps solve the problem of moisture at all stages of growing any mushrooms. These are polymer granules (potassium based) that absorb water and water-soluble fertilizers and then release them to plants as needed. Moreover, the mass of the absorbed liquid is many times greater than its own. In dry form, the hydrogel is a colorless granular powder.

Add hydrogel to the soil, and your plants will have a kind assistant, making sure that they are comfortable (neither damp nor dry) and nutritious (all fertilizers go to their destination). It is indispensable for mushroom growers, since its use eliminates the problem of constant moisture.

The hydrogel is absolutely sterile and non-toxic, retains its properties at high and low temperatures in the soil for 5-7 years. Just 1 g of water-retaining superabsorbent hydrogel accumulates up to 3.5 liters of water per month in the soil. Its consumption rates for open areas are 3 g/m2; for greenhouses - 5 g/m2, and for flowerpots - 2 g per 5-liter container.

I am sure that with such an assistant, mushroom growing will become an exciting and profitable activity for you. Try it!

1. Collect young mushrooms in the forest, not by cutting them with a knife, but by pulling out the stalk along with the mushroom root.
2. Grind the lower part with roots in a meat grinder.
3. Apply the resulting mass into the soil for digging at a distance of 3 m from the tree trunk.

Mycelium threads contained in mushroom roots are able to penetrate into the roots of trees.

The mycelium takes root well on the roots of aspen and birch; accordingly, the method is suitable for breeding boletus and boletus.

Avid mushroom pickers also achieve results in growing porcini mushrooms.

" Mushrooms

The porcini mushroom is considered the most valuable and most delicious mushroom. Finding such mushrooms in the forest was considered great luck. This species grows in forests that are at least fifty years old. However, progress does not stand still and gardeners have figured out how to grow porcini mushrooms in the country or garden with their own hands. In this article we will tell you how to do this step by step at home.

For good growth, porcini mushrooms require certain conditions - air humidity of 60%. In drought conditions, even if there is moisture in the soil, the fungus stops growing. Since the body of the mushroom is not protected from evaporation, it dries out.

Temperature is of great importance for good growth. Fungal spores can grow at a temperature of +9 degrees, however optimal temperature good growth of mushrooms is a temperature from +19 to +27 degrees. If the weather is warm and rainy, mushroom growth will continue for 30 days. The white mushroom can grow up to 13 cm, and the diameter of the cap of such mushrooms will be 17.5 cm.

The lifespan of mushrooms is 13-15 days. After this period of time, the stem of the mushroom stops growing, and after two days the cap stops growing. When spores begin to form, the fungus ages.

Conditions for planting boletus mushrooms on a personal plot

Boletuses grow in coniferous forests, as well as in birch groves and in places where oaks and aspens grow. The roots of these trees have a beneficial effect on the growth of mycelium. This feature should be taken into account when planting boletus mushrooms in a personal plot. You need to plant mycelium in the garden in the place where spruce or pine grows. The resin of these trees has an antiseptic effect, killing pathogenic infections around.

Borovik cannot stand being next to fruit trees! The mycelium of mushrooms does not take root near them!

If there are no pine trees in the garden, you can place the mycelium next to pine wood buildings.

Mushrooms will grow in the garden plot if you choose the right place away from fruit trees

Technology for growing mushrooms in the cellar at home

There is no need to create additional lighting for mushrooms to grow. Accordingly, they can be easily grown at home in the cellar if you follow the growing technology. Boletuses grown in the basement will differ from mushrooms grown in their natural habitat only by their caps, which are lighter in color.

When preparing a room for growing boletus mushrooms, you must adhere to these recommendations:

• the floor, walls and ceiling must be concreted;
• walls should be whitewashed with lime with the addition copper sulfate. This will prevent the mycelium from becoming infected with all kinds of infections;
• equip additional air ventilation;
• the temperature in the basement should be maintained from +12 to +15 degrees;
• The humidity in the basement should be at least 80%. If the humidity is below the required norm, create additional humidification;
• ventilation flaps must be tightened mosquito net to prevent insects from entering the basement.

To grow mushrooms, it is important to prepare a substrate. It may consist of sunflower seed husks, dry corn stalks or sawdust from a deciduous tree. Dry the substrate well so that there are no signs of mold or rot. Treat it with hot water.

To grow boletus mushrooms, it is better to use mycelium grown in a special laboratory. You can try to grow seed material from mycelium brought from the forest, but in this case a positive result is not guaranteed.

It is best to grow porcini mushrooms in boxes filled with substrate. To prepare the substrate you will need:

• hay;
• sunflower seed husks;
• sawdust.

Sterilize the substrate and then lay it out in layers in boxes. Place the boxes on shelves at a distance of 7 cm from each other. The mycelium is buried 5 cm into the substrate. The room temperature should be 24 degrees, humidity 88%. On at this stage there is no need to ventilate the room. After the first shoots appear, reduce the temperature to 10 degrees and begin to ventilate the room.

Watering is carried out twice a day using a spray bottle. Water for irrigation should be warm. Turn on the lights for six hours a day. After 21 days you can harvest.

Planting with mycelium

If the mycelium was taken from the forest for cultivation on a summer cottage, then it is worth considering that it must be planted under a tree of the same species, otherwise it will not take root. In order to plant mycelium, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil under a tree with a radius of 70 cm from the trunk. The depth of the removed layer should be 26-28 cm. Fill the resulting depression with the prepared substrate:

• soil removed under a tree;
• leaves and pine needles;
• the bark of a tree under which mycelium is planted.

Growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale

Place the mycelium on this mixture and sprinkle it on top with soil mixed with sand and pine needles, press lightly. Then water the soil from a watering can and wait for the first mushrooms to appear.

You can also grow mushrooms from caps. To do this, collect ten mushroom caps with a diameter of 12-14 cm. Hats should not be wormy. Next to the tree where the mushrooms were collected, also collect:

• some soil;
• needles;
• leaves;
• twigs.

This will be needed when sowing. Wash the collected caps and place them in a bucket of spring water or water collected during rain for 24 hours. After this time, knead the caps well until smooth. You can grind them through a sieve. Drain the water separately into a container and start preparing the bed.

The top layer of soil next to the tree needs to be loosened and watered with water left over from soaking the mushroom caps. After the moisture is absorbed, you need to evenly scatter the ground caps over the surface, sprinkle with soil taken from under this tree and pour water on top. The soil must be constantly watered moderately. Water consumption for one tree is 40 liters. The temperature of water for irrigation must correspond to the ambient temperature.

Dilution with solution

To grow mushrooms using a solution, you need to take overripe mushrooms and chop them finely. Add 1 tablespoon of flour and 1 tablespoon of gelatin to the chopped mushrooms. Pour water into this mixture, mix everything thoroughly and pour this solution near the trees. When this solution merges with tree roots, a fungal root is formed. After two seasons, it will be possible to harvest the first harvest of porcini mushrooms.

By burial method in a summer cottage

To grow mushrooms using this method you need:

1. Collect young mushrooms and chop them finely.
2. Bury finely chopped mushrooms next to the tree.
3. Water generously. Water consumption per tree is 40 liters.
4. The first harvest can be harvested after 12 months.

A bed prepared for growing mushrooms by digging in

Using mycelium in the garden

If the mycelium was purchased at a specialized store, then it can be planted as early as May. Sowing work to sow mycelium can be carried out until September.

How to plant. Technology for beginners:

1. The growing site must be chosen under a tree, where there is a sufficient level of humidity and lighting. On an area of ​​3 sq. meter, it is necessary to remove 30 cm of the top layer of soil (the mycelium package is designed for such an area).
2. Line the bottom with a layer pine needles, put leaves and bark from the trees under which the porcini mushrooms grew. The litter layer should be at least 10 cm.
3. Sprinkle with humus.
4. Mix the mycelium with sand and sow on the prepared bedding. To prevent the mycelium from being washed out, it must be sprinkled with humus on top. The humus layer must be at least 4.5 cm thick.
5. Water the area with drip irrigation. If there is no such watering, then you can use a watering can.
6. Make sure that the soil in the garden bed does not dry out.

After some time, a mycelium forms at the planting site. With this growing method, you can harvest mushrooms from one place for five years.

Reproduction of boletus mushrooms by spores in the garden plot

If a few mushrooms have grown, they can be propagated using spores. To do this, you need to take an overripe mushroom and remove all the pulp from the cap.. Its structure resembles a sponge. This pulp contains fungal spores. Chop the pulp with a knife or grind in a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous mass. Place the resulting mass in a two-liter bottle, add 3 teaspoons of sugar, 20 grams of baker's yeast, fill this mixture with rain or spring water and place for 10-14 days in a warm and dark place.

Next 150 gr. Dilute the resulting liquid in 10 liters of water, strain through several layers of gauze and pour into a watering can. Spray this solution near growing trees. You can also water a bed of newly planted strawberries.

In order for the spores to penetrate deeply into the soil, it is necessary to spill rainwater on top of these areas. The places where the spores were planted must be kept moist. Next season you can harvest mushrooms.

Provided that the technology for growing boletus mushrooms is followed, taking into account the characteristics of their growth and adhering to the recommendations, growing mushrooms is quite possible.

Ecology of consumption. Homestead: Plant mushrooms. “Who will plant them, these are mushrooms.” But you can plant them, I checked it in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - spores that ripen in the cap.

Plant mushrooms. “Who will plant them, these are mushrooms.” But you can plant them, I checked it in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - spores that ripen in the cap.

Everyone knows the “witch’s rings”, when mushrooms grow in a ring. The explanation here is simple. The cap is round, not far from the ground, the spores are poured out "under itself". The next year the fungi grow in a small dense ring. And again, everyone gathers dust for themselves. And after 10-15 years the ring reaches a diameter of 1-2 meters. This effect should be used, especially for the propagation of mushrooms in the forest, on a summer cottage, or on an alpine hill.

This is done simply. As a rule, a mushroom picker, having found an old flabby or wormy mushroom, simply leaves it on the ground, and even turns the cap upside down. This makes absolutely no sense. That's how I do it. I take the hat and put it on a spruce branch, or pin it on a dry one. This kills two birds with one stone.

Firstly, the cap does not rot, but dries, the spores ripen and spread dust over a large area. You look, and several new foci of mycelium are emerging. Secondly, the mushroom dries. And in winter, at the hungriest time for animals, you look and see what kind of hare, squirrel or bird will please.

Your work is 5 seconds, and the benefits are great. If each mushroom picker picks at least 20-30 mushrooms per trip, then there will be more and more mushrooms, not fewer and fewer. Leave mushrooms to your descendants, do not deprive them of this pleasure.Source - Do It Yourself magazine

Mushrooms on the plot

It’s hard to believe, but up to 30 species of a wide variety of mushrooms can be grown in a garden plot. Of course, some of them settle in our gardens on their own, but we simply do not notice some of them, others we kick with our feet, considering them toadstools. However, despite the strong commitment of our compatriots to porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms and similar gifts of the forest, it would not hurt to reconsider our attitude towards some of them, growing literally under our feet, edible and tasty, but unfamiliar.

Thus, in Europe, the purple-legged row is considered one of the most delicious mushrooms. In our area it grows on potato ridges. The dissonant name dung beetle does not detract from the value of this mushroom, which can grow on the lawn, in a shady place on manured garden soil. When fried to taste, the white shaggy dung leaves behind the most delicious mushrooms. Umbrella mushrooms, ring mushrooms, and several types of champignons readily grow on composts. One cap of a motley umbrella is enough for a whole frying pan. What can we say about shiitake - oh healing properties This mushroom with a Japanese name is the stuff of legends.

My own practical experience confirms that you can grow wild mushrooms in your garden plot - porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, butter mushrooms and others.

Very often on garden plots field or forest mushrooms appear by self-sowing. Slender pigweed is often found in beds with cucumbers if birch trees grow nearby. On our lawn, fertilized with fertile substrate, two types of edible plutea mushroom grow by self-sowing. Sometimes milkweeds are found in abundance in gardens. violins, morels and other mushrooms.

In addition to forest and field mushrooms, tree mushrooms grow successfully in the open-air garden -different types oyster mushrooms honey mushrooms are summer, autumn and winter, and it’s hard to believe. - shiitake. You can successfully grow champignons and ring mushrooms in compost beds. Now let’s take a closer look at the mentioned mushrooms and how to grow them in the garden. plot.

Macorhiza mushrooms

These are fungi that live in symbiosis with trees, that is, their fruiting bodies are formed only after the introduction of mycelium into the roots of trees and the formation of mycorrhiza, or. in other words, mushroom root. This is why many cap mushrooms grow only in the forest. Moreover, often a certain mushroom is associated with a certain type of tree, as evidenced by the popular names of these mushrooms: boletus, boletus, boletus, etc. Different mushrooms have different preferences for soil fertility and its acidity.

The relationship between a tree and a fungus is generally as follows: the host tree stimulates the growth of the mycelium only if it lacks minerals. obtained from the soil. Then the branched hyphae of the fungus begin to supply the tree with mineral salts and water from the top layer of soil in exchange for carbohydrate nutrition in the form of tree sap with sugars. Therefore, porcini mushrooms are more likely to appear under a birch tree on poor sandy soil than on fertile soil. The question arises, how to make wild mushrooms grow in the garden?

Porcini

Porcini mushroom, or boletus (Boletus edulis). - the trumpet mushroom is, without a doubt, the most welcome guest, both in the kitchen and in the garden. Its nutritional value and taste are difficult to overestimate. For someone who grew up in Russia, no mushrooms smell as pleasant as dried porcini mushrooms.

It makes no sense to describe the appearance of the porcini mushroom; it is unfamiliar, perhaps, to newborns. But what about porcini mushrooms growing under different trees, differ from each other in appearance, not without interest.

Those. that grow under birch trees, the cap is light, the flesh is tender and, according to some mushroom pickers, the most delicious. Porcini mushrooms growing under the spruce are darker. And the most beautiful white mushroom, with a red-brown cap, grows under a pine tree. It is believed that each of these varieties of porcini mushroom forms mycorrhiza only with its own tree species.

Porcini mushroom in terms of dry matter contains 41% protein, which is more than any other mushroom and significantly more than meat (31%).

Porcini mushrooms prefer sandy soils if they grow under birch trees; on fertile soils with a high nitrogen content, their fruiting bodies are formed less well. Although under oak trees, which are much more demanding of soil fertility, porcini mushrooms are likely to grow in rich soil.

The birch form of the porcini mushroom is more common, since there are birch trees in almost every forest. The porcini mushroom prefers to grow under fairly mature trees - twenty years old and older. If they are not there, then it is best to bring young birch trees from the forest, but those that grew not far from the mature birch tree where porcini mushrooms were noticed.

In this case, one can hope that the tree roots already have mycorrhiza.

It is easier to grow porcini mushrooms in a garden plot if there are mature birch trees there. I have tested two methods. The first method is simple, but not effective enough. It consists of simply laying out pieces of mature mushroom under the leaf litter within a radius of 1.5 m from the trunks of birch trees. The second method turned out to be more productive; it is based on preparing a suspension of spores isolated from old mushrooms and sowing them.

Preparing a spore suspension at home

From the caps of large mature (and even overripe) porcini mushrooms collected in the forest under birch trees, you need to separate the tubular layer (hymenophore), where spores are formed, pass this mass through a meat grinder, transfer it to a container with water (1-2 kg of mushroom mass per 10 l water) and mix thoroughly. Then add 15 g of dry baker's yeast to the mixture, mix again and leave everything to brew (for convenience, the mixture can be poured into three-liter jars) at room temperature for two weeks. Soon, foam with pulp particles and small debris forms on the surface of the liquid.

There will be a clear liquid in the middle part of the container, and spores will collect in a layer of several centimeters at the bottom.

Adding baker's yeast spores to a suspension is very effective in stimulating their germination. Yeast is a nutritious substrate and also contributes to the mixing of the crushed mass of mushroom pulp and the release of spores.

Sunlight falling on the plantation in the morning and evening stimulates the fruiting of the porcini mushroom.

The foam from the surface should be carefully removed with a spoon, the water should be carefully drained, and the sediment with spores from different containers should be combined into one jar and left to settle for another week. After this, drain the supernatant liquid again, and pour the remaining suspension with spores into plastic containers. liter bottles and store in the refrigerator.

The finished spore suspension sometimes acquires a not very pleasant odor, but remains viable for a year.

It is advisable to use the spore suspension within a month after preparation, since the activity of the spores decreases during long-term storage.

Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation

Before sowing, the suspension with spores must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100. pour the liquid evenly under the birch trees (you can use a watering can with a strainer) and wait for the harvest. At good care behind the plantation, porcini mushroom fruiting bodies may appear as early as next year. What does this care involve?

As you know, all mushrooms love high soil and air humidity. Therefore in dry time every year, crops must be watered and protected from the hot midday sun. In the area for growing porcini mushrooms, under trees, it is advisable to plant shrubs or other plants that create light shade and protect the area from the sun on the south side.

Watering is needed not only during the development of mycelium in the soil, but also after the appearance of ovarian bodies. In the afternoon, when the sun’s rays no longer reach the plantation due to the crowns of tree trees and bushes, it is advisable to arrange a light “mushroom rain”. that is, watering with a fine spray of water that has warmed up during the day.

After the night, the mushroom caps are moistened with morning dew, then the moisture evaporates, and at this time the mushroom grows, since along with the evaporation of moisture, nutrients enter it from the mycelium. Then watering and drying the caps in the evening also stimulates the growth of the fruiting body.

Application to the soil mineral fertilizer may provide Negative influence on the development of mycelium, so they should not be used on a mushroom plantation.

Growing porcini mushrooms in garden plots with different conditions

In 2006, two different areas were “seeded” with a suspension of porcini mushroom spores collected in the forest and prepared using the technology described above: one in the Moscow region, the other in the Tver region. Rarely growing birch trees were present on a plot of two hundred square meters near Moscow of different ages, in the second area young birch trees grew. Previously, porcini mushrooms were not found in both garden plots. In previous years, pig mushrooms, russula and boletus mushrooms were found on a site in the Tver region. In addition to the different ages of birches on different areas, the differences in conditions were as follows: in 2007, which was considered non-fungal due to the dry summer, regular watering was carried out on the site near Moscow, while there was no watering on the site in the Tver region. Probably, these reasons led to different results, namely: on the first plot, my labors were rewarded with 20 porcini mushrooms for three waves of fruiting in August, on the second plot, porcini mushrooms never appeared.

Porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms are in a competitive relationship, so it is better to sow their spores in different areas isolated from each other with birch trees.

Obviously, the presence of old birch trees and regular watering have a beneficial effect on the growth of porcini mushrooms. One of possible reasons The absence of mushrooms in the second area, in my opinion, is the presence of boletus mycelium, which is in competition with the porcini mushroom and suppresses the development of its mycelium.

Boletus and boletus

Both of these tubular mushrooms are widespread in our forests, including those near Moscow. They. undoubtedly popular among compatriots and very tasty.

Boletus (Leccinum) is represented by two species. The boletus L. aurantiacum grows in collaboration with aspen - a beautiful mushroom with a red cap and a stalk covered with red scales.

Unfortunately, aspen is a rare tree species in the garden.

Another species of boletus - L. vulpinum - is found under pine trees. It has a darker cap and black scales on the stem. Gardeners, especially in last years, willingly plant pine trees and other conifers on their plots.

Boletuses grow better in poor sandy soils than in rich ones.

The fruiting bodies of both species have a bright taste and a strong, pleasant smell that is different from other mushrooms. Boletuses are little affected by insect larvae and are well stored. This is the perfect mushroom for stir-fries. The mushroom pieces, which partially retain their shape when fried, form a tasty crust. Fried boletuses have a slightly sour taste. Mahra (tubular layer), as a rule, is also suitable for soup and roast. The broth turns out dark, but thin slices of boletus caps with terry become a decoration for the mushroom soup.

Many gourmets put boletus in first place in terms of taste when fried or boiled.

Boletus mushrooms have an undeniable advantage over porcini and aspen mushrooms: the likelihood of their appearance in the garden plot after sowing is much higher.

Boletus or common boletus (Leccinuni scabrum). The taste is closest to porcini mushroom. When young, it has dense flesh and a beautiful velvety cap; in older boletuses, the terry becomes loose. This mushroom is in many ways inferior to porcini and boletus in consistency. Its less dense fruit body contains more water and does not store well. The legs of boletus quickly become hard and fibrous. To make boletus mushrooms more attractive in dishes, remove the terry and pre-blanch them to remove some of the excess water.

With proper care of the boletus plantation, its harvests are more frequent and higher than those of the porcini mushroom. When the soil is regularly moistened, they can appear under birch trees on their own. In a garden plot where the growth of mushrooms is under constant observation, boletus mushrooms do not have time to worm themselves, they can be collected in a timely manner, although under natural conditions these mushrooms are severely affected by insect larvae and quickly deteriorate.

Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation in a garden plot

A joint suspension of boletus and boletus was prepared in the same way as in the case of porcini mushroom. When settled in jars, boletus spores settled in the form of a dark layer. The boletus spores mostly remained mixed with the pulp and did not precipitate well, so it was necessary to use a suspension of spores along with the pulp.

Sowing of boletus and boletus was carried out in August 2006 on a garden plot in the Moscow region throughout its entire territory, except for two acres allocated for porcini mushroom.

In dry times, the soil was regularly moistened, as on a plantation with porcini mushrooms. The mushroom area was lined up from direct hits sun rays in the daytime thanks to plantings, but was illuminated by the morning and evening sun. When fruiting bodies appeared, watering was done daily.

Mushroom harvest

By sowing the spores, we hoped that the boletus would take root on the roots of pine trees, and the boletus would take root on the roots of birch trees. In 2006, one boletus grew on this site, but in 2007 there were none. The boletus mushrooms gave big harvests. To be fair, it must be said that boletus mushrooms were found in this garden plot in 2006 before our sowing. But in the non-mushroom year of 2007, there were several times more of them than in the wet mushroom year of 2006.

However, we do not lose hope for good boletus “harvests” in the future: the appearance of even a single mushroom inspires confidence.

Chanterelles and dry milk mushrooms

Chanterelles and milk mushrooms are also mycorrhizal fungi. These mushrooms have gnmenophores. where the spores ripen, in the form of plates, which is why they are called lamellar. The fox is in symbiosis with coniferous species trees, although it is also found in deciduous forests, and dry milk mushrooms form mycorrhiza with birch trees. Both mushrooms prefer calcareous soil. The true chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) grows steadily from June until frost, constantly and everywhere, even in a dry year.

In Europe, and even in Russia, many prefer chanterelles to other mushrooms. There are reasons for this. They are bright yellow so they are easy to find. They often come across in groups, so you can collect quite a lot of them. Even those who are not particularly knowledgeable about mushrooms know that chanterelles are not poisonous. Chanterelles often appear spontaneously in garden plots if there are coniferous trees there.

Concerning taste qualities chanterelles, then their taste and smell, although mushroom, are weak. They are good for frying, as they do not fry much, but it is better to cook them together with other, more aromatic mushrooms. published

Today you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown in your own garden, homemade mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically resistant to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding the delicacy is not difficult. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the soil, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the mycelium of an organism with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?

Almost any fruiting bodies can be grown in the country house and in the garden. At the same time, due to the lack of a vegetative period for mushrooms, they can be grown all year round, except winter. But in order for home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. First of all, we are talking about the choice of place for planting fruiting bodies, the quality of the soil and the availability of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to seamlessly connect with the root system of the plant, fully feed and utilize excess moisture.

The most successful options for growing edible forest mushrooms on a personal plot are:

• oyster mushrooms;
• milk mushrooms;
• Polish mushrooms;
• boletuses or redheads;
• porcini mushrooms or porcini mushrooms;
• boletus;
• yellow chanterelles;
• boletus;
• flywheels chestnut or brown mushrooms;
• russula-dewlaps;
• saffron milk caps;
• honey mushrooms;
• Champignon.

Exotic types of fruiting bodies, such as truffles, also lend themselves well to cultivation in the country. The method of cultivating mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.

Growing technology

If mushrooms are planted correctly and conditions for their growth are favorable, the first harvest can be expected within 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus and other species. The duration of fruiting of the mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. At the same time, from 1 m² the amount of harvest reaches from 2 to 4 kg.

Breeding methods

To cultivate forest mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used that are ideal both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.

Forest mycelium dive

For planting, it is necessary to deliver carefully dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be handled very carefully, making sure that the soil in it is not shaken and the vegetative body is not deformed. Before planting, the soil must be specially prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30–40 cm of the top layer of soil and lay compost at the bottom of the resulting small pit. After which the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For better growth of mushrooms, the place where they are transplanted should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the mother one.

Germination through mycelium

Represents the most popular method of growing mushrooms. It is produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. The soil is carefully prepared for planting mycelium. A place for mushrooms is selected in a shady and humid area of ​​the site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree with which the fruiting body will subsequently come into contact. The total sown area of ​​the mycelium is determined by its quantity in the package.

Preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from pine needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are placed on the bottom of a previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with soil and a growth stimulator, after which the resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. An alternative to natural compost can be a ready-made mushroom substrate.

This method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the area and compliance with the watering regime. It is very important to prevent the soil from drying out, so in dry seasons drip irrigation of the mycelium is allowed. If all work is carried out correctly, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed as early as next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.

Reproduction through mushroom seedlings (solution)

A simple and affordable way to cultivate wild mushrooms. The seeding mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be left in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.

Growing by spores

The simplest method. It consists of dispersing fungal spores throughout the area. To do this, overripe fruiting bodies collected in the forest are crushed into crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing area itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create conditions as close as possible to forest conditions. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.

If there are no forest trees on the plot, fruiting bodies can be planted on the shady side of wooden buildings. Particular attention should be paid to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.

To ensure that your hard work bears fruit and the efficiency of cultivating edible forest mushrooms is maximized, adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting off the stalk, but by removing them entirely from the ground with roots.
• When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
• The mushrooms collected must be healthy.
• To make the mycelium take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45–50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
• Process collected mushrooms no later than 10 hours after they are collected. Sowing the material should be done the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated; frozen mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation.
• Before planting, it is necessary to clean the soil prepared for mycelium from pathogenic microflora, disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
• The mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from the trees.
• To avoid drying out of the mycelium, the planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.