People who are not professionally versed in carpentry are used to the fact that a door is something monolithic, an integral product, and meanwhile, many centuries have passed since doors began to be made from several elements, the quality of each of which is very important for the quality of a wooden door in in general. Here we will talk about these components of the door.
Components of an interior door
Usually the door leaf, in fact, is called the door, but in fact, this is far from the only part. general design. This is the part of the door that closes the doorway. Made canvas maybe from solid wood and MDF, if we are really talking about doors high level. The door leaf can be either solid or with different kind glass inserts, wooden gratings, etc.
The ways of decorating the door leaf can be different - this is wood carving, veneering of various types of wood, plastic or metal elements, etc. Externally, there can be a huge variety of options.
The canvas itself consists either of a frame made of solid wood timber, or of elements called standing, ligaments and a paneled part (that is, solid wood panels, paneled doors). The vertical side elements are standing (racks) - loops are attached to them and the lock crashes. Transverse (horizontal) elements - ligaments. Everything that is inside this so-called frame is called a panel (paneled part). The paneled part can be either made of solid wood or MDF, or replaced with glass. There may be two or more paneled parts.
2. Box
Hinged to box- that is, to two racks and a crossbar, which in turn are attached to the wall opening. At the bottom, sometimes they put an additional crossbar - the “threshold”.
The box must be massive and resistant to changes in temperature and humidity. This is important for reliable fastening of the door structure in the opening.
It is advisable to insert seals into racks and crossbars, as in plastic windows. This will reduce the sounds of closing the door, as well as all sounds, and will not allow smells and drafts to spread around the apartment.
3. Platbands
Platbands are wooden planks that close the junction of the box and the wall (seam), making out a common doorway. They are different in form:
Rectangular,
- semicircular and curly (that is, radius).
platbands are attached to the box with special nails so that the hats are not visible.
Platbands are made of wood or MDF.
4. Extras
If the walls are wide enough, then between the box and the casing there is an open space in the alignment of the wall opening.
To close this opening, extensions are used. They look like wide rectangular architraves.
5. Fittings
Accessories are hinges, door handles, locks, chains, latches, in general, all the remaining details of the door structure.
Classic door fittings are most often made of brass. Of course, the fittings must match the overall design of the door, because it is it that largely reflects the belonging of a wooden door to a particular style.
In order to choose the right supplements for interior doors, it is important to know the dimensions of the box and opening. For ease of replacement work door structures according to GOST were installed standard parameters regarding the dimensions of all elements of the product. However, sometimes they differ from the generally accepted ones. In this case, it is important to know how to adjust your own indicators to the established standards.
Design features
To better understand how to determine the dimensions, consider the components:
- box. A frame that holds the canvas in the opening and fixes it in the desired position. It consists of a top rail, two side rails and can be completed with a sill.
- Dobory. An intermediate link between the box and platbands. These elements close the section of the wall for which the thickness of the loot was not enough.
- canvas. The door itself, that is, the element that blocks the opening. Mounted on hinges or sliding system. It is also equipped with other fittings: locks, handles, door closer. Can be integral, consist of several parts, combine different materials etc.
The main components of the doorway
If the thickness of the wall matches the dimensions of the box, no extensions are required.
GOST are installed. In individual production, deviations are allowed with the observance of the correct ratios.
Box dimensions
To understand whether extensions are needed, you need to know the width of the door frame. Ideally, it is customized to the finished walls. If in the future it is planned to cover the surface with plaster or tiles, leave a small gap if the thickness of the frame does not match the opening. If the width of the elements is too small, then it is necessary to consider the option of using extensions.
The standard thickness of the frame of interior doors depends on the conditions of their installation, in particular on the type of wall structure. Bearing sections are always thicker than conventional partitions.
The height is set within 200 cm, but there are also larger products. If the frame height turned out to be higher when buying, this is easy to fix by sawing off the excess along the side elements.
Schematic representation of the ratio of the box and the opening
The third component is width. Standard sizes set at 60, 70 and 80 mm. If necessary, they can be increased. For a precise fit upper crossbar filed before the final connection of the frame elements.
Dobor sizes
Extensions are no less important part of the design than the box itself. If you could not choose a frame of the required thickness, you can use them to eliminate the disadvantage associated with the presence of a “bare” section of the wall in the opening. Dimensions door extensions are selected individually.
There are two types of extensions:
- Standard Straight. These are flat strips that are fixed in the opening. Available with or without a protective edge. The exact width is determined by fitting and sawing unnecessary material. Attach with nails or glue. standard height is 2 m.
- Telescopic. Ideal Solution. Particularly relevant is the use telescopic extensions for interior doors in the case when the width cannot be accurately determined. They are established by lock connection"thorn-groove". The protruding part of the extension is driven into a groove machined in the box. Thus it is possible to obtain right size. The width can also be adjusted from the reverse side, where the elements are connected to the platbands according to the same principle.
Varieties of door extensions according to the method of fastening
Dobory for doors are different sizes. Today, the range of goods is unusually high. You can pick up products on average from 70 to 400 mm. This applies to all models.
Key Requirements
In order to match the dimensions of the box with the canvas in accordance with the established standards, it is necessary to highlight the basic directions of the size ratio, according to standard requirements GOST:
- The gap between the wall and the box should be 1-1.5 cm, so that there is room for adjusting the position, cushioning and even distribution of the load through the use of mounting foam.
- A gap of 3 mm is provided between the canvas and the loot around the entire perimeter. The distance from the floor to the door in the absence of a threshold should be 1 cm.
- As heat and sound insulation, it is planned to use a sealing strip around the entire perimeter. If the required gaps are not maintained between the canvas and the box, a thicker seal is used.
If the elements of filling the doorway violate the standard dimensions, it is possible to correct them - file the box or remove the layer of the canvas.
Of course, it is undesirable to do this, but if there is no other way out, try not to damage the front cover. To increase the size, inserts and fillers are used.
In order not to get into a difficult situation, order doors after the completion of the main work on the redevelopment and finishing of the opening. Special attention pay attention to the choice of the company, its reputation and the level of qualification of employees.
Doorways in walls and partitions are filled with door frames with door panels hung on them. Structurally, the door frame, like the window frame, is a frame, the dimensions of the elements of which depend on the location of the doors and their type. When the doors are hinged, the boxes have quarters on inner surface size 15x40 mm for the porch with door leafs.
Door frames in the openings of stone walls, which, as a rule, have quarters, are fastened with nails or ruffs driven into special wooden inserts in the masonry of the walls of the openings or directly into brickwork walls. Before installation in the openings of stone walls, door frames are antiseptic and upholstered with roofing felt or roofing felt, the gaps between the wall and the frame are sealed with caulking, and the slopes are plastered cement-sand mortar(Fig. 25.13.).
In partitions, door frames are attached to the strapping elements in the openings, and the gaps between the partition and the frame are closed with platbands. The platbands below the floor can end with bedside tables - short profiled strips that close the gaps between the floor and the platbands (Fig. 25.13.c. and 25.14. a. b.).
For filling doorways in internal walls and partitions in civil buildings of mass construction are used, as a rule, wooden doors, the leaves of which have a thickness of 40 mm, a height of 2000 mm and a width of 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1100 mm (single-leaf doors); as well as a height of 2300 mm and a width of 1200, 1400 and 1800 mm (total width of double doors). For utility rooms, for example, sanitary facilities, it is allowed to use door panels with a thickness of 30 mm and a height of at least 1800 mm (doors to bathrooms, toilets, pantries, etc.).
Rice. 25.13. Fastening door blocks to walls and partitions and hanging door panels:
a - the location of plugs-liners in the masonry walls; b - fastening door frame to Wall; in - the same, to the partition; d, e, - hanging door swing panels; e - the same, with swinging canvases; 1 - door frame; 2 - plug-liner; 3 - a quarter in the wall and box; 4 - caulk; 5 - ruff; 6 - door leaf; 7 - only; 8 - casing; 9 - strapping; 10 - handle; 11 - door closer; 12 - loops; 13 - upper hinge; 14 - lower hinge-thrust with door closing mechanism
Rice. 25.14. The adjunction of the lower part of the door frames to the walls and partitions and the design of the door panels:
a - the bottom of the door frame in the wall opening; b - the same, in the opening of the partition; in - panel door leaf; g - the same, paneled; e - detail of the shield fabric with a strapping frame; e - the same, without a frame; g, h, k - a detail of a paneled canvas with a bar trim having a groove for a panel; and - the same, with fastening of the panel with layouts; l - carpentry on dowels; m - the same, on the slats; 1 - casing; 2 - bedside table; 3 - carpentry bars-slats; 4 - facing with veneer or plywood; 5 - frame; 6 - casing; 7 - box; 8 - dowel on glue; 9 - panel; 10 - layout; 11 - influx; 12 - key; 13 - strap
Entrance doors to the apartment from the landing or corridor have a width of 900 mm with reinforced door leafs and boxes with thresholds, for entering rooms - 800 mm, and for utility rooms
rooms - 600 and 700 mm.
The design of door panels depends on the purpose of the doors and can be shield, paneled or strapping. The panel door leaf consists of a bar frame, which is filled with a solid board of bars or slats, or a frame of bars or slats and covered on both sides with plywood veneer, fiberboard or plastic. Panel boards can also be without strapping in the form of a solid slab of bars or slats with plywood veneer or fiberboard facing (Fig. 25.14.e.d.e.)
Paneled the door leaf consists of an external vertical and horizontal trim located along the perimeter of the leaf, mullions (intermediate elements) and filling between the trim and mullions, called panels (Fig. 25.14.g.zh.z.i.k.).
Panels they are made of boards, plywood, fibreboard, plastic, while the interior doors are made with single-layer panels, and the entrance doors are multi-layered with a gasket, if necessary, between layers of insulating material. Paneled doors are used in unique buildings, in individual construction and etc.
doors strapping structures have a strapping of solid wooden elements and filling in the form of flat elements made of plywood, fibreboard, plastic, glass, etc.
For domestic entrance doors use door frames with thresholds and blind door panel swing panels with continuous filling of panels wooden blocks or rails, and for interior doors panel panels with frame filling and door frames with and without thresholds can be used with the installation of mounting boards that are attached to the lower ends of the vertical trims of door frames, while the door panels can be hinged or swinging. Swinging canvases are hung on door frames using special spring hinges that provide opening in both directions and automatic closing of the canvases (Fig. 25.15.).
One of the common options visual magnification space in the room is the dismantling of interior doors. This solution allows you to visually expand the premises, create a single space in the interior. In this case, an important task arises - finishing the doorway. In this article, we have collected the most popular and non-trivial ways to solve this issue.
Opening preparation
Preparation process working surface varies due to the materials chosen as finishing.
Types of finishing materials
The choice of materials for finishing the doorway in the construction market is extensive, there are options for both economy class and expensive alternatives. It all depends directly on the needs, desires and capabilities of buyers, as well as several important aspects:
- you should not save on the quantity and quality of fasteners (for example, if you make a crate of wooden bars, then you need to look at them for mold, rot and large cracks);
- when buying materials packaged in different boxes, you should check the batches of deliveries, if they differ, then the shade of the contents may also differ;
- the durability of the material, its ability to withstand daily contact with various external influences - this is what all masters should think about first of all.
Using the most popular options for finishing a doorway as an example, let's take a closer look at the workflow for each of them.
Plaster
This option can be called the most popular due to the simplicity of work and the practicality of using the finishing material.
The only thing to take care of before starting finishing is to cover the floor with film or newspapers so as not to damage or contaminate the surface.
- Work begins with the preparation of the opening: cleaning from old materials and priming the surface.
- Installation of beacons (should mix a little solution and fix the perforated corners on the walls, exposing them to the building level).
- A masonry reinforcing mesh is attached between the corners.
- The building mixture is prepared in the required quantity.
- Using several spatulas, the mixture is applied to the walls in a chaotic manner, after which, using the rule, it is smoothed over the surface.
It is important to remember that the thickness of one layer should not exceed 2 cm, otherwise voids or cracks may form, and this will adversely affect the durability of the finish.
If everything is observed, it remains to wait until the surface dries, and you can proceed to finishing: painting, wallpapering or applying decorative mixtures.
Clinker tiles, mosaic
This material is intended for cladding a variety of areas of a residential building, including a doorway. There are no special laying rules, options are offered depending on the interior design:
Facing a doorway with tiles or mosaics does not require special tools or special skills, the workflow consists of step-by-step actions:
- after the surfaces are cleaned and plastered, it is necessary to apply markings, according to which the tile will be located in the doorway;
- prepare a special glue (liquid nails are used only in cases where the surface is perfectly flat);
- apply glue with a spatula reverse side tiles, distribute it over the surface, remove excess;
- press the tile against the wall and hold for a few seconds, applying force.
In order for the products to be fixed evenly on the surface of the opening, plastic glazing beads should be prepared in advance, which are inserted into the seams between the tiles. It is removed after the adhesive mass has hardened, not earlier than after 24 hours.
It is very important - if the adhesive gets on the surface of the tile, it should be removed immediately, since the hardened mass is very difficult to remove.
When the opening is completely ennobled, the seams between the tiles are sealed with special grouts, the color of which is matched to the tone of the walls or finishing materials.
Decorative rock
Another option that is used as an alternative to clinker tiles is decorative rock. It has several advantages over other finishing materials:
- exact imitation of natural rocks, while there are a lot of varieties of textures: marble, limestone, jasper, brick, wood cut and many others.
- endures high humidity without consequences;
- easy to care for, because does not require application special means to remove dirt from the surface;
- resistant to mechanical damage subject to the installation rules.
The installation process is very similar to laying clinker tiles, but there are several important points not to be forgotten:
- depending on the thickness, the weight of the products may vary, which may increase the consumption of the adhesive mass;
- acquiring finishing material, inspect a few pieces from the back, if there are many pores on the surface, they have a low density, which will affect the strength of the stone.
This finishing material is found in two types:
- Natural. It is made from natural rocks, crushed into crumbs. Such products are distinguished by their weight and strength under direct mechanical influences.
- Artificial. Its basis is gypsum, to which dyes and polymers are added. The main advantage is the low price, which fluctuates around 300-800 rubles per square meter.
Wood panels, MDF
No less popular option for decoration door slopes are wooden or MDF panels, laminated wood, which harmoniously fit into the classic style. The benefits include:
- aesthetics;
- durability;
- no visible defects in contact with water.
The process of installing wood or MDF panels will require you to purchase additional materials – wooden slats, which will be used as a crate:
- The slats are cut to fit the width of the opening and fastened with dowels and self-tapping screws to the walls.
- The panels are also adjusted to the opening with a slight indentation, which is hidden using the end corner.
- The start panel is fixed with finishing nails.
- All subsequent panels are fastened through a tenon groove (connection system present on the products).
- From the end, the structure is closed with a side panel - a casing, which is attached to nails to the crate or end corner.
Photo instruction for finishing the opening MDF panels To hide fasteners, you can use a special furniture wax or adhesive plugs, matching them to the color of the panels.
Such a finish will look rich, even if inexpensive MDF panels with a textured pattern under exotic wood were used.
Laminate
Many finishers love laminate for its flexibility, which allows it to be sheathed with this material in almost any openings, corners and nooks and crannies found in residential premises. The only thing to worry about is that it does not tolerate moisture well, and after contact with water, swelling can form on the ends of the products, and such defects are not eliminated.
The laminate is fastened with self-tapping screws to the crate in the same way as finishing PVC panels or MDF.
If the walls are relatively even, then you can use liquid nails and spacers, which for several hours will press the material to the surface of the walls.
Stucco - plaster and polyurethane foam
One of the most interesting, but in its own way capricious materials is stucco. Using it in the interior to finish the doorway, you should maintain a single concept overall design, fit into the style that is inherent in columns, pilasters with capitals and other similar decorative elements.
Stucco molding on the opening should be combined with other elements of the interior, for example, with floor and ceiling plinths There are two types of stucco on the construction market:
- Gypsum. Without it, it is impossible to imagine the interiors of country houses made in the Venetian or classical style. But in small apartments such products seem too bulky, interior openings narrow not only visually, but also in fact. Plus, gypsum is a very heavy and brittle material; under mechanical stress, it will not last long.
- Artificial, or rather polyurethane, is an affordable analogue of gypsum.
The advantages of polyurethane foam decor can also include:
- ease of construction;
- ease of installation: products are easily cut with a clerical knife and attached to liquid nails;
- a variety of ready-made forms;
- The polyurethane surface is suitable for painting.
The stucco molding looks perfect framed by a doorway with an arch, especially if the width allows you to erect monolithic column supports along the edges.
doorway shapes
Finishing openings between rooms without a door is difficult not only in the choice of material used, but also in what shape this very opening will be.
The solution of this issue will affect the harmony of the transition between rooms, the lighting of the premises, the combination of styles in the interior and the practicality of moving.
Rectangular
The most common option is rectangular. Such an opening remains immediately after dismantling the door frame and it has its advantages:
- suitable for all finishing materials;
- construction of additional structures is not required;
- clearly delimits two living spaces, for example, a balcony and a kitchen, while visually expanding both;
- great for modern styles interior design.
A wide rectangular opening allows you to use slopes as niches for interior items Arched
The arch has an interesting ability: in rooms with low ceilings she visually raises them, and in cases with high ones, on the contrary, lowers them. At the same time, the wider the opening in the form of an arch, the lower the ceiling appears.
Many prefer this option for its softness, lack of sharp corners, this makes transitions between rooms more seamless. The arch fits perfectly when entering the hall, if it is wide enough, the movement between the rooms will be imperceptible.
The absence of a massive decor of the doorway emphasizes the beauty and complexity of the rest of the interior. A nice addition are turnkey solutions– dobory arched type, prepared for installation in doorways.
The extensions and the developed edging of the opening emphasize the complex shape of the opening, making it a visual accent. Trapezoidal
This form is used very rarely, this is due to the fact that in small areas such a solution has the opposite effect: the room does not expand, and the ceiling visually lowers. Especially in cases where the upper horizontal part of the trapezoid is too narrow. It may seem that when making the opening they wanted to make an arch, but they did not have enough strength and skills.
Such an opening looks good when it matches the shape of the room behind it, as in this picture. The polygon will fit well into the transition, where double-leaf interior doors were planned or installed. With the help of drywall, you can easily and effortlessly turn a rectangular gap into a smooth trapezoid, fixing it at the corners of the opening.
Asymmetric
The doorway, which embodies the fantasies of the owners of the living quarters, is an asymmetric shape. Designers love her for the opportunity to implement the most amazing solutions. The opening ceases to be the border of two rooms, it turns into an apartment decoration, into an element that attracts the eye and emphasizes a given style.
Asymmetric opening - the highlight of any interior However, here there are nuances that many people forget about and face difficulties in the process of work:
- you can’t take on the expansion of the opening without creating a project that will take into account all the possibilities bearing walls and overlaps;
- sharp corners and sharp shapes have a negative psychological impact on those around; it is necessary to minimize the presence of irritating factors so that the ennobled openings serve as its advantage, and not its disadvantage.
Curtain decoration
Simple but very interesting option decorating a doorway with curtains is a look into the past. A few decades ago, this is how people demarcated the living space, decorating the passageway with wooden or fabric curtains. The desired effect was achieved: the boundaries of the room were visually outlined, while the space was not closed.
Curtain - a simple and effective solution But such solutions are popular even now, only the variety of forms and materials has become much greater. The most commonly used bamboo sticks are very durable and make a pleasant sound when colliding with each other. You can paint them yourself in the desired shade or choose ready-made version for your interior.
You can use curtains anywhere, even on the border of the hallway with the bathroom, though it's a little intimate, but if the owners of the home are interested in this option, then why not experiment.
Modern interior doors perform many functions, the main of which is the delimitation of the space of different rooms into separate living areas, for each of which you can create an independent atmosphere, isolate various purpose rooms and create absolute different interior designs. Also, interior doors allow a person to retire in their own world and space. So, in one room, the child can study in complete silence, and in the other room there will be a cheerful and noisy feast of his parents and family friends. If we talk about the aesthetic side, then interior doors can decorate and emphasize the interior of a room, highlight some of its elements or visually enlarge the space.
One of the most popular interior doors are wood doors. Moreover, wooden interior doors can be either made of solid wood or made of a frame and MDF or chipboard. Next, we will look at the main structural elements interior door.
Fake box
False box is predominantly wooden product, which is installed at the construction stage and greatly facilitates the future installation of an interior door. This product is a box in which the door frame is installed. Modern builders usually do not use false boxes - instead they use polyurethane foam. Mounting foam fixes the doors in the opening, and the fixing process itself is very simple, inexpensive and fast. However, the mounting foam is short-lived and over time the door loosens. If you install a false box in the opening, this situation is not observed - the doors will be rigidly fixed for a long time.
Door leaf
The door leaf is the movable part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Door leaves are divided into deaf, paneled and glazed. Glazed door leafs are equipped with through openings in which transparent, frosted, colored or embossed glass is installed. Deaf doors are distinguished by the absence of panels and glazing.
Paneled doors are distinguished by the presence of flat or convex panels. Panels can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard. It should be understood that solid wood panels are used the least often, since when they are installed in rooms with a high level of humidity, they can change their shape and deform the door leaf or, on the contrary, decrease, which will cause unpainted areas on the panels. That is why doors with similar elements require the support of certain climate modes, however, if the panels are made of MDF or chipboard, they are not so sensitive to humidity levels and temperature.
It should be understood that the canvases are made of solid wood or a solid wood frame with honeycomb and MDF or chipboard panels. Doors made from a single piece of wood - solid wood, have a lot of weight, which requires the installation of more durable door hinges that need to be more carefully looked after. Unlike solid wood doors, leaf frame doors light, which does not impose special requirements on the quality and strength of door hinges.
door frame
The door frame (box) of an interior door is a fixed element that is made of solid wood or MDF and is a profile to which the door leaf is attached. The door frame is securely installed in the false frame. In the case of foaming, the door frame is installed directly in the doorway and attached to the wall. It must be understood that during assembly, the dimensions of the door frame are adjusted directly to the door leaf, and not to the door connector in the wall.
The box consists of two uprights and one or two crossbars. Special slots are made in the vertical and transverse racks, which provide the installation of telescopic trim. If such an element is not provided, slots are not made.
According to the stylistic design, the door frame is made to match the color and texture of the door leaf. However, it is not always made from an identical coating material. For example, you can find doors made of natural veneer with a door frame with artificial coating to match the color and texture of the natural veneer of the door leaf.
Interior door trims
Platbands for an interior door are decorative overhead elements that hide the junction of the door frame with the doorway. The connection of the door frame can be either foamed or with a false frame. Platbands are traditionally made from various materials, among which the most popular are platbands made of solid wood, veneered MDF or plywood. According to the style of execution, platbands are divided into flat, figured and semicircular.
It should be noted that, depending on the installation, there are overhead and telescopic platbands. Overhead architraves are simply superimposed on the door elements and part of the wall and fastened with adhesive solutions or fasteners. Telescopic architraves are distinguished by a special method of fastening, which is provided for at the production stage of the door frame. At the production stage, slots are made in the door frame, into which special guiding elements of the trim are inserted. This solution allows you to install the platbands perfectly evenly relative to the door frame and door leaf.
door extension
Door dobor is a mounting decorative element interior door, which is used if the width of the door frame does not match the width of the wall. Dobor is wood panel, which is installed between the platband and the door frame, which allows you to gracefully hide the excess wall, which was formed due to the difference in the width of the door frame and the wall.
The use of extensions made it possible to aesthetically solve the problem of finishing the section of the wall that is not covered by the box. Previously, this part was covered with wallpaper, applied putty or painted. With the advent of door extensions, this problem decided by itself. There is no need to invent something, and most importantly, there is no need to bring out and level the corners of the doorway - they are completely formed by trim and trim.
