Shed roof 6 meters wide. Shed roof truss system: use a calculator to calculate the truss system. The choice of the angle of the roof

Today, profile pipe trusses are rightfully considered ideal solution for the construction of a garage, residential building and outbuildings. Strong and durable, these designs are inexpensive, quick to build, and can be handled by anyone with a modicum of math and cutting and welding skills.

And how to choose the right profile, calculate the farm, make jumpers in it and install, we will now tell you in detail. For this we have prepared for you detailed master classes making such farms, video tutorials and valuable tips from our experts!

So what is a farm? This is a structure that ties the supports together into one single whole. In other words, the farm belongs to simple architectural structures, among the valuable advantages of which we highlight the following: high strength, excellent performance, low cost and good resistance to deformations and external loads.

Due to the fact that such trusses have a high bearing capacity, they are placed under any roofing materials, regardless of their weight.

The use in the construction of metal trusses from new or rectangular closed profiles is considered one of the most rational and constructive solutions. And for good reason:

The main secret is in savings due to the rational shape of the profile and the connection of all elements of the lattice.
Another valuable advantage of profile pipes for use in their manufacture of trusses is equal stability in two planes, excellent streamlining and ease of use.
With all their low weight, such trusses can withstand serious loads!

Roof trusses differ in the shape of the belts, the type of section of the rods and the types of lattice. And with the right approach, you can independently weld and install a truss from a profile pipe of any complexity! Even this one:

Stage II. We acquire a quality profile

So, before drafting future farms, you first need to decide on such important points:

contours, size and shape of the future roof;
material for the manufacture of the upper and lower chords of the truss, as well as its lattice;

Remember one simple thing thing: the profile pipe frame has so-called balance points, which are important to determine for the stability of the entire truss. And it is very important to choose under this load quality material:

Farms are built from a profile pipe of such types of sections: rectangular or square. Those are issued different sizes section and diameter, with different wall thicknesses:

We recommend those that are specially sold for small buildings: these go up to 4.5 meters long and have a section of 40x20x2 mm.
If you will make farms longer than 5 meters, then choose a profile with parameters 40x40x2 mm.
For a full-scale construction of the roof of a residential building, you will need profile pipes with the following parameters: 40x60x3 mm.

The stability of the entire structure is directly proportional to the thickness of the profile, so do not use pipes for the manufacture of trusses, which are intended only for welding racks and frames - here are other characteristics. Also pay attention to which method the product was manufactured: by electric welding, hot-formed or cold-formed.

If you undertake to make such trusses on your own, then take square-section blanks - it is easiest to work with them. Get a square profile 3-5 mm thick, which will be strong enough and close in its characteristics to metal bars. But if you will make a farm just for a visor, then you can give preference to a more budget option.

Be sure to consider snow and wind loads in your area when designing. After all, when choosing a profile (in terms of the load on it), the angle of inclination of the trusses is of great importance:

You can more accurately design a truss from a profile pipe using online calculators.

We only note that the simple design truss from a profile pipe is several uprights and horizontal levels to which roof rafters can be attached. You can buy such a frame ready-made on your own, even on order in any city in Russia.

Stage III. We calculate the internal stress of the trusses

The most important and responsible task is to correctly calculate the truss from the profile pipe and select the desired format of the internal lattice. To do this, we need a calculator or something similar to it. software, as well as some tabular data of SNiPs, which for this:

SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads).
SNiP p-23-81 (data on steel structures).

Please review these documents if possible.

Roof shape and slope

The farm is needed for which specific roof? Shed, gable, domed, arched or hipped? The easiest option, of course, is the manufacture of a standard shed canopy. But you can also calculate and manufacture quite complex farms yourself:

A standard truss consists of such important elements as the upper and lower chords, racks, braces and auxiliary struts, which are also called sprengels. Inside the trusses there is a grid system; welds, rivets, special paired materials and scarves are used to connect pipes.

And, if you are going to make a complex-shaped roof, then such trusses will be for her ideal option. It is very convenient to make them according to a template right on the ground, and only then lift them up.

Most often in the construction of a small country house, garage or change house, the so-called Polonso farms are used - special design triangular trusses connected by puffs, and the lower belt here comes out raised.

In fact, in this case, in order to increase the height of the structure, the lower chord is made broken, and then it is 0.23 of the flight length. For the interior space of the room is very convenient.

So, in total there are three main options for making a truss, depending on the slope of the roof:

from 6 to 15°;
from 15 to 20°;
from 22 to 35°.

What is the difference you ask? For example, if the angle of the structure is small, only up to 15 °, then it is rational to make the trusses in a trapezoidal shape. And at the same time, it is quite possible to reduce the weight of the structure itself, taking in height from 1/7 to 1/9 of the total flight length.

Those. follow this rule: the lower the weight, the greater the height of the truss. But if we already have a complex geometric shape, then you need to choose a different type of truss and gratings.

Types of trusses and roof shapes

Here is an example of specific trusses for each type of roof (single, double, complex):

Let's look at the types of farms:

triangular trusses are a classic for making the base for steep roof slopes or sheds. The cross section of pipes for such farms must be selected taking into account the weight of the roofing materials, as well as the operation of the building itself. Triangular farms are good because they have simple shapes are easy to calculate and implement. They are valued for under-roofing providing natural light. But we also note the disadvantages: these are additional profiles and long rods in the central segments of the lattice. And also here you will have to face some difficulties when welding sharp reference corners.
The next view is polygonal farms from a profile pipe. They are indispensable for the construction of large areas. Their welding is already of a more complex shape, and therefore they are not designed for lightweight structures. But such trusses are distinguished by greater metal savings and strength, which is especially good for hangars with large spans.
It is also considered strong truss with parallel belts. Such a farm differs from others in that it has all the details - repeating, with the same length of rods, belts and gratings. That is, there are a minimum of joints, and therefore it is easiest to calculate and cook one from a profile pipe.
A separate species is single slope trapezoidal truss supported by columns. Such a farm is ideal when a rigid fixation of the structure is necessary. She has slopes (braces) on the sides and there are no long rods of the upper crate. Suitable for roofs where reliability is especially important.

Here is an example of making trusses from a profile pipe as a universal option that is suitable for any garden buildings. We are talking about triangular farms, and you have probably already seen them many times:

A triangular truss with a crossbar is also quite simple, and is quite suitable for building gazebos and change houses:

And here arched farms are already much more difficult to manufacture, although they have a number of valuable advantages:

Your main task is to center the elements of the metal truss from the center of gravity in all directions, in simple terms, to minimize the load and correctly distribute it.

Therefore, choose the type of farm that is more suitable for this purpose. In addition to those listed above, a scissor truss, asymmetric, U-shaped, two-hinged, a truss with parallel belts and an attic truss with and without supports are also popular. As well as the attic view of the farm:

Grating types and point load

You will be interested to know that a certain design of the internal lattices of trusses is selected not at all for aesthetic reasons, but for quite practical ones: for the shape of the roof, the geometry of the ceiling and the calculation of loads.

You need to design your farm in such a way that all forces are concentrated specifically in the nodes. Then there will be no bending moments in the belts, braces and trusses - they will only work in compression and tension. And then the cross section of such elements is reduced to necessary minimum while significantly saving on material. And the farm itself, to everything, you can easily make articulated.

Otherwise, the force distributed over the rods will constantly act on the truss, and a bending moment will appear, in addition to the total stress. And here then it is important to correctly calculate the maximum bending values for each individual rod.

Then the cross section of such rods should be larger than if the truss itself was loaded with point forces. To summarize: trusses, on which the distributed load acts evenly, are made of short elements with hinged nodes.

Let's see what is the advantage of one or another type of lattice in terms of load distribution:

triangular Lattice systems are always used in trusses with parallel chords and trapezoidal truss. Its main advantage is that it gives the smallest total grating length.
Diagonal the system is good at low truss heights. But the consumption of material for it is considerable, because here the entire path of effort goes through the nodes and rods of the lattice. And therefore, when designing, it is important to lay a maximum of rods so that the long elements are stretched and the racks are compressed.
Another view - trussed lattice. It is made in case of loads of the upper belt, as well as when it is necessary to reduce the length of the lattice itself. Here, the advantage is to maintain the optimal distance between the elements of all transverse structures, which, in turn, allows you to maintain a normal distance between the runs, which will be a practical moment for the installation of roof elements. But creating such a lattice with your own hands is a rather laborious task with additional metal costs.
cruciform the lattice allows you to distribute the load on the farm in both directions at once.
Another type of grid cross where the braces are attached directly to the truss wall.
And finally semi-diagonal And rhombic lattices, the most rigid of the listed. Here two systems of braces interact at once.

We have prepared an illustration for you, where we have collected all types of trusses and their lattices together:

Here is an example of how a triangular lattice truss is made:

Making a truss with a diagonal lattice looks like this:

This is not to say that one type of truss is definitely better or worse than another - each of them is valuable for less material consumption, lighter weight, bearing capacity and method of fastening. The figure is responsible for which load scheme will act on it. And the type of lattice chosen will directly depend on the weight of the truss, the appearance and the complexity of its manufacture.

We also note such an unusual version of the manufacture of a farm, when it itself becomes a part or support for another, wooden one:

Stage IV. We manufacture and install farms

We will give you some valuable tips on how to weld such farms on your own without much difficulty right on your site:

Option one: you can contact the factory, and they will make everything you need according to your drawing individual elements, which you will only have to weld on the spot.
The second option: purchase a ready-made profile. Then you will only have to sheathe the trusses from the inside with boards or plywood, and in between lay insulation if necessary. But this method will cost, of course, more expensive.

Here, for example, is a good video tutorial on how to lengthen a pipe by welding and achieve the perfect geometry:

Here is also a very helpful video on how to cut a pipe at a 45° angle:

So, now we come directly to the assembly of the farms themselves. The following step-by-step instructions will help you deal with this:

Step 1: Prepare the trusses first. It is better to weld them in advance directly on the ground.
Step 2. Install vertical supports for future farms. It is imperative that they are truly vertical, so test them with a plumb line.
Step 3. Now take the longitudinal pipes and weld them to the support posts.
Step 4 Raise the trusses and weld them to longitudinal pipes. After that, it is important to clean all junctions.
Step 5. Paint the finished frame with special paint, having previously cleaned and degreased it. Special attention at the same time, pay attention to the junctions of the profile pipes.

What else do those who make such farms at home face? First, consider in advance the support tables on which you will lay the truss. far from the best option throw it on the ground - it will be very inconvenient to work.

Therefore, it is better to put small support bridges that will be slightly wider than the lower and upper chords of the truss. After all, you will manually measure and insert jumpers between the belts, and it is important that they do not fall to the ground.

Next important point: profile pipe trusses are heavy in weight, and therefore you will need the help of at least one more person. In addition, help will not hurt in such tedious and painstaking work as sanding metal before cooking. Also keep in mind that you will need to cut a lot of farms for all elements, and therefore we advise you to either purchase or build a home-made machine like that in our master class. Here is how it works:

In this way, step by step, you will draw up a drawing, calculate the truss lattice, make blanks and weld the structure already in place. Moreover, you will also have the remains of profile pipes in your consumption, therefore, you will not need to throw anything away - all this will be needed for the secondary parts of the canopy or hangar!

Stage V. We clean and paint finished trusses

After you install farms on their permanent place be sure to treat them with anti-corrosion compounds and paint polymer paints. Ideal for this purpose paint, which is durable and resistant to ultraviolet radiation:

That's all, the profile pipe farm is ready! All that remains is the finishing work on sheathing the trusses from the inside with finishing and from the outside with roofing material:

Believe me, making a metal truss from a profile pipe is really not difficult for you. A well-designed drawing, high-quality welding of a truss from a profile pipe and the desire to do everything correctly and accurately play a huge role.

Today, profile pipe trusses are considered to be the ideal solution for building a garage, a residential building and outbuildings. Strong and durable, these designs are inexpensive, quick to build, and can be handled by anyone with a modicum of math and cutting and welding skills. And how to choose the right profile, calculate the farm, make jumpers in it and install, we will now tell you in detail. To do this, we have prepared for you detailed workshops for making such farms, video tutorials and valuable tips from our experts!

Stage I. We design the farm and its elements

Due to the fact that such trusses have a high bearing capacity, they are placed under any roofing materials, regardless of their weight.

The use in the construction of metal trusses from new or rectangular closed profiles is considered one of the most rational and constructive solutions. And for good reason:

The main secret is in savings due to the rational shape of the profile and the connection of all elements of the lattice.
Another valuable advantage of profile pipes for use in their manufacture of trusses is equal stability in two planes, excellent streamlining and ease of use.
With all their low weight, such trusses can withstand serious loads!

Stage II. We acquire a quality profile

So, before drafting future farms, you first need to decide on such important points:

contours, size and shape of the future roof;
material for the manufacture of the upper and lower chords of the truss, as well as its lattice;

Remember one simple thing: the profile pipe frame has so-called balance points, which are important to determine for the stability of the entire truss. And it is very important to choose high-quality material for this load:

Farms are built from a profile pipe of such types of sections: rectangular or square. These are available in different section sizes and diameters, with different wall thicknesses:

We recommend those that are specially sold for small buildings: these go up to 4.5 meters long and have a section of 40x20x2 mm.
If you will make farms longer than 5 meters, then choose a profile with parameters 40x40x2 mm.
For a full-scale construction of the roof of a residential building, you will need profile pipes with the following parameters: 40x60x3 mm.

Be sure to consider snow and wind loads in your area when designing. After all, when choosing a profile (in terms of the load on it), the angle of inclination of the trusses is of great importance:

You can more accurately design a truss from a profile pipe using online calculators.

We only note that the simplest design of a profile pipe truss consists of several vertical posts and horizontal levels on which roof rafters can be attached. You can buy such a frame ready-made on your own, even on order in any city in Russia.

Stage III. We calculate the internal stress of the trusses

The most important and responsible task is to correctly calculate the truss from the profile pipe and select the desired format of the internal lattice. To do this, we need a calculator or other software similar to it, as well as some tabular data of SNiPs, which for this:

SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads).
SNiP p-23-81 (data on steel structures).

Please review these documents if possible.

Roof shape and slope

And, if you are going to make a roof with a complex shape, then such trusses will be an ideal option for it. It is very convenient to make them according to a template right on the ground, and only then lift them up.

Most often, in the construction of a small country house, garage or change house, the so-called Polonso trusses are used - a special design of triangular trusses connected by puffs, and the lower belt here comes out raised.

So, in total there are three main options for making a truss, depending on the slope of the roof:

from 6 to 15°;
from 15 to 20°;
from 22 to 35°.

Those. follow this rule: the lower the weight, the greater the height of the truss. But if we already have a complex geometric shape, then you need to choose a different type of truss and gratings.

Types of trusses and roof shapes

Here is an example of specific trusses for each type of roof (single, double, complex):

Let's look at the types of farms:

triangular trusses are a classic for making the base for steep roof slopes or sheds. The cross section of pipes for such farms must be selected taking into account the weight of the roofing materials, as well as the operation of the building itself. Triangular trusses are good because they have simple shapes, are easy to calculate and execute. They are valued for under-roofing providing natural light. But we also note the disadvantages: these are additional profiles and long rods in the central segments of the lattice. And also here you will have to face some difficulties when welding sharp reference corners.
The next view is polygonal farms from a profile pipe. They are indispensable for the construction of large areas. Their welding is already of a more complex shape, and therefore they are not designed for lightweight structures. But such trusses are distinguished by greater metal savings and strength, which is especially good for hangars with large spans.
It is also considered strong truss with parallel belts. Such a farm differs from others in that it has all the details - repeating, with the same length of rods, belts and gratings. That is, there are a minimum of joints, and therefore it is easiest to calculate and cook one from a profile pipe.
A separate species is single slope trapezoidal truss supported by columns. Such a farm is ideal when a rigid fixation of the structure is necessary. She has slopes (braces) on the sides and there are no long rods of the upper crate. Suitable for roofs where reliability is especially important.

A triangular truss with a crossbar is also quite simple, and is quite suitable for building gazebos and change houses:

And here arched farms are already much more difficult to manufacture, although they have a number of valuable advantages:

Your main task is to center the elements of the metal truss from the center of gravity in all directions, in simple terms, to minimize the load and correctly distribute it.

You need to design your farm in such a way that all forces are concentrated specifically in the nodes. Then there will be no bending moments in the belts, braces and trusses - they will only work in compression and tension. And then the cross section of such elements is reduced to the required minimum, while significantly saving on the material. And the farm itself, to everything, you can easily make articulated.

Let's see what is the advantage of one or another type of lattice in terms of load distribution:

triangular Lattice systems are always used in trusses with parallel chords and trapezoidal truss. Its main advantage is that it gives the smallest total grating length.
Diagonal the system is good at low truss heights. But the consumption of material for it is considerable, because here the entire path of effort goes through the nodes and rods of the lattice. And therefore, when designing, it is important to lay a maximum of rods so that the long elements are stretched and the racks are compressed.
Another view - trussed lattice. It is made in case of loads of the upper belt, as well as when it is necessary to reduce the length of the lattice itself. Here, the advantage is to maintain the optimal distance between the elements of all transverse structures, which, in turn, allows you to maintain a normal distance between the runs, which will be a practical moment for the installation of roof elements. But creating such a lattice with your own hands is a rather laborious task with additional metal costs.
cruciform the lattice allows you to distribute the load on the farm in both directions at once.
Another type of grid cross where the braces are attached directly to the truss wall.
And finally semi-diagonal And rhombic lattices, the most rigid of the listed. Here two systems of braces interact at once.

We have prepared an illustration for you, where we have collected all types of trusses and their lattices together:

Here is an example of how a triangular lattice truss is made:

Making a truss with a diagonal lattice looks like this:

We also note such an unusual version of the manufacture of a farm, when it itself becomes a part or support for another, wooden one:

Stage IV. We manufacture and install farms

We will give you some valuable tips on how to weld such farms on your own without much difficulty right on your site:

Option one: you can contact the factory, and they will make to order all the necessary individual elements according to your drawing, which you will only have to weld on the spot.
The second option: purchase a ready-made profile. Then you will only have to sheathe the trusses from the inside with boards or plywood, and in between lay insulation if necessary. But this method will cost, of course, more expensive.

Here, for example, is a good video tutorial on how to lengthen a pipe by welding and achieve the perfect geometry:

Here is also a very helpful video on how to cut a pipe at a 45° angle:

So, now we come directly to the assembly of the farms themselves. The following step-by-step instructions will help you deal with this:

Step 1: Prepare the trusses first. It is better to weld them in advance directly on the ground.
Step 2. Install vertical supports for future farms. It is imperative that they are truly vertical, so test them with a plumb line.
Step 3. Now take the longitudinal pipes and weld them to the support posts.
Step 4 Raise the trusses and weld them to the longitudinal pipes. After that, it is important to clean all junctions.
Step 5. Paint the finished frame with special paint, having previously cleaned and degreased it. In this case, pay special attention to the junctions of the profile pipes.

What else do those who make such farms at home face? First, consider in advance the support tables on which you will lay the truss. It is far from the best option to throw it on the ground - it will be very inconvenient to work.

The next important point: profile pipe trusses are heavy in weight, and therefore you will need the help of at least one more person. In addition, help will not hurt in such tedious and painstaking work as sanding metal before cooking.

Also, in some designs it is necessary to combine different types trusses to attach the roof to the building wall:

Also keep in mind that you will need to cut farms a lot, for all elements, and therefore we advise you to either purchase or build a home-made machine like the one in our master class. Here is how it works:

Stage V. We clean and paint finished trusses

After you install the trusses in their permanent place, be sure to treat them with anti-corrosion compounds and paint with polymer paints. Ideal for this purpose paint, which is durable and resistant to ultraviolet radiation:

That's all, the profile pipe farm is ready! All that remains is the finishing work on sheathing the trusses from the inside with finishing and from the outside with roofing material:

Truss structures from a profile pipe
Canopy calculation
Recommendations for right choice and production of tubular metal structures

When the construction area is large enough, the issue of ensuring the reliability and strength of the structure is of particular importance. There is a need to strengthen the rafter system, the rafters of which could cover rather long spans.
Farms from a profile pipe are metal structures assembled using lattice rods. The manufacture of metal trusses is a more labor-intensive process than in the case of solid beams, but more economical. Used in production paired material, and as a connecting part - scarves. The entire structure is assembled using welding or riveting.

With their help, it is possible to block spans of any length, however, it is worth noting that a competent calculation is required for proper installation. Then, under the condition of high-quality welding work, it remains only in the future to transfer the pipe assemblies to the top and mount them along the upper trim, according to the markings.

Bearing farms from a profile pipe have many undeniable advantages:

minimum weight;
they are durable;
hardy;
the nodes are very strong, therefore they are able to withstand high loads;
with their help, you can build structures with complex geometry;
allow you to save money, since the prices for the manufacture of metal structures from a profile pipe are quite acceptable for solving a wide range of tasks.

The division of these structures into specific types is based on different parameters. Let's start with the main -

The number of belts.

Distinguish:

supports, the components of which are located in a single plane;
hanging, they include two belts, according to their location they are called, respectively, lower, upper.

The first parameter is:

arched trusses from a profile pipe,
are also straight ;
single-sided or double-sided.

In accordance with the contour, there are:

having a parallel belt. This best option for arrangement soft roof. Such a support is assembled very simply, since its components are identical parts and, importantly, the dimensions of the lattice coincide with the dimensions of the rods for the belt;

lean-to. Differ in hard nodes that allow you to perceive significant external loads. Their construction takes a small amount of material, so these designs are quite economical;
polygonal. Although they are able to withstand a lot of weight, however, their installation is laborious and rather complicated;
triangular. They are practically indispensable when constructing roofs with a large angle of inclination. Their only downside is in large numbers construction waste.

Tilt angle. Typical trusses from a profile pipe are divided into three groups:

22°- 30°. The height and length of the metal structure in this case are related as one to five. This is the best option for covering small spans in domestic construction. Their main advantage is their low weight. Most of all, triangular ones are suitable for such an analogue.

For spans having a length of more than 14 m, braces are used, which are installed from top to bottom. A panel is placed along the upper belt (about 150 - 250 cm in length). Thus, with these initial data, we have a design that includes two belts. The number of panels is even.

If the span exceeds 20 m, then there is a need for a sub-rafter metal structure connected by supporting columns.

A special mention is the so-called Polonso farm. It consists of two triangular systems connected to one another through a puff. This design solution avoids the installation of long braces in the middle panels, which leads to a significant reduction in overall weight.

15°-22°. The ratio of height and length in this case is one to seven. The largest allowable length for a similar frame is 20 m. If, according to the operating conditions, it is necessary to increase its height, then the lower belt is broken.
less than 15°. In such projects, it is recommended to use trapezoidal metal rafters. The presence of short struts in them contributes to an increase in resistance to buckling.

Attention!

Farms from a profile pipe for pitched roof with an angle of inclination of 6–10° should have an asymmetric shape.

Heights are determined by dividing the span length into seven, eight or nine parts, taking as a basis the features of a given design.

Canopy calculation

Calculations are based on the requirements of SNiP:

A mandatory component of any calculation and subsequent installation of the structure is a drawing.

A diagram is being prepared indicating the relationship between the length of the metal structure and the slope of the roof.

It also takes into account the outlines of the support belts. The contour of the belt is determined by the purpose of the structure, the type of roofing and the angle of inclination.
When choosing sizes, as a rule, they follow the principle of economy, unless, of course, CTs require otherwise. The height of the structure is determined by the type of floor, the minimum total weight, the possibility of movement, while the length is determined by the established slope.

With a truss length of more than 36 m, a construction lift is additionally calculated.

The dimensions of the panels are calculated taking into account the loads perceived by the structure. At the same time, it should be remembered that the angles of the braces for different metal rafters are different, but the panel must correspond to them. For a triangular lattice, the desired angle is 45°, for an oblique one - 35°.
Completes the calculation by determining the gap between nodes. It usually corresponds to the width of the panel.

Calculations are performed taking into account the fact that an increase in height leads to an increase in the bearing capacity. On such a canopy, the snow cover will not linger. One of the ways to strengthen trusses from a profile pipe is to install several strong stiffeners.

To determine the dimensions of the metal structure for canopies, follow the following data:

for structures with a width of not more than 4.5 m, use products measuring 40 by 20 by 2 mm;
less than 5.5 m - 40 by 40 by 2 mm;
over 5.5 m, products with a size of 40 by 40 by 3 mm or 60 by 30 by 2 mm will be optimal.

When calculating the step, it is necessary to take into account that the greatest possible distance from one canopy support to another is 1.7 m. If this limitation is violated, the strength and reliability of the structure will be in question.

When the necessary parameters are fully obtained, with the help of formulas and special programs, an appropriate design scheme is obtained. Now it remains to think about how to weld the farm correctly.

On a note

The calculations should take into account:

purchase price of one ton of metal;
prices for the manufacture of metal structures from a profile pipe (or you can sum up the costs for welding, anti-corrosion treatment, installation, taken separately).

Recommendations for the correct selection and manufacture of tubular metal structures

When choosing a standard size, it is advisable to opt for rectangular or square products, since the existing two stiffeners will provide the finished metal structure with the greatest stability.
Use only high-quality products made of high-carbon alloy steel, which does not corrode and is resistant to aggressive environmental influences. The wall thickness and diameter are selected in accordance with those laid down in the project. Thus, the required bearing capacity of the metal rafters will be ensured.
To connect the main components of the farm to each other, tacks and paired corners are used.
In the upper belt, for closing the frame, versatile I-beams are needed, and the docking is performed on the smaller side.
To pair the parts of the lower belt, equilateral corners are used.
The main parts of long structures are connected by overhead plates.

The braces are set at 45 degrees, and the racks are set at right angles. Having completed the assembly of the main structure, they proceed to welding the truss from the profile pipe. Each of the welds must be checked for quality, since they determine the reliability of the future structure. After welding is completed, metal rafters are treated with special anti-corrosion compounds and coated with paint.

Making metal trusses for a canopy on video.

A canopy made of pipes and polycarbonate is becoming an increasingly popular architectural form in personal plot. No wonder, because this building can perform many functions, ranging from open garage for a car, wood storage, indoor playground and ending with a relaxation area with barbecue and easy chairs.

The key advantage is the ability to make such a design with your own hands. In the presented article, recommendations will be given on the choice of material, examples of calculations of supports and trusses, and how to weld a canopy from a profile pipe.

Calculation of the optimal shape of the canopy

The length of the rafter depends on the angle of the truss. For different angles, it is optimal to use different roofing material:

22-30 - the optimal angle of inclination for buildings in areas with significant snow loads. As a design of a canopy from a profile pipe with such an angle, it provides a predominantly triangular shape. It is optimal for asbestos straight and corrugated sheets, various types metal profile and eternite roofing.
15-22 - are also gable with metal types roof coverings. This angle of inclination is typical for regions with increased wind loads. The maximum span of a triangular truss with such an angle is 20 m.
6-15 - mainly single-pitched trapezoidal trusses with a polycarbonate coating and corrugated board.

Shed canopy from a profile pipe, photo of a building with a corrugated roof

The calculation of a polycarbonate canopy from a profile pipe is carried out in accordance with SNiP P-23-81 "Steel structures" and SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and impacts".

Technological requirements for the farm and the calculation sequence is as follows. In accordance with the terms of reference, the required span is determined. According to the presented scheme, we substitute the dimensions of the span and determine the height of the structure. The angle of inclination of the truss and the optimal shape of the roof of the canopy are set. Accordingly, the contours of the upper and lower chords of the truss, the general outlines and the type of roofing are determined.

Important! The maximum distance at which trusses are placed in the manufacture of a canopy from a profile pipe is 1.75 m.

Scheme of the dependence of the length of the rafters on the angle of the roof when calculating a truss from a profile pipe for a canopy

Profile selection

As a material for assembling a truss truss, you can use channels, tees, corners and other profiled rolled products that are made of steel grade St3SP or 09G2S (in accordance with GOST). However, all these materials have a significant drawback compared to profiled pipes - they are much heavier and thicker with comparable strength characteristics.

The dimensions of the frame elements for a canopy from a profile pipe depend on the dimensions of the building. In accordance with GOST 23119-78 and GOST 23118-99 to create a canopy from square pipe own hands use the following materials:

For compact buildings with a span width of up to 4.5 m - 40x20x2 mm;
Structures of medium size with a span of up to 5.5 m are made of a professional pipe 40x40x2mm;
Buildings of considerable size with spans of more than 5.5 m are mounted from profile pipes of various sections 40x40x3 mm or 60x30x2mm.
The size of the rack for a canopy from a professional pipe is 80 80 by 3 mm.

Drawings, dimensions and main connections

Before proceeding with the assembly of a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, it is necessary to draw a detailed plan of the entire structure, indicating the exact dimensions of all elements. This will help calculate the exact amount of materials of each type and calculate the cost of construction.

Drawing of a canopy from a profile pipe indicating the main overall dimensions

In addition, it is desirable to make an additional drawing of the most complex structures. In this case, this is a shed truss and the attachment points of its main elements.

Scheme for the manufacture of a truss from a profile pipe for a canopy with the main fasteners

One of the main advantages of a profile pipe is the possibility of a beadless connection. This is manifested in the simplicity of design and low cost of the truss with a rafter span of up to 30 m. At the same time, the roofing material can rest directly on the upper chord of the truss, provided it is sufficiently rigid.

Mounting points for assembling a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, in the photo a - a triangular lattice, b - support, c - diagonal lattice

The advantages of a bevelled welded joint are:

A significant reduction in the weight of the truss, compared with riveted or bolted structures, up to 20% and 25%, respectively.
Reducing labor costs and manufacturing costs, both for single items and for small-scale production.
Low cost of welding and the ability to automate the process by using machines with a continuous wire feeder.
Equal strength of the weld and the products to be joined.

Among the shortcomings can be noted:

The need to have rather expensive equipment;
Welding experience required.

Bolted connections in the manufacture of products from a profile pipe are quite common. Usually they are used in collapsible canopies from a profile pipe or in products manufactured for mass consumption.

Bolted connections are the easiest for mounting a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, photo of the attached frame element

The main advantages of such compounds are:

Ease of assembly;
No need for additional equipment;
Opportunity complete dismantling structures.

Flaws:

The weight of the structure increases;
Additional fasteners required;
The strength and reliability of bolted joints is somewhat lower than welded ones.

Summing up

The article examined the design and methods of manufacturing the simplest shed canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, however, a profiled pipe is a rather “flexible” material from which complex and aesthetically attractive designs can be made.

A complex structure for creating a canopy from a professional pipe with your own hands, a photo of a shed, domed structure

Sheds on metal frame make life easier. They will protect the car from bad weather, cover summer veranda, gazebo. They will replace the roof of the workshop or the canopy over the entrance. Turning to professionals, you will get any kind of canopy. But many will cope with the installation work themselves. True, you will need an accurate calculation of the farm from the profile pipe. You can not do without the appropriate equipment and materials. Of course, welding and cutting skills are also needed.

frame material

The basis of the canopies is steel, polymers, wood, aluminum, reinforced concrete. But, more often, the frame is made up of metal trusses from a profile pipe. This material is hollow, relatively light, but durable. In section it looks like:

rectangle;
square;
oval (as well as semi- and flat-oval figure);
polyhedron.

When welding from a truss profile pipe, a square or rectangular section is often chosen. These profiles are easier to process.

Variety of pipe profiles

Permissible loads depend on the wall thickness, metal grade, manufacturing method. The material is often high-quality structural steel (1-3ps/sp, 1-2ps(sp)). For special needs, low-alloy alloys and galvanizing are used.

The length of profile pipes usually ranges from 6 m for small sections to 12 m for large ones. Minimum parameters from 10×10×1 mm and 15×15×1.5 mm. With an increase in the wall thickness, the strength of the profiles increases. For example, on sections 50 × 50 × 1.5 mm, 100 × 100 × 3 mm and more. Products maximum dimensions(300×300×12 mm and more) are applicable rather for industrial buildings.

As for the parameters of the frame elements, there are the following recommendations:

for small-sized canopies (up to 4.5 m wide), pipe material with a section of 40 × 20 × 2 mm is used;
if the width is up to 5.5 m, parameters 40 × 40 × 2 mm are recommended;
for canopies of larger sizes, it is advised to take pipes 40 × 40 × 3 mm, 60 × 30 × 2 mm.

What is a farm

The farm is called the core system, the basis building structure. It consists of rectilinear elements connected at nodes. For example, we consider the design of a truss from a profile pipe, in which there is no misalignment of the rods and there are no off-nodal loads. Then in her constituent parts only tensile and compressive forces will occur. The mechanics of this system allows it to remain geometrically unchanged when replacing rigidly attached nodes with articulated ones.

An example of a welded rod system

The farm consists of the following elements:

upper belt;
lower belt;
stand perpendicular to the axis;
brace (or brace), inclined to the axis;
auxiliary support brace (sprengel).

Lattice system can be triangular, diagonal, semi-diagonal, cross. For connection, scarves, paired materials, rivets, welds are used.

Mounting options in knots

The manufacture of trusses from a profile pipe involves the assembly of a belt with certain outlines. By type they are:

segment;
polygonal;
gable (or trapezoidal);
with parallel belts;
triangular (d-i);
with a raised broken lower belt;
lean-to;
console.

Types according to the outlines of the belts

Some systems are easier to install, others are more economical in terms of material consumption, and others are easier in terms of supporting nodes.

Fundamentals of Farm Calculation

Influence of tilt angle

The choice of the design of canopy trusses from a profile pipe is associated with the slope of the designed structure. There are three possible options:

from 6° to 15°;
from 15° to 22°;
from 22° to 35°.

At minimum angle(6°-15°) trapezoidal outlines of the belts are recommended. To reduce weight, a height of 1/7 or 1/9 of the total span length is allowed. When designing a sloping canopy of complex geometric shape, it is necessary to raise it in the middle part above the supports. Take advantage of the Polonso farms recommended by many experts. They are a system of two triangles connected by a puff. If you need a tall structure, it is better to choose a polygonal structure with a raised lower chord.

When the slope angle exceeds 20°, the height should be 1/7 of the total span length. The latter reaches 20 m. To increase the structure, the lower belt is made broken. Then the increase will be up to 0.23 span length. Tabular data is used to calculate the required parameters.

Table for determining the slope of the truss system

With a slope of more than 22 °, calculations are carried out according to special programs. Canopies of this kind are more often used for roofing made of slate, metal and similar materials. Here, triangular trusses from a profile pipe are used with their height of 1/5 of the entire length of the span.

The greater the angle of inclination, the less precipitation and heavy snow will accumulate on the canopy. The bearing capacity of the system increases with its height. Additional stiffening ribs are provided for additional strength.

Base Angle Options

To understand how to calculate a truss from a profile pipe, it is imperative to find out the parameters of the base nodes. For example, the dimensions of the span should usually be specified in the terms of reference. The number of panels, their dimensions are pre-assigned. Compute optimal height(H) in the middle of the span.

If the belts are parallel, polygonal, trapezoidal, H=1/8×L, where L is the length of the truss. The top belt should have a slope of about 1/8xL or 1/12xL.
For triangular type, on average, H=1/4×L or H=1/5×L.

Lattice braces should have a slope of approximately 45° (within 35°-50°).

Take advantage of ready standard project, then you don't have to calculate

In order for the canopy to be reliable and last for a long time, its project requires accurate calculations. After the calculation, materials are purchased, and then the frame is mounted. There is a more costly way - to purchase ready-made modules and assemble the structure on site. Another option is more difficult - to do the calculations yourself. Then you will need data from special reference books on SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads), as well as SNiP P-23-81 (data on steel structures). You need to do the following.

Decide on the block diagram in accordance with the functions of the canopy, the angle of inclination, the material of the rods.
Select options. Take into account the relationship between the height and minimum weight of the roof, its material and type, slope.
Calculate the panel dimensions of the structure according to the distance of the individual parts responsible for the transfer of loads. The distance between adjacent nodes is determined, usually equal to the width of the panel. If the span is more than 36 m, the building lift is calculated - the reverse extinguishing bend, which acts due to the loads on the structure.

Among the methods for calculating statically determinate trusses, one of the simplest is cutting out nodes (areas where the rods are hinged). Other options are the Ritter method, the Henneberg rod replacement method. As well as a graphical solution by drawing up a Maxwell-Cremona diagram. In modern computer programs the method of cutting knots is more often used.

For a person who has knowledge of mechanics and strength of materials, it is not so difficult to calculate all this. The rest should take into account that the service life and safety of the canopy depend on the accuracy of the calculations and the magnitude of the errors. It might be better to contact the experts. Or choose an option from ready-made design solutions, where you can simply substitute your values. When it is clear what kind of truss truss is needed from a profile pipe, a drawing for it will surely be found on the Internet.

Significant Site Selection Factors

If the canopy belongs to a house or other building, it will require official permission, which will also have to be taken care of.

First, a site is selected where the structure will be located. What is taken into account?

Constant loads (fixed weight of lathing, roofing and other materials).
Variable loads (impacts climatic factors: wind, precipitation, including snow).
A special type of load (is there seismic activity in the region, storms, hurricanes, etc.).

Also important are the characteristics of the soil, the influence of nearby buildings. The designer must take into account all significant factors and clarifying coefficients that are included in the calculation algorithm. If you plan to do the calculations on your own, use 3D Max, Arkon, AutoCAD or similar programs. There is an online payment option construction calculators. Be sure to find out for the intended project the recommended step between the bearing supports, the crate. As well as the parameters of materials and their quantity.

An example of a software calculation for a canopy covered with polycarbonate

Sequence of work

Assembling the frame from metal profiles should only be carried out by a specialist welding work. This responsible business requires knowledge and skillful handling of the tool. It is necessary not only to understand how to weld a truss from a profile pipe. It is important which nodes are more correct to assemble on the ground, and only then raise them to the supports. If the structure is heavy, equipment will be required for installation.

Usually the installation process takes place in the following sequence:

Area marking is in progress. Embedded parts, vertical supports are installed. Often in the pits immediately placed metal pipes and then concreted. The verticality of the installation is checked by a plumb line. To control parallelism, a cord or thread is stretched between the extreme racks, the rest are set along the resulting line.
Longitudinal pipes are fixed to the supports by welding.
On the ground, nodes and elements of trusses are welded. With the help of braces and jumpers, the belts of the structure are connected. Then the blocks should be raised to the desired height. They are welded to the longitudinal pipes in the areas where the vertical supports are placed. Longitudinal lintels are welded between the trusses along the slope for further fastening of the roofing material. They make holes for fasteners.
All connecting areas are carefully cleaned. Especially the upper edges of the frame, where the roof will lie in the future. The surface of the profiles is cleaned, degreased, treated with a primer and painted.

Using the finished project, you will quickly start assembling the canopy

Experts advise to perform such responsible work only with relevant experience. It is not enough to know in theory how to properly weld a truss from a profile pipe. Having done something wrong, ignoring the nuances, the home master risks. The canopy will collapse and collapse. Everything that will be under it will suffer - cars or people. So take your knowledge to heart!

Video: how to weld a truss from a profile pipe

It has the simplest device, since there are no additional elements- transitions, skates, etc. It is an inclined plane (slope) covering the building (or part of it) to protect against the effects of precipitation and compensate for the wind load.

Improper arrangement of the roof entails the appearance of unnecessary loads on the walls and foundation, the formation of leaks, failure of the truss system and damage to the entire building.

Therefore, all its elements should be carefully calculated taking into account all the existing factors.

Such as:

Climatic conditions.
The size of the building, the number of floors.
Roof material.
heater used.
roofs.

Such parameters are a great influence on the tested load of the truss system and walls, so all calculations are based on them.

In this article, we will tell you what a shed roof calculator is, which will help you in calculating the truss structure.

Calculator manufactures calculation of the roof of a shed roof.
Before starting the calculations, in the upper right corner of the calculator you need to select roofing.

Designation of fields in the calculator

Specify roofing material:

Select a material from the list -- Slate (wavy asbestos cement sheets): Medium profile (11 kg/m2) Slate (corrugated asbestos-cement sheets): Reinforced profile (13 kg/m2) Corrugated cellulose-bitumen sheets (6 kg/m2) Bituminous (soft, flexible) tiles (15 kg/m2) From galvanized sheet (6.5 kg/m2) Sheet steel (8 kg/m2) Ceramic tiles (50 kg/m2) Cement-sand tiles (70 kg/m2) Metal tiles, corrugated board (5 kg/m2) Keramoplast (5.5 kg/m2) Seam roof (6 kg/m2) Polymer-sand tiles (25 kg/m2) Ondulin (Euro slate) (4 kg/m2) Composite tiles (7 kg/m2) Natural slate (40 kg/m2) Specify weight 1 square meter coverage (? kg/m2)

kg/m2

Enter roof parameters:

Base Width A (cm)

Base length D (cm)

Lift height B (cm)

Length of side overhangs E (cm)

Length of overhang front and rear C (cm)

Rafter:

Rafter pitch (cm)

Type of wood for rafters (cm)

Working section of the side rafter (optional) (cm)

Lathing calculation:

Purlin board width (cm)

Lathing board thickness (cm)

Distance between decking boards
(cm)

Calculation snow load:

Select your region using the map below

1 (80/56 kg/m2) 2 (120/84 kg/m2) 3 (180/126 kg/m2) 4 (240/168 kg/m2) 5 (320/224 kg/m2) 6 (400/280 kg/m2) 7 (480/336 kg/m2) 8 (560/392 kg/m2)

Wind load calculation:

Ia I II III IV V VI VII

Height to building ridge

5 m from 5 m to 10 m from 10 m

Terrain type

Open area Closed area Urban areas

Calculation results

Roof pitch: 0 degrees.

Tilt angle suitable for this material.

The angle of inclination for this material is desirable to increase!

It is desirable to reduce the angle of inclination for this material!

Roof surface area: 0 m2.

Approximate weight roofing material: 0 kg.

Number of rolls insulating material with 10% overlap (1x15 m): 0 rolls.

Rafter:

Load on the truss system: 0 kg/m2.

Rafter length: 0 cm

Number of rafters: 0 pcs

Lathing:

Number of rows of crates: 0 rows.

uniform distance between the boards of the crate: 0 cm

The number of boards of the crate with a standard length of 6 meters: 0 pcs

Volume of boards of an obreshetka: 0 m 3 .

Approximate weight of the boards of the crate: 0 kg.

Description of calculator fields

Snow load region

Impact on rafters and roofing

The calculation of the loads on the rafters and the roof consists of two terms:

. This is the own weight of the rafters and roofing, and, of all roof elements.. Long-term or short-term efforts of various directions are taken into account, caused by the weight of snow in winter, the influence of wind, etc.

The permanent load is determined by summing the weight of all elements present on the roof, and the payload is also taken into account - the weight of expansion tanks, attic cladding, windows or other objects that load the roof and under-roof space.

If for constant loads the calculation does not look like something complicated, then it will be more difficult to take into account natural factors. Data will be required on the prevailing wind directions and strength, cases of hurricane squalls, the amount of snow in winter time, its quality indicators - dry snow is much lighter than wet.

CAREFULLY!

In order for the calculation to be correct, it is necessary to take into account the limiting states, since they are the most dangerous and destructive.

Snow load calculation produced by the formula:

S = Sg * µ

Where Sg- the weight of snow per 1 square meter of plane falling in a given area.

µ - a correction factor that takes into account the angle of the roof (for flat roofs up to 25 ° it is 1, for steeper ones - 0.7).

With a roof slope of 60° or more, the weight of the snow is not taken into account.

calculated like this:

W = Wo*k

Wo- standard indicator of wind strength for a given area.

k- correction factor, taking into account the type of terrain and height above the ground.

Both formulas show the load per 1 sq.m., to get the full value, the result must be multiplied by the roof area.

It should also be understood that these calculations do not always take into account limit loads or special cases - for example, snow accumulations or single strong gusts of wind that are not typical for the area, but sometimes occur. For that, in order to have a guarantee of strength, it is necessary to accept the load with a margin of 15% - 20% of the calculated one.

truss system

Quantity of roofing for a shed roof

Roofing calculation is based on individual characteristics material. A simple calculation of the roof area in this case will be very approximate, since the size of the longitudinal, transverse overlap, sheet size will not be taken into account.

That is, the area of the sheet of roofing material is not fully utilized, only the useful part is taken into account in the calculation. Each type of material has its own, determined by the size of the wave or the step of the ribbing.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the canopies or overhangs, which also consume roofing material. If you are not completely sure about the quality of your own calculation, we recommend using our shed roof calculator.

Roofing kit for metal tiles

Quantity of sheathing for a pitched roof

The amount of lathing directly depends on what kind of roofing will be used in this case. The laths of the crate should be arranged in increments corresponding to the dimensions of the sheet of material.

This alignment is very important without him correct installation roofing material will be complicated or even impossible. Therefore, to calculate the amount of crate, first of all, it is necessary to determine its step. You can refer to SNiP, which have detailed and accurate information about the rules for installing all roof elements.

For often used continuous crate when the distance between the planks is 2-2.5 cm. In this case, the calculation of the crate is reduced to dividing the length of the roof by the width of the plank plus 2 cm by the gap.

More rigid types of material do not require a continuous crate and the calculation is made based on the distance between the slats used for this type of roof.

More simple solution there will be the use of online calculators that carry out a specialized calculation according to the specified. The data obtained should be clarified by recalculating on another online calculator.

Number of battens

Calculation of material for shed roof rafters

- basic load-bearing element for roofing and subroofing elements. Insufficiently careful calculation or incompletely taken into account loads can cause sagging or deflection of the rafters, which will lead to leaks and damage to the entire building.

For the calculation, first of all, you should decide on the choice of material. In this case follow the traditional approach and use trim pine board 50 by 150 mm. This choice has been tested by time, pine absorbs little atmospheric moisture, it is light and strong enough.

ATTENTION!

At the same time, it is important to dry the boards before installation work so that, when drying out, they do not deform, do not violate the geometry of the system.

In addition, you need to take into account:

The purpose of the building, in particular - the attic.
Roof dimensions, length and angle of inclination of the slope.
Roof material.
The amount of snow and the strength of the wind.

Taking into account these factors will help determine the optimal distance between the rafters., as well as calculate the amount of lumber. If the slope length is more than 6.5 m, then additional racks will be required.

The standard rafter pitch usually ranges from 60-70 cm, which allows you to make a simplified calculation of the system. In this case, it is recommended to turn to online calculators to check your results.

Shed roof has the simplest structure, but the space below it is more difficult to use for residential purposes. Most often, this option is used for utility or auxiliary buildings, when the attic is not considered as a living space.

In such cases, the weight and load from the roof on the walls are reduced due to the absence of an insulating layer, which simplifies construction and reduces material costs.

Material calculation

In contact with

Roofs with one slope are rarely erected over low-rise residential buildings. True, their unpretentious shape and simplicity of lines are very attractive for adherents of high-tech style. However, while newfangled phenomena are not too firmly rooted in the domestic landscape, shed roofing structures are erected over garages, compact cottages, verandas, change houses.

The desire to build such a simple object on their own often visits skilled owners. For an optimal result, home craftsmen need to know how a shed roof is built with their own hands, what should be foreseen and what stages of work are to be carried out.

The technical definition of a shed roof fully reflects the essence of the device. In its composition there is only one pitched plane, formed by an original truss system. Both edges of the rafter legs have a reliable support under them, therefore they unconditionally belong to the category of layered ones.

The elements of the system are stacked separately, installed on walls of different heights, with which they are connected through a Mauerlat. The last of these roof components is not similar to the standard wooden frame. Its role is played by two beams laid parallel on stone walls, similarly located logs of a log house or opposite sides of the binding of frame buildings.

Sometimes, in order not to get confused in the terminology, the overlying segment of the Mauerlat is called a ridge beam. However, it does not form a ridge fracture, but works as a support.

The function of supports for a roof device with one slope is performed:

Directly brick, foam concrete and wooden load-bearing structures.
Near support pillars intended or not intended for subsequent sheathing.

Constructive simplicity does not prevent shed structures from including an impressive number of varieties and subcategories. By analogy with other pitched counterparts, they can be insulated and cold. Shed roofs are built with or without an attic.

In its pure form, attic options are rare, because. it is forbidden to arrange an attic below 1.6 m according to fire regulations. Single-slope structures are mostly gentle: the most common slope values vary from 5º to 15º, in percentage terms this will be from 5% to 25%.

An attic with such proportions can only be arranged if a similar room for household needs is arranged between the roofing system and the ceiling.

Shed roofs are built:

Above the terraces attached to the main building, baths, entrance porch groups, garages, etc.
Above detached domestic and residential buildings.

In the field of equipping outbuildings with roofs, shed roofs represent the most acceptable technical solution, excluding the possibility of accumulating a snow bag. In case of architectural necessity, they can serve as an alternative. These rivals attract with an interesting form, but disappoint with increased costs and more complex construction technology.

Due to the difference in the height of the supporting walls, the removal of precipitation from the slope occurs spontaneously. This means that there is no need to organize internal flow. Most often, a gutter is attached to the low side of a shed roof, which perfectly copes with the tasks of drainage in the summer and demi-season period. In winter, snow can accumulate on gentle slopes. Sediment deposits are removed according to the rules for cleaning flat roofs.

The slope of a shed roof can be provided:

Traditionally, walls of different heights or rows of supporting pillars.
Half trusses, factory or homemade, mounted on walls or rows of poles of equal height.
Attached to the wall of the main building by supporting structures located above the level of the opposite wall of the extension.

As a roofing shed roofs, profiled sheets, roofing tin, are mainly used. If the architectural appearance of the estate requires, plastic, slate tiles, ceramic or cement-sand tiles are used.

Note that the installation of a piece roof is carried out only at the value of the angle of inclination allowed by the manufacturers of the material. Insignificant steepness structures with one slope are not covered with shingles, straw, reeds due to the possibility of rapid decay.

Shed roof technology

For a detailed acquaintance with the principles of the construction of a shed roof, consider real examples construction of truss frames from lumber. After all, wood is the easiest and most affordable material to work with.

We take into account that the work should be preceded by design development with calculations focused on individual conditions construction. The section of the details of the rafter system for canopies, along which no one will move, must be determined taking into account the weight of the roofing cake and the snow load.

For roofs of detached buildings, calculations should be made taking into account all types of static and dynamic loads acting on the structure during the year. Note that rafter legs shed systems are calculated as horizontal beams.

Subtleties and nuances of design

Let's study general principles roof design. It is customary to build truss frames over private objects from wood, which is due to the environmental and economic advantages of the material. However, future builders should not forget about the specifics of natural organic matter.

It should be noted that wood tends to change linear dimensions from fluctuations in humidity and temperature changes. It is characterized by sagging deformation of elements that are solid in length and do not have additional supports under the problem segments.

Specific Features materials cause the complication of the design depending on the size of the overlapped span:

With a distance between supports of up to 4.5 m, the simplest truss frame, which does not require the installation of additional supports.
At a distance of 4.6 to 6 m, to stiffen the system, rafter legs - struts are installed. According to this principle, sheds are arranged, regardless of the length of the rafters.
With a distance between the supporting walls from 6.1 to 9 m, the struts are mounted with two struts supporting the rafter leg from both edges.
At a distance of 9.1 to 12 m, a cantilever-run structure is installed in the middle of the span, conditionally dividing the span into two parts. The structure is a sturdy wooden frame with a purlin at the top, which rests on a series of uprights. Struts rest against the racks of the structure, supporting both halves of the long rafter.
At a distance of more than 12m, the span is divided into several sectors by purlins. The technical solution within the segment corresponds to one of the options described above.

The distance between the rafter legs is determined by the geometric data of the equipped box. The walls on which the roof frame is to be supported are tritely divided into equal segments. The breakdown is carried out so that both edges of the structure are provided with rafter legs, and privates are located between them with equal spacing.

The choice of step is not entirely arbitrary. There are staking restrictions depending on the material chosen for the manufacture of system parts:

Rafter legs made of logs, beams, plates are installed in increments of 1.5 - 2.0 m.
Rafters made of boards are installed after 1.0 - 1.75 m.

There is a limit on the size of the section, independent of the calculations. Even for buildings with a presumably minimum load, the Ø of the log cannot be less than 12cm, the thickness of the plate is less than 7cm, the thickness of the board is less than 4cm.

Independent builders need to take into account that for the manufacture of rafter legs for roofs covering spans of more than 4.6 m, it is necessary to stock up on lumber in addition to timber or boards for the production of rafters. The struts will need to be made from a log Ø 10 cm or more, from a beam with a side of 8 cm or from a paired board with a size of 25 × 150 mm.

A bar for Mauerlat has no right to be less than 100 × 200mm, a log for the same purposes is thinner than Ø 180-200mm. In the construction of roofs covering spans of more than 12m, the installation of girders and beds will be required. The size of the beam for their manufacture cannot be less than 180×180mm, the Ø of the log cannot be less than 200mm. Racks of the cantilever-purlin system for large-span roofs are made of a bar with a side of 120mm or more or from a log Ø 130mm or more.

Shed roof frame building

We assume that the design has been successfully completed. A plan-drawing with dimensions and calculations will provide effective assistance to the responsible builder. Now let's look at one of the simplest examples, in an accessible form explaining how to competently make a pitched roof. We will equip a small frame bath. The rafters of its pitched roof will rest on the top trim.

It is not necessary to calculate the installation step of the rafter legs, because. it is equal to the distance between the posts frame walls. A board 50 × 150mm went to the manufacture of racks. The height of the front wall will be 2.5 m, the back wall will be 2.2 m high.

Building process step by step:

We cut the board into segments of 2.65-2.70 m. The number of parts is equal to the number of racks in the front wall.
We cut an equal number of racks for rear wall 2.35 - 2.40 m long.
We install the prepared racks, fasten with the help of metal corners. We temporarily fix the extreme details with jibs.
Checking the horizontality and verticality of the racks building level, if necessary, align the position. We beat off the horizon on the front pillars at a height of 2.5 m, on the rear pillars at a height of 2.2 m.
According to the received marks, we install the side board.
In fact, we saw off the excess racks that rise above the side board.
We install side boards on the end walls. To do this, we first carry out a fitting, attaching the board to the place of the upcoming attachment and marking the cut lines. We nail boards with sawn off excess to the extreme racks of both walls.
Racks of the side walls are cut to exact dimensions, installed with a step similar to the step of the supports of the front and rear walls. The end posts of the side walls are sewn together with the end elements of the frames of the front and rear walls. The doorway can be left immediately, or it can be made together with window openings after the installation of the truss system by cutting the racks at the required height.
Installs the strapping on top of the ends of the racks, dismantle the side board.
We mount another one on top of the arranged strapping. Do not forget to bandage the corners by setting the solid edge of the upper board over the junction of the lower boards.
We cut the rafters from the board 50 × 150mm. We take into account that their length should include two cornice overhangs on both sides and another 10-15 cm “in reserve” for leveling.
We install two rafter legs exactly along the side walls. We fix them with corners to the upper trim after 0.7 - 1.0 m. Between them we lay and fasten ordinary rafters, which we fasten in two places to the harness.
Align the edges, cut off the excess rafters. Then we mount the wind board along the perimeter using 50 × 100 mm material.
We construct a continuous crate of moisture-resistant plywood, the sheets of which are laid in a run-up with gaps around the perimeter of each element of 2-3 mm in order to provide the material with a reserve for thermal expansion.
We fix a waterproofing carpet over the crate.

The roof is sloping, so there can be no talk of a sparse crate. Before laying the coating, cut a hole for the chimney. Around it and along the roof overhangs we lay strips of additional waterproofing.

On top of the solid flooring, we lay the selected type of roofing: bitumen-polymer roofing, corrugated board or steel sheets connected by folds.

Roof of a frame house with a veranda

There are practically no differences in the technologies for the construction of shed roofs on frame boxes with walls of different heights. The construction stages are carried out according to a similar plan, typical works. The sizes of buildings, the steepness of the roof, the magnitude of the total load, taking into account weather conditions, the specifics of operation and the weight of the roofing pie, differ.

Shed roof - the most popular "participant" of all kinds of architectural combinations. In the example presented by us, two separate slopes are erected over the cottage. One of the shed roofs is built over the residential part frame house, the second - above the terrace attached to the house. The residential part of the house has a common foundation and a load-bearing wall, on which the rafters of both roofs rest on top.

Construction algorithm:

We cut the rafters so that on both sides there is a margin for cornice overhangs.
We lay the rafters with a step equal to the distance between the racks of the frame building. We fasten them to the strapping corners.
We cut two wind boards with a length equal to the length of the wall plus two side cornice overhangs.
We attach the removal of the side cornices to the side elements of the strapping.
We nail the wind board to the ends of the takeaways.
We cut a beam 100 × 100mm for the construction of veranda supports. Their length is 50-70 cm less than the height of the racks of the high wall of the cottage.
We install the supporting posts of the veranda, we choose the installation step according to our own architectural specifics.
We connect the top of the racks with a strapping from a bar 100 × 100mm. We fasten with screws or nails, for reliability, you can duplicate the connections with corners.
We nail the board to the high wall of the box strictly horizontally, departing from the junction line of the wall and the roof 30-40 cm.
We cut the rafters of the veranda, the length of which should include one cornice overhang.
We lay the cut rafters on the nailed board and the strapping of the veranda. Fasten with nails or corners.
Align the edge of the slope of the veranda and nail the wind board to the ends of the rafters.
On top of the slopes we will arrange a continuous crate - a flooring made of moisture-resistant plywood. Then we lay polyethylene or polymer waterproofing and lay the roofing chosen for finishing.

Those who want to insulate the roof dacha building it will be necessary to lay thermal insulation in the space between the rafters before the device of the crate. From the side of the dacha premises in such cases, a vapor barrier material is installed. It will protect the insulation from moisture, followed by decay and loss of insulating qualities. The vapor barrier is fixed with a stapler to the rafters, after which the inner surface is sheathed with GVL sheets, plywood, clapboard.

Work to improve the thermal performance of a shed roof can be carried out after the installation of the roofing. Thermal insulation is then laid from the inside of the building, further actions are performed in a similar sequence.

The use of roof trusses

According to the technical features of a shed roof, single rafters are laid on walls of different heights. What to do if both walls of the foot being adjusted are brought to the same level?

For example, when assembling a log cabin of a small log cabin, it is unreasonable and unprofitable to bring one of the walls higher than the other, although there are technological means to implement such plans. The cost of time and material will be too great. And as a result, an ordinary slope, which can be built much cheaper and faster.

The way out is obscenely simple: for the rapid construction of a shed roof along a box with walls of equal height, you just need to use truss trusses. They can be made according to the template yourself or purchased at ready-made. Factory products can be made of wood or metal. The first option is preferable for arranging residential and frequently visited buildings, the second for garages, utility rooms, verandas.

Let's analyze an example of the construction of a shed roof with trusses for a country house attached veranda or porch. For the manufacture of trusses, we will stock up on a 25 × 45mm board, for racks we will purchase a board of 120 × 45mm or thicker if pressure is expected on the roof of a solid snow load.

For ceiling sheathing, gables and drain boards, we will purchase a board 70 × 22mm. For the construction of a continuous crate, we will purchase an unplaned grooved board 95 × 22 × 16mm.

Sequence of work:

We cut out the details of the truss trusses, taking into account that the right-angled triangle we made with a short leg will be attached to the wall of the house, and its hypotenuse must provide a cornice overhang of the required size. We cut the long leg and hypotenuse from the board 25 × 45mm, the short leg from the board 120 × 45mm.
Truss parts are fixed with metal perforated plates and anchors.
We install the trusses, fasten the short leg to the wall of the house with screws and dowels. We nail the long leg with nails to the strapping of the veranda.
We sheathe the gables with a vertically installed board.
We nail drain boards to the ends.
Arrange according to roof trusses solid crate of horizontally laid boards. Do not forget to leave gaps of 2-3mm between all the skin parts.
Along the junction of the shed roof to the wall, we install a corner plate.
We sheathe the ceiling without filling part of the cornice overhang with a board to ensure ventilation. The remaining space is closed with a mesh that protects against the penetration of insects.
We lay the selected roofing. We install metal profiled strips along the perimeter, fasten them to the wind board.

It is advisable to attach a gutter to the front end of the shed roof that we have built and bring its drain segment out of the roof. Brackets for its installation are attached to the rafters before the lathing device.

Training videos will demonstrate how to competently build a solid shed roof with your own hands: the videos depict the process in detail.

Construction of a shed roof over a foam concrete box:

Roof sheathing with one slope:

Shed roof waterproofing:

The options for constructing a shed roof, given as an example, will help you deal with the construction process and successfully implement plans for arranging suburban property.