What are the options for finishing the basement of a brick house. Finishing the basement of a private house: materials, options, methods, which is better

Today we will talk about plinth. One of the meanings of the word plinth(Italian zoccolo - a shoe with a wooden sole) - the lower part of the outer wall (most often protruding), which is located on the foundation.

We do not plan to fully reveal the topic of building plinths for a house - there is an Internet for this. We will tell you in detail everything about how we erected a brick base on a monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundation for our house from gas silicate blocks.

In this article, as usual, you will find a lot of specific, useful and, we hope, interesting material for you:

• briefly about the purpose of the base;
• briefly about the types of plinth;
• a detailed description of the construction of a brick basement for our house from gas silicate blocks (foam concrete);
• new photos and audio recording about the construction of a basement for a house.

Purpose of the base

A plinth is an intermediate structure located between the foundation and load-bearing walls.

1. One of the purposes of the base is prevention the walls of your house from precipitation(melting snow, rainwater, dew), capillary suction(moisture coming from the ground). If the house does not have a basement, then capillary moisture can rise up to 3 meters up the wall of your house. In the future, this can lead to mold and rotting of the wall, loss of frost resistance and an increase in the thermal conductivity of the wall material.
2. Since our house does not have a basement (basement) and the floor is located on the ground, the basement, takes on mechanical action., which is rendered by the covered earth inside the perimeter of the house;
3. Lies on the plinth.
4. For our house, we flooded. In this case the base will also allow you to "register" the perimeter future home.

Thus, on plinth buildings have a comprehensive impact. Therefore, to ensure the strength and safety of the plinth, it must be built from high-quality materials with frost resistance, minimal moisture resistance and mechanical strength.

When constructing the basement for our house, we did not use new brick, but strong enough and good quality. This is clearly seen in the photos attached to the article. Thus, we were able to successfully solve two problems at once:

• minimized the cost of bricks for the basement by using old bricks;
• good quality solid bricks were used.

Plinth types

It should be noted that below we will talk about plinths, taking into account the final insulation or finishing of the walls and the plinth itself. This is an important note, because directly during the laying of the basement and walls, and then when finishing them, the location of the walls and basement relative to each other may change.

There are three main types of plinth.

Sometimes you can find houses with plinth protrudes out relative to the wall — protruding plinth. Such a base requires the construction of a protective drain. Since this type of plinth is most exposed to atmospheric influences, it is necessary to apply quality materials for its decoration. A plinth of this type is advisable to use if there is a basement (basement) in a thin-walled house, which requires additional insulation. Or a protruding plinth is an architect's way of expressing his idea. The protruding base is not often used in the construction of a house.

Sometimes plinth is level with a wall. Also quite rarely used type of plinth for construction country house.

In our case, for walls made of gas silicate blocks, brick the plinth is "drowned" relative to the walls -sinking plinth. Why did we opt for this type of plinth?

With a sinking plinth, rainwater, flowing down the walls, does not fall on the junction between the wall and the plinth, flows freely to the ground. At the same time, the waterproofing layer, hidden by the ledge of the wall, is protected from atmospheric precipitation and external mechanical influences. In addition, the sinking plinth allows you to save money during its construction:

• reducing the cost of materials for the plinth,
• reduction of construction time;
• no need for a drain device, as is the case with a protruding plinth.

The optimal is the "sinking" of the basement relative to the walls (taking into account the insulation and finishing performed) by at least 5 cm.

During the construction of our house, the plinth took on the appearance of a sunken one after we insulated it with foam plastic and plastered the walls. When laying walls from blocks, the plinth protruded relative to the walls. In the photo on the left, with an increase, it is clearly seen how during the laying of the walls, before their subsequent insulation and plastering, the brick base slightly “protrudes” beyond the walls.

Construction of a brick basement on a strip monolithic reinforced concrete foundation for a house made of gas silicate blocks

So, the foundation is already poured. It's time to start building the plinth.

To get started, listen to a short audio, and then we will describe in more detail all the steps for building the base:

1. Setting corners during the construction of the base.

When laying the base, as in the future, when, it is VERY IMPORTANT to set the corners correctly. Incorrectly set corners will lead, in the future, to improper masonry walls. Incorrectly set basement corners, if the deviation is insignificant, can be corrected when laying the first row of walls. However, don't count on it. It's better to do everything right.

The first thing to do is, at the four corners, initially without mortar, lay out the bricks along the width of the future basement. Bricks in the corners must be leveled.

Then, with a tape measure or with the help of a strong thread (the thread should not stretch!) We very accurately measure the length and width of the sides of the future house, taking into account the laid out corners. It is also necessary to measure both diagonals. All measurements must be equal accordingly: the length of one side must be equal to the length of the other side of the wall, etc.

If the measurements are equal, then you did everything right and you can start laying the basement. If some measurements do not match, this means that not all angles are equal to 90 degrees. and it needs to be fixed urgently. How can this be done?

It is necessary, constantly rechecking all the measurements described above, with the help of simultaneous movement corner bricks on one of the sides (you didn’t use the mortar when setting the corners, did you?), find the optimal location of them in the corners, at which the measurements of the sides will respectively coincide or have a deviation of no more than 2-3 cm. With further laying, this difference can be eliminated.

2. Brick plinth

The corners are set, all the measurements of the sides and diagonals matched - it's time to lay out the base. When laying a brick base, we used. You can read more about this solution.

The width of the plinth depends on the material from which you plan to lay out the walls in the future. If the walls, like ours, are made of gas silicate sides (foam concrete) measuring 600 X 300 X 200, while the width of the masonry is 300 mm, and in the future you will insulate the house only with foam plastic, followed by plaster, then the width of the basement is one and a half bricks (380) as once the one you need. At the same time, do not forget that as a result of further wall insulation and wall decoration, the base should turn out to be sinking.

If, when laying walls from the same blocks, you plan to use brick for finishing after wall insulation, then the plinth should be laid out two bricks wide (500).

In other words, to determine the width of the plinth, you first need to decide on the material of the walls and the material for further insulation and decoration of the walls and, if you see fit, the plinth. Then make the necessary calculations.

What height should the plinth be? In this matter, even experienced builders sometimes disagree. It is believed that the height of the plinth should not be lower than the maximum snow cover height for the region over the past fifty years. A plinth of such a minimum height will protect the walls from capillary moisture thereby increasing the longevity of your home.

As for the maximum height - here everyone chooses for himself. The basement height of our house is 40cm.

If your house will have a basement, then the height of the basement is usually 70-100cm. Houses with a high plinth look more elegant than houses with a low plinth or no plinth at all. Regardless of whether you have a basement or not, you should not forget that the height of the basement regulates the height of the floor of the first floor.

Now you know what you need to pay attention to when it comes time to decide on the height and width of the plinth for your future home.

3. Basement waterproofing

In order for the basement to adequately fulfill one of its purposes - protecting the walls of the house from moisture, it is necessary to carefully waterproof the basement. As a waterproofing, we used roofing material, folded in half. We talked about this in great detail in an article on laying the first row of blocks in the section. Please note that the waterproofing layer must be below the level of the future floor, or vice versa: the future floor must be arranged higher. what is the waterproofing layer.

Today, there are many materials that can be used for basement waterproofing. wide and varied, it all depends on the planned cost of construction. Since our goal is to build an inexpensive house with our own hands, we were content with roofing material, without losing at all in the quality of construction.

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4. How to save a brick base if the construction of the house is temporarily stopped?

If you are building a house in more than one construction period and due to lack of funds or the onset of cold weather, you are forced to suspend construction at the stage of readiness of the brick basement, you need to take care of its safety.

The basement is one of the most vulnerable parts of the house. That is why, questions often arise, how best to protect the base from moisture and cold, how to choose the design, the material from which it will be created, the finishing material. All this will be discussed in this article.

The concept of "basement" in the construction of a house

The word "plinth" comes from the Italian "zoccolo", which means the foot of the building, which is on the foundation. In other words, the foundation has a continuation that rises 50-70 cm above the ground level, and thus, a transitional wall is obtained from the foundation to the outer walls of the house. Here it is called the plinth.

The main purpose of the plinth is to create a barrier against the penetration of moisture into the structure of the house. However, the plinth not only protects against moisture and cold, it appearance largely determines architectural solution building and affects the overall impression of your home. The building looks much more beautiful if it has a high plinth, with a low plinth or, even more so, if it is absent, the building looks squat.

General moments of the plinth device

If the house has an underground, then the basement plays the role of a wall that encloses and protects it. If the floors are laid on the ground, then the plinth, like a retaining wall, takes on the pressure of the backfill and the load from the walls.

Plinth pressure loads from walls and backfill pressure

• The minimum height of the plinth must be at least 50 cm in houses with ground floor the height of the plinth can reach 1.5-2 m.

When constructing a basement, the so-called vents for ventilation of the underground or basement are necessarily arranged. To do this, holes are made in the basement protected by a mesh (size: approximately 15x25 cm) not lower than 15 cm from the ground level (1 hole for 3 running meters foundation). In case of frost, the openings must be closed.

Plinth air parameters

• It is not necessary to arrange a plinth between the columnar supports of light structures: on verandas, porches, in sheds, on terraces. In the absence of a plinth, constant ventilation will occur in these places, and this will reduce the humidity of the air in the underground.

Lack of plinth in part of the porch

Consider how the basement is arranged with different types of foundation.

Plinth device with strip foundation

On strip foundations, the plinth can be made:

• From concrete blocks;
• From a monolith;
• From brick.

Concrete block plinth

Scheme of the plinth of concrete blocks

Their dimensions should not be less than the height of the base. And it is undesirable that horizontal seams occur. The outer surface of the basement blocks can be made different: smooth, embossed, lined with stone, ceramic tiles, rubble.

There are norms for the weight of blocks, depending on the method of installation: for manual laying, the weight of the blocks should not exceed 100 kg; when using levers made of logs or steel pipes and the presence of mounting loops, the mass of blocks can be up to 500 kg.

Monolithic plinth device

Plinth made of monolithic reinforced concrete

A monolithic concrete plinth is made using formwork, where liquid cement is poured, and after pouring concrete, we get both the foundation and the plinth. Can be given different textures outer surface monolithic concrete plinth, if rubber mats, corrugated fiberglass, etc. are laid in the formwork. The concrete surface after stripping is cleaned, all voids and cracks are sealed, covered with liquid cement mortar. For reinforcing the walls, meshes with cells of 150-250 mm from wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm are used, for longitudinal reinforcement, rods with a diameter of 12 mm with clamps with a diameter of 5 mm are used.

Brick plinth device

Brick basement at home

For laying the basement, solid brick M-50 is used. The height of the plinth is from four rows of bricks and above. Finishing a brick basement can be done with natural stone, tiles, siding (see below for a description of the basement finish).

Plinth arrangement on slab foundations

The top of the slab foundation can be used as a base.

For example:

Ribbed top foundation slab as the basement of the house

Plinth from a part of the foundation slab

The device of the base with a columnar foundation

It is believed that the construction of the basement of a building on columnar (pile) foundations is a particularly time-consuming and responsible process. The role of the base in columnar and pile foundations performs grillage * and and zabirka*, which are beams or slabs, between pillars or piles.

Plinth from a grillage with a columnar foundation

* pick-up - walls arranged between pillars; *grillage - walls arranged above the pillars.

The base can be made in the form of a pickup.

Zabirka is the simplest type of plinth, which is arranged between the pillars of the foundation. It serves to protect the underground space from dust, moisture, snow drifts. Most often, the pickup is used in wooden houses, with a columnar foundation. Usually the fence is made from the same material as the posts.

Wooden plinth with a columnar foundation in a wooden house

Most often, the pick-up is deepened into the ground by 30-50 cm, then plastered with cement mortar. With clay soils, a sand cushion 15-20 cm deep is arranged under the pick-up. The minimum thickness of the take-off depends on the material:

• rubble masonry - 20-30 cm;
• brickwork - ½ - 1 brick;
• reinforced concrete - 10-12 cm.

For ventilation basement holes (vents) with a size of 140x140 mm (1 hole per 3 linear meters of the foundation) are left in the intake, 150 mm above ground level. Vents can be inserted into these holes, which are closed during cold weather.

On heaving soils and with external walls made of bricks or small blocks, the plinth should be made in the form of a reinforced concrete lintel.

Socle of reinforced concrete lintels with a columnar foundation on heaving soil

A lintel is a structure that takes the load from a wall section located above the opening. To increase the stability of columnar foundations and to arrange the supporting part of the basement, a grillage is made between the pillars. Reinforced concrete grillage, laid on top of the pillars, can serve as the supporting part of the base with stone and brick walls. The grillage is also made in the form of an ordinary jumper, reinforced with 4-6 reinforcing bars with a diameter of 10-12 mm, laid on a concrete layer 70 mm thick. The height of an ordinary jumper should be 1/4 of the span, but not less than 4 rows of masonry. The grillage can be made in the form of a monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete rand beam. A variant of a columnar foundation with a grillage of typical elements is shown in the figure above. With wooden buildings, the function of a grillage can be performed by a wooden strapping made of logs and timber. At the same time, the space between the blind area and the strapping, with the grillage, is filled with a pick-up.

If you are arranging a monolithic base, then it is advisable to consider that it should not rest directly on heaving soil. Experts usually advise leaving a free space (10-15 cm) between the ground and the base, which is subsequently closed asbestos-cement sheets, brick, trim or non-rocky soil.

High socle-grillage with a columnar foundation on heaving soil

Plinth waterproofing device

For additional protection of the basement from atmospheric moisture (snow, rain), they put around the entire perimeter of the basement protective screen iron concrete slabs or asbestos-cement sheets (see fig. 12).

Types of basement structures

Towards outer wall the base can be sunken, protruding, be in the same plane with the wall.

Types of plinths

Not all existing designs considered equally rational.

Falling base the most common and more protected from mechanical damage, from rain, slanting rains, provides a quick runoff of water from the walls, since it is deeper than the wall. It is more economical: it has a smaller thickness (see figure), that is, less is needed building materials. This type of plinth does not require draining and looks aesthetically pleasing, as the ledge hides the waterproofing layer.

But in some cases, a sunken plinth cannot be arranged, for example, if it is required to make it thicker due to weather conditions, or the walls of the house are thin, etc. Device protruding plinth justified if the house has thin outer walls, and also if there is a warm underground: underground floor, basement. Such a plinth is wider than the thickness of the outer walls. The protruding plinth will protect the underground from the cold. The protruding base is more than the sinking one, it is subjected to both mechanical and atmospheric influences, as it protrudes forward. At the protruding basement, it is necessary to make waterproofing protection and drains around the perimeter of the building.

plinth,built into the wall, that is, on the same level with it, builders usually do not recommend doing it, since the waterproofing coating remains open and unprotected from external influences. With this design, the waterproofing material is visible from the outside and looks unaesthetic.

Base material

Types of materials for the base

The plinth is involved in shaping the appearance of the house, so what the plinth is made of is affected by the material and texture of the walls. For a protruding base, you need to choose materials that do not need finishing and are very durable: red brick, natural stone, concrete.

If the walls of the building are smooth, then against their background the brick base looks very aesthetically pleasing. You can also veneer it with stones or concrete slabs. Under brick walls houses usually use such a plinth: concrete foundation blocks, tiled with natural stone; reinforced concrete plinth; plinth lined with solid brick grade 50 MRZ.

The plinth is exposed to ground moisture, precipitation, cycles of freezing and thawing. The base material must be durable, practical, frost-resistant. Therefore, the plinth is laid out from durable materials: stone, concrete, brick.

• The most durable is plinth from monolithic concrete . It is better to erect it immediately around the entire perimeter of the house without vertical and horizontal seams. The plinth of monolithic concrete is made in the formwork. For the construction of such a base, special high-strength cements of grade 300-400 are used. It is possible to strengthen and strengthen the base with a reinforcing cage made of pipes, corners or wire. Then concrete surface clean, close voids and cracks and cover with liquid cement mortar. It can be painted, but the paint on the plinth does not last long. With a sufficient thickness of the plinth, artificial or artificial masonry can be used as formwork. natural stone.
• Concrete block plinth. Rows of concrete blocks are laid with dressing, mounting the blocks on cement mortar. The variety of standard sizes of concrete blocks is small, during the construction of the basement, multiple blocks may appear, the places not covered by the blocks are filled with monolithic concrete.
• Plinth made of natural stonesused for strip foundations.

Type of basement made of natural stone

Stone plinths are made from natural stone on cement mortar. The technology of erecting a stone plinth requires professional skills. On the foundation, first lay out the base in width equal to the width of the base. The laying of a stone base begins with the construction of corners: the largest stones are laid here.

When laying, the stones are brought as close as possible to each other (for this they try to use bed-shaped stones - that is, having a large percentage flat surface), between them the space is filled with cement mortar. The entire array of masonry must be divided by vertical seams. The wall is leveled along the "pier" cord stretched between the corner stones. To increase the strength of the masonry, the seams between the stones are bandaged. The upper plane of the base is leveled with a layer of mortar or a belt of monolithic concrete. The height of the rows of masonry is calculated from the height of the stones and the thickness of the horizontal joints, which is allowed within 10-15 mm. The thickness of vertical seams can be from 8 to 15 mm.

• The plinth is brick.Usually used red solid brick brand 50 Mrz (frost resistance). Silicate brick is not stable in a humid environment and collapses under the influence of moisture. In areas with winter temperatures of -30 C, the thickness of the brick base should be one and a half to two bricks.

Types of red brick plinth

The brickwork of the basement should be additionally protected. Ironing is sometimes used for this: cement is applied in its pure form on top of a standard plaster solution and rubbed with a trowel. It is possible to cover a brick plinth with water-repellent compounds: they protect the plinth from moisture at the molecular level. Sometimes, after plastering a brick base, it is painted. In this case, you can use silane-siloxane-based paints, which have properties similar to water repellents: they let moisture vapor through, but do not let water through. There is another option - special highly resistant paints for the base. The brick plinth looks beautiful after painting with chloroxide paint with pigment, in which the seams are cut with chloroxide paint without pigment, i.e. white color. To protect the masonry, you can use water-repellent compounds. They reliably protect the base from moisture at the molecular level, and, by the way, do not change the color and texture of the material.

basement insulation

Significant heat losses occur through basement ceilings located above unheated basements and undergrounds. In this case, not only the cost of heating the house, but also the possibility of creating a comfortable living environment depend on the quality of thermal insulation. Therefore, the basement needs to be insulated.

Insulation of the basement of the house

To insulate the basement, materials are used that have water absorption close to zero and are able to maintain heat-shielding properties in a humid environment. These requirements are met by materials with closed pores - most often extruded polystyrene foam is used. For mounting polystyrene boards use adhesives and mastics that do not contain components such as acetone, solvent, etc., as they dissolve polystyrene, also instead of hot bituminous mastics apply cold. When insulating the basement, the heat-insulating material is placed on the outside. After the hard insulation is glued to the base with adhesive mastic, it is then plastered over the grid.

An example of an insulated base for wooden house

Basement insulation in a wooden house

The design of this plinth consists of: a blind area, a coating of roofing iron, felt, plaster, plinth, roofing felt, warm concrete* at half the crown height, cement screed, slag, compacted soil and tar. Warm concrete at 1/2 the height of the crown consists of 1 part of cement, 1 part of lime, 9 parts of fine slag.

In private construction, an inexpensive and relatively uncomplicated plinth device, which is called a "fill" is common.

Socle- "filling"

Finishing materials for the plinth

You can hide the plinth by lining it with the same material as the walls. But since the plinth emphasizes the architecture of the building, it is customary to emphasize it with decoration.

• Plastering with coloring. Used for brick plinth different types. The plaster will hide defects, it allows air to pass through, protects its base from water and temperature extremes. Before plastering, a metal (or fiberglass) mesh is attached to the base with dowels, its function is to level the surface and reinforce the coating. When plastering, you can create a relief surface. From above, the plinth is painted with facade paints. When creating such a finish, it is necessary to plaster and tint it, especially in places near the blind area, since the cycles of freezing and thawing, the accumulation of moisture cause cracking and shedding of the plaster.
• Concreting of the outer surface. More reliable method finishes than plaster. Used for brick plinth and block plinth. For concreting, a metal mesh is attached to the base, and then a formwork is installed, where concrete is poured. Builders recommend finishing with concrete around the perimeter of the house at the same time so that the coating is monolithic.

  The formwork is removed after the concrete has cured. The concreted surface is painted with facade paints.

• Tiling and artificial stone. It is used for monolithic plinths, plinths made of concrete slabs and bricks. Tiles are made from various mixtures: polystyrene foam asbestos-cement, cement-stone mixtures. They are attached to the facade with adhesive solutions or dowels. Artificial stone is created from concrete based on ground natural stone and cement. It can be a complete imitation of natural stone. It is better to entrust his styling experienced master. For fastening to the wall with the help of forged nails, guides made of reinforcing steel with a diameter of 6-8 mm are hung, between which a wire mesh with a diameter of 1.1-1.2 mm is stretched with cells no larger than 40 mm in size.
• Natural stone finish. This type of decoration is very beautiful. Suitable for monolithic plinth, made of concrete slabs (see description below) Chopped cobblestone, lime slate, marble and other stones are used as the material, depending on the style of the building. In order for the finish to look perfect, you need to have professional skills. The installation process takes several days. The plinth can also be finished with facing bricks.
• Siding trim. Siding - these are facing panels that are given the most diverse look. Siding panels have a surface that does not require additional painting, they are made in various textures and colors. Siding can be used in a wide range of temperatures (-50 +60 °). It is durable, does not corrode and does not fade (see below for a description of siding work).

There are certain rules for finishing the basement. When choosing combinations color shades when creating the architecture of the house, it is worth taking into account that the basement should have darker tones than the walls and be combined with the color of the roof. When finishing the basement, you should be guided by the principle of combining colors that are close to each other or contrasting shades. But these rules are only suitable if you do not plan to create an extravagant structure. If there are walls above the basement log houses, from a bar or smooth, plastered, it is better to make the plinth cladding from natural or artificial stone, which will visually make the building heavier.

Consider several options for finishing the sinking base.

Option to finish the plinth of concrete blocks with natural cobblestone

Concrete block plinth decorated with natural cobblestone

Consider the option when the wall of the house is brick. Pick up stones from flat surface and up to 10 cm thick, the cobblestone can also be pricked with a sledgehammer. First row brickwork walls should protrude above concrete block plinth half the length of the brick (12 cm), so it is important that the facing stone does not protrude beyond the wall.

Around the plinth, to a width of 50-70 cm and to a depth of 10 cm, the soil is removed with a shovel. Crushed stone or gravel is poured into the trench, then watered abundantly with water and after an hour or two they are rammed, creating a “cushion” under the slopes around the house (“cushion” should be arranged at ground level). Lay out the bottom row first. The stone and base are moistened with water. With a trowel, cement mortar is thrown onto the base over an area corresponding to the size of the stone. The stone is turned with its flat surface outward and driven into the solution by tapping with a hammer.

The stone with its lower edge should rest on a “pillow” of rubble. The flat surface of the stone should be parallel to the plane of the base. Then the second stone is also fastened, and in this way the entire first row is laid along the base. They wait about a day for the solution to harden (if the weather is dry), then proceed to the second row. These stones rest on the first row.

The resulting voids are filled with the solution, trying not to get it on the surface of the stone (if the solution does get on the stone, you need to let it harden a little, and then clean it off with a dry, stiff brush). After fixing the next row, “joint stitching” is performed, which means applying metal jointing to smooth the mortar between the stones. To make the lining look voluminous, the seams should “sink” relative to the surface of the stone a centimeter deep. If some stones will have a thickness less than average, then a thicker layer of cement is needed under them in order to keep all the stones in the same plane. So all rows fit. In dry weather, those rows that were laid earlier are watered. It is possible to veneer the plinth with other natural stones, for example, with dolomite stone.

After the end of the last row, they begin to create a slope for the outflow of water from the house at an angle of 5-10 degrees from the base to the ground. When constructing a slope, stones are driven into the cement mortar, fitting them to each other in such a way that an even slide is formed. All spaces between stones must be filled with cement mortar.

The option of finishing the socle from liquid concrete with natural cobblestone

Concrete plinth decorated with natural cobblestone

Formwork needs to be prepared. The selected stones are placed inside the formwork with a flat surface against the formwork wall, and fixed with cement. After installing the first row, it is poured with concrete. After two or three hours, a row of stones is again exposed close to the wall of the formwork, and again they are poured with concrete. During the day, up to half a meter of stones line up. Thus, you get a basement immediately lined with stone. The formwork is removed after a few days. Surface facing stone cleanse. A cement mortar with a certain color is prepared and the space between the stones is filled with it, after a few hours the seams are embroidered with a trowel, then the outer surface is cleaned.

The facade of the basement must match the architectural appearance of the building, so you can decorate the basement. For example, when preparing a concrete mix, colored cement or crushed red bricks are added. There is another option for designing the facade of the basement: after removing the formwork panels, it is then reassembled, only made wider. A gap is formed between the plinth and the formwork, expanded clay mixed with a water-cement mortar (water-cement mortar - 0.7 - 0.8, expanded clay - 5 parts) is poured there and poured with cement water. Instead of expanded clay, you can take crushed granite, marble chips, etc. When processing the base, profiles and rust are used, as a result of which it acquires a decorative cladding.

Option to finish the plinth with siding

For plinth finishing different materials many manufacturers offer basement siding - this is facade panels, which very accurately mimic natural material. Such siding is made of polymers. Its purpose is to protect the base from the effects of the external environment. Basement siding has a panel thickness of more than 2 mm, it is convenient to use it for facing the basement of existing buildings. The light weight of basement siding and attractive appearance make it possible to use it for lining basement, pipes, transitions, etc. Basement siding can be easily installed on any surface thanks to a simple fastening system using spikes and clips (Fig. 20):

Connecting siding panels

If the surface of the plinth is even, some types of siding can be installed without a crate. If the surface is uneven, then the installation of the siding is carried out on a crate made of metal profiles(same as when installing drywall).

Fastening siding panels to metal profiles

During operation, the panels shrink and expand, so when installing the basement siding, you need to leave the opportunity for the panels to move slightly, this is also necessary to drain condensate. Nails are hammered exactly in the center of the hole, while it should not reach the surface by 3-5 mm. The crate is hung on the prepared wall: clean, without breakage. If you are nailing horizontal elements, you need to do it from the middle to the edge, while vertical elements are nailed from top to bottom.

The corners are framed with siding bent under right angle. To do this, it is heated from the unpainted side (up to a temperature of + 120 ° C). It should be noted that the fold of the basement siding should recede 1-2 cm further than the corner line of the building.

Siding panel fold line

Installation of plinth panels is simple, so they can finish the plinth of any design. The price of basement siding is on average $12/m2.

To protect the basement, a blind area is arranged around the entire perimeter of the house, which can be read about in articles and. The width of the blind area is at least 600 mm, the slope is 2-3% in the direction from the wall of the structure. The material for the blind area is concrete, asphalt, paving made of natural or artificial stone is less commonly used.

By arranging a basement, you will protect underground spaces, as well as the walls of your house, from adverse external influences, cold and moisture. And, in addition, the base plays an important role in creating general view your house.

Attention: Prices are valid for 2009.

The procedure for finishing the basement of the building is a rather important process that requires special care. Since it is the base that is under the strong influence of moisture and other irritants. How to choose the right material for finishing the plinth and how to install it, we will consider further.

Features of the lining of the basement of the house

The plinth is located at the bottom of any building, most often tiles or stones are used for its decoration. The plinth not only performs a decorative function of the building, but also protects it from moisture penetration, dampness, and load distribution.

The plinth is the basis for the construction bearing walls. The correct construction of the basement is reflected in the quality of the future building.

The most irritating factor for the base is precipitation. In addition, he is under the influence ground water, and the difference between the temperature in the ground and in the air.

Therefore, the most important requirement for the finishing material used in the lining of the plinth is its stability and protection of this element from moisture. In addition, a properly finished plinth allows you to provide reliable protection foundation.

The process of choosing materials for finishing the plinth should be based primarily on the use of high-strength materials that are resistant to temperature changes and moisture. At the same time, they should have an attractive appearance and be in harmony with the overall exterior of the building.

There are cases of a monolithic plinth finish, which is a combination of a foundation with a plinth. For these purposes, concrete, individual blocks, stone or special bricks are used. The elevation of the base above the ground occurs at a level of 500-700 cm.

Most often, the plinth is finished after the walls have been erected. It is advisable to do otherwise, the plinth must be protected immediately after the foundation has been erected. At the same time, all work is carried out in the form of waterproofing, plastering, finishing.

Before the start of facing work, a drainage cushion is created, covering the entire perimeter of the structure. It looks like a recess, 150-200 mm wide, about half a meter wide.

After finishing, the recess is filled with gravel, which performs the function of drainage. After preparing the base, it is plastered with cement-lime plaster. To increase the strength of the structure, in order to connect the base to the foundation, they are reinforced with a special mesh. To provide additional waterproofing of the basement, special additives in the form of plasticizers, such as river sand, should be added to the solution.

If this is not done, then the quality of the basement finish will decrease significantly, while the foundation will suffer, and the walls in the house will always be damp. On wet walls, wallpaper does not adhere well and mold with a fungus appears, which is especially dangerous for human health.

In addition, there are two options for arranging the basement:

• recessed;
• exalted.

The first option is preferable, since it does not lead to the accumulation of snow and ice on the surface. In addition, precipitation does not fall on it and it needs less protection from moisture.

The second option for arranging the basement has a more attractive appearance, but it requires special protection using ebbs, tiles with slopes, and waterproofing components.

Before finishing the base, you should inspect its base. It must be strong and even. It should be free of dirt and dust. For elimination different kind irregularities, to remove protruding sections or fill the recess, special compositions of the leveling direction are used.

A special primer is used to impregnate the surface, it will improve the adhesion between the surface of the base and the finishing material.

Materials in the form of artificial stone need additional processing with water-repellent agents. Thus, the material will acquire additional resistance to moisture and dirt. For these purposes, compositions in the form of water repellents are suitable. For their application, it is enough to use a brush or roller.

Clinker tiles for plinth cladding

Materials in the form of slabs for finishing the basement have a cement-stone, polystyrene foam or asbestos-cement base. For their fixation, special compositions based on moisture-resistant glue are used.

The use of clinker tiles for plinth cladding allows you to get an aesthetically attractive base that is in perfect harmony with clinker bricks. The tile differs in special ease and does not load a design of the building. Its thickness varies between 7-20 mm. In addition, to improve the corner joints, special materials are used to simplify the finish.

Installation of clinker tiles involves determining the level for installing its first row. To do this, the height of the plinth is divided by the height of the tiles added to the width of the joints.

For example, for facing a basement, 400 mm high, with a 65 cm high slab with six-millimeter seams, 6 tiles will be required. At the same time, a six-millimeter gap will remain in the lower part of the base, which will require an acrylic or polyurethane mass to fill.

For gluing tiles, an adhesive composition with increased frost resistance, characterized by elastic characteristics, is used. It is applied both on the tile and on the surface of the plinth. Please note that the solution can be on the base not pasted over with tiles for no more than half an hour, then it loses its properties.

To fill the joints between the tiles, a jointing clinker mortar is used. Clinker tiles are characterized by zero moisture absorption, so they do not need to be treated with special compounds.

To finish the basement you will need:

• primers;
• adhesive for tiles;
• tiles;
• mortar for grouting.

Facing the basement of the house with your own hands: stone, polyurethane and resin tiles

The plinth, in the decoration of which stone tiles were used, is distinguished by its spectacular and attractive appearance. But, at the same time, a lot of money will be required to carry out the work and purchase the material. Natural stone for plinth cladding is most often limestone, granite or marble. The shape and configuration of the tiles is very different. Some elements are produced in the form of bricks, others in the form of slabs. Such a tile has a peculiar texture, its surface is of four types:

• polished;
• rubble;
• grainy;
• polished.

The installation of this kind of tile is similar to the installation of clinker material. To fix the tiles on the surface, a special adhesive composition is used, designed to work with stones. The use of another type of adhesive is unacceptable, as cracks and defects may appear on the tile. If it is necessary to have a holistic appearance of the tile, it is recommended to leave gaps of 4-5 mm between its small parts, and 2-3 mm between large parts. A special solution is used to fill the seams. To process limestone and sandstone, you will need to purchase a special water-repellent impregnation.

If there is a protruding plinth, a cornice is used to protect the finish. To carry out the facing of the basement of the house with a stone, you will need:

• primers;
• glue;
• mortar, which fills the seams;
• tiles based on slate, granite, marble or limestone.

Granite cladding of the basement is distinguished by a high service life of such a coating and good technical characteristics.

A more modern finishing material is polymer sand-based tiles. Its use is associated with both the decoration of the facade of the building and the lining of the basement. This type of tile is a composite material on which there is a relief brick texture. The material is lightweight, so it is suitable for finishing any type of plinth. The tile is characterized by high plasticity, resistance to cracking, moisture resistance and resistance to change. temperature regime.

To fix the tiles, a special crate should be equipped, on which the material is attached using self-tapping screws. In the space of the crate, insulation is most often installed. The material is easy to clean, does not collect dirt and is easy to use.

The latest version of the tile is based on the use of resin for its manufacture. This material is an imitation of clinker tiles or natural stone. They are three millimeters thick. With the help of the material, various kinds of surfaces are finished, even with small irregularities. For cutting tiles, it is enough to have scissors. It is mounted on a concrete or plastered base. There are nine color options such a tile. In addition, it differs in texture, which is embossed and smooth.

Plinth cladding photo:

Installation of such a tile involves determining the upper area for its fastening. A notched trowel is used to apply the adhesive. Start laying from the corners, to fill the seams Additional materials will not be required, as they are filled with glue. To increase the aesthetic appeal of the tile, using a brush previously dipped in water, distribute the adhesive along the seams. The wall must be protected from moisture for three days from the date of installation of the tiles.

This material very naturally imitates natural stone, while installation work is easier and cheaper.

Features of lining the plinth with artificial stone

This type of finish is similar in appearance to the use of tiles based on natural stone. Although ordinary concrete is used to make artificial stone. With the help of chemical, organic additives and fillers, the surface has high frost resistance, and dyes help to imitate stone. Artificial stone takes on the appearance of rocks or torn stone.

In relation to the recommendations of the manufacturers, ordinary or elastic bands are used to fix such a stone on the surface. adhesive compositions. Special additives are used to fill the seams. After finishing the plinth, the material is covered with moisture protective agents, which significantly improve its service life.

The appearance of the surface is presentable, although the cost of purchasing the material is less than the price of natural stone.

The technology of lining the plinth with PVC panels

In order not to carry out wet work on gluing tiles, they use a simpler option - PVC panels. This material is lightweight and easy to install. In addition, the panels are resistant to temperature changes. There are two main PVC variant panels:

• with imitation brickwork;
• mosaic stucco.

The material is attached to a wooden or steel crate. First, the level is set and the starting profile is fixed. It holds the first of the panels. Docking of elements with each other occurs with the help of grooves. To close the base, overhead elements are used.

There are special overlays for overlapping corners. This type of base does not need to be treated with water-repellent agents.

Mosaic plaster for plinth cladding - technology

This version of the plaster is distinguished by the presence of small grains, which have the form of a multi-colored mosaic. Due to the presence of resin in the composition, the plaster is moisture resistant and vapor permeable. In addition, it has high resistance to mechanical stress and low temperature.

This type of plaster adheres well to plasters based on gypsum, cement, lime and sand. On materials of piece origin and on a heat-saving version of plaster, applying this material forbidden.

This type of plaster is applied by hand. To carry out the work, you will need a grater. To increase the adhesion between the plaster and the coating, it is recommended to throw a little ordinary plaster on the wall before applying the mosaic plaster.

After applying the plaster, the process of leveling it on the surface follows. Grouting the solution is done with a grater. After its application, special water repellents are used, which increase the resistance of the material to ultraviolet radiation, wind and precipitation.

Brick cladding options

Brickwork improves the appearance of the building, making it more respectable. In addition, the brick is in perfect harmony with other finishing materials used in wall cladding.

There are several options for facing the basement so that the surface takes on the appearance of brickwork:

1. The use of natural brick - this method is distinguished by the possibility of arranging a ventilated gap into which the insulation is mounted. In addition, brickwork has good thermal insulation characteristics. In the process of work, brick is used:

• hyperpressed type - characterized by high weight, low moisture absorption and good strength characteristics;
• silicate type - used less often, has worse performance characteristics, but is cheaper;
• ceramic type - hollow inside, so it retains heat well.

2. In order to give the basement surface the appearance of brickwork, it is enough to use clinker tiles. They have the best performance characteristics, are easy to install and do not differ in appearance from brickwork. In addition, the presence of effects such as artificial aging, uneven firing, different colors and textures, can improve the appearance of the surface.

3. Plinth panels- a simpler version of brickwork imitation, the cost of which is much lower than that of the previous options, and the ease of installation is higher. In addition, the panels are easy to maintain and do not get dirty.

Plinth trim video:

The basement in construction is the lower part of a residential building, lined with tiles or stone. However, the plinth is not just a decoration, but also an upper part. concrete base a house, which usually protrudes above the ground level and on which the construction of load-bearing walls is directly carried out. The plinth in construction performs not only a load-bearing, but also a leveling function. It is at this stage that the foundation of the future building is leveled and “driven into the horizon”. It is very important to understand not only what it is best to build a basement from, but also why such a structure is needed.

Basement at home: why is it needed and what functions does it perform?

Before you say what is best to build a base, you need to figure out why it is needed. Representing the upper part of the base of the house, the basement is the component of the structure, which is exposed to a significant proportion of the impact of various kinds of precipitation. Thus, the basement protects the foundation of the house from destruction. This part of the structure is subject to a significant part of the temperature differences between air and soil. Usually, the basement of a house is exposed to groundwater and flood waters. So it is important to understand not only what is best to build a basement from and why it is needed, but also in matters of waterproofing this part of the house. A high-quality insulation device will ensure optimal humidity and temperature directly in the house, as well as increase the life of the building.

When you need to use only high-quality and durable materials, and for finishing use a good moisture-proof and heat-shielding material.

The basement of the house can be made monolithic. In this case, it will be a single unit with the foundation. Also quite often in construction there are plinths laid out separately from special bricks, natural stone or concrete blocks. The basement needs to be made about 50-70 cm above ground level. Sometimes it can be raised even higher - up to 150 cm. This is done in order to provide additional waterproofing for the house. There are no regulatory and technical restrictions in this matter.

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What to make a plinth on a strip foundation?

Now that you know why the plinth is being built, it's time to figure out what it is better to build it on foundations from. various types. So, when building on a strip foundation, the basement of a house can be made of brick, monolith and concrete buildings.

The concrete block structure is created after the foundation is laid. Rows of building blocks are laid out with dressing. Used for luggage concrete mortar. When working with blocks of different sizes, non-multiple modules may occur. In this case, spaces not covered by blocks are filled with monolithic concrete. You can work with any proportions of blocks, but it is better that their height is not less than the size of the plinth. It is important to avoid the formation of horizontal seams. The outer surface of the plinth, built of concrete blocks, is decorated with rubble, boulder or ceramic tiles.

The basement of the house can be made of monolithic concrete. To do this, a formwork is created, into which a concrete solution is subsequently poured. To prepare the solution, you need to use cement grade M300, and better - M400. It is possible to strengthen and improve the quality of the base by installing a reinforcing cage made of corners, wire or pipes. All holes and voids in the structure must be sealed, after which the structure is covered with a liquid cement solution. To reinforce the walls of the basement of the house, a lattice with cells of 5x5 cm is used. For the manufacture of the lattice, a wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm is used. Such a base is recommended to be made immediately around the entire perimeter of the building, without vertical and horizontal seams.

In the case of the construction of a brick base, solid brick M-100 is used. The use of hollow bricks is excluded, because. it may not withstand future horizontal loads. The height of the brick base is at least 4 rows. The thickness, as a rule, is 1 brick (250x120x65). The masonry must be strong, with jointing and filling of seams, with a smooth outer surface.

You can finish the finished brick basement of the house with natural or artificial stone, siding, tiles.

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What types of plinth are there?

The type of basement at home directly depends on how it is connected with outer wall. So, in relation to the outer wall, the plinth can be recessed, protruding, or be located in the same plane with the wall. The latter option is considered by experts to be the least optimal. In the case of a house on the same level with the wall, there is practically no moisture insulation.

The sinking structure is considered the most effective.

The main advantages of this design are the highest level protection against atmospheric and mechanical loads, as well as high efficiency (the smallest amount of material is used for construction compared to other types of plinth).

When building a sunken basement, you can not make a drain for rainwater runoff, because. the overhanging edge of the surface will provide adequate rain protection. This design looks attractive and modern, and the ledge of the wall completely hides the waterproofing. However, the construction of a sunken basement is not always possible. It is not recommended to build such a structure with sufficiently thin walls of the house and with a torn edge of rubble masonry.

At home, it is done if the house has a basement or underground. The use of this design is best suited if the house has thin walls. In such situations, the plinth will provide not only protection from moisture, but also from the cold.

When building a house on a strip foundation, the plinth, as a rule, is its upper part, which protrudes above the ground. When building a house on a columnar foundation, these are walls erected between the pillars. Such a construction is called a pickup. Such a base, as a rule, is arranged during the construction of a wooden house on a columnar foundation. Zabirka not only serves as a base, but also additionally strengthens the foundation.

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Which plinth to choose when building on a columnar foundation?

If the house is built on a columnar base, the basement can be made in the form of a grillage (structure above the pillars) or a fence (structure between the pillars).

The grillage can be made in the form of a jumper, reinforced with 4-6 bars with a diameter of 10-12 mm. Reinforcing bars are laid on a concrete layer 7 cm thick. The height of an ordinary jumper is ¼ of the span, but not less than four rows of masonry. In case of wooden buildings as a grillage, a wooden strapping made of timber and logs can act. In addition, the grillage can be made in the form of a prefabricated reinforced concrete or monolithic beam. When constructing a monolithic structure, it is not necessary that the base rest on the ground. In this case, free space must be left between it and the ground in the gap between the posts (about 100-150 mm).

It is necessary to engage in the formation of the texture of the plane of the reinforced concrete or concrete base even at the stage of pouring the solution. The device of the socle-grillage must be given Special attention: if it is done incorrectly, then in the future there is a high risk of deformation not only of the basement, but of the entire structure of the house.

The pick-up base can be made of concrete, wood, brick, stone. Such a design should go deep into the ground by 30-50 cm. The height of the pick-up, as already mentioned, should be at least 4 rows. The finished structure is plastered with cement mortar. It is necessary to try to ensure that the plane of the basement of the house around the entire perimeter is uniform in shape and texture.

If the construction is carried out on heaving soil, then a sand cushion is necessarily made under the pick-up. Cushion width - 150-200 mm. It can be 20 cm wider than the pick-up. In such a basement, a device is necessarily provided ventilation holes. Minimum allowable wall thickness of the socle-pickup:

• for reinforced concrete - 10-12 cm;
• for brickwork - 12 cm.

The material for the construction of the fence is selected taking into account what material the walls of the house will be made of. In brick buildings, as a rule, the plinth is also made of brick. In wooden houses - from boards or logs. The wooden fence can be vertical or horizontal. The horizontal one is erected from boards 4-6 cm wide. The side plane of the boards for the construction of the intake should include a bevel or ridge. The boards are inserted into pre-prepared grooves in the bars arranged in. To create a horizontal fence, lumber of greater length is used - up to 300 cm, so it is somewhat more expensive.

For a vertical structure, a trench is dug with a depth of about 40-60 cm. A layer of sand is poured into the trench, and a layer of sand is poured into the trench, and a horizontal bar. It needs to be laid longitudinal groove up. A similar bar is installed from above, but already with the groove down, and is attached to the object's harness. The ends should rest on the base. It is better not to arrange a groove in the harness, because. this simplification reduces its reliability and service life. The width of the groove depends on the dimensions of the board being arranged. For such construction, beams 10-15 cm thick are used. The beams and boards of pick-ups that are laid in the ground must be tarred to prevent their decay.

To create a vertical structure, you can use small boards about a meter long, left over from the construction of the house. So this technology is more profitable and economical. However, it has one significant drawback: in case of decay of the lower ends of the boards, they will have to be completely replaced. In the case of a horizontal pick-up, only the bottom boards can be replaced.

Brick cladding of the basement is a variant of finishing the upper part of the foundation of the building, which provides reliable protection of the supporting structure from the negative effects of climate and precipitation.

In addition, it prevents heat loss, and in combination with thermal insulation materials significantly improves the energy-saving characteristics of a country house. Facing the basement with colored or textured bricks also performs decorative functions.

Properly choosing the finish, which is combined with the design of the facade and fence, you can create an interesting architectural ensemble.

The nuances of choosing a cladding

When buying material for finishing the upper part of the foundation, you need to pay attention to its performance properties, texture and color. Choosing a facing decorative brick on the base, preference should be given to products that differ:

• low coefficient of moisture absorption;
• resistance to low temperature and its differences;
• strength and durability;
• ability to withstand heavy loads.

Finishing is selected in a single color scheme with the facade of the house or you can make it contrast. Interesting decorative effect obtained by using bricks of the same shade for facing the foundation of the building and the fence.

The use of more than three primary colors in the decoration is undesirable, since it is difficult to choose a harmonious combination of colors and architecture of the building.

Types and characteristics

Decorative facing brick, which can be used to decorate the basement of the house, is presented in four versions. Depending on the raw materials used and the characteristics of manufacturing, it happens:

• ceramic;
• clinker;
• hyperpressed;
• silicate.

Each type has certain properties and has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Ceramic

It is produced by firing a mixture of clay with a pigment that gives the material a particular shade. Ceramic brick for facing the foundation of a house can be both full-bodied and containing voids. Due to the lighter weight, products of the second type can reduce the load on the supporting structures of the building.

For ceramic bricks, the following is characteristic:

• resistance to fire and low temperatures;
• strength;
• the ability to maintain their parameters for a long time;
• low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• environmental Safety.

Among the shortcomings of the material, one can single out the high cost and the tendency to form a whitish coating on the surface, which reduces the attractiveness of the building from the outside.

hyperpressed

It can be obtained from crushed limestone with the addition of cement and dye by pressing under high pressure. Brick of this type is not fired, but is not inferior in strength to clinker and ceramic counterparts. It is resistant to low temperatures and can be easily machined, and the small thermal efficiency is compensated with the help of a heater. Thanks to an interesting texture reminiscent of natural stone, finishing the foundation with hyperpressed bricks allows you to embody any design ideas for home decoration.

Clinker

It is a modified version of ordinary brick, which is made from a special type of clay by processing at high temperature. The result is a material of increased strength with a dense structure.

He absorbs minimal amount water, withstands intensive use and is used as a plinth finish, and is also used for paving paths and framing window and doorways. The main disadvantage of clinker is its high thermal conductivity.

Application silicate brick impractical, since, along with low cost, it is characterized by increased moisture absorption and poor resistance to low temperatures.

Decoration options

Apart from operational properties facing brick important characteristics are the color and texture of its surface.

Tools and fixtures

In order for the lining of the basement of a house or a fence to be not only interesting in design, but also durable, it is necessary to follow the technology for its implementation.

To finish the surface of the supporting structure from the outside, the following is required:

• solution container;
• concrete mixer;
• trowel (trowels);
• level, plumb, tape measure and cord;
• hammer;
• sewing tool.

In addition, fine clayey sand, water, cement and pigment will be required to tint the solution to match the color of the building foundation cladding. The number of bricks is calculated in accordance with overall dimensions basement and the perimeter of the house.

Cladding colors

The hyperpressed brick is colored by adding a pigment to the molding mass. Due to the absence of firing, all bricks have the same color throughout the volume, and different batches of material are the same in tone. However, the addition of cement muffles the brightness of the colors, so this finish of the basement of the house has a grayish “concrete” tint. Her palette is represented by a variety of colors, including: black, white, terracotta, straw and chocolate. It looks interesting facing the foundation of peach, pistachio, bright green or sky blue.

The colors of clinker and ceramic bricks are represented by all sorts of variations of red, brown, beige and other tones. The color intensity can be changed using different impurities and additives. Affects brick color and impact high temperatures during firing, so different batches of material do not match in brightness. Such products are used for a foundation or a mixed fence, which allows you to create the effect smooth transition shades on the surface.

A specific color of sand-lime brick can be obtained by adding pigment to the molding mixture, or by coloring the face layer on both sides. The latter finish is less durable and quickly loses its attractiveness and brightness.

surface texture

Diversify decoration bricks for facing a house can also be done with the help of reliefs, which are created by a combination of depressions, depressions and roughness. The resulting pattern may be random or ordered. Among other ways to form an interesting brick texture for finishing the basement of a house, one can distinguish:

• gunning or applying mineral chips to the surface, which is performed before firing the clinker;
• ceramic coating (engobing), obtained by spraying a liquid mass and subsequent firing;
• glazing with a special composition.

Hyper-pressed brick is not subjected to firing, therefore, changes in its surface are carried out by processing on special machines, obtaining the texture of natural stone of different breeds.

Cladding technology

Before finishing the basement of suburban housing or a house in the private sector, you must complete the list preparatory work. It may include the following operations:

• leveling the foundation surface with a level;
• jointing of cracks with subsequent filling of gaps with concrete mortar;
• primer treatment.

After the primer has dried, you can proceed to facing the foundation. First, all rows of bricks are laid out dry, not fastened together with mortar. This will allow you to assess the condition of the material and postpone products with chips and other shortcomings. At the same time, ligation is also planned, with the help of which the stability and reliability of the structure are ensured.

Then a cement mortar is prepared by mixing the components, and the first line of bricks is laid out on the top of the plinth. The laying of the remaining rows is carried out after the corners are made. To do this, they line the corners to a height of 4-5 rows, and pull the cord to fit the brick in one level. On it, the laying of the remaining elements of the decoration continues.

Watch the video on how to use brick for sheathing the base.

Upon completion of the work, the seams are embroidered, removing excess mortar. To ensure ventilation, every fourth in the bottom row should be left empty. For added strength, the trim can be attached to the plinth using anchor bolts or wire-wrapped dowels. The cladding of the fence is carried out in a similar way, and the bricks and the building envelope must rest on a common foundation.

A layer of thermal insulation can be located under the brick cladding. To prevent the accumulation of moisture, it is necessary to leave a gap of 2-3 cm between the insulation and the finish.