Turnkey brick barbecue. Do-it-yourself corner fireplace step-by-step instructions How to lay out a fireplace indoors

04.09.2017
14568
Pechnik (Moscow)

Anyone can make a fireplace out of brick with their own hands, the arrangement of which is quite simple and standard if desired. However, in order to ensure that all conditions and quality criteria for the work done are met, we recommend using only proven schemes and not skipping the preparatory stage.

You can learn about this and much more further by also watching the video in this article.

Preparatory stage of work

Arranging a brick fireplace requires careful preparation and adherence to a series of useful tips, which you can find in this table:

Advice: one of the most difficult and responsible actions in this process is the installation and assembly of the chimney pipe. If you do not have relevant experience in carrying out such installation activities, it is recommended to first consult with a specialist or entrust the progress of this work to him personally.

Several ready-made and proven schemes

A do-it-yourself fireplace made of brick, the order of which is presented below - this is a ready-made and proven scheme that you can use in your work right now. The schemes presented in the article are completely universal and are suitable for implementation in premises with an area of ​​40 square meters or more, which allows them to be assembled both in a large, spacious and multi-storey private cottage, and in a small wooden country house.

Important: regardless of what material your house is made of and what finishing the floor and wall coverings have, before you install the fireplace yourself, you must insulate these elements. For this, any fire-resistant materials are used (tiles, stone, brick, insulation).

Advice: because brick kilns As a rule, regardless of their functions, location and other design features, they have a fairly high mass; at the first stage of the work being carried out, it is necessary to prepare and create an additional foundation, which should be located completely separately and not tied to the foundation of the building itself.

Option one: miniature wall-mounted fireplace

Do-it-yourself brick fireplaces, assembled according to this order, are usually located near the walls and are characterized by small dimensions and average weight.

Assembly instructions and technology:

1. This fireplace has an English style, is characterized by small dimensions, a direct location of the chimney pipe and a wall location;
2. Before starting masonry, we will need to lay an additional foundation, build a small protective pedestal and seal the wall covering with special heat-reflecting foil;
3. In order to fold the base itself, you can use partially deformed and slightly damaged bricks with small cracks and chips. For laying out the firebox itself, material without such defects is selected, with ideal surface and structure;

1. The first two rows are laid out with simple red solid brick. The dimensions of the base are 114 by 127 centimeters;
2. At each stage of work, using a building level and a plumb line, the evenness of the corners is checked, and the first two rows are performed with bandaging;
3. The fourth row is laid out only with refractory bricks, since it will be the bottom of the combustion chamber. For work, a solution based on cement and sand is used;
4. In the fourth to eleventh row, the combustion chamber is laid. To assemble the inner walls, exclusively refractory bricks are used, while the outer sides can be made of ceramic, the price of which is more affordable. To bond ceramics, a standard solution based on sand and cement is used, while for fireproof, you will need a composition based on clay;
5. Further, the ordering of brick fireplaces in places where rear corners are formed requires a mandatory cut (the cut is made in the diagonal direction). For this, a grinder with a special attachment is used;

1. On the 12th row we form a vault, which is formed due to the interlocking masonry mechanism. On at this stage a steel fixing strip and supporting metal corners are also installed;
2. A do-it-yourself brick fireplace from the thirteenth to sixteenth rows is characterized by the formation of a vault and a gas tooth. This prevents smoke and other combustion products from entering the work area. inner part premises;
3. On the 15th row, we make a slight narrowing of the chimney pipe, after which we sharply slightly increase its diameter (sixteenth row);
4. Also at 16 we install a cleaning door and continue laying the chimney (internal walls are fire bricks, external walls are ceramics);
5. From rows 17 to 20, we continue to lay out the chimney pipe with a gradual narrowing as indicated in the diagram attached to the article. To create a tight seal, all seams are well rubbed, and excess is promptly removed with a rag;
6. From rows 21 to 26, the assembly of the chimney pipe continues until the clearance is only one brick. On the twenty-fifth, the chimney is completely blocked using a pre-prepared metal damper.

Important: then, depending on the dimensions and design features of the house, typical chimney laying continues until the required height is reached. After which the structure should dry for several weeks. In order to increase efficiency and at the same time give the installation a more impressive appearance, the surface can be finished with any heat-resistant materials and elements.

The order of laying a fireplace, a video about which you can watch in this article, will help you properly organize all the work and ensure the correct order.

Option two: corner brick oven

A do-it-yourself brick fireplace assembled according to the following scheme is an excellent and most profitable solution for rooms and houses with limited and small area 30-50 squares. The advantages of this design include small dimensions, with a good, complete and advantageous view of the burning flame in the hearth.

DIY Assembly Guide:

• Assembling a fireplace with your own hands, the order of which begins with preparing the foundation and sealing, which will improve the quality and safety of using such a heating unit;
• The first and second rows are laid out according to the standard pattern;
• Each row begins with laying bricks located on the extreme sides, and the thickness of the seams should vary between 4-6 millimeters;
• On the sixth row, it is necessary to leave space for the subsequent installation and installation of a retractable grate, in which all the remains of coal and other formations will subsequently accumulate;
• On the sixth row, one of the bricks should move out. And the ash pit itself is installed on the seventh, after which it is gradually covered with bricks;

Advice: not knowing how to make a fireplace with your own hands, ordering will help you with this and will make this process as easy as possible. However, before applying this or that manual found on the Internet, it is recommended to clarify its accuracy and correctness with a specialist and only then begin work.

• From the eighth to the twelfth row, a combustion hole is formed; for this, the first row is simply not laid out, and only the side and rear walls are formed;
• On the ninth, eleventh and thirteenth rows, the gaps formed between the bricks can be filled with fire;
• On the 14th and 15th rows we begin to lay out the firebox, which goes at a slight slope. And on the sixteenth, a metal corner is installed for fixation as indicated on the instructions;
• On the nineteenth, a pillow is placed, which is necessary for the subsequent installation of such an element as a tooth;
• Next, we assemble the surface of the smoke pipe, which will have a slight slope;

• On the thirty-fourth, the formation of the chimney begins, and the metal damper is mounted after the thirty-fifth row;
• An important element is the so-called fluff. It is installed individually, depending on the height and features of the structure of the house and the ceiling. In this scheme, the installation of this element is carried out on the thirty-eighth row.

Now you know how to build a brick fireplace with your own hands, the order of which is presented in several variations in this article. Anyone can assemble such a structure, even without experience or knowledge in this field. However, in any case, consultation with a specialist will not be superfluous, since each house has its own unique characteristics and design features, requiring an individual approach to the situation.

A classic wood-burning fireplace gives a home a unique coziness and charm, but many consider it too expensive, believing that laying a brick fireplace with your own hands is a job for professionals.

In fact, this task is not so difficult, it is enough to find a suitable drawing or ordering diagram, stock up on materials, and a real fireplace with crackling wood in it will appear in your home.

Any construction work begins with a project, and before you start building a fireplace, you need to decide on the size and shape of your fireplace, because not only its appearance, but also your safety depends on them.

What size fireplace is considered ideal? There is no definite answer to this question; you will have to focus on the size of the room, classic proportions and standard size bricks

1. Determine the dimensions of the firebox. To do this, we measure the area of ​​the room and divide it by 100. For example, for a living room with an area of ​​30 square meters, a combustion chamber area of ​​0.3 meters is sufficient.
2. Finding the depth of the firebox. In relation to its width, the depth should be 1.5-2.5 times less. So, for a selected firebox area of ​​0.3 meters with a depth to width ratio of 1:2, the depth will be 37.5 cm - one and a half bricks, and the width 75 cm - three bricks.
3. Find the height of the firebox. It should be 1.5 times greater than the width: for a firebox three bricks wide, we take a height of just over a meter, which corresponds to 14-15 rows of masonry.
4. We determine another important parameter - the area of ​​the smoke hole. It should have a ratio to the firebox area of ​​1:10 or 1:15. The chimney itself can be slightly wider, but the height of the straight section should not be less than 3 meters and more than 5 meters, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve stable draft.

The easiest way is to use ready-made drawings of brick fireplaces - in this case, you will not have to draw the layout yourself and will be able to avoid unpleasant surprises when lighting. From the proposed options, you will have to choose the fireplace that is most suitable in size and shape, after which you can purchase the material and get to work.

Ready-made order schemes

1. A corner brick fireplace is usually installed in a small living room or bedroom, because it saves space while heating it effectively. The layout of such a fireplace is shown in the figure. The dimensions of the fireplace are 1x1 meter. The outer walls are made of red ceramic bricks (2 hundred pieces), the firebox is made of refractory bricks (1 hundred pieces). In addition, you will need clay and sand, cement, and concrete for the foundation.

   Step-by-step diagram for arranging a brick fireplace - photo

2. The simplest brick fireplace design for beginner stove-makers is a real salvation, because to install this fireplace you will not need a lot of material, and it can heat up enough large room– up to 35 square meters. dimensions such a fireplace is 65x115 cm, the number of ceramic bricks is about 250 pieces, fireclay bricks will need about 100 pieces. Also prepare two bags of oven clay, three or four bags of dry sand, and some cement. You will also need a pipe damper and a steel angle for the firebox arch. The arrangement of a brick fireplace “for beginners” is shown in the figure.
3. For a large living room in classic style a solid English fireplace is needed. To build such a hearth, you need experience working with brickwork and strict adherence to the diagram.

Necessary materials:

• red ceramic brick – 300 pieces;
• fireclay bricks – 130 pieces;
• oven clay or fire-resistant masonry mixture - a couple of bags;
• quarry sand – 4 bags;
• cement – ​​1 bag;
• metal corner and steel strip - 3 pieces of 1 meter each;
• stove door for cleaning the chimney;
• stove damper.

The diagram of a brick fireplace in the English style and its dimensions are shown in the figure.

Scheme of an English brick fireplace with a straight chimney - photo

The general techniques for laying fireplaces are very similar, so the article discusses the most difficult option– English brick fireplace with slanting hood. You can learn how to lay bricks from, and masonry simple fireplace for beginners it should not cause difficulties if you carefully study our recommendations.

Requirements for the fireplace foundation

The stability of the fireplace depends not only on the masonry, but also on the reliability of its base. The foundation for the fireplace must be poured separately from the foundation of the building, otherwise damage to the hearth and chimney may occur due to seasonal soil shifts. If the fireplace is installed against a load-bearing wall, a compensation cushion of sand is made between the strip foundation of the house and the base of the fireplace - it is poured between the foundations and spilled with water.

The height of the base under the fireplace should be such that the first row of masonry is at the level of the finished floor. The foundation pit can be shallow, but on heaving soils a sand and gravel cushion with a thickness of at least 0.5 meters must be made. A layer of sand and gravel compensates for soil shifts and prevents the capillary rise of water from it, which ensures waterproofing of the foundation itself and the walls of the fireplace.

The foundation is poured from M150-M300 concrete with mandatory reinforcement. The formwork is made from boards or plywood, fastening the panels with self-tapping screws. The size of the foundation to be poured must exceed the dimensions of the fireplace on each side by 10 cm. Drawings of brick fireplaces, as a rule, contain required sizes, and when pouring the foundation you can safely use them.

After pouring the foundation, the concrete should be kept until it reaches critical strength for about 5-7 days, after which you can begin marking and laying the fireplace, having previously laid a double layer of additional waterproofing - roofing felt.

Fireplace laying + instructions and video

The laying of an English-style fireplace with a straight chimney is carried out strictly according to the scheme. Before laying begins, the wall behind the fireplace is thermally insulated metal sheet or thick foil, and wooden structures additionally treated with a fire retardant solution for interior works. You should also take care of the fireproof flooring in the front of the fireplace, where sparks and embers can enter.

Laying a brick fireplace - photo

Before laying begins, the bricks are sorted, putting aside those that have cracks and chips. They can be used for laying the foundation. Before each stage, it is convenient to lay out the bricks dry, cut them, and sand them.

Red ceramic bricks are briefly soaked in water before laying, but refractory bricks cannot be wetted; dust and dirt are wiped off its surface with a damp cloth. This measure promotes more uniform drying of the masonry mortar. The order of a brick fireplace with explanations is presented in the drawings.

1. The base of the fireplace (rows 1 and 2) is made of solid red brick. Its area is 1140 by 1270 mm, two rows of masonry with dressing. Before starting laying, it is necessary to check the level of the foundation; if necessary, small unevenness can be leveled by increasing the thickness of the seam. The foundation is laid using a cement-sand mortar, the ratio of cement and sand is 1:2 - 1:3. Rows 3 and 4 are laid out similarly according to the scheme, while the bottom of the firebox in row 4 is made of fire-resistant bricks with fire-resistant mortar. The ratio of clay and sand should be such that the solution does not stick too much to the trowel or spatula, but also does not slide off it.
2. The next stage of laying the fireplace is the construction of the firebox walls. They are laid in accordance with the order, with the inner walls being laid out from refractory bricks on clay mortar, the outer walls - from ceramic bricks, on cement-sand mortar or on a mixture of clay and sand with the addition of 10-20% cement. The bricks forming the rear corners of the firebox are cut diagonally with a grinder. This shape of the firebox promotes better heat transfer.

   Ordinal masonry of the fireplace - the first 4 rows

3. The firebox installation is completed. In the twelfth row, to complete the framing, a corner and a steel strip are installed on top of the masonry according to the diagram and order. The rear part of the twelfth row is made of interlocking bricks, cut at an angle so as to form a vault.

   Ordinal masonry of the fireplace - 5, 6, 7, 8 row

4. Rows 13 to 16 form the fireplace arch and gas tooth - a protrusion in its upper front part that prevents backdraft and smoke from entering the room. The fifteenth row forms a narrowing of the chimney, due to which increased smoke pressure and increased draft are created. Next, the chimney expands, and in row 16 a cleaning door is built into it, through which accumulated soot is removed. The inner surface of the chimney is still made of fireclay bricks, the outer surface is made of red ceramic.

   Row 13-16 fireplace masonry - photo

5. The next stage is the laying of a gradually tapering chimney and chimney. It is carried out according to the scheme, while the seams are carefully rubbed with inside hand and immediately wipe them with a damp cloth to remove any remaining solution. Any roughness on the walls of the chimney will later lead to the accumulation of soot in this place.
6. The last stage is laying the fireplace chimney. The lumen of the pipe is narrowed to one brick and blocked in the 25th row with a damper.
7. make a brick pipe of the required height. The fireplace is dried for 2-5 days at room temperature, after which they begin to slowly heat, achieving uniform heating and sintering of the clay solution on which the firebox is placed. This will prevent it from crumbling and extend the life of the fireplace. After laying and heating, you can begin.

Video - DIY brick fireplace

Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. IN Lately, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.

Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:

1. No smoke.
2. Heating the room.
3. Beautiful appearance.

To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.

Location

Placement of a fireplace in the house

The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.

First you need to decide on the type of structure.

The fireplace stove can have the following design options:

• Wall-mounted.
• Angular.
• Built-in.
• Ostrovny.

Based on this, the home owner can choose appropriate place for the fireplace.

When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules fire safety, the fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.

Materials

Table necessary materials for building a fireplace

Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:

• Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
• River sand. Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
• Crushed stone for making a foundation. The acceptable fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
• Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
• Cement (M 200 or M 300).
• Smoke damper.
• Fittings.

Brick and its varieties

Throughout the entire period furnace construction, solid red brick is used, which is made from clay.

This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.

Characteristics of types of bricks

The brick must have the following properties:

• Have the correct shape;
• Contain no cracks or gouges.
• Have no deformations;

The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.

Material quality requirements

When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

1. The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200.
2. The required quantity of bricks must be purchased from one batch.
3. The appearance of the brick - it should not contain cracks or chips.

Preparation

This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Particular attention, of course, is paid to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.

Proportions of ingredients for preparing mortar for bricklaying

You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.

The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.

Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.

The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.

Pouring the foundation

To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:

Proportions for cement grade M400

• roulette;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• hammer + nails;
• board;
• fittings;
• cement (grade M400).

The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.

The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a layer of concrete of 4 cm, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which the last layer is poured, the height of which should be about 6 cm.

In order for the poured foundation to finished form did not contain voids, the solution was plowed a little with a free rod.

After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.

Fireplace masonry

This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.

Arranging a brick fireplace

DIY fireplace

The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Several layers are laid on top of the foundation base waterproofing material.
2. For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats.
3. The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate.
4. In order to fold the fireplace-stove correctly, you must adhere to the diagram or drawing.
5. To maintain the temperature regime in the future structure, it is necessary to ensure that the outer wall of the brick fireplace does not come into contact with the firebox.
6. To remove excess solution from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth.
7. To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a slight angle of inclination of the rear wall forward. The side walls are designed to be turned outward.
8. To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.

Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.

The ratio of the sizes of the main elements of the fireplace

The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:

• arched,
• wedge,
• vaulted.

To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.

By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.

Chimney

If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.

Bracket for fastening the chimney pipe

Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.

Finishing work

In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.

Decoration for corner option fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.

The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.

Table of tile adhesive consumption per 1 meter depending on the choice and inclination of the comb

The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.

If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.

• For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.

• The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.

• To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.

• When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.

From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.

: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

Source: //kaminyn.ru/hands/kladka-kamina.html

How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands – Home insulation school

Do-it-yourself fireplace How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

The fireplace is one of the oldest heating units that has not lost its popularity to this day. The constant development of the market has led to the emergence of more modern decorative models. They not only decorate the room, but are also able to warm it. Fireplaces can operate on various types fuels: from classic firewood to natural gas.

Photos with examples of brick fireplaces in the interior (click to enlarge)

However, lovers of the classics prefer versions built from ancient times natural stone and brick. For an inexperienced person who is encountering a construction process such as masonry for the first time, the work may seem very difficult. However, anyone can build a brick fireplace with their own hands, with patience and enough time.

When preparing for labor-intensive work, many people pay more attention appearance design, without paying due attention to one of the most important elements - the firebox. For many, it appears as a metal box or a brick niche intended only for storing firewood. But apparent simplicity can only be misleading.

Structurally, the firebox consists of the following elements:

• Base
• Walls
• Smoke collector
• Grate
• Door
• Gate valve
• Ash pan

Base

The base of the firebox is usually made of stone or brick, but for metal models it is usually cast iron. Unlike steel, these materials do not deform under the influence of gravity and high temperature.

The walls can be made of steel, cast iron, fireclay bricks or absent altogether (for example, in open models). Each of the materials has its own pros and cons; a decision must be made based on preferences or after the advice of a specialist.

We have already described many aspects of masonry in the article on how to build a brick stove, go ahead and find out more

Smoke collector

Designed to remove carbon monoxide and fumes outside. It can be a separate element or be a direct part of the firebox. The material is similar to hers. In this case, the vault must be located above the combustion window.

Grate

Through it, the room enters the ash pit, and oxygen for combustion is supplied to the coal or firewood. In gas or liquid fuel fireplaces, the grate separates the firebox and burner. It is made from fireproof ceramic or cast iron and must withstand temperatures reaching 1000 degrees.

The door can be one of two types: open or closed. The greatest preference is given to glass models, which allow visual observation of the combustion process.

Gate valve

The damper shuts off the chimney. By reducing the draft, the firewood slowly smolders inside the firebox, continuing to release heat.

The ash pan is designed to collect combustion products and in traditional models serves as a ash pan. Sometimes it is made in the form drawer, which is freely taken out and shaken off. The hole under the blower must be equipped with a damper to regulate draft.

Calculation of fireplace dimensions and required materials

When building a brick fireplace with your own hands, you need to correctly calculate all its parameters so that it performs not only a decorative, but also a practical function, heating the room. First of all, determine the dimensions of the combustion opening or portal:

1. The ratio of its area should be approximately 1:50 to a similar characteristic of the room. If the room is 20 square meters, then the firebox is 0.4 square meters
2. The height and width should be in a ratio of 2:3. By making a simple equation, you can get the following aspect ratio - 51x77 cm
3. An equally important indicator is the depth of the portal, on which the thrust will depend. It should be 70% of the height, in this case 34 cm. An increase will lead to unreasonable loss of heat, a decrease will lead to the appearance of smoke indoors
4. The chimney area is made 10-15 times smaller than a similar characteristic of the portal
5. In front of the combustion hole it is necessary to place a podium 45-50 cm wide
6. Podiums on the sides of the portal – up to 30 cm
7. The transfer sheet extends beyond the combustion area at a distance of up to 30 cm

If we talk about the required amount of bricks and various Supplies that will be required for the work - it is not possible to give specific numbers. In each specific case, the obtained values ​​will be different and directly depend on the size of the fireplace being built.

Everyone can make approximate calculations themselves, choosing the most suitable ordering option.

Find out also about how to install a heating and cooking stove

Scheme, order and drawing of a brick fireplace

Before work, be sure to obtain sketches and drawings. You can borrow ready-made ones or draw them yourself, indicating the dimensions and features of the structure being built.

If we talk about ordering, you need to decide on the type and location of the fireplace:

• Corner fireplace with round arch
• Corner fireplace with rectangular arch
• Fireplace with podium near the wall
• Classic stove-fireplace

Stove-fireplace

A classic brick fireplace with your own hands should serve not only as a decorative element, but also as a source of heat, be convenient and safe to use. The simplest scheme such a model has the following form:

• The basis of the fireplace is a spacious firebox, closed with a door made of fireproof glass
• An ash pit is installed under it to collect and remove combustion products.
• A smoke channel made of material with high heat capacity is installed on top

The order of a brick fireplace-stove is as follows (with visual images):

1. The first two rows will serve as the base and are laid out completely; starting from the third, it is necessary to provide openings for the blower and cleaning doors, and a smoke duct
2. The bottom of the firebox begins to be laid from the sixth row, fireclay bricks (yellow) are used for it, the same continues in rows 7-9. Afterwards, a grate is mounted between the ash pan and the firebox.
3. In rows 10-12 they continue the same thing, but providing for front side combustion hole. Before laying the 13th row, you need to install the door; the 14th row will have a vertical upper arch
4. Row 15 should level the arch, row 16 should form the mantelpiece. The overlap of the firebox is done on the 17th row and is completely completed on the 18th, leaving a small hole under the smoke channel
5. A damper of a suitable size is installed in the 19th or 20th row. The next 7 next to each other will form the walls of the chimney and stove, and in row 27 a metal strip is placed to support the stove ceiling
6. Rows 28-30 are laid out from red brick and represent stove ceiling. Then a well for the chimney is built (the height is determined in each specific case). In this case, the seams should be bandaged so that each subsequent row overlaps the joints of the previous one.
7. Between the second and third rows of the well it is necessary to install a second damper

You may also be interested in instructions on how to make a barbecue oven

Other order options

Step-by-step video tutorial on masonry:

Order corner fireplace with a semicircular arch:

Arranging a fireplace with a rectangular arch:

Fireplaces with podium:

Some tips

When choosing the location of the fireplace in any particular room, you need to take into account the presence and path of drafts. The optimal solution is to place the structure away from window openings and doors, as well as from the intersection of air flows between them.

Refractory mortar is used for laying fireclay bricks, ceramic bricks are laid on a regular sand-clay mixture. It is prepared according to the instructions on the package. Preparing the solution is a long process. It is necessary to use clean and well-softened clay, kept in water for up to 2-3 days.

If you prepare the adhesive solution incorrectly, soon under the influence high temperatures the brickwork will begin to deteriorate and crack. Required exterior decoration surfaces or not - everyone decides for themselves. Many people prefer to leave everything as is, carefully finishing the seams.

instructions

Let's sum it up

If you approach the work with full responsibility and thoroughly prepare, anyone can lay out a brick fireplace with their own hands. But even small mistakes can negatively affect the final result. As a result, you can get a short-lived design that does not live up to expectations.

If you doubt your abilities, you need to contact a specialist. Having clearly assessed the situation, he will help with the most difficult stages and give some valuable advice.

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Do-it-yourself fireplace laying technology with sequence diagrams and drawings

Despite the availability and abundance of offers of compact and quick-to-install steel and cast iron fireplace inserts, traditional brick fireplaces, the construction of which requires considerable labor and time, continue to attract modern “fire worshipers” who prefer a traditional massive open hearth hand made mass factory product. By various reasons owners of private houses prefer solid brick, some are attracted by the design, others by the solidity of the construction, and still others by the fact that, unlike quickly cooling metal, fired ceramics will retain the warmth of burning logs and coals for many hours. Laying fireplaces is a very important technological process, because mistakes in the construction of a brick hearth are unacceptable, and the stove maker’s flaws cannot be corrected with “a little blood.”

Fireplace drawings and why orders are needed

Like any structure, a fireplace should be erected in accordance with a pre-thought-out and drawn-out project; this is done even experienced craftsmen, who have built more than one fireplace or stove. You will need a front view, a side view, a section and a serial laying of the fireplace.

Ordering is a sequential set of plans for each row of bricks, from the first to the top. Laying a fireplace with your own hands, the order of which includes an image of all the elements of the row (whole bricks and halves, embedded steel parts), will go quickly and accurately.

Detailed drawings different types and fireplace models can be found in special manuals and on the Internet, but if none of ready-made options does not suit the configuration or design, the fireplace laying scheme can be developed independently, taking into account technical features fireplace devices. Useful articles on this topic can be found on our resource. It is not necessary to carefully draw the orders on whatman paper; it is easier to sketch them out on paper in a box, one 12x25 cm brick - two boxes.

As an example, let's take a compact corner fireplace for a summer house. The layout of a corner fireplace is quite simple: the firebox is two bricks wide without a blower, the firewood must be placed on the grate. The opening from the facade is covered with an arched lintel, the tooth shelf is located a row higher. The sequential masonry of the corner fireplace consists of 18 plans, of which the top three rows are the lower part of the chimney.

Facade and section of a corner fireplace

On the row plan, the reduced (chipped approximately 3/4) bricks are crossed out with a diagonal line, the halves are crosswise. The first row is laid out with bricks on edge

The orderly layout of the fireplace will allow you to calculate required amount material and prepare it in advance.

Brick for laying a fireplace

Solid ceramic brick - traditional material for stoves, subject to good firing, the fireplace can be made entirely of it. Depending on the production technology, one of the brick spoons may be burned more than the other.

The side of the brick that has more smooth surface And dark color, oriented towards the fire.

For greater reliability and if the quality of the ceramics leaves much to be desired, it is better to use fireclay refractory bricks for the hearth, walls and top of the firebox; it will withstand high temperatures without any problems.

Please note: ceramic and fireclay bricks have different coefficients of thermal expansion and, in order to avoid cracks in the masonry, they cannot be tied together.

If a brick is cut by hand, all elements, including halves, are counted as whole. Brick can also be sawed using an angle grinder or cutting machine paving slabs a cutting disc suitable for working with ceramics, in this case the cut will be perfect and there will be no waste.

Fireplace mortar

It is easier to purchase clay-sand mortar for laying a fireplace ready for use; the mixtures are packaged in 20-25 kg craft bags, their composition is balanced, you just need to mix it with water. It should be taken into account that oven mixtures have different heat resistance. Often, a fireplace is heated with greater intensity than a stove, so its firebox should be built on a heat-resistant composition.

On the left is a heat-resistant mixture with the addition of fireclay, on which you can lay out the entire fireplace or, in order to save money, only its firebox. On the right is a stove composition suitable for laying the fireplace body outside the firebox and chimney within the attic

You can prepare masonry clay-sand mortar yourself. For this, fatty clay and washed, without impurities, sifted sand with a particle size of 0.2-1.5 mm are used.

Choosing the optimal composition of the mortar for laying a fireplace is not so easy; if there is an excess of clay, it will be susceptible to cracking and too fluid; if there is too little, it will be fragile and low-plasticity. The clay is chosen as clean as possible, with a minimum sand content, and kept long time open air.

The ideal option is blue clay, but red clay is also suitable. Before preparing the solution, it is soaked for several days and, if necessary, filtered through a sieve, removing stones.

The proportion in which clay and sand are mixed, depending on the fat content of the former, ranges from 1:1 to 1:3; the exact ratio of the components must be determined locally, guided by traditional control methods.

One of the control methods: a layer of mortar no more than 5 cm thick is placed on the brick, another brick must be placed on top and pressed. After two minutes, lift the top brick, if the bottom one holds, the mortar is normal.

It must be borne in mind that an excess of clay is less dangerous than its deficiency.

Another method to obtain high-quality clay-sand mortar is to purchase at the factory where the fired brick was purchased the required amount of raw materials for its production or raw brick. Not all, but many enterprises sell such “semi-finished products”. It is easy to soak the raw material; the similarity of the compositions of the brick and mortar will ensure the strength of the masonry.

What tools will you need?

• Measuring tools: tape measure, folding meter, building level, plumb line, cord, square, pencil.
• A mason's trowel (trowel), the sharp end is rounded.
• Bushhammer.
• The jointing and shape depends on the seam profile that needs to be obtained.
• “Grinder” (angle grinder), if you plan to cut bricks rather than chop them. A diamond cutting wheel must be installed on it G, designed for working with ceramics.
• Abrasive, wheel or block, for sanding masonry and cut bricks.
• Tools for preparing the solution. For the finished mixture: a bucket and a drill with a mixer attachment, with self-production made of sand and clay - troughs, buckets, sieves, shovels.
• A container of water for soaking bricks.

Basic mason tools

Pay attention to the order, this is a flat beam with cuts for the cord, located in multiples of the rows of brick. Not all stove makers use the order, but by fiddling around with its installation first, you can save time during the laying process. You need to have at least two orders, or better yet, according to the number of outer corners.

Technology of masonry work during the construction of a brick fireplace

• The concrete surface should be waterproofed with an inexpensive coating cement-polymer mixture (for example, CeresitCR 65), coating it twice with a brush or spatula.
• If the fireplace is adjacent to a wall made of combustible material, fire protection must be installed.

An inexpensive and effective option for fireproofing a fireplace and a wooden wall is a slab of basalt wool (at least 5 cm thick), covered on the fireplace side with reflective foil

• Preparation of clay-sand mortar. When making your own, the clay should be soaked in advance. Water is added to the finished mixture before starting work in accordance with the instructions.
• The brick should be soaked - lower it into a trough of water for a few minutes. If this is not done, the masonry mortar may dry out too quickly and not gain the necessary strength. In addition, the wet brick can be moved if necessary, which is important when a fireplace is laid by a not very experienced craftsman.
• Lay out the first row, it should be as even as possible, the horizontal level should be carefully controlled. If you missed a little with the foundation, the first row can be laid out on cement-sand mortar, this makes it easier to correct foundation flaws.
• Next, the fireplace masonry is carried out in strict accordance with the serial plans. We recommend laying each subsequent row dry first, and only then applying the solution. If the fireplace is large, pull the cord, when small sizes It is enough to control the structure with a level and a square.

If there is more than one brick in a row that needs to be split or sawn, we recommend that during dry laying you number all the elements, both solid and adjusted to size. The numbering should be duplicated on the serial plan

The vertical seams of the bricks should not be located one above the other; the need for bandaging should be taken into account when drawing up the drawings.

Laying begins with corner elements, strictly monitoring compliance with the horizontal level between them

Excess mortar is removed with a trowel, the seams are unstitched, and contaminated bricks are wiped with a wet rag.

The shape of the joint determines the profile of the seam, concave, convex or rectangular

Another way to make a neat seam is to lay the bricks along the guides

Take a closer look at the photo: it is inserted into the seam from the outside metallic profile square section, after a few minutes it is removed.

You should not place more than 8-10 rows in height in one shift.

Stages of constructing a fireplace

Pay attention to how the arched lintel above the firebox is assembled - according to a pre-installed wooden template.

Chimney construction technology

The chimney is laid on the same clay-sand mortar, only the area above the roof is on cement. To improve traction, the inner surface is carefully rubbed and leveled. Don't forget to install a damper. Where the chimney passes through wooden floor they make a thickening, it is called “fluff”.

In order to protect the roof from the penetration of precipitation, a thickening, “otter”, is also made above the roof. Underneath it, an apron (collar) is installed from galvanized sheet steel or waterproofing roofing tape (for example, onduflash), covering the gap between the brickwork and the roofing.

The choice of material for the apron under the otter depends on the type roofing. You can use galvanized steel, regular or polymer-coated, or flexible metallized tapes, since there are a lot of them on sale now

Otter order

When installing a chimney, it is important to observe fire safety measures, especially regarding its passage through the wooden floor and roof.

General rules fire safety, mandatory for the construction of stoves and fireplaces.

In conclusion, we will say that building a fireplace is a complex undertaking that requires preliminary preparation, the necessary technical knowledge, accuracy and perseverance. It is not easy for a beginner to cope with this work, to ensure proper quality and fire safety of the structure. If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to entrust the construction of a brick fireplace to an experienced specialist.

A brick fireplace is not only a device for the room, but also a beautiful element of the interior, which some craftsmen, to the envy of others, build with their own hands. Despite the apparent complexity of the device, even a beginner can make it on his own, knowing all the nuances and features and at the same time strictly following the instructions.

What does the fireplace consist of?

Since a fireplace is a dangerous unit, the improper installation of which can cause significant harm to the health of all household members, its construction must be taken with the utmost seriousness and responsibility. Many of those who decide to make a device with their own hands pay all attention to the appearance of the structure, but it would be more correct to competently approach the construction of the fireplace from the inside.

One of the main components of the device is the firebox. Despite its apparent external simplicity, its construction must be carefully thought out and carried out with millimeter precision. To do this, you need to know what parts the firebox consists of and how it is used.

Base

As a rule, it is made of stone or brick, and if the structure is steel, its base is made of cast iron. This is done so that it does not deform under the influence of heavy loads and high temperatures.

Walls

The walls of the firebox are also made of steel or brick, and in some open models they may be completely absent. The choice of material will depend only on the preferences of the owner of the building.

If a decision is made to build a brick firebox, during its manufacture back wall tilts, and the side expands. This scheme allows the structure to transfer heat to the room as much as possible.

Smoke collector

The purpose of this part of the fireplace is to remove carbon monoxide and smoke outside. The smoke collector can be made as part of the firebox, but can also be built as separate element designs.

Grate and ash pan

The grate is designed to provide oxygen supply to the firewood and remove combustion products into a special niche called the ash pan.

For reference! The grate is made of a special ceramic composition or cast iron, as it must withstand high temperatures, which can reach 1000 degrees.

In classic models, the ash pan is located under the grate and is closed with a special damper to regulate draft. However, there are also models of this part of the firebox that are made in the form of a retractable box, which can be easily removed and cleaned of accumulated ash.

Gate valve

This element is installed in order to block the chimney if necessary. Thanks to it, the fuel in the fireplace slowly smolders and does not flare up, while heat continues to be released, and there is no need to frequently add firewood.

Preparing to build a brick fireplace

To build a fireplace with your own hands, preparation should begin with project development and purchase building materials.

The chosen location of the future structure plays an important role in the preparation of construction. Best options For this purpose, the fireplace locations along the load-bearing walls, front or interior, as well as the angle between them are considered. When installing a fireplace, you should not choose a distance between window openings and opposite the door, since with this location the room will not warm up enough.

Calculation of the dimensions of the structure

It is necessary to decide on the dimensions of the fireplace. It is important to take into account the ratio of the sizes of its main parts to the area of ​​the building that needs to be heated, as well as other data:

• combustion hole – 1:50;
• width and height – 2:3;
• portal depth – 70% of height;
• the size of the chimney is 10–15 times smaller than the dimensions of the portal;
• a podium up to 0.5 m wide is installed in front of the combustion hole;
• The width of the side podiums on both sides is up to 0.3 m.

Compliance with all of the above indicators is of great importance during the construction of a heating structure, but Special attention should be given to the depth of the combustion hole. If it is made too large, then the heat transfer will be minimal, but if it is the opposite, smoke will begin to penetrate into the room.

Drafting

After calculating the dimensions of the fireplace, they begin to design it and draw up a drawing, which will indicate the exact dimensions of the future structure. In addition, it separately reflects schematic illustration laying bricks in rows, known as ordering. It details the names of all elements in the masonry and each row is assigned its own number.

Attention! Depending on the dimensions and design of the future structure, the orders differ significantly from each other.

What materials are needed for the job?

To the choice of building materials for self-construction The design of the fireplace should be approached thoroughly, because the service life and functionality of the structure will depend on their quality characteristics.

In order to install a good home version of the heating unit, you can use red solid brick as the main material. It must meet the following criteria:

• have a rich, bright color;
• the surface of the brick must be flat and smooth on all sides;
• there should be no chips or cracks at the corners of the product;
• when fractured, a homogeneous structure should be observed.

All of the above requirements are necessary for the full use of the fireplace, therefore, before starting construction, you should carefully inspect each brick in order to identify defects on it.

In addition to bricks, other building materials will be required:

• cement, sand and crushed stone;
• boards;
• roofing felt;
• felt;
• special clay.

Depending on the type of fireplace, you will need to purchase ready-made elements structures, the main ones of which include the grate, protective screen and a smoke damper.

Step-by-step construction of a brick fireplace

Once the drawing has been drawn up and the materials have been prepared, construction of the fireplace can begin.

Laying the foundation

It is better to lay the foundation for the fireplace during the construction of the base of the main building.

For reference! If its installation will take place in a finished house, it is necessary to dismantle the floor at the future location of the structure.

The standard foundation laying scheme usually looks like this:

1. A pit is dug, the depth of which must be at least 0.5 m. Its bottom is filled with crushed stone and compacted to form a flat surface.
2. Formwork is constructed from boards and installed in the pit.
3. The formwork is covered with a layer of waterproofing material and filled with crushed stone.
4. The entire perimeter of the pit is filled with cement mortar so that at least 6 cm remains to the floor level. After which the surface is leveled and covered with film until the concrete mixture has completely hardened.

The hardening process for cement mortar usually takes several weeks. During this period, it is necessary to moisten it a little with water to prevent cracks from appearing on it.

Masonry brick structure

For further construction of the fireplace, you will need to first purchase a ready-made clay solution or make it yourself.

To make it yourself, you will need to soak the clay for 2-3 days, then pass it through a metal sieve. Add water and sand to the resulting slurry, where the ratio of the parts should be equal to 8:1:8. The finished solution, when proportioned correctly, has a consistency similar to sour cream and does not stick to your hands.

Before starting laying, you should lay a couple of layers of roofing felt on the dried foundation for waterproofing. The zero row, as a rule, is laid out as a solid line on cement mortar, and all further ones - according to the developed ordering scheme, connecting with each other with a clay mixture.

To make the masonry more stable and reliable, each brick must be placed in water for approximately one minute before use. This procedure will release accumulated air from it and prevent it from absorbing moisture from the clay mixture during installation.

Construction of a chimney

Laying a chimney is one of the important steps when creating a fireplace with your own hands. The draft and the possible entry of combustion products in the form of gas into the room will depend on its quality.

You can build part of the chimney inside the building using a clay mixture, and it is better to do further masonry using cement. All internal walls should be wiped with a rag previously soaked in a clay solution. This will get rid of any cracks that have appeared and level the surface.

To protect the structure from too high temperatures in the overlap area, it is necessary to lay out fluff, which is covered with felt, lubricated with a clay solution.

Attention! To prevent precipitation from entering the chimney, an inlet known as an “otter” is installed above it.

The fireplace today is more of a design element in the interior. However, a properly built fireplace will help to warm the room equally effectively and create a warm, cozy atmosphere with the participation of live fire. In this article, we will consider in detail the process of creating a brick fireplace with your own hands, with all the nuances and useful tips.

Features of fireplace heating

Fireplace in modern house cannot act as the main source of heat, but does an excellent job of drying the room, and also provides additional ventilation, and all year round. It can be used as a heating device for one- or two-room country houses.

The main part of the heat from the fireplace enters the room with infrared radiation from an open fire, as well as by convection from the walls of the firebox. The dimensions of the fireplace are selected not only based on aesthetic considerations, but also on the size of the room in which it is installed and must effectively heat.

The ratio of the firebox opening area to the area of ​​the room is 1:70; 1:80. If the volume of the room is less than 60 m 3, then the area of ​​the firebox opening is taken to be less than 0.3 m 2, with a volume of 60 to 100 m 3 - less than 0.5 m 2.

To increase the flow of heat into the room, attention is paid to the quality of finishing internal surfaces firebox Sometimes its walls are lined with steel or bronze sheets. The traction that provides good combustion fuel, also depends on the ratio of the dimensions of the firebox. Optimal ratio:

• 1(depth):0.6(height);
• 1(height):0.7(width);
• 2(width):1(depth) or 3(width):2(depth).

Choosing a location for the fireplace in the room

When choosing a position for placing a fireplace, you should first of all be guided by fire safety rules, as well as predict the air flows that will arise during its operation. If you make a mistake, the first problem will be the occurrence of reverse draft, when, due to drafts, smoke will not flow into the chimney, but rather into the house.

Fireplaces should not be placed in rooms without opening windows (transoms, vents), where the ceiling height is less than 2.2 m. When choosing a fireplace location, it is important to take into account the location of the elements of the roof truss structure, as well as the option of a beam ceiling - the chimney pipe should rise freely, not touching the main structural elements. Between the walls of the chimney and supporting structures There must be a gap left for the construction of a fire protection belt made of non-combustible materials and insulation.

The foundation for the fireplace is monolithic concrete

A fireplace, like a classic wood-burning stove, will require a strong and reliable foundation. The foundation under the fireplace must be buried to the same level as the foundation of the house, and also have a thermal decoupling with it.

It is not difficult to make the concrete mixture for the foundation yourself. You can use the following composition of ingredients by volume to obtain concrete M200 (B15):

• cement M400 - 1 part;
• gravel or crushed stone up to 30 mm in size - 4 parts;
• sand - 2 parts.

• cement M400 - 300 kg;
• sand - 495 kg;
• crushed stone - 1035 kg;
• water - 185 l.

The volumetric weight for this composition is accepted:

• concrete mixture - 2350 kg/m 3;
• cement - 1200 kg/m 3;
• sand 1800 kg/m 3;
• gravel - 1400 kg/m 3.

It is very important to prevent materials from getting into the concrete for the fireplace foundation that could weaken it. These include particles of organic origin, clay and dust particles of clay, mica. In sand, impurities should be less than 10%, in coarse aggregate - less than 2%.

Tools

1. Concrete mixer. 2. Vibrator for concrete. 3. Ironer. 4. Mop-ironer. 5. Container for solution. 6. Trowel. 7. Rectangular ironing board

1. Chisel. 2. Brush. 3. Plumb. 4. Bubble level. 5. Roulette. 6. Trowel. 7. Twine. 8. Rubber hammer. 9. Furnace hammer. 10. Corner

The chimney valve required is 240x130 mm in size.

Sequence of concreting

The depth of the foundation for the fireplace is determined based on the following data:

• whether the building is heated in winter or not;
• properties of the soil under the foundation;
• level groundwater;
• the presence of a basement at the site where the foundation is installed;
• the depth of the base of the foundation under the walls of the building to which the fireplace is adjacent.

In unheated buildings during periods with negative external temperatures, the level of the base of the foundation for the fireplace should be at the level of the base of the foundation of the external walls to which the fireplace is adjacent. In heated buildings, the level of the base of the foundation for the fireplace may be higher, but at least 0.50 m below the ground level.

1. Wall foundation. 2. Fireplace foundation. 3. Sand. 4. Fireplace. 5. Wall. 6. Finish floor

It is advisable to lay the foundation for the fireplace together with the foundation for the walls to which it adjoins, so as not to weaken their load-bearing capacity. The groove between them is filled with compacted sand. A cushion of compacted gravel of at least 15-20 cm is placed under the base of the foundation.

The size of the foundation is taken to be 10 cm larger than the size of the fireplace along the base. Concreting can be carried out without formwork in the case of dense, non-crumbling soils. If formwork is still needed, then the size of the pit is made 0.1-0.15 m larger than the size of the formwork.

To ensure the required strength of concrete, it is better to fill it in one go. The concrete mixture is laid in layers with mandatory compaction to remove remaining air bubbles.

The top edge of the foundation should be located 15 cm below the level of the finished floor in the room. The foundation under the first row of the stove is waterproofed with 2 layers of roofing felt.

The fireplace will require four more concrete blocks to cover the firebox. They should be reinforced with a rod with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For formwork it is better to use moisture-resistant plywood or steel sheets.

The sizes of the blocks are based on the order shown below, with the understanding that they will not protrude beyond the structure, but they can be adjusted to create distinctive shelves along the top of the fireplace.

The length (L) of the beams is determined according to the order and is specified locally. Height (H) corresponds to the height of the brick, width (B) corresponds to the width of the brick. The reinforcement (AIII Ø 12) consists of 3 rods laid from below, taking into account the protective layer. The reinforcement requires a protective layer of concrete of 20 mm (from below, from the ends).

Fireplace

The furnace will require 370 pieces of refractory fireclay bricks GOST 390-96.

The quality of the brick must meet the following requirements:

• correct geometric shape;
• absence of foreign particles;
• required strength;
• fire resistance;
• clear sound when tapped.

Kiln clay is most often used red without foreign impurities.

Sand for the solution is used, sifted through a sieve with holes of 1-1.5 mm. There shouldn't be any leftovers in it. plant origin, foreign impurities, especially flammable ones.

Only purified drinking water should be used. Process water, sea water or directly from a well, will significantly reduce the strength of the solution; over time, various salt deposits will appear on the surface of the masonry.

Today, the building materials industry offers ready-made fire-resistant dry mixtures for furnace work. With your own hands you can prepare a clay-sand solution of the following composition:

1. Oily clay (sand content 2-4%) - 1 part, sand - 2.5 parts.
2. Medium clay (sand content 15%) - 1 part, sand - 1.5 parts.
3. Lean clay (sand content 30%) - 1 part, sand - 1 part.

Sand and water are added in portions to the clay soaked for a day. The mixture is thoroughly mixed. Before starting masonry, add the last portion of water.

Designation section A-A cm - order 26, cut B-B - order 27, cut B-B - order 28. The thickness of the seams is allowed less than 5 mm. The masonry joints are completely filled with mortar.

If necessary, L-shaped pins are installed for the fireplace grate in the fourth row, and a fireplace grate is installed in the fifth row.

Reinforced concrete beams can be made slightly larger more sizes the main body of the fireplace as a design solution.

A valve is installed in the twenty-eighth row. Traction regulation occurs with its help. During the heating process, the valve must be open, then it is closed, trapping gases in the gas collector and in the space of the mantelpiece.

Pipe

Fluff and otter are necessary for thermal decoupling of the main chimney channel, through which hot gases rise from the combustible materials of the building structure. The cutting size should exceed the thickness of the ceiling by 7 cm.

1. Rows for the main part of the pipe. 2. Fluff. 3. Otter

The solution for the outer part of the pipe is cement-sand. A metal cap is mounted on top of the pipe to protect against precipitation.

You can look at the fire endlessly. It relaxes, burns away our troubles, and fills the room with energy. All this will make a simple fireplace in our home possible.