A bathhouse is a room specially equipped for washing a person, in which the main factors affecting the body are not only water, but also hot air and steam. Today everyone without exception knows about the benefits of the bath and its healing effect. There are several types of baths
Russian steam room
Finnish sauna
Turkish hammam, etc.
The most widespread in our country are the Russian steam bath and the Finnish sauna, the simplicity of their design makes it possible to build them in private homes and on summer cottages.
Baths can be located in the premises of the main house, but more often separate buildings are made for them, consisting of a steam room, a wash room or shower room and a dressing room. Depending on the area of the bathhouse (with its minimum size), the washing compartment can be combined with the steam room, and the dressing room may be absent altogether.
Another option is possible, in which a small pool with cold water, a font is installed, a shower device is mounted, etc.
Requirements for the heating system in the bathhouse
The heating system in the bathhouse must meet the needs for heat, hot water and steam, without which neither a Russian steam room, nor a sauna, nor a Turkish hammam is unthinkable. At the same time, heating in the bathhouse must be efficient, safe and economical, and the need for thermal energy arises periodically, only during the visit to the bathhouse.
In addition, the heat in the bath is not ordinary, but high-temperature. So, for example, in the steam room of a Finnish bath it is customary to maintain a temperature of at least 80C, and in a Russian steam room it is even higher: 100 degrees Celsius or more.
A conventional heating boiler with a radiator system will not cope with this task. It can only be used to heat the dressing room and organize hot water supply. A special sauna stove must be installed in the steam room.
Types of sauna stoves and their features
Wood-burning stoves are most often used to heat baths. They allow you to admire the view of an open flame, enjoy the crackling of logs, while feeling the aroma of real wood smoke. An alternative wood stove is a gas stove, which has basically the same design, but is designed to burn gas rather than wood.
For those who love comfort, special electric sauna stoves are produced.
It should be noted that the modern market of bath equipment is simply amazing with the variety of stoves, among which the leaders are Finnish-made stoves Harvia, Helo and Kastor. Russian stoves are represented by the trademarks Termofor, Izhkomtsentr VVTs, Greyvari and many others.
However, choosing a good sauna stove is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. A traditional sauna stove should quickly heat the steam room and ensure steam generation in it. Essentially functions sauna stove can be divided into 2 components: steam generation and room heating.
Vaporization
In most cases, steam in a bathhouse is obtained in a simple way: splash a ladle of water onto the surface of a hot oven. It is clear that such sudden temperature changes, combined with the humid bath environment, have an unfavorable effect on the surface of the oven and destroy it.
Therefore, to generate steam in the bath, natural stones are used, which are heated on the surface of the stove, placing them in a special compartment called a heater. Hence the name of the sauna stove “heater”.
Pieces of hard and durable rock, usually of volcanic origin, which does not contain impurities hazardous to human health, are used as bath stones. Preference is given to jadeite, crimson quartzite and jade, which are resistant to temperature changes and have high heat capacity, and (according to experienced steamers), they make the steam especially high-quality and healing.
Pieces of rock placed in a stove heater accumulate thermal energy, the supply of which ensures effective steam generation. Hot stones prevent water from entering the furnace body, thereby protecting it from corrosion.
For more efficient and, most importantly, constant steam generation, some manufacturers (for example, Russian company Termofor) included in the design of their furnaces elements that represent simple models steam generators.
Heating the steam room
As already mentioned, the temperature in the steam room must be maintained at a level close to 100 C. For this, furnaces with enhanced heat transfer are used, transferring heat to environment convection and radiation. However, too much (burning) heat radiation is not welcome in the bathhouse. It does not contribute to comfort, although it provides the much-desired heat in the steam room.
The problem is solved simply: the casing of a “correct” sauna stove is made in the form of a convector, which provides heating for the rising air flows. This causes cooling outer surface casing, which makes the heat radiation of the stove softer and more comfortable.
As a result, a relatively small modern sauna stove will quickly heat the steam room and provide required amount pair.
Convector stoves are often lined with natural stone. This is beautiful, and also helps to increase the thermal inertia of the device.
The steam room was heated. What to do with the dressing room?
To heat the dressing room, you can use a separate stove, or you can install a stove with an extended fuel channel in the bathhouse, designed to heat two adjacent rooms. In such a device, the body (the stove mass) is located in the steam room, and the firebox is placed in the dressing room. As a rule, the heat entering through the combustion window is quite enough to heat it.
For those who would like to enjoy the sight of an open flame, they make stoves with an enlarged combustion window, the so-called “fireplace stoves”. The oven door is made translucent.
If the steam room is heated by an electric stove, a dressing room is used to heat the electric heaters. Infrared devices mounted on the ceiling, as well as heated floors, are especially good for these purposes.
Stoves with an extended fuel channel are considered more convenient and safe. Their use takes the process of laying firewood outside the steam room. For those who would like to see the flame of the stove both in the dressing room and in the steam room, Kastor has developed a special model with translucent back wall Incendo 20.
Problems with hot water supply in the bathhouse
To heat water in the bathhouse, stoves with heat exchangers are used, as well as stoves with built-in tanks for heating water. The tank can be purchased separately and installed, for example, on a chimney.
Furnaces with heat exchangers are more convenient and efficient. They operate in the same way as a regular water heater. To ensure a supply of hot water, you need to install storage tank.
Choosing a sauna stove
Stoves for baths and saunas can have different powers from 2 kW to 40 kW or more. They are selected depending on the area of the steam room and the tasks that are planned to be solved with their help. It is taken into account that a stove with a heat exchanger must have more power than a conventional heating unit to provide heat to the steam room, because part of the energy it generates will be used to heat the water.
Video instructions - how to choose bath heating in the example
aquagroup.ru
Do-it-yourself sauna heating | Construction portal
The first association that each of us has when hearing the word “bath” is warmth. This is where you can truly warm up in severe frosts and relieve fatigue from overworked muscles. Regardless of the size, design and decoration of the bathhouse, its heart is the stove-heater. It is this that provides the heat in the steam room and a comfortable temperature in the rest of the rooms. In order to organize the heating of a bathhouse with your own hands, you first need to decide on the choice of stove, and then study the technology of its installation and maintenance. Proper thermal insulation of the room is also of great importance. Whatever the stove, it is important that the heat does not escape through the walls and ceiling.
Choosing a stove for a bath
When choosing a stove for a sauna, you need to take into account a number of criteria. Let's look at each of them separately.
Operating principle
There are continuous and intermittent stoves for heating baths (you will find drawings of some models below). In devices of the first type, it is necessary to maintain fuel combustion throughout the entire period of use of the steam room. The second ones need to be heated in advance.
Furnace material
There are a lot of materials for constructing a heater, but only two of them are the most common - brick and steel.
Most often, brick ovens are built intermittently, although there are also models that involve constant combustion. Their advantages include long-term maintenance high temperature in room. But such an oven also takes a long time to warm up – more than 5 hours. So if you want to steam to your heart’s content in the evening, you need to start heating it in the afternoon. But then you can relax and have fun - the heating system of the bathhouse will no longer require your attention.
The only disadvantage of such a stove is its high cost. To install it, you will need the services of an experienced stove maker, and they are not cheap. The price will also be affected by the need to lay a sufficiently powerful foundation, which is due to the large weight of the brick heater.
Metal sauna stoves most often operate on the principle of continuous operation.
The fact is that the walls of such a device are quite thin, which means they cool quickly. Therefore, to ensure proper heating in the bathhouse, the combustion process must be maintained all the time. However, a bathhouse with a metal stove warms up much faster than with a brick one - about 2 hours in the cold season. This heater is perfect for small baths with a light foundation.
Type of fuel
Another important criterion is the choice of fuel type. Many people believe that heating a bathhouse should only be done with wood. There is, of course, some truth in this. The combustion of wood provides a unique aroma and special warmth. But, you must admit, storing firewood for heating a bathhouse is quite troublesome. It’s much easier to just press a button or open the gas supply valve.
Today you can find heaters on sale using all types of fuel: gas, electric, wood and even liquid fuel. Multi-fuel models are also available. In addition, if you have some experience and a great desire, you can make such a stove yourself.
Of course, you need to start from what is more accessible and cheaper. So:
- firewood - traditional, but troublesome;
- electricity is convenient and widely available, but expensive;
- liquid fuel is flammable, inconvenient and quite expensive;
- gas is relatively cheap, convenient, but, unfortunately, not always available.
How to make heating in a bathhouse
As a rule, the only source of heat in the sauna is the heater. The exception is the large bath complexes, which include not only a steam room and dressing room, but also a relaxation room, a billiards room and a large swimming pool. In such rooms, the heating system is not much different from the usual indoor one, and the heater (usually electric) only heats the steam room.
If we talk about a classic bathhouse, then the stove in it must be installed so that it warms all the rooms to the required temperature, and the water tank is located closer to the washing room.
A “through” arrangement of the furnace can be considered ideal. In this case, it is installed so that the firebox door is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the water tank is in the wash room. A metal stove with a side heater is best suited for this installation. It looks something like this:
A – hot water outlet;
B – cold water inlet;
B – connection point with the chimney;
G – firebox;
D – blower;
E – heater.
And it is located in the room like this:
a – cold water inlet;
b – hot water outlet;
c – firebox;
d – heater.
In this case, all combustible wall elements must be protected with fireproof material.
It should be noted that a stove of this design can be built from brick, but it will take up much more space.
One more is enough practical option– a stove with a remote tank and an open heater. Its design provides for installation in the firebox of a register for heating water. This scheme for heating the bathhouse and heating the water for washing allows you to avoid premature boiling of the liquid in the tank and the appearance of damp steam in a still unheated room.
It should be noted that the lower edge of the tank must be located at least half a meter above the register level.
Whatever stove design you choose, you must strictly follow the rules for its installation.
Rules for installing a metal stove
- The base for the stove must be non-flammable. It can be made from fireclay bricks, sheet metal or concrete. For beauty, such a base can be covered with tiles.
- The firebox door should be directed towards the opposite corner.
- The floor in front of the firebox should not be flammable. If the base is made of wood, it is necessary to cover it with a sheet of metal at least 60 cm wide.
- It is better to line a metal stove with brick. This will not only protect you from burns on a hot surface, but will also serve as decoration.
It can be a good helper for someone who independently organizes the heating of a bathhouse - instructions for the heater. It usually indicates the required distance from the stove to the wall and describes the method of organizing the chimney.
Rules for installing a brick kiln
Considering the fairly large weight of the brick kiln, it is important to provide it solid foundation– reinforced concrete foundation.
An experienced stove maker can best handle the construction of such a heater, but if you have some skills in this matter and decide to tackle it yourself, take into account the following recommendations:
Some features of gas bath heating
Considering the possibility of leakage and explosiveness of gas, special requirements are imposed on stoves using this type of fuel:
- The stove must be equipped with an automatic device that will stop the gas supply if the flame goes out.
- To supply natural gas, you can use a common pipeline, but for butane and propane you need to arrange an individual one.
- The same rules apply for gas heating of baths. against fire safety, as for metal stoves using other types of fuel.
Chimney organization
Bathhouses have not been heated “in black” for a long time, which means that the installation of a heater requires proper organization removal of combustion products. To install the chimney you will need the following elements:
- ceiling-passage unit;
- “flash” - passage through the roof;
- "umbrella";
- sandwich pipe.
The sandwich pipe is connected to the outlet of the furnace, and in the place where it passes through the ceiling a ceiling-passage assembly is installed.
Important! Despite the fact that the sandwich pipe design provides a layer of heat-insulating material, it may not be enough to prevent fire ceiling covering. Organizing gas heating in the bathhouse, you shouldn’t skimp on additional protection the place where the chimney exits to the street. This can lead to irreparable consequences.
The outer edge of the pipe must be covered with an “umbrella” that will protect it from rain and snow.
All stages of installing the heater and installing the chimney are shown in the video:
That's all the basic rules. Remember, no matter what type of heating devices you choose, the main thing is to ensure the safety of their use.
strport.ru
Heating in the bathhouse
There are special requirements for heating in a bathhouse. This is due to the fact that the steam room needs to be at a high temperature (more than 100°C). An ordinary heating boiler cannot cope with such a task (it is simply not designed for this); for this you need a sauna stove, which is initially designed to produce high-temperature heat. Well, if necessary, the boiler can serve as an additional source of energy for heating utility rooms and hot water supply.
Wooden sauna on two floors.
Before talking about heating options in a bathhouse, you should decide on the following questions:
- Where will the bathhouse be located, namely: in the house in the form of a separate room, next to the house or at a considerable distance from it in the form of a separate structure;
- Type of bath: Russian, Finnish, Turkish, etc.;
- Size and layout of areas (steam room, locker room, relaxation room, shower, etc.);
- Frequency of use (year-round or seasonal);
- Priorities (what comes first: level of comfort or financial indicators).
Infrastructure aspects, such as the availability of a stable power supply, gas communications, and fuel resources, are of no small importance. It often happens that the type of heating becomes obvious immediately after the final decision is made, taking into account all the above factors. But it still happens more often that you have to choose from several alternatives, which are outlined below.
Brick oven
A good option for heating a bath with a spacious steam room, allowing you to solve several problems at once: get high-quality (soft) steam, hot water and heat adjacent rooms small area. Such a stove does not heat up quickly, but retains heat for a long time after the end of the fire. The stove can be heated with wood or coal (classic method), or with electricity or gas (mainline or bottled).
Brick stove for a bathhouse with water heating.
Since the main purpose of the stove is to generate steam, it is naturally placed in a steam room. However, a prudent owner will definitely take care of its maximum use and ease of use. For example, the location of the firebox opening in the dressing room, and the water tank in washing room(if any) makes it possible to warm up (main or additional) utility rooms.
Unfortunately, a brick oven is not a cheap pleasure. Firstly, you need a solid foundation, secondly, a special refractory brick, and thirdly, a qualified craftsman (stove maker). In total, these costs will amount to a decent amount.
Stove-heater
The oven got its name because steam generation occurs by splashing water onto hot natural stones placed in a specially designated compartment. Furnaces of this type are distinguished by great diversity in design, material used, and type of fuel.
Heating of the bath from the stove in the steam room.
In terms of layout, the stove-heater can be open or closed type. In the first case, the container for storing stones has open access, in the second it is closed with a lid. An open heater quickly warms up the steam room and produces dry steam at a high temperature (more than 100°C). A closed heater spends more time and fuel heating the room, and the steam is more humid and less hot. But such a stove cools down much more slowly, retaining heat for a long time. From the above it follows that an open heater is better suited for a sauna, and a closed one is better suited for a Russian bath.
As for the material, the choice here is limited to either brick or heat-resistant steel. A steel stove will be cheaper and easier to operate, but it will also cool faster. To equalize the pros and cons of both options, they often resort to a combined design, which contains both brickwork, and metal elements. In particular, you can enclose a brick heater in metal carcass, you can install a metal firebox or, conversely, line the firebox of a steel stove with brick from the inside.
Modern heater stoves are produced for almost any type of energy resource: wood, gas, electricity. The main thing is that they maximum efficiency provided heating of the stone material to a high temperature, which serves both to generate steam and to retain heat.
Special requirements are placed on the properties of stones: when heated, they should not emit substances harmful to human health and at the same time have a high calorific value. To such natural stones include jadeite, gabbro-diabase, basalt, white quartz, etc.
Ariston ABS PRO ECO 80V - hot water boiler for heating the relaxation room of a bathhouse.
Heating of additional rooms
The heat capacity of a sauna stove may not be enough to heat adjacent sauna rooms, such as a dressing room, a rest room, etc. For a sauna inside a house, this is not a problem: these areas are simply connected to the general heating system. If we are talking about a free-standing bathhouse, then this issue is usually solved by installing additional heating devices, such as radiators, convectors, infrared heaters, etc. small sizes adjacent rooms, it is advisable to use a convector chimney, which uses the heat of exhaust gases and does not require auxiliary energy sources.
Heating the rest room in the bathhouse.
For a free-standing bathhouse, in addition to installing auxiliary heaters, a promising option may be to supply heat from a house that already has a heating system. However, there are two things to consider here important points: Is the boiler’s power reserve sufficient to also provide heating in the bathhouse, and is it possible to extend the heating main from the house to the bathhouse. If the answer to both questions is positive, such a heating scheme deserves attention: it may turn out to be more economical than other options due to the absence of the need to purchase or construct additional energy sources. But it should be borne in mind that if the heating main is too long and, moreover, not well insulated, large heat losses will negate the savings obtained.
Video
otoplenie-guide.ru
Do-it-yourself high-quality sauna heating
- Some useful tips for installing a sauna stove
- Heating systems for permanent baths
- Water and infrared floor installation
The benefits of a bathhouse are well known, so a bathhouse in a house or on a property has become a common occurrence. When choosing heating for the dressing room and steam room, you should take into account the expected number of people wanting to take a steam bath and the possibility of using one or another type of fuel.
Water heating scheme.
Heater for heating and steam - an option for small baths
If the sauna room is small and is used only for its intended purpose, then a sauna stove will be enough for both a steam room and a dressing room. It is not difficult to make heating in such a bathhouse even with your own hands.
It is very important not to make a mistake when choosing a heater. A variety of ready-made bath heating devices allows you to choose exactly the device you need.
The power of the sauna stove is selected according to the area; for each m² there should be at least 1 kW, moreover, it is necessary to have a reserve of 50%, which will make it possible to use the sauna in severe frosts. If the room is designed to maintain positive temperatures, then there is no need for a reserve.
Sauna stoves can operate on different types fuel and, although it is traditionally believed that the bathhouse should be heated with wood, this is not always justified. Often, preparing firewood, especially if you do it yourself, takes a lot of effort and time. It is most convenient to use electricity, but this is the most expensive heating option. Natural gas is a minimum of labor costs and is relatively cheap, but it is not always possible to connect to the main line. Liquefied gas will cost more. Liquid fuel is expensive, inconvenient to use and dangerous. Having selected a stove based on power and type of fuel, or purchased a multi-fuel model, you can begin installing it yourself.
Heating system installation diagram.
Since a bathhouse usually has three rooms: a dressing room, a steam room and a wash room, then the best option When installing a stove with your own hands, there will be an option in which the firebox is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the container with heated water is in the wash room. Existing models with a side-mounted heater will provide just such a configuration heating elements ovens.
When building walls in a bathhouse, flammable materials (wood, insulation) are very often used, so when installing a sauna stove with your own hands, one should not forget about fire safety. Fireproof material is laid between the walls and the stove. The stove is installed on a steel sheet with non-flammable thermal insulation, and if it is heated with wood, then combustion door the same heat-insulated sheet is required. The pipe is discharged through a ceiling device made of sheet steel and having a hole of the appropriate diameter. The installation of the furnace is carried out before Finishing work.
A steel heater warms up the room very quickly, but requires constant burning, since it has practically no ability to accumulate heat. The heat from this type of heater is hard to create more comfortable conditions ventilation will be needed.
A sauna stove made of brick has a number of advantages. Thick brick walls accumulate heat, gradually releasing it to the room. The process of heating the bath takes a long time, but the heat lasts a long time and there is no need for continuous burning. Making a brick heater with your own hands is difficult even if you have some construction skills. It is better to entrust the masonry to a qualified stove builder, but you can make a foundation of reinforced concrete for the stove on your own.
The popularity of bath procedures is growing every year, and many owners of private houses want to set up a bathhouse right in their yard. A trip to your own steam room will provide a boost of energy, excellent mood and relaxation. The “heart” of any sauna is the stove. It determines how functional and comfortable the bathhouse will be. You can do high-quality heating in a bathhouse yourself.
To build a heater with your own hands, you need to choose the type of stove, find out how it is built and what maintenance it requires. In addition to heating, you should take care of reliable thermal insulation.
Criterias of choice
The main indicators that must be taken into account when choosing a stove are the following:
- mechanism of action;
- manufacturing materials;
- fuel.
Baths can be heated using permanent or temporary (periodic) stoves. The first ones need to be kept burning the entire time the steam room is in use. For the second, preliminary high-quality heating is enough.
The range of materials from which a heater can be made now includes a large number of traditional and new technological elements.
The best stoves are made of steel and brick.
Brick structures
The leaders in demand are heaters made of periodic bricks. Kamenki with continuous burning They are also used to provide heating for the bathhouse, but much less frequently.
Brick kilns of intermittent operation have both an advantage - they maintain a high temperature in the room for a long time, and a disadvantage - they need to be warmed up for at least 5 hours. In winter this takes even longer. Therefore, if bathing procedures are planned for the evening, then you need to start heating in the afternoon. After this, you can steam and not be distracted by other things, the heating will work without outside interference.
There is another disadvantage of such models - high cost. It is quite difficult to make such a heater yourself. To get a truly functional stove, you need an experienced stove maker. And his work is highly paid. Expensive heating structure can also be explained by the fact that it is necessary to lay a powerful foundation that will support a heavy brick heater.
Metal heat sources
Metal furnaces are characterized by the principle of constant operation. A stove with thin steel walls does not retain heat for long, which can be attributed to its disadvantages. And the advantage of a metal sauna stove is that it will take much less time to warm up the room.
In winter, this will take no more than 2 hours. It is better to organize heating using a steel heater in a small bathhouse. You can install the stove yourself.
Fuel selection
Theoretically, a bathhouse building can be heated with any energy source. Depending on the fuel, stoves can be of the following types:
- gas;
- electric;
- wood;
- liquid fuel;
- multi-fuel.
It is very important to choose the right fuel so that heating a bathhouse in winter is cost-effective and easy. There is an opinion that only firewood is best suited for these purposes. It's hard to argue with that.
During the combustion of timber, the room is filled with an indescribable aroma and special warmth. Such an atmosphere cannot be achieved if the bathhouse is heated with electricity.
If such an environmentally friendly fuel is chosen, then you need to think about how to heat the bathhouse in winter? Storing firewood is much more difficult than unscrewing a valve on a gas pipe.
The choice is made taking into account the availability and efficiency of fuel. Heating with wood is expensive. Using electricity is easy. This is a convenient and generally accessible, however, unprofitable method.
A liquid fuel stove is a high risk of fire, inconvenient to maintain and high material costs. You can use gas, with which heating in the bathhouse will be somewhat cheaper and more convenient. But not all private houses are connected to the central gas supply.
Heater location
Usually the bathhouse is heated using one heat source. For a house next to which a unique bath complex is built (with a dressing room, steam room, swimming pool, relaxation room, room for playing billiards), a generally accepted heating system is required.
If heating is designed for a classic bath, then the stove is positioned so that it can be used to warm up each room. A tank of water is allocated a place near the washing room.
The ideal is a “through” arrangement of the furnace. The firebox door can be opened while in the dressing room. The stove itself will be located in the steam room, and the water tank will be located in the wash room.
It is important that each of the combustible elements of the furnace structure is protected from fire-resistant material. To comply with this, you can build a heater from brick, but it will have large dimensions and take up a lot of space.
A practical option is to build a stove, the design of which includes a tank and an open heater. The firebox for heating water is equipped with a register, which will prevent premature boiling of water, during which the unheated bath is filled with damp steam. in this way requires compliance important nuance– the bottom edge of the tank should be 50 cm above the register.
Algorithm for constructing a metal furnace
The foundation for the stove should be made of non-combustible material. Fireclay brick, sheet metal or concrete are suitable. To make the base aesthetically pleasing, it can be covered tiles. The firebox door is directed to the opposite corner. The floors are made of fireproof material. If wood is used, it is covered metal sheet 60 cm wide.
To create a classic interior design in a bathhouse, a metal stove can be lined with brick. In addition to being beautiful, this move will prevent burns. To properly build a chimney and determine at what distance from the walls the heater should be placed, be sure to study the instructions.
The main problem that arises when installing a brick heater is the massiveness of the structure. This requires the construction of a reinforced concrete foundation. For those who do not have experience in building sauna stoves with their own hands, the following tips may be useful.
If you put a thick layer of mortar between the brick joints, then under the influence of high temperatures it will begin to collapse and the heater will become leaky. On the contrary, a thin layer of mortar between the brick joints will negatively affect the life of the structure.
Each vertical layer of masonry must be covered with a top brick. It is advisable to make the ceilings in half a brick.
There are other nuances. So, if cut bricks are used, then the whole side should be turned inside the furnace. To ensure uniform linear expansion, cast iron elements are installed with a gap. To secure the upper part of the stove door, it is better to use a metal clamp.
Gas is an explosive fuel. If you plan to use gas, then the stove must be equipped with an automatic system that will shut off the fuel supply in the event of no flame.
When the house is connected to a central gas main, natural gas can serve as fuel for the heater. If the heating is individual, propane or butane will do.
Gas heating in the bathhouse at any time of the year is carried out in accordance with the fire safety rules established for dangerous species fuel.
Construction of a smoke exhaust system
Combustion products must be removed correctly and promptly. Violation of chimney construction technology is fraught with huge troubles.
The chimney includes the following elements:
- ceiling-passage unit;
- passage through the roof;
- "umbrella".
The sandwich pipe is connected to the furnace outlet and led through the ceiling using a ceiling-passage assembly. The place where the chimney exits to the outside should be protected with heat-insulating material. An “umbrella” is installed on top of the pipe to protect it from precipitation.
The main rule for constructing a heating bath of any type is safety and reliability of the structure!
In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the main rooms of the bathhouse and ensure hot water supply, it is important to properly organize heating in the bathhouse from a heater located in the steam room, or use alternative sources. At the same time, each bathhouse owner can create an autonomous heating system independently, without involving outside help.
Need for additional heating
The classic option for heating a steam room for bathing procedures is a brick or metal heater. In this case, additional equipment is used to maintain a given air heating temperature both in the steam room and in other rooms.
It is impossible to ensure fast and uniform heating of the dressing room and rest room from a sauna stove.
And if in summer this does not cause problems, then in winter such a situation can lead to a decrease in comfort when organizing a bathing holiday. In this case, all the heat produced will be accumulated in the steam room, and other rooms of the bath will remain unheated.
Installation of additional heating equipment will ensure maintenance comfortable temperature, necessary for a long stay in the waiting room.
Heating by stove-stove
For small-sized baths The traditional heating option remains the current option. In this case, it is enough to purchase or manufacture a heating unit of the required power.
Calculation of equipment power is determined by the formula: 1 kW of power per 1 sq. m of premises. To ensure a comfortable stay for visitors in the steam room, a thermal power reserve of 35 to 55% is additionally taken into account.
The popularity of the heating heater is explained by the following advantages:
- ease of installation and maintenance;
- accessibility of operation;
- using available fuel.
When giving preference to a sauna stove, do not forget about some of the disadvantages of the device:
- impressive dimensions and weight;
- inability to automate the process of heating rooms;
- high fire hazard;
- formation of fuel combustion products.
Modern heaters operate on wood, electricity, liquid and gaseous fuel. The choice of the appropriate option depends on the financial capabilities and technical capabilities of the equipment.
To ensure effective heating of the room, heating the bath from the stove in the steam room is done as follows: the firebox is placed in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the tank with warm water is in the washing compartment.
Heating by furnaces with heat exchangers
At the design stage of heating equipment with a heat exchanger, the following data is taken into account:
- dimensions of the building and area of premises;
- design features of the furnace;
- weight of heating equipment;
- number of heat exchangers;
- coolant volume;
- length and diameter of the chimney pipe.
The following options for connecting heating equipment using pipes are possible:
- To expansion tank for hot water supply in the washing department;
- to heating radiators installed in functional rooms;
- to hot water supply and water heating system in the main premises of the bathhouse and residential building.
Heating stoves are equipped with internal and external heat exchangers. The internal element is located in the firebox, the external element is located around the chimney pipe.
Electric heating system
Electric heating is the simplest and most affordable option organizations autonomous system heating the bath. When organizing it, it is worth taking into account the electrical wiring diagram, the total load on the network and the cross-section of the wires in order to carry out high-quality installation work.
The electric heating system involves the use of the following types of equipment:
- electric stove;
- electric convectors;
- infrared film;
- electric heating cables.
Modern electric boilers of low power are equipped with automation capable of maintaining a given temperature in bath rooms. To heat the bath, it is allowed to use induction, electrode and stepped boilers with heating elements.
An electric heater for a bath can be used as a main and additional source of heating. If possible, it is most convenient to use electric convectors. As with boilers, convectors are equipped with thermostats to maintain optimal temperature in automatic mode.
The electrical system can be operated all year round, and there is no need for preparation and storage of fuel material. A significant drawback is the high electricity consumption.
Gas heating system
When connected to a gas main, heating a bathhouse with gas is the fastest and most efficient option for the system.
The system has two implementation options:
- traditional heater equipped with a gas burner;
- gas boiler with installation of heating radiators and water pipes.
The undoubted advantage of such heating is the absence unpleasant odors, formation of soot and soot. At the same time, gas equipment has a compact body, low weight and does not require much space during installation. The power of a standard boiler reaches 45 kW, which is enough to heat a room up to 280 square meters. m.
Water heating system
A practical and affordable way to organize heating of a bathhouse in winter is to install a water system.
Water is used as a coolant, gas, electricity, liquid and solid fuel, as heating equipment - a stove or boiler.
Water heating provides quick and uniform heating of bath rooms with the ability to automatically maintain the set temperature.
There are the following options for arranging water heating:
- Radiator heating. Provides for laying pipes along the walls to which water radiators or convectors of the appropriate size and power are connected. The hot coolant from the boiler moves inside the system, providing space heating.
- Underfloor heating. Its operating principle is similar to that in the previous version. The only difference is that pipe installation is carried out in concrete base after its preliminary insulation and waterproofing. This design is of a non-removable type, and therefore requires compliance with installation technology.
Heating system with heated floors
Modern underfloor heating systems are represented by electric and water. Water floors - economical and affordable way heating of premises, which requires high-quality installation, since it is quite difficult to repair such a system.
To heat a rest room, dressing room or washing room, it is enough to install heated floors. All work can be done with your own hands. To do this, it is necessary to select pipes of a suitable diameter, calculate the operating resistance of the heating circuit and the required pump power, taking into account the area of the room.
Warm floors can be combined with radiator, electric and air heating.
Heating system from the heating main
A private bathhouse can be directly connected to the central heating main. To organize a similar heating option for a bath, you will need to install an additional circuit.
The connection of the circuit to the heating main is carried out in accordance with the design documentation and permits obtained from the relevant authorities.
Choosing this option involves some difficulties:
- the likelihood of accumulation of groundwater in places where pipes are laid;
- necessity additional insulation heating mains;
- the need to attract professional installers.
Alternative and mixed heating options
Becoming in demand alternative options bath heating. These include the following types of equipment:
- heaters – ceramic and infrared;
- boilers – pyrolysis, pellet, diesel, long-burning;
- baseboard and ceiling heaters.
In cases where the bathhouse is rarely used, a good option is to install a mixed heating system: a wood-burning stove combined with electric heating; pellet boiler with electric convectors. One type of equipment provides heating of rooms for bathing procedures, the other provides hot water supply and additional heating.
Combined heating system for bathhouse and home
If a residential building is connected to a central heating system, it is recommended to install auxiliary equipment for heating the bath.
Thus, the heating main from the house to the bathhouse is a practical and economical way to heat residential and functional premises.
In this case, the connection of the bathhouse to the heating system from the house is carried out through insulated pipes laid underground. In the bathhouse they are connected to heating radiators or convectors installed in all functional rooms. For heating the steam room and washing department a sauna stove is used.
At a short distance from the heating equipment installed in the house, up to bath room heat losses in such a system are insignificant.
In this case, the heating main of a residential building can be used for additional heating of the bathhouse, helping to maintain a comfortable temperature regime in winter. This will prevent possible freezing of sewer lines, water pipes and buildings.
Choosing a suitable heating system depends on design features baths and financial capabilities of the owner.
Some owners prefer traditional electric or wood-burning heaters, which provide soft and even heating of the premises. Others choose combination systems or advanced heating technologies.
But if you know how to make heating in a bathhouse, following the rules and recommendations, the operation of the building is possible throughout the year under any climatic conditions.
The bathhouse has long been used to perform hygienic procedures and improve health. Only the right thing can give maximum pleasure interior design. Each element (steam room, washing room, dressing room) should be as comfortable and thoughtful as possible.
Let's consider the subtleties of the design of the dressing room.
Peculiarities
A dressing room is a room located directly in front of the steam room. Its main purpose is to be a link between the cold entrance to the bathhouse and the hot steam room. He shouldn't miss cold air. The dressing room can be spacious or small, intended exclusively for changing clothes. More often there are dressing rooms of medium and fairly large sizes. In addition to performing their main function, they serve as a relaxation area after the bath.
Regardless of the type of bath, the waiting room must meet the following requirements:
- have good thermal insulation performance;
- be finished with moisture-resistant materials;
- characterized by environmental friendliness.
Usually, inner part the dressing room is insulated and sheathed decorative materials. For a log bathhouse, finishing is not at all necessary. The main tasks of the owner are high-quality insulation and thermal protection of the structure.
For finishing frame or wooden bath Typically, clapboard is used; for stone construction, you can use tiles and bricks.
Finishing materials
Perhaps the most common cladding option is lining, which can be used to create a cozy corner for relaxation. It is necessary to mount the planks horizontally, which prevents moisture from accumulating in the seams between the panels. In rooms with high humidity, it is important to install lining on lathing or use eurolining.
In the spacious bath foyer, antique rooms, as well as in rustic interiors block house will fit harmoniously. This material is used for wall decoration. It imitates a natural log surface.
For wall decoration PVC panels are often used. They are easier and faster to attach than lining. The panels are resistant to moisture and are characterized by durability. Rich color finishes and a variety of textures allow you to turn the most unusual design ideas into reality.
Such panels cannot be mounted on heated types of surfaces.
When exposed to high temperatures, the panels become deformed and release toxic fumes.
The described materials are easy to install, thanks to the presence of special internal grooves. It is enough to study the instructions to do the work yourself. To create modern dressing rooms, you can use rubber paint. Its main advantage is increased moisture resistance. The material is applied to any surface (wood, metal, plaster, concrete).
To increase adhesion, you can use special penetrating compounds and apply rubber paint on top of them. However, in most cases these actions are not mandatory.
Appearance, cost and performance wooden materials for interior decoration depend on the type of wood used. One of the most durable types of wood is oak.. Possessing high moisture resistance, oak boards and lining are suitable for wet rooms.
Oak wood is reliable and durable; it retains its original appearance for several decades. During the heating process, oak releases beneficial phytoncides into the air with antiseptic properties and the ability to normalize blood pressure.
If the walls of the dressing room become very hot, Abash wood materials can be used for finishing. This raw material tolerates temperature increases well, is not afraid of moisture, has a low heat capacity and is light in weight. In addition to the African variety, you can find on sale the Asian Abasha variety, the performance characteristics of which are somewhat lower. The wood has a light cream color and goes well with cedar boards, allowing you to create interesting color contrasts in the steam room.
For people suffering from respiratory diseases, will useful rest in the bathhouse and dressing room, lined with Canadian cedar. Emitted by wood during heating essential oils have antiseptic and strengthening effects. The material is characterized by increased resistance to temperature changes, heat, and moisture. His color palette delights and includes hundreds of shades and undertones from golden-red to reddish-brown.
Linden materials for dressing the dressing room keep theirs for a long time natural shade(honey-golden color). Other advantages include resistance to high temperatures and good sound insulation properties. When heated, linden releases a pleasant sweetish aroma, characterized by a calming effect. It is good for health.
Surfaces sheathed with aspen lose their tint over time. This can be avoided by using special wax. Aspen is moisture resistant and durable. However, not everyone likes the aroma it exudes. For some, it can cause headaches.
Tall operational properties have pine and larch. They are characterized by strength, as well as durability, and the absence of deformation as a result of heating. The released phytoncides and essential oils help strengthen the immune system, normalize blood pressure, and reduce the risk of developing respiratory diseases.
Both types of wood have a pleasant honey tint.
It is unacceptable to use materials that heat up quickly to decorate the waiting room., as well as those that emit when the temperature rises harmful substances. From this point of view It is recommended to abandon linoleum and some types of paint.
It is important when covering walls to ensure ventilation holes for steam removal. This will prevent the material from rotting.
Before finishing, the room needs to be insulated from the inside. First of all, this applies to brick and frame baths, as well as structures made from blocks.
Insulation materials
A comfortable microclimate in the dressing room can only be achieved through high-quality insulation. Thermal insulation material For the floor, extruded foam, mineral or basalt wool can be used. Typically, insulation is laid out in the space between the finished and white floors. A mandatory factor is the use of vapor and waterproofing materials.
Ceiling insulation – necessary condition reducing heat loss in the bathhouse (especially when it comes to buildings with a cold attic). For thermal insulation, you can use basalt wool, as well as expanded clay of different fractions. Large granules provide thermal insulation, while small ones fill the space between them. Instead of expanded clay chips, clay or sawdust is suitable.
To increase the thermal efficiency of walls usually use mineral wool or foil foam. They are laid between the sheathing and finishing material.
More modern version heating - installation of a heated floor system. This can be a water or electric modification.
As a rule, installing a heated floor alone is not enough to heat a room, so you can use it to organize a convection heating system. This method can only be implemented when installing a water system. Warm floor is connected to installed radiators. The heating fluid (usually water, less often antifreeze) circulates through pipes under floor covering and radiators, this allows you to achieve a comfortable temperature in the dressing room.
The choice of underfloor heating system should be approached responsibly. Each of the varieties has characteristic advantages and shortcomings. If we talk about electric models, then infrared floor is preferred, as safe as possible in conditions high humidity. It is capable of warming up a medium-sized dressing room in 15-30 minutes.
Another option to heat the dressing room is to use special design sauna stove. Its heating part is located in the steam room, and the combustion part is moved outside the steam room (for example, into the dressing room). The firebox is designed to resemble a fireplace (a portal and appropriate decorative elements are used).
Closed fireboxes equipped with doors with a glass window allow you to enjoy the warmth and glow of the fire. The glass in such designs is thick (up to 8-10 cm), heat-resistant. This allows us to declare its safety. The presence of a self-cleaning system prevents the appearance of soot on the surface of the glass.
Of course, you can use household heaters in the dressing room. They are especially helpful in winter when there are no other sources of heat. However, most models heat the air, which causes it to become excessively dry. In addition, the air inside the dressing room is quite humid; failure of such a stove cannot be ruled out.
Layout and design
Despite the fact that each owner selects the style of the bathhouse foyer in accordance with his taste and budget, dressing rooms in the Russian style remain an invariable classic. They reproduce as accurately as possible the atmosphere of how baths were decorated in the old days. To decorate the walls, logs or their imitation wood (block house) are usually used.. The floor and ceiling are also wooden; beams are usually installed on the ceiling.
The center of the room becomes large oak table, chairs or benches are placed around it. Colored runners on the floor, an embroidered lace tablecloth, similar curtains and towels can smooth out some of the roughness of the interior. The interior is complemented by brooms and bunches of dry herbs suspended from the ceiling, as well as pottery and a samovar on the table.
If the soul asks for luxury and abundance bright colors, you can consider the option of designing a dressing room in oriental style . Mosaic or tiles on the walls, characteristic Turkish patterns, soft lighting - these are the components of the interior.
The center of the dressing room will be the duo of a table with low legs and a cozy sofa or ottoman with an abundance of small pillows. Thick curtains on curtains can have a rich shade. It's beautiful when they are decorated with tassels or fringe. An exquisite hookah, as well as small bowls instead of cups and incense sticks, will add oriental notes to the interior.
Connoisseurs of simplicity and elegance will love it Scandinavian style . To decorate the walls use light brown or bleached lining. Wooden furniture simple geometric shapes are a mandatory element of the interior. These can be neat benches, tables, small wooden sofas, covered with thin mattresses for comfort.
Modern style in the dressing room implies eclecticism. In such an interior, wooden and stone surfaces are harmoniously combined, simple shapes furniture.
The colors are predominantly warm, pastel (they promote relaxation), sometimes with bright color contrasts. Usually, modern dressing rooms characterized by practicality and versatility.
By correctly zoning the room, you can install a small pool, select an area with a table and utensils, install a barbecue, a pool table or a mini-library (it is important that the model is intended for indoor use).
For romantics, we can recommend yacht style. The dressing room is lined with wood in natural shades, and the windows are turned into stylized portholes. Blue and white checkered curtains, fur pillows, rope decor and, of course, a decorative steering wheel will help to emphasize the nautical theme.
Furniture
Regardless of the style and size of the dressing room, the required set of furniture in most of them is a table, bench, mirror and hanger. This is a functional minimum that allows you to make the room practical. The installation of a sofa, rocking chair, and a small cupboard for dishes allows you to turn the dressing room space into a comfortable relaxation area. It is logical to install shelves near the mirror. useful little things and accessories, secure the hooks. In the corner you can place triangular ergonomic shelves.
It is important that benches and chairs are durable and resistant to moisture. If there is soft upholstery and textiles on the furniture, they should not be allowed to get wet; they must be washed and dried periodically. If space allows, you can organize a small kitchen area with a sink, tiles with work surface or an electric kettle. The walls near the sink can be decorated with tiles or colorful PVC panels. It will turn out beautiful and practical.
A bathhouse, which is used only in the summer, can do without insulation. Insulation, as well as ventilation in the dressing room and bathhouse, are, however, necessary if these rooms are used throughout the year.
Ventilating the air will help avoid the consequences of high humidity (mold, mildew), which will make it possible to save the wood from rotting and extend the life of the bathhouse. The ventilation system also ensures quick heating of the steam room.
Arrangement of the waiting room
The room must be warm enough, so you will need to insulate surfaces, including walls, floors and ceilings. You also need to organize heating and a supply and exhaust ventilation system.
Floor in the waiting room
In order not to spoil the feeling after the bath, the floor in the dressing room should be insulated. Typically, sanded and treated wood is used as flooring material. Special processing wood prevents the formation of fungus and mold that can appear in high humidity.
Thermal insulation of the floor is carried out as follows:
Waiting room ceiling
Ceiling insulation is carried out according to similar principles used for floor insulation. However, the choice of insulation here is more varied and allows for both cheap and expensive materials. Basalt wool is considered the best option, as it is characterized by high fire safety and moisture resistance.
The main purpose of ceiling insulation is to reduce heat loss, as heated air is directed upward. Based on this goal, we use foiled polyethylene to reflect heat, the seams of which are treated with reinforced tape. We attach polyethylene to wooden blocks to the ceiling. We cover the ceiling with 120 mm clapboard.
Waiting room walls
Insulation interior walls We do it with our own hands like this:
We do insulation from the outside as follows:
- We use lathing from wooden block along the height of the wall. We place boards below and above, to which we attach the bars with metal corners.
- We place mineral wool between the bars.
- We lay a vapor barrier and glue the joints with tape.
- We arrange another lathing on top for facing work.
Windows can be of any size. The best option- double frame made of wood or double glazing.
Reasons for the formation of condensation in the dressing room
As a result of the difference between the temperatures in the dressing room and the steam room, condensation appears.
The following factors lead to the formation of condensation:
- the dressing room is too cold;
- the ventilation system is not equipped correctly;
- The outside temperature is too low.
Thus, to overcome the condensation problem, it is necessary to provide high-quality heating and ventilation.
Ventilation system in the dressing room
The functioning of ventilation in the dressing room is ensured both by the flow of air through window and door openings, and through special vents made in the wood. Air flow is regulated by special sliding plugs.
The size of the vents is usually 15-20 centimeters. The lower vent is located approximately 50 centimeters from the floor and not far from the combustion chamber. The second vent should be on the opposite side, approximately 2 meters from the floor level.
Forced ventilation of the room can be created using a fan installed in the exhaust hole. This device will make the removal of moist air more intense.
Waiting room heating
The ideal scheme is if one of the walls of the brick oven goes into the dressing room. In this case, there is no need to create separate heating in the dressing room. However, a small heater will not be enough to heat all the rooms of the bathhouse. In such a situation, you can use any of the following types of heating:
- You can use pipes that are laid through the combustion chamber to the compartment with stones. The essence of the idea: hot steam air enters the dressing room after watering the stones with water, and the steam itself remains within the steam room.
- You can install a system of air channels passing through all rooms of the bathhouse and equipped with valves.
- If the area of the dressing room allows, you can install an additional stove.
Advice! To prevent wood rotting, it is recommended to dry the wood after each heavy moistening.
Thus, to avoid excessive humidification and condensation, only ventilation of the waiting room is not enough. A set of measures is needed that, in addition to ventilation, will ensure high-quality insulation of the room.
