A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can, in principle, be made even within one day, since its design is not at all complicated. If you have skills in working with tools, reading drawings, necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from the most different materials, which will be at hand, but much will depend on where the stove is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on a designated area for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, it can heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually very small in size and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when going out, for example, to a picnic or to the dacha, such a stove will help you boil water and cook lunch. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small; even dry branches, splinters or tufts of grass can be used as fuel.

The principle of operation of a rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket stove design, its design uses two operating principles that the developers borrowed from other types of solid fuel stoves. So for her efficient work The following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from fuel through the created stove channels, without the forced creation of chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket stoves, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since in them it is quite difficult to create the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the designs and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest design of a direct combustion rocket stove. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively outdoors. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two sections of pipe connected by a bend at a right angle.

The firebox for this furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is placed in it. Often the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. To make a stationary version of the simplest design scheme, a brick is often used, installed on a heat-resistant mortar.

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and it appeared additional elements, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

1 – outer metal body of the furnace.

2 – pipe – combustion chamber.

3 – a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and intended for the free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 – the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The furnace is heated as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intense combustion process, hot gases are formed, rising through the vertical channel of the pipe and escaping outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely blocked, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft that supplies air to the combustion area and lifts the heated gases upward. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple design with a door installed on the loading opening. And to create draft, a special channel is provided, which is formed by the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7-10 mm from it. Even if the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already beginning to work - without active access of oxygen to burning wood, the process of pyrolysis can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a complete process, one more thing is still missing important condition– high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, since the combustion process of gases requires certain temperature conditions.

1 – air channel in the combustion chamber, through which air is blown when the firebox door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 – upward flow of hot gases.

Video: a version of the simplest rocket furnace from an old cylinder

Improved rocket furnace design

The design, intended for both cooking and heating the room, is equipped not only with a combustion door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the house, and the chimney pipe from it is led outside. After such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically sealing the upper part of the structure, the heated air maintains a high temperature for much longer.

• A channel for supplying secondary air was installed in the lower part of the body, successfully providing the necessary air supply, for which an open firebox was used in the simplest design.
• The flue pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket stove, but at the lower rear part of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but is able to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, hob, and further diverging inside the case, providing its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the air around it.

This diagram clearly shows the entire process of operation of the stove: in the fuel bunker (item 1), preliminary combustion of fuel (item 2) occurs in the insufficient air supply mode “A” - this is regulated by a damper (item 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (item 5), where they are burned. This process takes place thanks to good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of “secondary” air “B” through a specially designed channel (item 4).

Next, hot air rushes into the internal pipe of the structure, called the riser (item 7), rises along it to the “ceiling” of the housing, which is the hob (item 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer drum housing (item 6), heating the housing for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney pipe (pos. 11).

In order to achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (item 7). To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe larger diameter– shell (pos. 8), and the space between them is tightly filled with heat-resistant mineral composition(item 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a 1:1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

Increasing the efficiency of heat extraction in rocket stoves

To increase the efficiency of the rocket stove, other designs with more efficient heat extraction were developed, both for using the device outdoors and for indoor use - for heating rooms or heating water.

Stove-oven

For cooking or preparing food for the winter, stoves are made that are designed according to the principle described above, but have an extended cooking surface that allows you to install several containers at once.

In this model of a rocket stove, a vertical pipe with a top-loading firebox built into it, which has a door, is located under the cooking surface. Therefore, hot air heats it directly, and in order for the entire panel to be hot, heated gases, collecting under the panel, are directed into a horizontal channel passing under its entire surface and connected to a vertical section of the chimney.

Additionally, the structure is equipped with legs, which makes it stable and reliable. It should be noted that when such a stove is not used for its intended purpose, it can be used as an ordinary garden table.

In addition to this outdoor model, several types of structures have been developed for indoor use to effectively heat rooms or heat water.

Rocket stove with water circuit

A rocket furnace with a water circuit consists of the following elements:

• The stove is installed on a solid concrete base to avoid distortions and deformation of structures.
• The lower part of the structure, which includes the combustion chamber (item 2) and the fire channel, is laid out of fireclay bricks (item 1). The firebox has a vertical loading. At the bottom there is an ash pan (item 3) with a side door for regular cleaning of the stove from accumulated ash.

• The vertical channel (riser) (item 4) is made of a steel pipe, which is covered with a thick layer of thermal insulation (item 5) and an outer metal casing.
• A heat exchanger assembly with a water jacket in the walls (pos. 6) and horizontal plates that create a kind of labyrinth (pos. 7) to ensure maximum heat exchange area and time is hermetically fixed on top of the outer casing.

Attempts are being made to install a water register in this location. However, as practice shows, this approach is impractical - the temperatures here due to the afterburning of pyrolysis gases are very high, and the pipe register has every chance of quickly burning out.

• Hot air, passing through the heat exchanger, bending around the metal plates, heats the entire massive block, and the metal gives off heat to the water circulating through the water jacket.
• Next, the cooled gas flow goes into the chimney pipe (pos. 8).
• Water circulation occurs through a heat accumulator (item 9), which may well be made from an old boiler or other closed container with valves for connecting cold and drawing hot water. The option of connecting a heating radiator is not excluded, although, in truth, such a stove is unlikely to justify itself in such a role.
• Hot water from the heat storage tank through a pipe connected to it (item 10) can be directed to water intake points for domestic needs.

Such a rocket stove is perfect for installation in a country house or in a private house, where it is possible to connect and include a similar heat storage tank in the system autonomous water supply. The stove will help to significantly reduce the cost of heating water and heating, since this model does not require a large amount of solid fuel or connecting it to any additional energy sources.

Rocket stove with bench

Another way to effectively use a rocket stove is to equip a fairly massive structure with a heated bench. It should be noted that such a bed can take the form of a bed or sofa, successfully replacing these pieces of furniture, since by laying a mattress on its surface, you can comfortably settle down for a day or night rest. The bed can be made of brickwork or stones and clay mass.

The design of this version of the rocket stove consists of the following components and elements:

• A lid-closable firebox with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace goes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which the pyrolysis gas is burned.
• The hot gas flow rises through a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed “ceiling” of the housing, where it transfers part of the thermal energy to the horizontal plate - the hob. Then, under the pressure of hotter gases following, it diverges into heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and falls down.
• At the bottom of the stove there is an entrance to horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the stove bench. Moreover, one, two or more turns can be laid in this space corrugated pipe, in the form of a coil through which hot air circulates, heating the bed. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led outside through the wall of the house.

• It should be noted that if the bench is made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and bed, releasing heat into the room, will themselves serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m2.

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of brick. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves according to their financial capabilities and ease of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bench looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than a clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

We build a rocket stove with a stove bench out of brick

What is needed for the job?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. Design size at standard parameters brick (250?120?65 mm) will be 2540?1030?1620 mm.

It should be noted that the design is divided into three parts:

• The oven itself – its size is 505? 1620? 580 mm;
• Firebox – 390?250?400 mm;
• Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

To lay the stove you will need following materials:

• Red brick – 435 pcs.;
• Blower door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• Cleaning door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• Fire door desirable (250×120 mm - 1 piece), otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Hob 505×580 mm – 1 pc.;
• Rear metal shelf panel 370×365 mm – 1 pc.;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5-3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and brick.
• Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90? outlet.
• clay and sand for mortar or a ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this rocket stove with vertical loading is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its masonry is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

If you have no experience as a mason or stove maker, but have a strong desire to install such a heating device yourself, you should play it safe and first lay the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each row.

In addition, to ensure that the seams are the same width, it is recommended to prepare gauge wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. Once the solution has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a stove it is necessary to have a level and solid foundation. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact and its weight is not as great as, for example, a Russian stove, a floor laid with thin boards will not be suitable for its installation. In the case where the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is necessary to lay and secure a heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Order of a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

Illustration	Brief description of the operation performed
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick must lie in exact accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give strength to the entire base. For masonry you will need 62 red bricks. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the firebox facade are cut off or rounded - this way the structure will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of the work, internal smoke exhaust channels are laid through which gases heated in the firebox will pass, giving off heat to the bricks of the stove bench. The channels connect to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the stove bench is cut diagonally - this “nook” will collect unburnt combustion products, and the cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow you to easily clean it. To lay a row you will need 44 bricks.
	On the second row, the doors of the blower and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically tidying up the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels. The doors are secured with wire, which is twisted onto the ears of the cast iron elements and then inserted into the masonry seams.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in a bandage, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels running inside the couch are blocked with a continuous layer of brick. A firebox opening is left, and a channel is formed that will heat the hob and discharge combustion products into the chimney pipe. In addition, a rotating horizontal channel is blocked from above, which removes heated air under the stove bench. To lay a row you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next stage is covering the bed with a second cross layer of brick. The smoke exhaust ducts and firebox also continue to be removed. 60 bricks are prepared for a row.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and the part of the stove on which the hob will be installed begins to rise. It still has smoke exhaust ducts. A row requires 17 bricks.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is completed, for which bricks cut diagonally are used. The second row of the base under the hob rises. Laying will require 18 bricks.
	Eighth row. The furnace structure with three channels is being laid. You will need 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, they are laid out according to the same pattern, alternately, intertwined. 14 bricks are used for each row.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney pipe. The hole supplied under the stove is equipped with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the stove bench. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. A base for the slab is formed, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through this that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into the vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. On the same row, the base for laying the hob is prepared. To do this, a heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid around the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on the asbestos pad. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they open, smoke may enter the room.
	14th row. The opening for the chimney pipe is closed and the wall is raised, separating the hob from the stove bench area. Only 5 bricks are used for a row.
	15th row. This row raising the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation of the back wall, next to the hob, a metal shelf, which can be used as a cutting board. It is attached to brackets.
	15th row. The picture diagram shows well how a hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that section of the stove that will warm up first, since a hot air flow will pass under it.
	After completing all the work described in the order, a chimney pipe is built into the hole at the back of the stove, which is led out to the street.
	From the back, the design also looks quite neat, so it can be installed either near the wall or in the middle of the room. This stove is perfect for heating a country house. If you decorate the stove and chimney finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and a very functional one, for any private home. As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully examine the structure, you need to see its projection from the end side.
	And the last picture clearly shows what should happen as a result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the stove bench.

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of a rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and most accessible for self-made, compared to other heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal has been set - to acquire a stove in the house, but there is clearly not enough experience in such work, then it is best to choose this option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Among the diversity wood stoves special attention deserves such a thermal device as a homemade rocket stove. She's different original design, which does not require expensive materials and components in production. Any person who has at least the slightest understanding of drawings and knows how to work with his hands can make such a stove. Our article should come to the aid of such home craftsmen, where we will talk about the design and operating principle of the rocket stove. Recommendations for its manufacture from various materials will also be given here.

Operating principle of a rocket furnace

Although the design of a rocket stove is quite simple, it successfully uses two operating principles borrowed from other types of solid fuel heating devices:

• the principle of afterburning wood gases released during combustion (pyrolysis);
• the principle of free flow of gases through the channels (without encouragement from the natural draft of the chimney).

Note. In the simplest rocket stoves For cooking, including the portable type, only the second principle applies, since favorable conditions are not created for the pyrolysis process to occur in them.

First, we will analyze the design of direct combustion rocket stoves, intended only for cooking food. Here the firebox is a short horizontal section pipe, which then turns upward. The design is simple to the point of disgrace, as shown in the figure:

The fuel is placed in the pipe and ignited, resulting in an upward flow of hot gases, tending to rise along the vertical section and exit outside. Here, at the cut of the pipe, a container for food or water is installed. Of course, there is a gap between the pan and the pipe for combustion products to escape. This is achieved through various metal stands.

For reference. The above rocket stove device is one of the first. It is because of the upward-turned nozzle with a flame escaping from it that the device received the name rocket.

Since it is impossible to heat rooms with such a unit, the design of the heating rocket stove was supplemented with a heat exchange device and channels for removing flue gases. To maintain a high temperature in the vertical section of the pipe, it is insulated with any fire-resistant material. Further, for intensive heat extraction, the nozzle is covered from above with a cap, for example, an ordinary metal barrel. At the bottom of the horizontal fire pipe there is a separate channel for supplying secondary air.

Now the principle of operation of a rocket furnace looks somewhat different. Firstly, at the end of the horizontal fire channel, afterburning of pyrolysis gases occurs due to the supply of secondary air. Secondly, combustion products that have a high temperature accumulate under the top of the bell (barrel), creating some excess pressure. As heat is transferred outward through the metal walls, these gases cool and flow downward.

Since the cooling gases are supported from below by a new hot flow, they cannot descend in the same way, but pass through the space between the walls of the pipe and the barrel, safely exiting into the chimney channel. The flow of processes is well reflected in the diagram of a rocket furnace:

So, thanks to pyrolysis, the efficiency of wood combustion increases, and the use of free flow of gases creates a self-regulating system that limits the flow of fresh air into the firebox. The air mixture is supplied as the combustion products cool under the hood, making room for its new portion. Excessive pressure of hot gases “pushes” the cooled part out, so the operation of the stove depends little on the presence of draft in the chimney.

Efficient heat extraction

The gases entering the chimney duct are still at a high temperature. It is not advisable to simply throw them outside; everyone will understand that the efficiency of such an installation will be too low. Taking advantage of the fact that the rocket stove literally pushes combustion products out, craftsmen have come up with 2 ways to extract heat:

• passing gases through channels arranged under the stove bench;
• installing a water circuit on the stove.

A rocket stove with a water circuit is made without a hood; the force of the upward flow of combustion products is used in a multi-pass heat exchanger made of metal. It is not recommended to introduce a coil of water into the gas flow; it will not last long due to the too high temperature. It would be more correct to make a water jacket with metal fins inside the flue, as shown in the diagram:

Another way is to lay horizontal chimney ducts out of brick directly along the floor surface and arrange a luxurious heated adobe bench on top, connecting a stove to it missile type. It is important to select the correct length of channels so that overpressure enough to overcome them, otherwise you will still have to take care of organizing natural traction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Homemade rocket stoves long burning have many admirers, and for these reasons:

• simplicity and low cost of installation: to build such a thermal device, you do not need to incur large expenses for the purchase of expensive materials, fixtures and fittings. Minimal experience in the furnace business is also required;
• self-regulation and undemandingness to the natural draft of the chimney;
• The efficiency of the rocket furnace is a variable value and largely depends on the design, the main thing is to select as much as possible thermal energy at flue gases;
• fuel can be added on the fly.

Despite the attractiveness and simplicity of the unit, heating with a rocket stove has its negative aspects. It is a mistake to think that you can shove firewood of any quality into the firebox. Wet wood will not provide the required temperature in the chamber, and the pyrolysis process will not proceed. In the worst case scenario, smoke from the furnace can pour into the room. Also, the “rocket” requires constant supervision, especially in terms of fire safety.

Self-made rocket stoves are unsuitable for a bathhouse, since they give off relatively little heat in the infrared range, which is very important for a steam room. The surfaces of the stove that emit heat have too small an area and it will not be possible to heat the bathhouse properly.

For reference. A factory-made metal Robinson rocket stove is often used as a portable heat source. The craftsmen were not at a loss here either and quickly modernized this product, making the same thing, only with a grate.

Stove from a cylinder

This is one of the most simple options, to implement it you can use the drawing below. A propane cylinder with a diameter of 300 mm will serve as an excellent cap, and the role of the firebox and loading hopper will play a role steel pipe size 150 mm. The internal vertical channel is made of a pipe with a diameter of 70 mm, and the chimney is 100 mm.

The structure is completely welded, the pipes are cut to the required length, and the upper part of the cylinder is cut off. Then the parts are welded according to the drawings, only the opening between the vertical pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm is filled with bulk heat-insulating material. This role can be perlite or vermiculite, on extreme case- ordinary sand.

If there is an opportunity and desire to make a more powerful rocket stove, then a standard 200 liter barrel is used as a hood, then the dimensions of all parts also increase. The working inner pipe has a diameter of 129 mm (or a profile 120 x 120 mm), and the outer one has a size of 450 mm. It is difficult to find a pipe of this diameter, so usually they find another barrel of smaller capacity and cut off the bottom of it.

The entire assembled rocket stove made from a gas cylinder is not very heavy, so there is no need to build a massive foundation for it. When the unit is placed on the floor, the legs are welded to it, and if a bench is subsequently planned, the structure will have to be coated with a refractory compound, and then the external lining will be done. Then basalt cardboard and a sheet of roofing iron are laid on the floor below.

Brick oven

In terms of its design, a brick rocket stove is not much different from a metal one, but requires a lot of labor. The difference is that all the fire channels of the unit are made of fireclay bricks, and the cap is made from the same barrel.

It is recommended to lower the entire structure, except for the protruding cap, below floor level, for which a shallow hole is dug. Its bottom is compacted, and then a small concrete foundation 100 mm thick is poured over the formwork. After it hardens, they begin laying, using a solution of refractory clay. After finishing the laying and hardening of the solution, the pit is filled in, and put on top of the fire channel iron barrel without a bottom, the cavity between it and the brick is filled with insulation.

The end of the structure is coated with the same solution, and then the largest barrel - a cap - is put on top. A chimney pipe is welded to its lower part; drawings of a rocket stove are used to clarify all dimensions.

Conclusion

With all its advantages, a home-made rocket stove cannot serve as a full-fledged heat source for heating an entire house. It makes sense to start such construction when it is necessary to organize heating small dacha or another similar building, especially since the “rocket” is not afraid of periodic work.

According to its design, the rocket stove is divided into two main types: portable and stationary. The portable model is used on hikes and while relaxing in nature. Its industrial model called “Robinson” is widespread. It gets its name because it looks like a rocket. The similarity of the image is added by the fact that a flame bursts out of the short chimney during combustion, and a hum is emitted with an unlimited supply of air. Used for cooking, heating a kettle in camping conditions.

Let's consider the principle of operation, based on the above model.

Description of work

1. Steel with a thickness of 2-3 mm is used for the structure.
2. Has a shape matchbox, without box. A lid and bottom are welded to its side. On the other side there will be a firebox into which firewood is directly loaded.
3. At the top, closer to the bottom, a pipe is welded to the box at an angle of 45 degrees. A structure is welded to the top to act as a stand for dishes and a flame divider.
4. To prevent the flame from burning the bottom of the pan while cooking. For manufacturing, you will need a piece of pipe, which is cut into three rings, each ring is cut in half, a total of six half rings come out, we weld them with a uniform indentation in the center, the product is welded to the top of the chimney.
5. Legs are welded to the bottom of the box to ensure the stability of the structure.

The finished sample with dimensions is shown below in the illustration and diagram.

Principle of operation

• The good thing about this option is that there is no need to build a structure over the fire to hang a cauldron or kettle.
• Cooking kulesh or fish soup will be more comfortable, just like on a stove at home. The installation should be oriented towards the wind, it should blow into the firebox.
• The firewood burns out quickly, the heat generated is enough to cook food, but most of it evaporates.
• In the stationary model, these shortcomings are eliminated by improving the basic design. Namely, the furnace room is equipped with a door, under which there is a ash vent, which limits the air supply, thereby slowing down the combustion process of wood.
• Air supply is also organized to the area above the combustion, where the gases go, but do not burn there, this makes it possible to start the pyrolysis process, thereby ensuring the afterburning of the pyrolysis gases.
• You should also wrap the fuel combustion chamber in a casing, which increases thermal insulation. A manufactured thermal insulator is put on it, this additionally traps heat inside, shown below.

Materials

The rocket furnace will require the manufacture of the following Supplies: two gas cylinders and everything that is indicated in the table below.

Let's get started

We cut a piece of 20 cm from the profile, cut the rest into three parts.

From a piece measuring 315 mm, a “lounger” base is made, from a second piece, measuring 300 mm, a place for loading firewood is made and welded at an angle. To do this, we make a cut on the bias.

We cut the third blank, 280 mm in size, across, you get two channels, the one with a width of 35 mm is welded from below, thereby making a ash pan.

On the upper surface of the base we cut out a rectangular hole across the entire width, the length for the hopper with an ash pit, and on the side of the joint we make a cutout for it. The distance from the beginning to the workpiece is 100 mm.

Safety precautions should be observed when cutting; first you need to fill it with water, this will remove the remaining gas condensate.

Blower manufacturing process

At the bottom of the base, opposite the hole, we weld five rods, 16 cm long, from reinforcement. We make slits between the welded grates. Next, we weld another part of the channel (the remainder from the third workpiece) below the grate. We weld a bevel onto the back wall, on which for the convenience of further installation, its plug. After you have welded the “working” workpiece to the base, you should weld the bottom with a plug.

Next, we proceed to the manufacture of the casing, which will act as a conductor. We will fill the space between them with mineral filler perlite. At the bottom of it, we make a cutout for a “lounger”, the width is 120, and the height of the cutout will be 160 mm, i.e. We weld a strip from below using a cut piece 40 mm long.

This insulates the bottom at the joint with perlite. We hide it in the casing and weld a round lid to its bottom.

The required volume of perlite

For the upcoming purchase, you should find out experimentally; to do this, you should fill this space with water. The desired volume is obtained. Perlite is sold in gardening stores and is measured in liters. A channel is welded to the hopper; draft will be provided through it and the loading hopper will be mounted on the base. We organize an air supply inside the “working room”. To do this, we cut into it through the casing and weld a workpiece in the form of a ring to the slot. In a piece profile pipe we make a branch for the air duct. There is a door on it for adjustment.

Doors are manufactured and attached to the firebox with an ash pit and to the loading chamber with a draft chamber. The doors on the loading room must be used regularly, but on the firebox - only when igniting or when choosing ash, so it is better to construct them structurally as shown below, it will be more practical.

The perlite is filled in and the hole on top is sealed with a ring-shaped plug. In this case, 5 and a half liters of insulation were used.

Measurements are taken and a hole is cut in order to cover the lower section of the insulation. Since an air suction was attached to the side of the stove, the cutout is not of the correct rectangular shape.

We also produce two balloon rings.

The rings are put on at the junction between, one on the outside, the other on the inside.

Between them, a packing is placed, which is a non-flammable sealing cord, 150 mm long and 10 mm thick. These manipulations will allow you to securely fasten the upper section of the cap, placing it in the grooves of the resulting so-called “saddle”, while it remains removable in order to ensure the possibility of cleaning from waste in the future.

Rocket stove video

To make installation of the lower part easier, the oven can be turned upside down. We center it by welding spacers between the cap and the casing. After this, we weld the insert above the “lounger” into the place of the cutout. We weld rings, the width of which is 30 mm with an outlet at the top of 20 mm, one inside the lower cap, the other on the outside.

We calculate the distance between the top of the “working” pipe and the upper surface of the cap. The cross-sectional area must be less than the lateral area of ​​the imaginary cylinder. In this case, its diameter is 120 mm. The cross-sectional area is 11304 mm². The experimentally calculated figure for the required distance is 50 mm.

Summary: the top will heat up, and the heat will spread over the entire surface area - this will be a stove with excellent efficiency, since the heat will remain in the device and will not fly out into the chimney.

The cap is fastened as follows: corners with 10mm holes are welded along the contour from the bottom and top and screwed together with bolts 8x8 cm long in four places.

The last stage is the chimney outlet at the bottom. To do this, a hole is cut for it.

The stationary rocket furnace in this article was discussed using the example of video material, which can be viewed by following the links below.

The rocket stove is commonly known around the world as heating design long burning on solid fuel. To achieve maximum efficiency we had to work hard. A liquid fuel stove can release all its energy, but wood is more difficult to process. To unlock the full potential of wood, jet kilns were equipped with a chamber for afterburning gases.

The Shirokov-Khramtsov rocket or jet stove did not get its name because of its connection with space. The point is the shape of the device and the noise that is created during operation, reminiscent of the operation of a rocket. But this sound indicates improper use of the oven.

Types of long-burning rocket stoves:

• Portable (mobile);
• Stationary (for heating).

The most popular rocket model is Robinson. It is often used on hikes. Thanks to a small portable device, you can understand the principle of operation of jet furnaces. The shape of the oven resembles the letter “L”.

If the furnace is too noisy and buzzes during operation, then this mode is ineffective and expensive. Normally there should be a quiet sound, a little rustling.

The reaction furnace has a receiving hopper. This is the horizontal part of the pipe. A draft arises in the channel itself, it is this that affects the intensity of combustion, warming up the body. This is why it is advisable to limit the oxygen supply. Otherwise, the wood will quickly burn and all the heat will disappear.

The oven is running jet thrust due to the natural flow of hot air. The higher the temperature of the firebox walls, the better the wood burns. This allows you to quickly heat water in a large container, which is indispensable on a road trip. If you equip the pipe with thermal insulation, then after warming up you can burn thick logs.

DIY rocket stove: advantages, drawings, disadvantages

If desired, the conventional design of the furnace can be improved. This is how a potbelly stove loses a lot of heat, but by equipping the device with a water circuit or brickwork, these problems can be solved. Drawings are made for all these manipulations.

Advantages of jet furnaces:

1. Simple and inexpensive design. You can use available materials without significant financial costs. All work can be done with your own hands; no special knowledge or skills are required.
2. You can control the combustion yourself by choosing the desired intensity.
3. High efficiency. In general, everything depends on the quality of installation. The main thing is to extract maximum energy from the flue gases.

But such a simple and convenient design also has significant disadvantages. So you need to select special fuel for the stove. You cannot use wet firewood, otherwise pyrolysis will not occur. The firebox may begin to smoke profusely, and all the gases will be directed into the house. In addition, a rocket stove requires increased safety requirements.

The most popular portable model is the Robinson rocket stove. It was modified and a grate was added.

Homemade jet stoves are not used for heating baths. They are ineffective in infrared light, which plays important role for the steam room. Surface structures have small area heating, so they cannot heat the bathhouse.

Drawings of a jet stove from a gas cylinder and other types

Long-burning stoves are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile stoves are used on hikes, picnics, and outdoors for heating and cooking food. Stationary ones are used for heating a house, outbuildings, greenhouses, and garages. There are 4 types of structures.

Types of reactive furnaces:

• Homemade camp stove from metal pipes, buckets, cans;
• Jet design from a gas cylinder;
• Brick oven with metal container;
• Stove with a stove bench.

The portable structure is equipped with pipe sections. The only difference concerns the installed partition for the ash pan. For the lower part, a grate can be used.

A device made from a gas cylinder is more difficult to build, but significantly increases efficiency. To install the structure you need a barrel or gas cylinder. Firewood in the firebox burns due to the influx of oxygen by loading it through a special window.

The gases burn out in the pipe, which is located inside the structure, due to the supply of secondary air. The effect is enhanced by insulating the inner chamber. Hot air is placed in the hood, and then into the outer chamber. Combustion products are removed through the chimney.

To create draft, the top of the chimney is placed 4 cm above the loading window.

A combined model made of brick and metal is stationary design. Due to its high heat capacity, a wood stove accumulates and releases heat over several hours. That is why residential premises are heated with this design.

The rocket unit with a bench is an improved device that can retain heat longer. Since some of the heat escapes through the chimney, we increased its length. Due to the rapid excision of hot gases and a larger smoke outlet, this problem was solved.

This creates massive stoves with a bench that look like a sofa or bed. These are stationary devices made of brick or stone. Thanks to its unique design, the stove is able to retain heat all night.

DIY drawings of the Flint stove and other models

It's best to make small ones with your own hands. portable structures: rocket "Ognivo" and "Robinson". It is easy to perform the calculation, and the work will require cutting of profile pipes and metal welding skills. Dimensions may differ from the drawing, that's okay. It is important to maintain proportions.

To increase the combustion intensity, it is recommended to add improvised nozzles to the design. Secondary air for afterburning will flow there.

Stationary rocket stoves are made from a gas cylinder or metal barrel. These elements act as a body. Inside, the stove is equipped with smaller pipes or fireclay bricks. From a cylinder you can make both a stationary unit and a mobile one.

Continuous combustion furnace diagram:

• Chimney;
• Cap;
• Insulation;
• Loading hopper;
• Combustion zone;
• Afterburning zone.

Calculating a rocket stove can be difficult, because there is no exact method. You should pay attention to proven finished drawings. It is necessary to determine the size of heating equipment for a specific room.

DIY jet stove assembly for heating

Construction of the furnace begins with preparatory work. First you need to decide on the place of construction. It is chosen based on the requirements that relate to solid fuel structures: wood or coal.

Once the location has been decided, it is necessary to properly prepare it for construction. The wooden floor under the stove is being dismantled. They dig a small pit and compact the bottom.

In a small room, the jet stove is placed in the corner. The loading hopper occupies one side and the deck chair occupies the other.

The barrel or cylinder also needs to be prepared for installation. To do this, cut off the lid and tap. Then the structure is cleaned. Next, prepare the solution.

Construction stages jet furnace with a bed:

1. The bottom of the dug hole is lined with fireclay bricks. Formwork is made along the contour of the recess. Reinforcement is performed.
2. Lay out the base and fill it with concrete. A day later, when the concrete has hardened, further work begins.
3. The base of the stove is made of fireclay bricks. Raise side walls, make the lower channel.
4. The combustion chamber is covered with brick. There are two holes left on the sides. One is intended for the firebox, the second is for the vertical pipe (riser).
5. The metal body is equipped with a flange into which the horizontal channel of the stove will flow. All seams must be airtight and well sealed.
6. TO horizontal pipe attach a side outlet, which serves as an ash pan.
7. A fire tube is made from brick. As a rule, it is square.
8. The flame tube is equipped with a casing. The gaps are filled with perlite.
9. The installation of the cap is done from a cut-off part of a barrel or cylinder. It is equipped with a handle.
10. Equip the furnace body with brick or stone.
11. Equip the front part of the stove. Lay out the required contour.
12. A prepared barrel is placed on the base. The lower part must be sealed with clay.
13. Using a corrugated pipe, a channel is formed connecting the firebox to the street.
14. The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe.
15. Installing a chimney. All elements must be sealed using asbestos cord and fire-resistant coating.

Improved rocket furnace with water circuit

A long-burning boiler can be obtained by equipping the stove with a water jacket. Water heating may not be efficient enough. The fact is that the bulk of the warm air enters the room and containers on the cooking surfaces. To create a rocket boiler, you need to give up the possibility of cooking on the stove.

Materials required for equipping a stove with a water circuit:

1. Fireclay bricks and mortar for masonry;
2. Steel pipe (diameter 7 cm);
3. Barrel or cylinder;
4. Insulation;
5. Sheet steel and a barrel of smaller diameter than for the body to create a water jacket;
6. Chimney (diameter 10 cm);
7. Parts for the heat accumulator (tank, pipes, connecting pipe).

A characteristic feature of rocket furnaces with a water circuit is that the vertical part is insulated to ensure combustion of pyrolysis gases. Wherein warm air is sent to a coil with a water circuit and gives off heat to the stove. Even when all the fuel has burned out, in heating circuit Warm air will still be supplied.

DIY rocket stove drawings (video)

Jet stoves are widely known among people. Even Korea, China, England and the population of Japan used them. The Chinese stove differed from others in its ability to heat the entire floor. But the Russian analogue is in no way inferior. Thanks to useful innovations, the stove can hold heat for a long time.

Examples of a rocket stove (photo of ideas)

Drawings and videos of a rocket stove required for DIY installation

Do-it-yourself jet stove: diagram, drawings, step-by-step instructions for making a rocket stove, etc. + video

The jet stove or rocket stove appeared as a result of a deviation from the traditions of manufacturing equipment for heating a room. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many people are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket stove

A heat generator for heating the air in a room is called a rocket stove or jet stove, since during operation, in case of excessive air supply, it makes special sounds. This noise can be mistaken for a roar jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

A rocket stove serves as a device for heating a home and cooking food. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on a top-burning furnace.

The flame from the jet furnace may burst out

The advantages of the rocket stove include:

• independence from fuel energy;
• simplicity of design, consisting of accessible parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
• the ability to provide a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

• manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
• danger of burns, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
• It is inappropriate to use in a bathhouse, since it cannot be warmed up.

Kinds

A unit that emits a rocket-like hum during operation can be:

• portable (a unit made of metal pipes, buckets or a gas cylinder); Portable rocket stoves are mass-produced by industry
• stationary (made from fireclay bricks and metal containers); Such a unit is more difficult to build than a metal furnace
• equipment for heating air with a couch. The couch is equipped with back wall ovens

Portable structures are made in large quantities, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several sections.

True, such structures, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. Walls made of refractory blocks increase the heat transfer of the jet furnace.

If desired, you can add a bed in the form of a sofa or bed, decorated with clay or sawdust.

Parts and operation of a jet heat generator

A basic rocket furnace is a device consisting of two pipe fragments connected by a bend at an angle of 90 degrees.

The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure.

But sometimes fuel is placed in the vertical section of the apparatus, for which a rocket stove is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air passes through the furnace

The operation of a jet stove is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases produced during fuel combustion.

Wood chips and firewood are placed in the firebox of this heat generator after a highly flammable material such as paper ignites. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe.

At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed container, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes occurring inside a stationary reactive furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the furnace should be determined wisely, because it is it that affects the power and amount of heat generated by the heating equipment.

When calculating the dimensions of jet heating equipment, use the indicator of the internal diameter of the drum D, the value of which can range from 300–600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of ​​the drum.

To determine this indicator of the rocket stove, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D2 /4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are presented in the table:

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with the stove bench. The maximum permissible values ​​are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

Construction raw materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

The production of jet heating equipment will require:

• barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty liquefied gas cylinder or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
• square or round steel pipes 2–3 mm thick, which are needed to create a blower, combustion chamber and primary chimney;
• fireclay crushed stone and oven clay as thermal insulation materials;
• adobe, which serves as the outer coating layer;
• fireclay bricks;
• sand from the bottom of the river;
• pieces of sheets of zinc-coated steel or aluminum for the manufacture of lids and doors;
• asbestos or basalt cardboard, which serves as a sealant.

The tools you will need to build a rocket furnace are: welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment from bricks, then you will have to take:

• Master OK;
• mortar spatula;
• hammer-pick;
• jointing;
• sharp-angled sledgehammer;
• level;
• plumb line;
• roulette

Preparation for assembling heating equipment

When choosing a location for a rocket stove, follow some rules:

• jet heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of ​​at least 16 m²;
• Without floorboards under the stove, installation of equipment will be easier;
• It is prohibited to place wooden beams above a structure that produces heat;
• if it is assumed that the chimney will go through the ceilings, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
• the heat generator cannot be installed near the external contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
• The jet device must not be placed next to walls and partitions of wooden materials.

To make it convenient to add fuel to jet heating equipment, it is wiser to place it facing the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied space around the rocket stove.

IN small house builders advise setting aside a place for the stove in the corner. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the bed (if it is made) – in the other.

The stove stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures

Having found a suitable site for the rocket stove, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. A hole is dug under the exposed floor, the bottom of which is necessarily pressed.

Before construction work a special solution should be mixed. It consists of sand and clay combined in a 1:1 ratio. You will need enough water so that the construction raw materials have the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ of the amount of dry ingredients.

Step-by-step instructions for making it yourself

If you plan to make a rocket stove from a gas cylinder, then you don’t have to be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such construction raw materials are quite simple:

1. the upper part is cut off from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters in order to build a kind of cap;

   The balloon is cut off at the top and bottom

2. Based on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (fuel firebox);

   Dimensions in mm

3. the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been thoroughly calcined, that is, cleared of organic substances;
4. To give the structure stability, the legs are welded.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to proceed differently:

1. The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. Formwork is created along the contour of the structure being manufactured. To ensure a strong foundation, it is recommended to lay it in reinforcing mesh or metal rods;

   The platform will harden in about two days

2. The structure is filled with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden and finish the work. The bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the stove. After this, the walls of the structure are formed, placing several rows of brick blocks;
3. The lower channel of the structure is constructed, with one line of bricks laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the firebox opening open;

   Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction should be open

4. Find the body from the old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. A flange is installed at the bottom of the resulting pipe through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. The parts must be connected to each other with a continuous weld;

   Work requires accuracy

5. An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a metal brush and scrape off the rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later with paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
6. The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pit. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is installed;
7. The fire tube is laid out from refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel 18 cm high and wide is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;

   The height of the pipe is determined in advance

8. The flame tube is covered protective casing, and the resulting gaps are sealed with perlite. The lower area of ​​the vertical channel is sealed with damp clay, the function of which is to prevent spillage thermal insulation material on the floor;
9. From the boiler, on which the top and bottom have been cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
10. To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty over perlite backfill;
11. They create the facade of the stove, for which the stove contour is laid out from stone, bricks, adobe and sand. Wrong side the structures are filled with crushed stone, and the front one is filled with adobe mixture, making the surface perfectly flat;
12. A metal barrel casing is placed on the previously created base. The lower pipe of the container is directed towards the bed. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
13. A channel made of corrugated pipe is connected to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the outside atmosphere;

    At this stage the oven looks almost finished

14. A test firing of the stove is carried out, watching how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After this, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe installed on a red brick platform;
15. The stove is equipped with a smoke exhaust pipe. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with fire-resistant coating and asbestos cord;
16. Using clay and adobe, the bed is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.

    The oven functions as a whole system

Design improvement

A bench with a gas duct inside is not the only option for upgrading a rocket stove. The design can be improved with a water jacket connected to heating system, in which water circulates. It is advisable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil created from copper pipe twisting on the chimney.

This design provides even more heat

Another way to improve a jet furnace is to organize the flow of heated secondary air into the flame tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to the deposition of a large amount of soot in the primary chimney. Therefore, it is better to make sure that the drum cover can be removed if necessary.

Subtleties of operating an unconventional stove

A rocket furnace is heated in a similar way to a top combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket must be carried out according to certain rules:

• the main raw material for heating the unit must be added only after the structure has been well heated, for which purpose sawdust or paper is first placed in the blower sector and set on fire;
• they must react to the muting of the hum emanating from the stove - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the hot remains of sawdust;
• the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying the firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after some time, when the equipment makes a hum, it is closed to produce a sound similar to a rustling;
• as necessary, the damper is closed more and more, otherwise the firebox will be filled with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt the pyrolysis inside the fire tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet furnace was originally created for use in field conditions, its design is extremely simple. This allows the production of the unit to be carried out by ordinary home handyman. But, despite its apparent lightness, the rocket stove must be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will be unproductive.

• Ksenia Zubkova
• Print

Source: //legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/otoplenie/reaktivnaya-pech-svoimi-rukami.html

DIY rocket oven - instructions!

Unfortunately, in our country almost no one knows about the rocket stove. Meanwhile, such a design is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the almost complete absence of soot during operation and the high combustion temperature.

Jet stove

Rocket stove

Today we will talk about how to make a rocket oven with your own hands.

Principle of operation

Hot gases, instead of a chimney, enter a special hood, where they burn out (hence the absence of soot). At the same time, the temperature increases even more, and the pressure, on the contrary, decreases. The cycle is constantly repeated and soon the furnace reaches the combustion mode with maximum draft (the strength of the latter depends on design features and quality of installation).

Rocket stove

The temperature in the bell can reach 1200ᵒC, as a result of which all waste burns almost without residue, and the exhaust consists mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Note! Thanks to this, the chimney can be laid under the floor or through some kind of heating structure (a couch, for example, or a bench). What's more, the hot hood can be used to heat water, cook food, dry fruits, etc.

Jet furnaces

The advantages include:

• high efficiency;
• no soot;
• high temperature;
• the possibility of using cones, damp branches, dry plant stems as fuel - almost everything burns at a temperature of 1200ᵒ;
• low fuel consumption - approximately four times lower than in the standard design.

Types of rocket stoves

There are several types of rocket (or jet, as they are also called) stoves.

1. Portable structures made from tin containers (paint cans, buckets, etc.). Excellent helpers on a construction site or on a hike, which can be made in just a few hours.
2. Furnaces made of refractory bricks and metal barrels, intended for heating heat-intensive masses. They are distinguished by a horizontal chimney installed underground and an external riser to provide draft.
3. Completely brick structures are used for air-heated floors. They consist of several chimney pipes at once.

Note! Due to the complexity of implementing the third option, only the first two will be considered in this article.

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

In this case, the work traditionally begins with preparing everything necessary.

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, drawing

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

For construction you will need:

• fireclay brick;
• steel barrel 200 l;
• chimney pipe;
• metal brush;
• old barbecue;
• fire resistant paint;
• bayonet shovel;
• expanded clay;
• fittings;
• adobe;
• perlite;
• cement mortar;
• trowel. Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 2. Preparation

Step 1. A pit is dug in the floor (if possible) approximately 30-50 cm deep. This is necessary so that the level of the horizontal chimney does not rise too much.

Step 2. The steel barrel will serve as a hood for the furnace. First, the barrel is fired and cleared of soot wire brush, after which it is painted with fireproof paint.

Note! Paint is applied only after the chimney outlet flange has been installed.

Stage 3. Foundation

Step 1. Preparing the formwork for the future foundation.

Step 2. In the place where the firebox will be, several bricks are driven into the ground.

Step 3. Steel reinforcement is laid at the bottom.

Step 4. Bricks are laid level around the bottom point of the combustion chamber.

Step 5. The base is filled with concrete mortar.

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 4. Masonry

After the solution has dried, you can begin laying the rocket stove.

Note! To do this, you need to use only refractory clay.

Step 1. On the first tier, the masonry rises up, leaving only a hole for the combustion chamber.

Step 2. At the second level, the lower channel of the furnace is formed.

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Step 3. On the third, the channel is covered with masonry so that there are two holes - for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel.

Note! The bricks do not need to be hewn after laying - they will still have to be hidden with adobe and expanded clay.

Step 4. Preparation for laying the vertical channel. In addition to the barrel itself, this will require an old water heater of approximately 150 liters.

A flange is built into the barrel to connect the chimney. It is also advisable to install a tee here for cleaning the chimney.

Step 5. The ascending part of the structure is placed using the “boot” method. The internal cross-section of this part should be approximately 18 cm.

Step 6. A piece of water heater is placed on the ascending part, and the voids between the walls are filled with perlite. The upper part of the perlite is sealed with fireclay clay.

Step 7. The base of the furnace is lined with bags filled with sand, the base of the casing is coated with clay. The voids between the bags and the body are filled with expanded clay, after which the base is finished with the same clay.

Step 8. The chimney is connected, an inverted steel barrel is placed on the ascending part.

Step 9. A test run of the furnace is carried out, after which the barrel is painted with fire-resistant paint.

Making a reaction furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, diagram

Stage 5. Chimney lining

Step 1. The chimney is lined with sandbags and filled with expanded clay.

Step 2. The structure is given the appropriate shape using fireclay clay.

Note! A rocket stove requires a large amount of oxygen during operation, so it is recommended to install an air duct from the street.

All that remains is to install the old barbecue in the neck of the firebox and close it with a lid. The seams are sealed with clay. That's it, the brick rocket oven is ready for use.

A stove-bed built on the principle of a rocket stove

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, diagram

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, foundation

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove-bed, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Making a camping and garden stove

In this design, as in the one described above, the operating principle is to isolate the fire and direct the thermal energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Preparing everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket stove you will need:

• two tin containers of different diameters;
• a couple of corners;
• steel clamps ø10 cm;
• pipe from of stainless steel for chimney;
• fine crushed stone;
• Bulgarian;
• metal scissors. Making a camping and garden stove Making a camping and garden stove Making a camping and garden stove In the second bucket - the lower part of the rocket stove, we cut a hole for the pipe. We cut the metal into petals and bend it inside the bucket. for dishes From wire we bend the burner for dishes We heat the rocket stove

Stage 2. Assembling the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the cover is not removed). In this case, it is better to bend the “petals” inward - this way the pipe will be fixed more securely.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut in the bottom of another container to connect the firebox. The tin is cut into “petals” with scissors and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a couple of corners. The pipe is then inserted into the bucket and connected there to the “petals” using a steel clamp. That's it, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the direct flow and the walls of the bucket is filled with fine crushed stone. The latter will perform two functions in the design at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is placed on the jet stove.

Step 6. A hotplate is bent from steel wire.

Note! Instead of a burner, you can install three bricks.

Step 7. All that remains is to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, the direct flow outlet pipe will be used.

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet stove, kindling

Operating rules for rocket stoves

Rocket stoves, as well as other long-burning designs, need to be launched onto a warm pipe. And if for the second version of the stove this is not so important, then for the first, a cold chimney will only lead to wasted burning of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs to be preheated - heated with sawdust, paper, etc.

It is also worth noting that the jet stove is unable to self-adjust, so at first the vent opens completely, and closes only after the structure begins to hum strongly. Subsequently, the availability of oxygen gradually decreases.

About the rocket stove in the bathhouse

Jet wood stove with deck chair

Many people are probably interested in the question: is it possible to use a jet stove in a bathhouse? It would seem that it is possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.

In reality, such a design is not suitable for a bathhouse. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after some time, the air. For the latter, the oven must be a center of convection and thermal radiation (IR). This is the problem - in a rocket furnace, convection is clearly distributed, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.

DIY rocket oven

conclusions

Be that as it may, today in the manufacture of rocket stoves there is more intuition than real accurate calculations, therefore, this is an almost limitless field for creativity.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video instructions for making a rocket stove.

– Do-it-yourself jet stove

Source: //svoimi-rykami.ru/stroitelstvo-doma/pechi_i_mangaly/pech-raketa-svoimi-rukami.html

DIY long-burning brick rocket stove: drawing, instructions, photo

A rocket stove made of long-burning bricks, despite its simplicity of design, can solve a number of problems for owners of dachas and private houses. These include not only heating and cooking functions, but also the creation original interior and comfort in the room.

Principle of operation

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas during combustion, which has a high level of heat transfer during combustion.

In conventional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe along with the gas, where it cools and settles on the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, gases move more slowly, do not have time to cool, but burn out, releasing a large number of heat.

In jet models heating devices complex design heated air and gas pass through a series of internal channels. Then they move to the upper part of the body, under the hob, where it burns completely. For such a rocket there is no need for additional boost. The draft in them is created by the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the upward flow.

Principle of operation

This diagram shows the operating principle of a rocket stove with a stove bench

Advantages and disadvantages

Long combustion rocket stoves have the following advantages:

• high efficiency - at least 85%;
• high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
• absence of soot - the exhaust during fuel combustion does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
• possibility of functioning on solid fuel any kind;
• low consumption - the fuel consumption of a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than a conventional stove under equal conditions: combustion time and heating temperature;
• the possibility of installing a warm bed;
• Duration of heat retention in a well-heated structure without adding fuel - up to 12 hours.

This stove has many advantages, but there are also disadvantages

The disadvantages include:

• manual method of controlling a heating device - fuel burns out quickly and requires regular reporting;
• the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens owners with burns in case of accidental contact;
• the heating speed does not allow the use of a rocket stove for baths;
• the aesthetic component of such a device is not for everyone and is not suitable for every interior;
• danger of entry carbon monoxide to living rooms.

Materials

Do-it-yourself building materials for the construction of a long-burning rocket stove are selected depending on the calorific value of the fuel. For laying the main part of the building, simple red stove bricks are usually used. The firebox and combustion bunker are lined with fireclay bricks.

If you plan to use high-calorie fuel (for example, coal), then refractory bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. The masonry elements are fastened with an aqueous solution of a mixture of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of design for a long-burning rocket stove, you will need to buy stove accessories:

• blower;
• grates;
• firebox doors;
• intermediate cap;
• chimney pipe.

Tools

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of tools for work, which should consist of:

• trowels for scooping and distributing the solution. It is more convenient to work with a tool with the handle moved slightly to the side;
• picks or hammers - picks for trimming individual parts of brick;
• grinders with a diamond blade for sawing whole blocks into quarters and halves;
• mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
• twisted cord - moorings;
• building level;
• square and tape measure;
• shovels.

You also need to stock up on two containers for preparing the solution, concrete and a metal mesh for sifting the ingredients.

How to do it yourself?

Before you make a rocket stove, you need to decide on the location of its installation, the dimensions of the future design, and develop a diagram. The masonry technology itself is quite simple; any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket furnace can be built from 20 bricks per summer cottage and use it to heat food brought from home.

Selecting a location

Before starting construction, the first thing is to choose a location. Brick kilns rocket type is recommended to be placed closer to front door. In this case, after cleaning, the ash will not need to be carried across the entire room, which will have a positive effect on the overall dustiness of the room.

It is also desirable that at the point where the pipe exits there are no rafters located closer to the chimney than 40 cm. And yet, the stove should not be adjacent to the external wall of the house, so that expensive heat is not lost to heating the street.

Preparation of the solution

Cement mortar under influence high temperatures It will crack quickly, so for laying brick heating devices, only a solution consisting of clay and sand is used.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay must be soaked, strained, and then sand must be added. The resulting solution should have a consistency similar to thick sour cream. You can check its viscosity level in the following way:

• place a wooden stick or trowel handle into the mixture;
• remove the tool and shake well;
• check the thickness of the adhering layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm add sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required thickness can fill all the unevenness of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Laying a rocket furnace of 20 bricks

Ordering a rocket stove for 20 bricks

Example of a brick rocket stove

Laying a rocket stove with a stove bench

A brick rocket stove, even equipped with a stove bench, has small sizes. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without using metal products. Only the doors will be made of iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it a more rounded shape.

Row No.	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of the masonry	Drawing
1	62	Forming the base of the furnace	(click to enlarge)
2	44	Formation of the base of channels for heating the bed along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast iron door
3	44	Repeating the outline of the second row
4	59	Complete channel blocking. Beginning of the formation of a vertical smoke channel and firebox
5	60	Construction of a bed	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of the laying of the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Formation of a smoke channel	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	Beginning of laying the chimney pipe. This is where the channel begins, through which the air from the hob will fall down to move to the stove bench
13	10	Completion of the formation of the surface for the hob. Laying an asbestos pad, which is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney channel and forming a low wall between the stove bench and the hob.

After completing the masonry work, the homemade rocket stove must be dried, carefully, heating at low intensity. First, no more than 20% of the required amount of firewood is placed in the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30 - 40 minutes.

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until it outside surface will not remove damp stains. Depending on the size of the device, drying may take from three to eight days. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in summer.

Accelerating drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Finished look

You need to launch a brick rocket stove only when the chimney is warm. For a small device, this property is not so significant, and a larger oven is cold pipe It's just a waste of wood.

Therefore, to bake a rocket before loading the fuel quota after a long break in operation, you need to heat it with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a ash pit with the door open. When the hum in the stove decreases in pitch or subsides, then you can load all the fuel into the firebox; it should ignite by itself from the existing fire.

A rocket stove with a stove bench is not a completely self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the fire, the standard amount of fuel blower door left in the open position. After the stove begins to hum strongly, it is covered until the sound emitted is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to heat the stove; wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the required temperature, which can lead to reverse draft.

Conclusion

The brick jet stove is becoming an increasingly popular heating device for small buildings, both temporary and permanent residence. This is explained by the simplicity of execution, low cost of material, long battery life and high heat transfer of this design.