How to make wall blocks yourself. Machine tools and equipment. Cinder blocks

Cinder block is a fairly cheap material for the construction of low-rise buildings. In addition, you can build a building from cinder blocks with your own hands, without resorting to the help of specialists. To reduce the cost of such blocks, they resort to the independent manufacture of cinder blocks.

The cinder block is made at home only if it is planned to build a garage or other outbuilding. If it is planned to build a residential building, then it is better to buy a cinder block, or use, for example, foam concrete.

For small building you can build a mold for the manufacture of material with your own hands. For serial production, it is necessary to acquire a special machine designed for the manufacture of blocks.

It is preferable to make a mold for cinder blocks from metal

To make a block with your own hands, the first step is to draw up drawings of the form and equipment. Usually, the mold for the material is designed so that the output is a block of standard sizes. But you can also make the block both larger and smaller, depending on the type of building and the goals pursued.

Necessary materials for work:

wooden or metal form for the preparation of material;
necessary components for mixing the composition;
concrete mixer (can be self-made);
a warehouse for storing cinder blocks, which prevents water from entering the material;
vibrating table (it is possible without it);
vibrating machine (for making a large number cinder blocks).

How to make a block shape?

In production, the molds are made of iron or steel so that they can handle large volumes of mortar, up to several tons. For the production of such blocks with your own hands, you can use wooden form . In fact, the formwork should be obtained, into which the cinder block mixture will be poured.

thickness must be taken into account wooden sheets when measuring, so that the dimensions of the future cinder block are inner part forms.

Usually, to make it more convenient to remove the cinder block, the shape is made without a bottom, placing a film under the bottom. But it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the base is even, however, like the wooden parts. A flat table can act as a surface, concrete surface or iron sheet.

For erection bearing walls hollow blocks are used, for which purpose bottles are used that form voids, they are pre-filled with water so that they do not float out of the solution.

Composition of the mixture

To learn how to make a cinder block yourself, you need to know what is included in the mixture.

The mixture for cinder blocks has the following composition:

cement;
water;
sand;
slag components.

In fact, almost any construction waste is thrown into the mixture for cinder blocks, which is not entirely correct.

For the manufacture of cinder blocks with their own hands the following proportions must be adhered to:

7 parts of slag;
3 parts sand;
1 part cement;
1 part water.

For the manufacture of blocks, cement grade M-400 is usually used. Of course, it is better to use cement M-500. In this case, it can be used 10-15% less.

What blocks can be made from?

Making blocks with your own hands saves money. Cement, of course, will have to be purchased at the store, but the rest of the components can be obtained for free. Water and sand are natural elements that are easy to get. Slag components can be obtained from almost any construction waste:

wood sawdust;
brick fight;
glass break;
ash;
rubble waste;
battle of hardened cement mortar;
metallurgical waste.

As you can see, slag components can also be obtained for free.

How to make cinder blocks yourself?

Material manufacturing process:

The necessary components are laid in the concrete mixer in the indicated proportions. The mixture is prepared in the same way as the usual concrete mix for building a foundation.
The mixture is poured into a pre-prepared form. After pouring, it must be compacted. In mass production, this is done using a special vibrating machine. But in his absence, this can be done by tapping with an ordinary hammer on top of the mold. This is necessary so that the mixture is properly compacted and fills all the voids in the form, and also that all air bubbles come out. After all, the more air is contained inside the block, the less its strength becomes.
For the formation of voids, it is necessary to put glass bottles pre-filled with water. Usually 2 bottles are used for one block, which are placed evenly over the entire base of the mixture.

Ready-made cinder blocks are usually removed from the molds after 2-4 days. The material will fully harden after 28 days., only then the blocks can be used in construction. In order to prevent cracking of the resulting cinder blocks at the time of hardening, they must be periodically moistened with water, especially if drying occurs in hot weather.

Voids in the block do not reduce its strength, but increase thermal insulation and sound absorption

Manufacturing equipment

The method described above is considered low-cost. It is useful for those who want to build a small outbuilding. If it is planned to mass-produce cinder blocks, special equipment is needed, the price of which may vary according to some indicators.

The equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks is a vibrating machine. Prices per piece for it are completely different, and may differ in a number of ways:

manufacturer;
power;
performance.

Blocks during drying are not recommended to be placed on top of each other, but only after complete drying.

The quality of the structure directly depends on the quality of the cinder blocks, so the process of their manufacture must be approached very responsibly. It is necessary to keep drawings, observe safety precautions and be competent in mixing the mixture, and in observing the necessary proportions.

Price

One block with dimensions 188x190x390 costs from 22 to 65 rubles, depending on a number of indicators. But if you learn how to make cinder blocks at home, then the material can be obtained even cheaper. The only thing you have to spend money on is the equipment and materials necessary for the manufacture of cinder blocks.

Conclusion

In order to make cinder blocks yourself, you do not need to be a professional and undergo training. The process of making blocks is very simple. If you plan to build a small outbuilding, then there is no need to buy material, you can make it yourself even without special equipment.

If you plan to build a large building, for example, a house with several floors, in this case you will need special equipment capable of producing dozens of blocks per hour. Thus, you can increase the speed of construction.

How do-it-yourself cinder blocks are made at home is clear from the video:

Homemade machine for the production of building blocks with your own hands

The modern building materials market offers a wide range of wall blocks. But not everyone knows that to reduce the cost of building a private house, cottage, garage or utility room is quite real. Instead of buying a brick or cinder block, it is enough to start making them yourself. To do this, you need to use a machine for the production of blocks, and if the budget does not allow, make a vibrocompression machine yourself.

Inexpensive factory models of vibrating machines do not differ high performance, but for private use this is not required. True, buy a machine for construction small house, where about a thousand blocks of a standard size are required, it will not be entirely profitable. Therefore, as an option, you can consider renting equipment for a certain period. This will be enough for the procurement of building materials for the future.

Factory machine for making building blocks with your own hands

Varieties of building blocks

Brick is still the main material in the construction of high-rises, but for low-rise construction it is cheaper to use other building materials. If you exclude wood, which is now expensive, the choice will still be varied. Modern wall materials are made from:

foam concrete;
slag concrete;
aerated concrete;
expanded clay concrete.

Block characteristics comparison table

As a filler for cinder blocks, a variety of and sometimes exotic materials are used, which are waste products: screenings, glass and brick cullet, sawdust, wood chips.

Let's first consider how expanded clay blocks and cinder blocks are made independently, as the most budgetary among all the above building materials.

DIY claydite blocks

If there are no problems with expanded clay in your region, you can consider that you are lucky: expanded clay concrete, despite its cheapness, is rarely found on sale, but this construction material characterized by a whole range of positive properties. For the manufacture of expanded clay blocks you will need:

actually expanded clay;
cement;
sand;
water.

The main material for creating the mixture will be expanded clay of fine fraction

When mixing the solution, it is important to follow a certain sequence: expanded clay is added to the water, then cement, and finally sand. The proportions of the solution are as follows: for nine liters of water, use 54 kg of expanded clay, 9 kg of cement and 27 kg of sand. You will get a mixture weighing about 100 kilograms, with the output of finished blocks in the amount of 9-10 pieces.

Manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete blocks

If it is not possible to use a specialized machine (such equipment is not cheap), expanded clay concrete can be produced on a non-industrial scale using special matrices. You will also need an appropriate container for the solution, a flat platform and formwork made of wood or metal in the shape of the letter "E".

To reduce temporary losses and reduce labor costs will allow a concrete mixer - standard equipment in the builder's arsenal. With a shortage of time, the problem is solved by using a vibrating machine; a simple model of such a machine can be made independently.

To do this, it is enough to attach a low-power, but high-speed electric motor to the form, which is turned into a full-fledged vibrator with the help of an eccentric. Matrix oscillations force the mixture to be distributed in the form as densely and evenly as possible, improving strength characteristics. finished products. Vibrating presses manufactured in the factory have maximum productivity: professional machines are equipped with additional equipment that allows you to automate the process, eliminating the heavy manual labor. But such vibropressing machines cost a lot.

Do-it-yourself cinder block production

Expanded clay - beautiful and inexpensive material for the manufacture of building blocks, but an even more economical way of building is to use cinder blocks. Possessing comparable characteristics in terms of sound and heat insulation, slag concrete is made from materials whose cost is an order of magnitude lower.

The industry is not interested in producing cinder block building material - it is more economically profitable to produce expensive analogues ( building blocks from foam concrete, aerated concrete, brick). But there is special equipment for the formation of cinder blocks on sale, and a lot. The range of prices for such vibrating machines is huge: from simple models with a static matrix, which can be assembled in garage conditions from improvised materials, to fully automated lines.

Cinder block: manufacturing technology

A modern cinder block has dimensions of 188x190x390 mm, a full-bodied building material is characterized by sufficient strength for arranging foundations and multi-storey construction, hollow ones are used in all other cases. The voids can be round, rectangular or square in shape, the number varies from one to 8-10 voids, the voidness index lies in the range of 25-50%. Practically not inferior in terms of strength to monolithic products, hollow cinder blocks can save almost twice as much expensive cement.

For quick and high-quality mixing of the mixture, it is advisable to use a construction concrete mixer

The filler during production can be:

coal slag;
fine gravel;
screening of crushed stone;
sand;
brick waste;
glass battle;
ash;
perlite;
gypsum;
sawdust;
wood chip.

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When mixing the solution, the proportions will depend on the composition of the filler. The main condition is that the finished solution does not spread. Cement in the production of slag concrete is used grade not lower than M400, to improve operational properties finished product, plasticizers can be added to the solution.

DIY portable cinder block making machine

Reference point at independent production a factory recipe can serve as a solution for cinder blocks: for seven parts of blast-furnace slag - two parts of coarse sand, one and a half parts of cement and up to three parts of water. The way to check if the consistency of the solution meets the requirements is simple: we throw a handful on the ground, it should crumble. If you collect the solution and squeeze it in a fist, it should return to the shape of a ball.

It is not necessary to focus on standard dimensions: making blocks with your own hands is an individual process, and many prefer to set up production using multiple mold sizes (for example, 200x200x400 mm), which simplifies interfacing with others structural elements buildings under construction.

Preparation of cinder blocks without special equipment

In the presence of free time and the inability to make the simplest vibrating machine for the production of cinder concrete, it is advisable to use a form, the walls and bottom of which are boards or sheet metal. It is preferable to use one matrix for the manufacture of several cinder blocks, at least in order to save materials. Bottles, scraps of metal pipes, wooden cylinders or bars can be used to form voids in the mold for pouring the solution.

Manual machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks at home

The procedure itself is simple: we prepare the solution, pour the cinder concrete into the molds, level it, removing the excess. After a day, the blocks can be carefully removed by laying them out to dry on a horizontal surface. To protect against cracking and wetting finished material during drying, cover the cinder block stacks with plastic wrap.

Use homemade cinder blocks can be a month after their manufacture. This moment should be taken into account and deal with the manufacture of building materials in advance.

We make a vibropressing machine

Adding to the above production scheme, slag concrete, vibrator, provides an opportunity to significantly improve the quality of products and at the same time speed up the process.

It is not difficult to assemble such a machine; subject to all recommendations, this equipment will work no worse than factory analogues. The simplest option vibropressing machine involves the use of a homemade matrix, a vibrator and a hand press. To reduce physical stress hand press can be improved by using a lever system.

Drawing homemade machine with a vibration motor for the manufacture of cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks

A set of tools and materials necessary for the manufacture of a vibrating machine with a metal mold:

welding machine;
Bulgarian,
a set of keys;
vise;
sheet metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm;
pipes for creating voids with a diameter of 8-10 mm;
channel, strips of metal;
low-power electric motor (up to 1 kW);
connecting elements (bolts, nuts, cotter pins).

The main element of the machine for making blocks with your own hands is a matrix, the dimensions and shape of which are selected based on production needs.

The sequence of actions in the manufacture of a homemade vibrating machine:

Bulgarian from sheet material cut out the walls of the matrix. If the form is intended for the manufacture of several block products, we provide for the presence in the matrix of the corresponding number of partitions.
We cut off the required number of blanks from the pipe (at the rate of 3 pieces per brick), the height of which should be 3-5 mm less than the height of the matrix. The taper of the pipes is achieved by using next appointment: cut the pipe to half and compress the workpiece in a vice (for thick-walled pipes, you can use a lathe).

Drawing for the manufacture of a machine with lightweight extrusion of building blocks

Each section of the pipe is welded tightly on both sides.
We weld the plates to the pipes, connecting them together. For fastening to the walls, it is better to provide a removable connection, which will allow, if necessary, to remove the limiters for the production of monolithic cinder blocks.
Using welding, we fix the bolts for mounting the electric motor on the long outer wall.
We weld a metal apron on top of the mold.
We make the press in the form of a thick-walled plate, we provide for the presence of holes with a diameter slightly larger than the smaller diameter of the restrictor pipes (so that the press enters the matrix at a distance of no more than 50 mm).
We weld handles to the press.
We install the motor. We weld an eccentric onto the motor shaft (ordinary bolts are suitable as a material for the eccentric, which are welded parallel to the shaft and leave room for tightening the nuts, which will allow you to adjust the amplitude of oscillations).
We carefully clean the device, polish the surfaces, paint a home-made unit for blocks.

We make cinder blocks

It is desirable to prepare the solution using a concrete mixer: the presence of coarse-grained fillers in the composition of the solution makes it difficult to obtain a high-quality mixture manually. Before pouring the cinder concrete into the matrix, the wall surfaces must be lubricated with machine oil or a similar product. This will prevent the solution from sticking to the walls of the matrix.

Pour the mixture into the mold, press down with a press and at the same time turn on the vibrator. After 10-20 seconds, the solution will thicken and shrink, so add the mixture to the matrix and repeat the procedure without turning off the vibrator until the pressure plate drops to the level of the limiters.

Depending on weather conditions, it is possible to get cinder blocks out of the mold both the next day and after three days. Next, the material is laid out for natural drying for a month.

As you can see, the main difficulty of production wall materials is to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands in compliance with the required precautions (cotter threaded connections, grounding the electrical part of the installation). Super-productivity should not be expected from such a unit, but some design improvement will facilitate the production of cinder blocks: a simple lever system can be provided for pressing down the press. By welding wheels to the carrier frame, you can get a mobile version of the device (the so-called "laying hen").

The purchase of factory machines equipped with additional equipment for automating the production of cinder concrete products will provide an opportunity to organize your own small business. On such professional equipment it is possible to produce not only block products. Interchangeable dies will allow you to form paving slabs, curbs, decorative elements- in fact, any analogues of concrete products.

Homemade machines cannot boast of such versatility, but for individual construction this is not required.

On the site: Author and editor of articles on the site site
Education and work experience: Higher technical education. Experience in various industries and construction sites - 12 years, of which 8 years - abroad.
Other skills and abilities: Has the 4th group of the admission on electrical safety. Performing calculations using large data arrays.
Current employment: For the last 4 years he has been acting as an independent consultant in a number of construction companies.

Cinder blocks are a popular building material from which buildings and structures are erected. for various purposes. Since they are easy to make at home, cinder block machines are in rather high demand. If you have free time and desire, then you can try to build this equipment yourself.

The popularity of cinder blocks (as well as foam blocks, by the way) is in their unique composition, and machines for the manufacture of cinder blocks not only make it possible to obtain high-quality building materials with limited funds, but also make it possible to produce them for sale. For many, the production of cinder blocks has become a profitable activity that brings tangible income.

Cement;
Granular slag (which is a foundry waste);
Special fillers.

The result is blocks that are distinguished by high sound and heat insulation performance.

Making a mold for cinder block

On the network you can find drawings of a machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks of varying complexity, according to which it can be built with your own hands. These devices allow you to get both hollow and solid blocks. The simplest device is a collapsible form without a vibrator.

This form is used concrete mortar with high water content. It is also called "soft".

The sequence of obtaining blocks in a simple form

Filling the mold box or matrix with concrete;
Keeping the solution in the form until setting (several hours);
Disassembly of the form - the block comes in a free state.

Advice. It is convenient to form voids in blocks using champagne bottles, which fit well in size and do not break because they have thick walls.

The sides and bottoms of these molds can be made from metal plates or plywood sheets. Before pouring the solution into the mold, it should be lubricated with used machine oil.

Homemade machines with a vibrating device

Vibrating machines for the manufacture of cinder blocks are more advanced equipment. Getting blocks on them is faster and more convenient, since you do not need to wait for the mortar to set. In this case, the concrete solution is prepared more rigid and thick, it should have a slight shrinkage.

Technically, this is done in two ways:

using a vibrating table;

equipping the mold itself with an engine, on the shaft of which an eccentric with a displaced center of gravity is installed.

An eccentric machine is more convenient for the production of large quantities of material, since it allows you to get finished block in one pass without turning over.

Homemade machine according to the "laying hen" scheme

The given drawing of the machine for the manufacture of cinder block is one of the most simple.

Its design includes the following main elements:

molding box - matrix (it has no bottom);
vibrator on the side wall;
drawer handles designed for easy removal without damaging the shape of the impression;
replaceable sets of pressure plates;
void formers for various forms of voids.

The current standard provides fixed dimensions one such block 39 x 19 x 18.8 cm. In this case, the voidage should not exceed 30% .

Matrix manufacturing

Sheet metal is taken (from 3 mm);
A shape is cut out of the sheet according to the size of one block (5 cm is added to the indicated dimensions for tamping);
A through box is formed (the bottom is missing);

Important. It is necessary to weld the sheets from the outside, this will prevent the violation of the correct geometry.

Special strips welded from the ends give the box greater stability. For this, they are used profile pipes with a small section;
Upholstery is performed on the base of the matrix with sheet rubber, which will serve to protect the lower edges of the matrix from deformation;
An apron is formed for edging, which will prevent the solution from spilling when filling the form;
Handles are attached.

Machine diagram

The following is precise drawing machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks with the exact dimensions. voids can be formed various shapes(rectangular or round).

Important. The path former must have a conical shape, which will allow you to easily remove the matrix from the raw cinder block.

Round pipes are well suited for the manufacture of a void former. A conical shape with this workpiece can be given using a lathe.

The vibrator is made from a small power electric motor. For this, for example, a motor from washing machine power in 150 - 200 W. Center shifting is performed as follows.

An eccentric is attached to the engine axis, which can be made from a metal bar with an asymmetrically located hole. Dimensions, weight and shape must be determined experimentally. If the eccentric is too large, then the vibration will be excessive, as a result of which the concrete cast will fall apart.

This design can be improved by installing a mobile platform with levers. This will make it easier to lift and move around the area of the machine with the vibration shrink unit.

Stages of the cinder block manufacturing process

The formation of blocks is carried out in special forms, which are pre-wetted. They contain a solution. Forms are placed on a vibrating plate, which is switched on for a few seconds (5 - 7 s);
As the solution settles, it must be added. When the vibrating plate is switched on again, it is necessary to wait for the full lowering of the clamp on the limiters. This will show that the formation is complete. After 5 - 10 seconds (even before the motor stops completely), the form should be removed;
Finished blocks must be dried. This process takes from a week to a month. Drying time depends on conditions (humidity, temperature, etc.);
The above equipment allows, when working together, to perform up to seventy blocks per hour. If the amount is small, then the solution can be kneaded by hand. However, a concrete mixer allows you to get more quality material and end product
After the cinder blocks have dried, they can be used to build walls - it is not difficult to build from blocks. At the same time, it is necessary to comply simple rules- the first two weeks the blocks are watered;
After that, they should be covered with a double layer of plaster from the outside. This will prevent the slag from being washed away by rain. In a year, the material will disappear harmful substances and after that you can go to interior decoration and roofing work.

Cinder block - an artificial wall stone made from a mixture of slag and cement, designed for erecting walls of one-story buildings. It is also used as an additional insulation in construction. frame houses. The production of this material is possible at home on your own. It is not recommended to make only foundation panels yourself. The requirements for the reliability of the foundation of the building are very high, so it is better not to save money and buy ready-made elements.

There are such varieties:

full-bodied - have the greatest strength, are designed for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions, cladding;
hollow with a degree of voidness of 40% - they have higher heat and sound insulating properties due to the presence of cavities inside, they are cheaper, but inferior in strength due to the thinness of the walls;
hollow with a degree of voidness from 25 to 30% - have optimal proportions in terms of thermal conductivity and strength, the most popular.

Depending on the thickness of the blocks are:

wall - standard size 390 x 190 x 188 mm;
partition walls - 390 x 90 x 188 mm.

At self-manufacturing dimensions can be arbitrary, a prerequisite is the stability of dimensions.

Specifications

Cinder blocks have a relatively low thermal conductivity - from 0.20 to 0.65 W / m3 (better than that of a brick). Due to this, they are often used not only as a structural material, but also as a heater.
Density - from 750 to 1450 kg/m3. It differs from all other types in high strength - brand from M35 to M125. The parameter must be taken into account when designing communications, as it is difficult to cut.
Frost resistance is up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles without visible damage.

Advantages:

low price;
availability and variety of materials for manufacturing, the possibility of obtaining products with the required set of parameters suitable for specific purposes;
benefits for the environment - due to the use of waste from the metallurgical industry (slag), as well as the breakage of brick and concrete remaining during the demolition of old buildings, the number of construction waste dumps is reduced;
fire resistance;
is not a favorable environment for the development of fungi, mold, is not subject to damage by rodents;
ease of installation of walls.

Flaws:

very high degree of hygroscopicity - it strongly absorbs moisture from the air, reliable lining on both sides is required;
the presence of substances hazardous to health (sulfur) - for their complete weathering, the blocks are kept for outdoors at least a year, upon purchase, it is necessary to check the environmental safety certificate;
due to the need for high-quality waterproofing, cladding, the total cost of the building is slightly lower than when using more expensive building materials, significant savings are obtained only when made by hand.

From slag concrete, auxiliary, household, industrial premises, garages.

About block slag

This is a silicate metal processing waste, it is sifted through a sieve. Slag from incineration various kinds solid fuel(coal, firewood), contains radioactive components, so it is not used for the construction of residential premises.

Slag types:

granulated (granulated slag);
non-granulated.

For the manufacture of building blocks, the largest fraction of granular waste is selected, smaller (non-granular) are used for asphalt production, paving slabs. The price for 1 ton of material is from 100 rubles. Distinguish between non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy waste (blast furnace), the second option is preferable, since those obtained during the processing of non-ferrous metals are more expensive.

The composition of the mixture to obtain blocks

As a binder, cement grade not lower than M400 is selected. The filler either consists entirely of slag, or mixed - crushed stone (admissibly secondary), ordinary or expanded clay sand, fine expanded clay, crushed brick are added in a small ratio. Proportions for cinder blocks: for 8-9 parts of filler, 1.5-2 parts of binder. If cement grade M500, then it can be taken about 15% less than M400.

Slag usually makes up at least 65% of the aggregate volume. For example, out of 9 parts, at least 6 fall on it, the rest is supplemented with sand, gravel. But it is theoretically possible to use brick or concrete battle, screenings for do-it-yourself production. Regardless of the type of material, it is customary to conditionally call such products slag concrete. Classic proportions: 2 parts sand, 2 parts crushed stone, 7 parts slag, 2 parts M400 Portland cement.

Water is added in a ratio of about 0.5 parts. The finished mixture is semi-dry. To check the quality, a handful is thrown onto a hard surface. If the lump crumbled, but when compressed, it easily regains its previous shape, then the composition is suitable for use.

To obtain a colored block, colored chalk or crushed brick chips are added. To increase the strength, professional plasticizers are introduced. Sometimes gypsum, sawdust, ash are added as a partial replacement for slag.

It is better to mix the components in a concrete mixer or mixer, but such equipment is expensive. A small amount is kneaded by hand, the process is laborious.

Cinder block production technology

They are made in two ways:

manually - the quality of finished products is low, uneven, but generally meets the requirements of standards;
vibration casting, using a vibrating table or a vibrating machine - they are more durable.

In large volumes, they are made by vibrocompression. The equipment for this method is expensive, so for home production does not fit. The room should be well ventilated, with a flat hard floor. This necessary condition for drying and storage.

Regardless of the method chosen, the prepared mixture is first placed in special rectangular frames. They are made of plastic wooden planks or metal sheets, necessarily collapsible and without a bottom - for easy extraction. For the same purpose, before pouring, the walls are lubricated with grease or soapy water. It is more convenient to use formwork from several cells (usually from 4 to 6). In the manufacture of wood, boards with absolutely smooth surface, otherwise, when stripping, knots and irregularities will cling.

Hollow formers are additionally attached to the bottom of the mold for hollow blocks - cylindrical or rectangular made of metal or wood. Instead of them, you can put glass bottles, after the mixture has solidified, they are taken out.

2. Do-it-yourself machine.

A simple ready-made machine for cinder blocks costs from 6,500 rubles. But if you want and have a set necessary tools and its details are easy to make at home on your own.

Procedure:

From four steel sheets 3-4 mm thick, weld a rectangular shape without a bottom with internal dimension 390x190x190 mm.
Along the perimeter of the top of the box, weld a steel strip-side.
Weld guides to the lower parts of the short sides for easy removal and movement of the machine.
cut out metal pipe round section with a diameter of about 6 cm, three parts of equal length.
Install the segments in a vertical position in a row along one line at a distance of about 4 cm from each other and connect them by welding or gluing jumpers between them. To the outer sides of the extreme pipes, also attach jumpers for connection with the walls. The exact dimensions of all parts depend on the diameter of the void formers and the length of the box.
Close the pipes from above with plugs. Insert the pipe structure into the mold and attach.
Install height limiters on the inner walls of the box.
Attach handles to the short sides.
From the fifth steel sheet, cut out the clamping cover. During the production of blocks, it is put on the void formers so that they protrude. Therefore, in the cover there should be slots for pipes and jumpers between them, larger by 1-2 mm in size.
From above, weld two U-shaped handles to the received part. They are installed along the short sides of the cover vertically.
Attach to one of the long sides of the mold with bolts or welded studs a site vibrator motor. Since its cost is relatively high and it is difficult to obtain it, it is possible to use a two-shaft motor from washing machine. TO homemade engine attach balancers.

3. Manufacture of cinder blocks by hand.

Spread on a flat surface or floor polyethylene film. Put greased molds on it.
Prepare the mixture according to the recommended proportions.
Sort it into shapes. For hollow blocks, insert bottles (if there are no void formers).
Level the surface, remove excess mortar.
Remove the bottles after 5 hours.
After 24 hours, get the blocks.
Lay out on a flat horizontal surface.
After a week, fold in several rows and leave to dry for another 21 days. During the drying process, they are covered with a film. Optimal conditions- air temperature from +20 to +25°C, no direct sunlight.

If there is a vibrating table, the molds are placed on its surface. Vibration is turned on for about a minute. The exact time is best determined empirically by making test bricks. Exceeding the exposure time to vibration leads to poor quality. Then the structures with the compacted mixture are removed from the table and treated in the same way as with hand made(see paragraphs 5-8 of the instructions).

4. Do-it-yourself production of cinder blocks at home on a vibrating machine.

Manufacturing scheme using a simple machine:

Lay out pieces of plywood or OSB measuring 500x300 mm on the floor. They will serve as substrates for the blocks.
Install the machine on the first sheet of plywood.
Prepare the composition, observing the recommended proportions.
Fill in the form.
Turn on the engine for 20-30 s (for a more accurate determination of the optimal time for the vibrator to act on cinder concrete, it is recommended to make test bricks and evaluate their strength, uniformity of the finished material).
Turn off the vibration - the mixture settles a few centimeters, fill the box to the top again. Turn on the motor and press the cover. It should rest against the height limiters on the inner walls.
After turning off the vibration, remove the machine from the block and move it to the next substrate.
Repeat all steps on each prepared plywood sheet.

The terms of readiness and drying conditions are the same as for manual production.