Life modern man unthinkable without plumbing. But often the owners of both apartments and summer cottages different reasons faced with the problem of insufficient pressure in the system. This can bring a lot of inconvenience, because household appliances - a washing machine and dishwasher, a boiler, a geyser, stop working at low water pressure. It happens that water may not flow to the upper floors of skyscrapers at all. In private houses, this problem can occur if the system is based on a storage tank and water flows by gravity.
To solve the problem low pressure there are two ways. You can install a pumping station, but this method is not at all cheap. It will be easier and cheaper to install a boost pump.
1 Characteristics and principle of operation
Plumbing in multi-storey and private houses includes several basic structures and elements. The main one is the pipeline.
One of the important parameters of water supply is the pressure in the system. European water pressure standards are 4-5 atmospheres. This minimum comes from necessary requirements plumbing fixtures. For example, at pressures below 2 atmospheres washing machine won't even start. For various showers, whirlpools require a pressure of 4 atmospheres. And for hydromassage devices, even higher parameters are needed.
However, pressures above 7 atmospheres can seriously damage water supply network. Therefore, the water pressure in the system must be within the required limits and be stable.
2 Types of pumps
Devices for increasing the pressure in the pipeline are various designs and may differ significantly from each other. By purpose and type of design, booster pumps are divided into two groups.
2.1 Circulating
circulation pumps. This is a standard booster. It promotes the circulation of water in the pipes, which is why it is called circulation. The mechanism has small size and compact. It cuts into a certain part of the water supply to increase the pressure and speed of water circulation.
Initially, these devices were intended for heating and systems with hot water. In lingering heating circuits normal circulation of the carrier in the system is difficult. Therefore, a mechanism that increases pressure is used.
The situation is similar in conventional plumbing. Only here the device is already working, increasing the total pressure of the water.
Circulation pumps consist of a motor that rotates a rotor with an impeller. This small device injects liquid into the chamber and improves the parameters of the pipeline.
2.2 Self-priming
Self-priming boosters pumping stations. This unit consists of a surface pump and a hydraulic accumulator. The principle of operation of a self-priming pump is self-priming, that is, it can lift water in pipes even if it is not available. Then the pump pumps a certain level of fluid into the accumulator, on which the system closes. The accumulator regulates the level of pressure in the system and maintains it at the required level due to the presence of check valves and an air membrane.
The device is configured using a pressure switch. It is also responsible for the automation of all processes.
2.3 pros and cons of different types of booster pumps
The circulation pump has low power. This increases the pressure by 2-3 atmospheres. Devices with more powerful engines work more efficiently. They pump up to 2-3 cubic meters of water per hour.
Boost stations are more powerful. It consumes at least 2 kW, but raises water up to a distance of 12 meters.
Thus, the circulation pump eliminates the problem in a separate area, and the suction equipment is used to regulate the entire water supply in an apartment or private house. Self-priming devices lift liquid to a height within 12 m.
Circulation pumps are also divided according to the type of media.
- For cold water. These are the simplest models, usually made of cheap plastic. They pump water up to 40 degrees.
- For hot water. This variety is used in the heating and hot water supply system. Made from of stainless steel and quality tires.
There are also universal devices that work with liquids of various temperatures.
According to the type of control, the pumps that increase the pressure of water in the system are divided into:
- Devices with manual control. The device is either on or off all the time. Just make sure there is fluid in the system. Running "dry" pump can burn out. Therefore, it is turned on to perform one-time actions and turned off after work is completed.
- Devices with automatic control. They are equipped with a special sensor that turns on the device if necessary. When there is no water in the system, the sensor turns off the device.
The cooling system protects the mechanism from overheating. It can be of two types.
- With a "wet rotor" devices are cooled by water flowing through the pump. Their operation is almost silent, but they can overheat when working without water.
- Devices with a "dry rotor" are cooled by rotating blades that are mounted on a shaft. Have more high level performance, but also quite noisy during operation.
Pumps are also divided according to the installation method into:
- horizontal;
- vertical;
- universal.
They differ in the presence of speeds:
- single-stage - one pumping speed;
- multistage - work of different intensity, depending on the flow of water.
Construction type:
- in-line - these are compact models, inefficient. Embedded in the pipeline;
- vortex - high performance, but noisy in operation and require special piping.
2.4 How it works
The booster pumps work as follows. When the fluid flow reaches 1.5 cubic meters, the position of the motion sensor petal changes. The pump will then turn on automatically. When fluid flow is stopped, the pump turns off.
Sometimes it is necessary to install two or more step-up devices. This need arises in cases with an improperly designed plumbing system. The cost of additional equipment and pipeline modifications should be calculated. And choose a more economical option.
3 Device selection
When choosing a pressure booster, the characteristics of the equipment, calculations, required tasks, the manufacturer's company, as well as the amount for its purchase are taken into account.
If there is liquid in the pipeline, but its pressure is weak, you can choose a circulation model.
If there is no water in the tap at all, but there is below the level, then you should choose a booster station with a self-priming pump.
For plumbing in a private house, built-in pumps with a wet rotor are usually chosen. This option is easy to install and silent in operation.
Devices with multi-stage adjustment and a stainless steel case are more preferable, but also more expensive.
3.1 What parameters do you pay attention to when choosing?
When choosing a pump responsible for increasing the pressure in the water supply, its parameters are also taken into account.
- Power. Must match the needs of the system. The number of cranes, characteristics are taken into account household appliances. Too much power can be harmful.
- lift height. A self-priming apparatus designed for smaller loads will not raise water to a sufficient height.
- Pipe section size. If the device and the pipe have a different cross section, then the pump will work with overloads and the pressure will be less than expected.
- Noise level.
- Apparatus size.
4 Reverse osmosis systems
There are methods for water purification:
- mechanical;
- reagent;
- chemical.
But at present, the reverse osmosis water treatment scheme is becoming more and more popular. It is based on the membrane method, in which water is purified from impurities.
4.1 When is a pump needed?
Pumps for reverse osmosis systems are used if the pressure in the pipeline is below 2.8 atmospheres, which is necessary for the operation of the installation. If the pressure is below the required value, the unit will shut down.
The reverse osmosis scheme with a pump differs from the usual one only in the presence of a pump. The reverse osmosis pump is equipped with high and low pressure sensors that turn off the device if necessary. The device also has dry run protection. If the liquid storage tank is full, then the sensor turns off the pump, and when the water starts to be consumed, it turns on the pump again. The operating voltage of the pump is 24 V and 36 V. The voltage transformer converts the mains voltage into a working pump. Transformer models differ in different types pump The reverse osmosis circuit with a pump allows you to receive clean water around the clock.
5 Hardware installation
Installation of the device for increasing the water pressure is performed as follows.
- Mark the pipe on which the pump will be installed, taking into account the length of the device and adapters.
- The water is turned off in the room.
- The pipe is cut in the marked places.
- Threads are made on the cut ends of the pipe.
- Adapters with internal threads are screwed onto the pipes.
- Fittings that are included in the kit are screwed into the adapters. When installing the device, follow the instructions of the arrow on the body of the device, which indicates the direction of water flow.
- A three-core cable is pulled from the electrical panel to the device. It is advisable to equip a socket near the device, connect the device through a separate RCD.
- Turn on the pump and check its operation. Check for leaks from fittings. Tighten fasteners if necessary. For effective sealing, FUM tape is used, which is wound around the thread.
5.1 GPD 15-9A BOOSTER PUMP INSTALLATION (VIDEO)
The drop in water pressure in the pipeline inevitably leads to the fact that any instantaneous water heaters, including gas water heaters stop working, as well as washing machines that do not have a storage tank. If there is no hot water in the apartment, even taking a shower can be difficult. Correct selection and the installation of a special pump eliminates this problem.
What is a water pressure booster pump for?
The water supply system is represented by many pipes interconnected by a large number of taps, tees, elbows and other elements. Availability a large number pipe bends help to reduce pressure, and with increased water consumption by the population and the presence of outdated pumping equipment at stations supplying water, the situation can become catastrophic.
It is from these factors that the upper floors are often apartment buildings remain completely without water during the hours when its consumption increases everywhere. If the pressure in the plumbing system drops to below 2 atmospheres, a special pump must be installed to correct the situation.
At the same time, it must be taken into account that in some cases such equipment can only partially improve the situation, and sometimes it is not able to eliminate the problem at all. For example, if low pressure is the result of a clogged or ruptured pipe, it is not possible to cope with this problem by installing a pump. In such cases, only cleaning the pipes and replacing them, if necessary, can correct the situation.
Since the water pump will be used in the future at home, many factors must be taken into account. The first thing you should pay attention to is the power of the device. This is the defining parameter. When choosing a pump, you need to take into account the number of taps and equipment that uses water during operation. Often only powerful devices can meet the needs of residents of an apartment or house.
Existing models of water pressure pumps also differ in the type of control. Some are manual while others are automatic. By increasing the water pressure, any electric pump will create a certain level of noise. This can create some discomfort for residents. When choosing a unit, this parameter must be paid attention to, since many modern models operate almost silently.
In addition, compact models can only be connected to pipes of a certain diameter. Some machines are designed exclusively for cold water supply, while others can be used to pressurize a hot water supply system.
When choosing a pump, you need to consider how much it can raise the water level. Especially important given parameter when choosing a pumping station designed to increase pressure in several apartments of a multi-storey building at once.
To buy a quality device, you need to pay attention to the performance of the device. This parameter determines how much liquid the pump can pump per unit of time. Performance values must necessarily exceed the average water flow.
Some water compressors have additional functions, for example, built-in filter. In addition, you need to pay attention to the manufacturer, since devices from companies that have already earned a good reputation, in most cases, are durable.
Varieties of designs of household pumps
All pumps used to increase the pressure in the water supply system of houses, apartments and cottages can be divided into devices with a "wet" and "dry" rotor. Each option has its own characteristics. Pumps used to increase the pressure of water in pipes with a "wet" rotor are compact in size and make little noise during operation, since their internal parts are lubricated by the pumped liquid.
Such devices have a simple circuit connections. In most cases, they simply cut into the water pipe and work as flow pump. Such pumps are installed in front of the water intake point or in front of household appliances.
Water compressors with a "dry" rotor are characterized by higher performance. Such devices are used in most cases to serve several points of water intake. A distinctive feature of all water pumps with a "dry" rotor is the location of the main electric pump-pump away from the main body and the presence of a separate air cooling system. The rotor does not interact with water.
The best wet rotor pumps
Since there are many varieties of pumps with a "wet" rotor on the market, the selection of such an apparatus can be a certain difficulty for people who are not versed in such a technique. To the most best models dry rotor water pumps, Grundfos UPA 15-90 (N) applies.
This device is equipped with a reinforced body made of cast iron, a terminal box and a flow sensor. Work can be carried out both in automatic and manual mode. The advantages of this device include:
- high build quality;
- overheat protection;
- low noise figure;
- resistance to corrosion and wear;
- durability;
- compactness.
The disadvantages of this model include high cost and expensive post-warranty repairs.
In addition, experts often recommend a pump with a "wet" rotor made in Germany - Wilo PB-201EA. This device has a reliable cast-iron body with a special coating, bronze nozzles, a plastic wheel and a stainless steel shaft. This pump has a mode switch. The advantages of such devices include:
- use of materials resistant to corrosion;
- low noise level;
- the possibility of pumping hot water;
- overheat protection;
- simplicity in terms of installation;
- long service life.
The disadvantages of this apparatus include relatively large dimensions. In addition, such a pump can only be mounted horizontally.
High-quality models of pumps with a "dry" rotor
In some cases, it is advisable to use pumps with a "dry" rotor. The best and at the same time inexpensive devices of this type include the Jemix W15GR-15 A.
This machine It has a durable cast-iron body, but at the same time the motor shell is made of aluminum, and the rotary wheel is made of durable plastic. Using the switch, you can configure such a pump to work in both manual and automatic modes. The advantages of this model include:
- high performance characteristics;
- endurance high temperatures water;
- overheat protection;
- dry running fuse;
- resistance to corrosion;
- relatively low price.
The obvious disadvantages of this model include the possibility of heating during operation. In addition, this unit is very noisy. The service life of this unit is relatively short.
Among other things, noteworthy models of pumps for boosting pressure, characterized by a "dry" rotor, include the Comfort X15GR-15. This model is equipped with stainless steel housing, flow switch and vane cooler. This unit works in both manual and automatic mode. The advantages of this pump include:
- small dimensions;
- low power consumption;
- the possibility of using for pumping water with high temperature;
- ease of operation and installation;
- resistance to corrosion;
- relatively low price.
Please note that this unit makes a lot of noise during operation. In addition, many users note that the power cord of this pump is short, so it is often necessary to use a carrier.
Pumping stations for increasing water pressure
Pumping stations deserve special attention. The Grundfos MQ3-35 model has good reviews. This is one of the best pumping stations designed to increase water pressure. She has automatic control. This device is equipped with an electric motor, a self-priming pump, a hydraulic accumulator. Such a pumping station is controlled by an automatic system equipped with a pressure switch, a protective unit and a flow sensor. The advantages of this device include:
- design reliability;
- wear resistance;
- built-in protection system;
- ease of installation;
- low noise levels;
- durability.
It must be borne in mind that this unit is only suitable for pumping cold water. In addition, in this model the accumulator has a small size.
The Dzhileks "Jumbo" 70/50 N-50 N device is distinguished by good performance. This model has a built-in asynchronous motor, ejector, centrifugal pump, horizontal hydraulic accumulator, pressure gauge, pressure switch. The device has good power and performance. The advantages of this model include:
- resistance to corrosion;
- built-in protection against overheating;
- ease of installation;
- Ease of use;
- relatively low cost;
- water level control.
The main disadvantage of this unit is the high level of noise produced during operation. In addition, this model does not have built-in protection against dry running. The device can operate at a water temperature not exceeding +35°C. For effective cooling of the mechanism, it is necessary that the air temperature is no more than +50°C.
Sources:
- The best pumps to increase water pressure
- Automatic pump to increase the water pressure in the apartment - selection and installation
For the normal operation of household washing and heating equipment, a certain pressure water in the plumbing. This is especially true for flowing electrical and gas water heaters. Under reduced pressure built into them protective devices disable these devices completely. There are several ways to solve this problem.
You will need
- Manometer, plumbing steel cable, calculator.
Instruction
In autonomous (located in rural areas) systems, there are several reasons leading to a drop in pressure in the water supply. First of all, check the correct operation of the automatic switch of the pumping station. To do this, connect a pressure gauge to the outlet pipe of the pumping station and turn it on. The motor should turn off when pressure will rise to 2.5 atmospheres. Then slightly open the shut-off valve and slowly drain the water from the accumulator. When pressure drops to 1, the pumping station motor should turn on. Then check pressure air in the air chamber, it should be about 2 atmospheres. If it's lower, raise it to that level. If the test results differ greatly from the above calculations, have the pumping station repaired.
In the event that when you open a tap in the house, the water briefly goes under with great pressure, and then the pressure decreases significantly, you have clogged. Clean it with sanitary steel. If this is not possible, replace the damaged section of the pipeline.
In case if pressure water in the water supply system periodically decreases and rises without any system, determine the maximum flow water in the house. To do this, count the number of water distribution points. For one point estimated flow water 0.6 cubic meters water at one o'clock. The calculation assumes that two-thirds of the total can work simultaneously.
Example: together with a heating column, a washing machine and a machine (if any), there are 5 water distribution points in the house. So multiply 3×0.6 and get the value maximum flow water in this house. It is equal to 1.8 cubic meters per hour. Convert this value to liters per minute. To do this, divide 1.8 by 60 and multiply by a thousand. The resulting number will be the value of the maximum flow water in a minute.
Check if the performance of your pumping station matches the maximum flow rate water in the house. When there is insufficient performance pressure water in the water supply system
When you open a tap in your home to simply drink water, and a sluggish trickle flows from it, then the idea immediately comes to your mind to install in the water supply line.
The sufficiency of water pressure in the pipes is the key to the normal life of a person living in a private cottage, in a country house or in a high-rise apartment. This is very important for the trouble-free operation of domestic hydraulic machines and plumbing fixtures. This is one of the very important conditions your comfortable living and the durability of expensive water equipment in your home.
For the normal operation of the main models of household hydraulic machines and plumbing units, the water pressure in pipelines from 2 to 4 bar is sufficient. If at the outlet of the intake taps you periodically or constantly lack these indicators, then you should understand the reasons for this shortage and, if necessary, install booster pumps in your individual or collective use.
Below we will describe the basic requirements for checking the performance of your water supply, the criteria for choosing the appropriate equipment, consider Various types pumps for increasing the pressure of water in the mains from different manufacturers.
Key questions covered in this article
- Comparative scale specifications water pressure in pumps of various types.
- Possible reasons shortage of water pressure in the mains.
- Types of pumps for increasing water pressure in pipelines.
- We read the instructions and install the pump.
Comparative scale of technical characteristics of water pressure in pumps of various types
World pump manufacturers use for pump head characteristics different types the following water pressure units:
For quick approximate household calculations, the approximate ratios of these quantities are suitable:
In practice, for the normal operation of household hydraulic equipment with automation, the use of flow taps and the operation of bathrooms, the operation of gas water heaters and boilers, it is enough to maintain water pressure in pipelines within 2-4 bar for all major models of household water devices.
Possible reasons for the lack of water pressure in the mains
The lack of water pressure in your pipelines for high-rise apartments can be due to several reasons:
- Daily fluctuation of water pressure in the water supply due to the frequency of use of the resource by the residents of the house;
- Lack of design capacity of general user pumping equipment from the service organization;
- Temporary deposits of rust and salts inside the pipeline, clogging the body of the water riser:
- Clogged water cleaning filters in the water supply connection system:
In such cases, neighbors on the floor and residents of the upper and lower floors should be interviewed. apartment building to find out what water pressure is usually in their apartments. In this way, you can identify the local cause of low pressure in your particular case. It will already be possible to make the right decision to fix these problems or stop at the option of buying a pump high pressure water individually or common use, having coordinated this issue with other residents of the entrance (riser) of the high-rise building.
In a private house, these causes are of a similar type. But there may be various additional reasons for the low water pressure in your pipeline:
- Long distance from the main water supply pump;
- Excessive elevation of the structure and location of the flow valves above the level of the pump installation;
- Discrepancy between the pressure data of the power plant, with a specific layout of power and consumable units, and so on.
Types of pumps for increasing water pressure in pipelines
In practice, it is possible to increase the pressure in the water artery using 2 well-known types of pumps:
- Insertion into the water supply line circulation pump with wet or dry rotor;
- Installation in the line of an additional self-priming power unit or an automatic pumping station based on this type of pump.
Approximate connection diagrams for various types of pressure booster pumps:
Circulating electric pumps help in cases where it is required to increase the water pressure in the pipeline with a stable supply, but a low pressure, reaching no more than 1 - 1.5 bar. In multi-storey buildings, using this type of pump, it is unlikely that it will be possible to create a sufficiently stable pressure for all residents of the riser, even if you install 2 or more pumps. This option is more suitable for an individual increase in water pressure in a separate apartment. This is, so to speak, a "home" version of pressure stabilization.
For this reason, in high-rise apartment buildings, it is better to use a self-priming pump. more productivity or a pumping station with appropriate automation for water pressure with its own hydraulic accumulator.
With this option, you will not bother with the problems of turning the pump on and off, automation will do it for you.
When installing any type of pump, it should be borne in mind that if there is temporarily no even the smallest water pressure in the taps of a high-rise building on the upper floors, then installing a booster pump will not correct this situation. The pump needs at least a minimum water pressure that meets the technical limits to raise it to the desired level.
If you installed any booster pump only in your apartment, then keep in mind that it will create a discharge effect in the common pipeline before it. And air will be sucked into this rarefied space. It is good if the pump is automatically protected from dry running and its engine does not burn out, but it will constantly turn off. In doing so, you create an even greater pressure drop in the common water supply pipe. If other residents of your entrance or riser follow your example, then this will lead to even more disastrous results with water and real “sanctions” from the water supply organization.
Self-priming pumps are limited by the amount of water rise along the height of the installation from the water surface to 7-8 meters (maximum 12). A large tank for a circulation pump with a supply of water, you also cannot install in a medium-sized apartment. We will have to negotiate and cooperate with neighbors in order to install such a container in the attic of the house.
The most competent and comprehensive solution to these problems can be the installation of a full-fledged automatic station with a self-priming centrifugal pump. The power device must be of high performance. To contain its own hydraulic accumulator of the maximum possible volume and full automation of the water supply process. You can connect this station to the basement collector of the common riser of the general water supply or to offline source. This is the only way to create the required water pressure at the outlet of all taps and not aggravate the situation for the neighbors.
Choosing a water pressure booster pump
Circular pumps are divided into 2 groups:
We are used to considering circular pumps only as elements of heating systems. But they have a wider application.
- Household pumps wet rotor. They are more compact and silent in operation. They do not require preventive maintenance to lubricate the friction parts, as this is due to the washing of the rotor shaft with water. They are easy and simpler to mount directly into the water supply pipe using a tie-in and do not require additional fasteners. But this group of pumps has low productivity and low head performance. In addition, these units are installed with a horizontal axis of the motor rotor.
- Circular pumps with a dry rotor have an asymmetric housing shape towards the electric motor. They are cooled by a jet of external air from a special impeller. Requires additional wall mounting. They have better technical capabilities in terms of pressure and performance. They require regular lubrication of rubbing parts. They make quite a lot of noise while working.
Both groups are suitable for cold and hot water, but require constant manual control of the on/off mode.
To save yourself from this, you need to pick up a circular pump equipped with a water flow sensor. Then the pump will start only when the flow valve is opened and there is water in the line.
The same effect can be achieved by installing a separate flow sensor on any group of circular pumps. And if the pressure in the system is unstable and there is insufficient water in the water supply, an additional pressure switch will need to be installed.
Some popular models of circular pumps from global manufacturers: Grundfos (Grundfos):
Jemix circular pumps W15GR and WP series:
Pressure booster pumps from the Wilo brand of the PB and PW series
- Self-priming centrifugal pumps can operate with increasing water pressure, both independently and as part of automatic pumping stations.
- Specialized stations for increasing the pressure of water from the main water pipelines of the Gileks VODOMET M brand are used to tie into the underwater part of individual sources. They have an additional flow-through filter unit for supplying already purified drinking water:
Specially created pumping units water pressure booster from Grundfos: CMBE 3-62, 5-62, 1-44, 1-75, 3-30, 3-93 and others:
Read the instructions and install the pump
To solve the problem with the water supply, you should not chase after some exorbitant indicators in terms of pressure and pump performance. You just need to add some 1.0 - 1.5 atm to the existing pressure (10 - 15 meters above the outlet valve).
So you should not have questions about how to choose a pump, what characteristics it should have. It is enough to look at the instructions for this product or listen to the recommendations of the technical manager of the store where you decided to buy the unit. The descriptions of the pumps contain all the data on their connection to the water system (connection diagram), there are rules for installing a specific product and it is described what and how to connect in the desired sequence.
IN last resort, we turn to qualified specialists for practical assistance in installing and configuring the pump at your dacha, cottage or high-rise building.
You can learn more about the principle of operation of the listed pumps, how their automation works, from the articles on our website in the heading: or by calling our consultant.
It often happens that when we get up in the morning and go to the washbasin, instead of a good powerful stream of water from the tap, we find only a thin, barely oozing stream. To fill a kettle or coffee pot, you have to spend a lot of time, and performing the usual hygiene procedures turns into torture. Not to mention the fact that many household appliances, such as a washing machine, simply will not work in such conditions. The problem is serious, but it can be solved by installing a pump that increases pressure. However, first you need to understand the reasons for its occurrence.
Requirements for the parameters of the water supply network in apartment building set out in SNiP 2.04.02-84. According to this document, the value of water pressure at the entrance to the apartment must be at least 0.3 atmospheres and not more than 6.0 atmospheres. Conventionally, 1 atmosphere can be considered equal to the pressure created by a water column 10 meters high.
When entering the building, the pressure must be at least 1.0 atm and not more than 6.0 atm. For buildings with a height of more than one floor, the pressure should increase by 0.4 atm for each floor.
It is easy to calculate that with more than twelve floors, these requirements cannot be met. To ensure normal pressure in the upper floors, for example, on the sixteenth, at the entrance to the house it should be equal to:
1.0 atm + 0.4 atm*16 fl. = 7.4 atm
This value is higher than the maximum allowed, established by SNiP. In order to comply with all norms, pumps are used in multi-storey buildings that increase pressure. They are installed in the technical rooms of houses immediately after the water supply entry point. Such pumps pump up the water that has entered the building and deliver it to the upper floors, providing.
Often booster pumps for water supply are already used in buildings with more than five floors. In such cases, it is more often necessary to use them to pump cold water, since the pressure in the hot water pipeline is maintained by pumps installed in boiler rooms.
Often even in buildings with a small number of storeys or in high-rise buildings With booster pumps The water pressure in the apartment is insufficient. The reasons for this can be very different.
Owners of private houses also often face the problem of insufficient pressure in the system autonomous water supply. In this case, it is also necessary to find out the cause and install the appropriate equipment.
Reasons for low pressure
There can be many reasons for poor pressure:
- clogged filters for coarse mechanical cleaning water installed at the entrance to the dwelling;
- underestimation of the estimated diameter of the pipes or its reduction due to the build-up of deposits on the inner walls;
- defects or faults stop valves at the entrance to a house or apartment;
- presence of faults main water supply and head loss due to leaks;
- non-compliance of water supply with standards due to the fault of the water supplier organization, which usually serves the pipelines.
In most cases, you should first eliminate the root cause, and then think about purchasing a pump to increase pressure.
Clogged filters are detected when disassembling and inspecting the filter element. As a rule, this is a brass mesh rolled up in the shape of a cylinder. It may be clogged with large pieces of rust, scale that got into the pipeline during repairs. The grid must be washed and reinstalled.
In high-rise buildings
Understatement of the diameter main pipeline it is possible when several more large consumers, not taken into account in the design, are connected to the existing water supply network. This can happen, for example, if several apartments on the lower floors are converted into non-residential premises used as hairdressers, laundries, SPA-salons. Water consumption in such premises, especially during the daytime, can increase many times over.
Deposits can accumulate on pipe walls due to poor domestic water treatment. Too hard, that is, containing a lot of calcium, water releases this element when heated, and it, especially in a hot pipeline, is deposited on the pipe walls. In both cases, if the diameter of the pipes is insufficient, they must be replaced.
If there are pipeline malfunctions, they must be eliminated, and then re-check the parameters of the water supply system.
The dishonesty of the water supplier can be detected if all previous causes are eliminated, and the pressure in the water supply has not increased. To do this, you need to monitor the pressure during the day in all rooms. It often happens that suppliers turn off some of the electric pumps that are supposed to increase pressure at night or in the middle of the working day. At this time, water consumption in urban residential areas is reduced, and such a shutdown saves energy for the organization, significantly reducing its operating costs.
In a private house
In a private house with autonomous system water supplies are a little different. As a rule, water is supplied either by a deep well pump or a pumping station with a centrifugal vane pump from a well. In the event of a pressure drop, it is necessary to check the productivity of the well, the serviceability of the pump, and at the pumping station it is also necessary to check the condition of the accumulator, which is responsible for maintaining the working pressure.
Often a deep pump in an autonomous water supply system is designed for high performance. Its task is to raise as much water as possible from the lower horizon. The depth of water can be 120-140 m, and such a pump can no longer cope with the rise of water to the upper floors of the cottage. In this case, it is also necessary to connect a pump to the system to increase the pressure.
Which pump to install
Can be used to boost water pressure various options equipment. If you have to install a pump to increase the water pressure in the apartment, then the choice should be based not only on performance and other functional characteristics. Equally important is the level of noise emitted by the unit during operation. In a private house, this indicator can not always be guided by, since it is possible to install equipment to increase pressure in various utility rooms.
The performance of the pump must take into account the number of people living in the house. The calculation can be based on housing and communal services standards, which assume the use of 200 liters of cold water and 100 liters of hot water per person per day. Of course, such a flow rate is unlikely to be in demand, but a pump with better characteristics than required during operation will work much longer, and the price increase will be insignificant.
When choosing pumps to increase water pressure in a private house with several floors, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of creating the pressure necessary to raise water to the upper floors.
Control method
According to the method of control, pumps for increasing pressure can be manual and automatic.
Hand pumps turn on for the time required to supply water, and then turn off. Such options are used to fill storage tanks. Similar water supply schemes are also used in private homes. The inconvenience lies in the fact that the operation of the pump must be monitored and turned off in time to prevent unreasonable waste of water or running dry.
Booster pumps equipped with special sensors and controllers are able to turn on and off depending on the conditions created by the operating modes. Automation, based on the readings of pressure sensors, will determine when a vacuum appears in the water supply and turn on the pump. If all shut-off devices are closed and the pressure reaches the control value, the pump will turn off. Automation will save the pump from dry running if the water supply to it suddenly stops.
Differences in design
According to the principle of operation, the units for increasing the pressure also differ. They can be circulating, which are included directly in the pipeline, or they can be suction - raising water and directing it to the main.
Circulation pumps are used primarily to increase the pressure in the heating system, but with some tolerances they can also be used to increase the pressure in the water supply.
The installation of such pumps is carried out in pipeline breaks, and they, using a rotary impeller, accelerate running water. Such pumps are very quiet, but their performance is low.
Centrifugal pumps can be used to lift more water to greater heights, as well as to increase pressure. The working body in them is an impeller, which is installed in a housing that looks like a snail. Experts among themselves call it that. Water entering through the central hole of the volute is accelerated by a rotating impeller and is ejected under the action of centrifugal force through the side hole, entering the pipeline.
Suction pump operation diagram
The operation of the suction pump is based on the creation of a vacuum in the intake piping. These pumps can lift water from wells and shallow wells. Assembled together with a hydraulic accumulator, such a pump can turn into a full-fledged pumping station that is capable of lifting water several tens of meters.
A vacuum is created when the pump impeller rotates. Depending on its design and engine power, the suction depth may vary, but rarely exceeds 8 meters.
The horizontal distance from the pump to the well also affects the suction depth.
To correctly take into account this characteristic when choosing equipment, you must use the formula:
where H is the maximum possible suction depth,
L is the distance from the pump to the water intake,
h is the height difference between the pump installation site and the water level.
The value of h can increase or decrease depending on the weather conditions or the time of year. When calculating, you need to take into account the lowest position of the water in the well and take the maximum value of h in the formula.
Features of pumping stations
For the organization of autonomous water supply of a private house, it is advisable to use pumping stations. By design and principle of operation, they can be submersible and suction. The first are installed in the well and are designed to supply water to houses with permanent residence of people. The second can be dismantled if they are not used due to seasonal residence in houses. Depending on the chosen scheme, pumping stations may differ in design and equipment.
For schemes using a storage water tank, the simplest submersible pump, which can be turned on and off manually, especially with a large tank volume. It is possible to improve the design of the pumping station by installing float water level sensors in the tank. The advantages of such a scheme are that it makes it possible to use the water supply even when the electric pump is not powered for any reason. If the storage capacity is large enough, then significant outages can be experienced.
Note! Pumping stations with hydraulic accumulators are most often used. These are metal two-volume tanks in which the cavities are separated by an elastic membrane.
A gas is pumped into one cavity, which creates pressure in the pipeline when it is compressed. Water from a source is pumped into another cavity by a pump. The design of the accumulator has a pressure sensor that turns off the pump when the maximum design value is reached, and turns it on when the pressure drops, when collapsible valves open in the pipeline. This ensures the automation of the water supply process.
The capacity of the accumulator is selected based on the volume of water consumed. It depends on the size of the tank how even the pressure will be during the use of the water supply, how often the pump will turn on, how much pressure will be enough in the accumulator if the pump power is suddenly turned off.
Hydraulic accumulators can be used to compose pumping stations with both submersible and suction pumps. When using the latter, it is desirable to complete the station with a check valve, which is installed at the end of the suction hose.
Power selection
The power of the pressure boosting pump must be selected based on the conditions in which it will have to work, and the requirements for parameters and characteristics. The pump must provide comfortable conditions for the implementation of hygiene procedures, as well as for the operation of household appliances that require water supply with certain parameters.
For normal operation of the shower, a pressure of 1 atm is usually sufficient, which must be provided on the top floor of the building. To operate a washing machine or dishwasher more pressure is needed. To determine which unit to increase the pressure to put at the inlet of the water supply, it is necessary to carefully study the technical documentation of all available devices.
Note! Having chosen a pump for pressure and performance, it is necessary to make sure that the existing electrical network is suitable for operation.
Pump installation
The installation must be carried out in a place where regular maintenance will be possible. It should be noted that many booster pumps make noise during operation. If there utility rooms, well isolated from residential areas, there will be no problems, and if the boost pump is installed in a small apartment, it is necessary to carefully consider the decision on where to mount this unit.
In some cases, the installation option inside the closed kitchen table. An even better result can be achieved if, during installation, a foam rubber gasket is installed between the pump and the base.
When connecting to the pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of quick dismantling during repair or replacement in the event of a breakdown. To do this, you must use detachable fittings.
Notable Models
The most common manufacturers of pumps for increasing pressure and pressure are traditionally Grundfos, Jeelex, Wilo.
One of best pumps you can safely call Grundfos UPA 15-90 (N). This device, consuming only 120 W of electricity, is capable of raising water by 8 meters at a minimum pressure of 0.2 atm, while providing a flow rate of up to 1.5 m³ / h. The pump is very quiet, the noise level is only 35 dB. Service life up to 10 years.
For more demanding users, we can recommend the Wilo PB-201EA model. This pump is capable of providing a capacity of 3.3 m³ / h, raising water to a height of 15 meters. Noise level during operation 41 dB. Service life up to 10 years.
One of the most powerful units Jeelex Jambo 70/50 H-50 H is a suction pumping station for lifting water. Provides a flow rate of 4.2 m³/h at a lifting height of up to 50 meters and a suction depth of up to 9 meters. The power consumption of the electric pump is 1.1 kW. The device is equipped with a 50 liter hydraulic accumulator.
Low pressure in the water supply system can infuriate not only you, but also expensive equipment. Agree, both of them just need to be protected. Such situations mainly oppress the owners of private houses, but they also happen in apartments connected to centralized networks. How to deal with them?
Pumps to increase water pressure will permanently get rid of these troubles. They will provide the operating parameters required for the normal functionality of household appliances. Compact, almost invisible devices will protect your nerves and extend the working life of the units.
The article presented to your attention details the principles of equipment selection and the rules for its installation. Those who wish to carry out the work themselves or control the hired plumbers will be helped useful diagrams. The information is supplemented by photo collections and videos.
The problem of low pressure in the water supply is solved using two types of devices: circulation and self-priming pumps. The former are simpler and easier to assemble into the system.
A conventional circulation pump consists of a rotor, an impeller mounted on it and an engine that rotates it all. Usually, if there is water in the system, but its pressure is weak, one or two pumps are enough.
The task of increasing the pressure in the water supply system is solved in two ways: by installing a circulation or centrifugal self-priming pump (click to enlarge)
But if water does not flow to the upper floors at all, you will have to put it. Such a device is simply installed as part of a plumbing system in a suitable location. The impeller spins, giving the water flow additional acceleration.
As a result, the pipes fill with water faster, providing the necessary level of pressure in the water supply. These are compact devices. low power designed to solve local problems. Suction pumps are more high performance and more complex device.
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In addition to the suction pump, capable of pumping water to a considerable height, the system is also equipped with a special membrane.
The work of this technique is automated, used. Water is first supplied to the storage tank, and then enters the water supply, providing the necessary characteristics within the system.
Thus, if a centrifugal pump allows you to eliminate the problem in a particular area, then suction equipment is used to regulate the entire plumbing in a house or apartment.
Self-priming booster pumps are capable of lifting liquid to a height of up to 12 m, while their capacity starts from 2 m 3 / h.
Circulation pumps tend to work "to a dead end", i.e. they do not need to be turned off even if all taps are closed and no water is taken from the system.
Inlet pumps operate in approximately the same way to increase water pressure. These devices are similar in design to circulation models.
If such a pump is turned off, water will circulate freely through its housing. As soon as power is supplied to the motor, the pump turns on.
The impeller begins to rotate and the water pressure in the system increases. When faced with a choice between automatic or manual systems, the former is usually preferred.
Comparison of the scheme of the plumbing system with and without a booster pump allows you to more accurately represent the installation procedure for such equipment
It is more convenient to use such equipment, and it lasts longer, because it does not work idle. Take the pump manual control it makes sense only in those cases when it will be used either for a very short time (temporary option), or extremely rarely (in summer, in the country, only on weekends).
The diagram clearly shows the device of a pump with a wet rotor. Water washes the moving parts of the pump and absorbs excess heat
The concept of dry and wet rotor refers to information about the cooling system of the device. In the first case, it is cooled by an air stream, and in the second case, by a stream of pumped water.
A wet rotor pump is cheaper, but has a shorter life due to the negative effects of sediment that accumulates on the working parts during pumping water. Models with a dry rotor cope with their tasks more efficiently, and their service life is longer.
Rules for selecting the power of the unit
The power of the device must be commensurate with the needs of the system. Lack of pressure is bad, but also too great pressure no need.
If a too efficient pump is selected for the water supply, the pressure in the system will increase, and all its elements will be subjected to unnecessary additional load. This leads to rapid wear and frequent breakdowns.
The water pressure in the system must not be less than two atmospheres. This is enough for comfortable water procedures, as well as to start the automatic washing machine.
Although some models are more demanding in terms of operating conditions. For example, if the house has a shower, hydromassage, jacuzzi or other similar devices, the pressure should be higher.
In this case, it is better to increase the pressure in the plumbing system to 5-6 atmospheres. Certain types of equipment require even higher performance.
Therefore, the first step before installing a pressure boosting pump should be to study the documentation of household appliances. If any devices are planned to be purchased in the future, their characteristics also need to be taken into account.
To create a constant high pressure in the system, special pumping stations are used, including a pump and a hydraulic tank. Their work is controlled by a pressure switch.
Accurate calculations can be made by a specialist, but preliminary data made “by eye” are usually sufficient. To determine what pressure really exists in the system, you can use a regular liter jar. The water is opened and measured, how many liters of water poured out of the tap within a minute.
Then you need to deal with current needs. If the inconvenience is due to the fact that it is difficult to take a shower with an open tap in the kitchen due to low pressure, it is enough to use a conventional pump that will increase the pressure by a couple of atmospheres.
But if the house has an automatic washing machine, shower or other equipment of this kind, you should study the technical documentation.
Each such consumer requires a certain pressure of water. Lack of sufficient pressure can lead to costly equipment running idle.
Household appliances, especially foreign-made ones, are not designed for such operating conditions. A failure caused by a lack of normal pressure can be considered as a case that does not comply with the warranty conditions.
You can focus on the maximum pressure in the plumbing system indicated in the device passports. In the presence of a large number of such equipment, it is worth contacting an engineer for advice.
When choosing a model of a water pump suitable for increasing pressure, one should also take into account the needs of equipment, the purchase of which is planned in the future.
Lack of pressure in the plumbing system can lead to premature wear and failure of expensive water heating and plumbing equipment.
Installation principles for self-priming models
Installing this type of pump is not difficult. This will require approximately the same skills and tools that are needed to install other types of pumping equipment.
Schematically, the installation of a booster pump can be represented as the following steps:
- Choosing a location for the accumulator and pump.
- Installing a hydraulic accumulator.
- Installation of pipes for connecting equipment to the water supply.
- Hanging the pump on the wall.
- Tying the pump and accumulator.
- Checking the operation of equipment in automatic mode.
In fact, the pump and accumulator with a pressure switch is a variation. To implement the installation of such a system of devices, you first need to find a place to place the tank.
Some craftsmen replace the accumulator with a membrane with a conventional large capacity, for example, a 200 liter plastic tank.
Instead of a pressure switch, the tank is equipped with a float sensor to ensure that it is automatically filled as needed. Such a tank is installed as high as possible: in the attic or on the top floor. Immediately you should think not only about the size, but also about the configuration of the container.
The flat and narrow tank will take up less space than a traditional cylindrical model. Although there are no special requirements for the capacity configuration. When choosing a place for a container, access to the tank / accumulator or the possibility of easy dismantling of this element should be provided. This is necessary to perform maintenance, repair or replacement of the device.
The photo shows the installation of check valves during installation plastic tank, as well as the procedure for connecting the inlet and outlet pipes to the water pipe
Supplied ready for installation, but the tank should be prepared. It has holes for water inlet and outlet.
You can also make a separate shut-off valve to drain water into emergency. Branch pipes for supplying water to the tank and taking it into the water supply system are mounted to one water pipe.
IN modern conditions for the installation of a water supply system, it is more logical to use easy-to-install and reliable plastic pipes.
To prevent air from being sucked into the tank from the pump, and also to prevent water from entering there when the equipment is turned off, check valves should be installed on both pipes. After that, pipes are mounted, with the help of which the tank is connected to the plumbing system.
Circulation pumps occupy a minimum of space, do not interfere with the maintenance of household appliances
After the tank or hydraulic accumulator is installed, and the laying of the necessary water pipes, you can start installing the suction pump. Usually such a device is delivered unassembled. It is first collected, and then proceed to installation.
If you decide to mount the pump on the wall, you should first make markings for fasteners. Then the pump is suspended and connected to the water supply pipes. In general, this is not a very difficult operation. Important point- the direction of the liquid in the pump. It is indicated on the case with special marks.
The pump should be installed in such a way that the movement of water is from the tank to the water points. Thus, the scheme for installing and connecting a pressure boosting pump is as follows: accumulator-pump-consumer. Then the pump is tied.
All connections must be carefully sealed. If a booster pump is connected threaded connections, you should use a suitable sealant: FUM tape, linen thread, etc.
The amount of sealant should be sufficient, but not excessive. TO plastic pipes the device is connected by means of special fittings.
After that, you should check the operation of the entire system. If a tank with a float sensor was used, it is filled with water. Check not only the operation of the sensor. container that serves storage tank should be checked for leaks. If everything is in order, you can proceed to testing the operation of the pump itself.
The pump must be connected to electrical network. It is recommended that the pump switch lever be set to the automatic position. It remains to open the nearest water faucet and observe the operation of the device. If the installation is done correctly, the pump should automatically turn on, and the water pressure will increase noticeably.
Similarly, the installation of pressure boosting circulation pumps is carried out. For them choose appropriate place in the plumbing, and they cut it there. In this case, it is also extremely important to correctly connect the pump, taking into account the direction of fluid flow. If the position of the device is incorrect, the pump will still let the water flow through.
Scheme of connecting the circulation pump to the plumbing system. The installation of such a device is very simple, but it is important not to confuse the direction of water flow.
But his work will be extremely inefficient, since the device simply will not function. In the instructions and on the case it is indicated in detail correct position pump.
After installation, the pump is turned on in the mains and its operation is checked. If the water pressure at the nearest water intake point has increased, then the installation is done correctly.
A small pressure booster pump is simply plugged into the system. Usually for this it is enough to remove a piece of pipe of the appropriate length at the beginning of the water pipe.
Installing a system with a hydraulic accumulator looks a little more complicated. First you need to deal with the device of the entire structure.
The pump is connected to the accumulator using special hoses. Then a pressure switch is connected, with which the equipment will turn on and off.
This figure shows in detail the principle of operation of a pump with a hydraulic accumulator and how to connect it. The pump fills the tank and then turns off
Deserves special attention. Before starting work, it is recommended to carefully study the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer.
If there is not enough knowledge and skills for high-quality installation and configuration of equipment, it is better to contact a specialist for advice or completely entrust him with all the work.
Not always a booster pump is needed to solve the problem with low water pressure in the system. To begin with, it does not hurt to diagnose the condition of the water pipes. Their cleaning or complete replacement can restore normal pressure without additional equipment.
To understand that the problem is in the poor condition of the water pipes, sometimes it is enough to ask neighbors who live in apartments on the same floor or higher.
If they have normal pressure, you almost certainly need to clean the pipes. If the picture is the same for everyone, there may be more serious problems affecting the entire plumbing system of the house and even the area.
In high-rise buildings, water sometimes simply does not flow to the upper floors. This requires high-powered and rather expensive equipment. It makes sense to cooperate with other tenants to share the costs.
It is a good idea to demand that the organization that receives the payment for the water supply solve the problem, since it is they who must ensure the supply of water to the consumer.
The lack of water on the upper floors is a violation of the requirements fire safety. When communicating with the water service provider, it is worth paying attention to this point and mention the possibility of litigation due to non-compliance with the law.
It is best to entrust the installation of equipment in an apartment building to a regular plumber management company. He is with the system better familiar, and will be responsible in case of leaks or breakdowns caused by poor installation of equipment.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Visually the operation of the booster pump in an apartment high-rise building featured in the following video:
Informative video on the installation of a booster pump:
Many models of booster pumps can easily be installed independently. Even a novice plumber will cope with this task without any problems. But the level of comfort with normal water pressure in the system will increase very noticeably.
Interested in information or have questions? Leave comments on the article. Two-way communication will help you quickly understand difficult or unclear points.
