Work in the country after the winter begins with the care of the garden. It is important not to miss precious time, since many activities need to be carried out before active sap flow and swelling of the kidneys. The health of trees and shrubs depends on how well the spring work in the garden is done.
Spring work in the garden
With the advent of spring, the first thing to do is to clear the garden of last year's foliage, windbreak and other debris that has accumulated over the winter. In plant residues, spores of fungal diseases and pest larvae can overwinter, so they are taken out of the site and burned. As the air temperature rises, winter shelters are gradually removed from trees and shrubs.
Before the start of sap flow, it is necessary to prune fruit and ornamental plants in the garden. Young seedlings, as well as ornamental early-flowering shrubs, are not pruned in spring; only damaged branches can be removed from them. For fruit trees carry out shaping and rejuvenating pruning.
Early spring is the time for the prevention of garden diseases and pests. Before the buds swell, the trees are sprayed iron vitriol, Bordeaux mixture or urea to destroy fungal pores. If an invasion of pests was noticed in the previous year, the garden is treated with Agrovertin, Iskra-Bio, or Fitoverm.
Tree trunks need protection in spring. After the winter, wind breaks and frost cracks may appear on them, which must be covered with clay mash or garden pitch. To protect against pests, trees are whitewashed with special paints, or they use "the old fashioned way" lime mortar with addition blue vitriol.
Fruit trees are grafted in April. First stone fruits, and a little later pome fruits. As a scion, pre-harvested cuttings or material after early spring pruning are used.
In the spring, plants in the garden need top dressing. Dry nitrogen-containing fertilizers (urea, ammophoska, ammonium nitrate) are scattered around the perimeter of the crown. After that, surface loosening of the soil is carried out, closing up fertilizers. From organics, you can make an infused solution of chicken manure or rotted manure. After fertilization, the soil under the trees and bushes is mulched with humus.
Work in the garden in the spring does not stop even after the beginning of flowering trees. Recurrent frosts often occur, and fumigation of gardens with smoke bombs or bonfires is used to protect against them. A humid environment also helps to reduce the impact of low temperatures, so they put containers with water under the trees, spill the soil and wet the branches.
Work in the garden in spring
In the garden in spring, there is no less trouble than in the garden. During this period, it is necessary to carefully prepare the soil for planting vegetables in order to get good harvest. As soon as the snow melts, the beds are cleared of debris accumulated over the winter. It is advisable to burn the waste outside the site to prevent the spread of diseases and pests wintering in them. Cleans not only the soil, but also garden paths, on which garden debris accumulates and moss can grow.
After completing the cleaning, mineral fertilizers are applied. In the spring, urea, nitrophoska, ammophoska and other fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen are used. When the soil dries out a little, compost or humus is added. After that, the beds are dug up or deeply loosened. During loosening, young shoots of weeds must be immediately removed, as well as pests encountered.
Spring work in the garden and vegetable garden includes activities to improve the structure of the soil. River sand, ripened humus, and small sawdust are added to areas with heavy soil. Clay is added to sandy soil to make it more moisture-intensive. If necessary, regulate the acidity of the soil. For deoxidation, lime, ash, or dolomite flour, and to increase the pH level (acidification), sulfur (70 g per sq.m), apple or acetic acid.
When the soil is prepared and fertilized, beds can be laid out on the site. For planting early vegetables, artificial soil heating is created. To do this, the beds are covered with dark material (black agrofiber or polyethylene) about two weeks before sowing.
When working in the garden in spring, special attention should be paid to beds with strawberries and raspberries. Shelter is removed from strawberries, dead bushes are removed, the soil is loosened and mulched. Raspberries are tied to trellises and sanitary pruning is carried out.
In the spring, cold-resistant vegetables and greens are sown in the garden: radishes, peas, lettuce, sorrel, onions, early carrots, beets. These crops develop well and yield even when sown in cold ground.
In flower beds in the spring, division of the rhizomes of perennials is carried out. Plants with overwintering foliage are renewed by removing frozen and damaged shoots, and plantings of early-flowering bulbs are loosened. Complexes of mineral fertilizers are introduced into flower beds as top dressings. To prevent diseases, flower beds are treated with copper-containing preparations.
Lawn care after winter
With the advent of spring, the lawn comes to life. Already at a temperature of plus 5 degrees Celsius, the grass begins to grow and requires attention. As soon as the snowmelt begins, mineral fertilizers are scattered over the lawn, which are dominated by nitrogen: ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea.
Cleaning the lawn begins after the soil dries. Leaves and debris are raked with a fan rake, after which scarification is performed. This procedure is also called "combing", is performed with a garden rake, a special manual fixture, or a scarifier device. It is necessary in order to break the integrity of the dense grass turf, renew it, and enable young shoots to develop.
After stratification, it is necessary to carry out aeration - piercing the turf and the top layer of soil to saturate the soil with oxygen. Do this using a pitchfork, an aerator or special shoe covers.
After cleaning, potholes are clearly visible, which may remain from accidental movement on a damp lawn, or when the soil settles. If the turf layer is not broken, it is dug up and sand is poured under it. Damaged areas of the lawn are cut out with a shovel and removed, the resulting pits are also covered with sand. After that, they are sown to restore a uniform lawn.
Outcome
With the advent of spring, it is necessary to pay attention to the garden and prepare fruit trees and bushes for the new growing season. In the garden, you need to improve the quality of the soil so that the vegetables give a good harvest, and in flower beds, take care of perennials. Gardening in the spring is hard work, but the end result will be a well-groomed yard with strong, healthy plants.
Now winter is living out its last days and comes into its own, such a long-awaited for every gardener, spring.
Very soon the garden will recover from the heavy frosty everyday life and will breathe deeply.
During this period, active spring work begins in the garden and garden. It is necessary to prepare for the hot period of planting, watering and harvesting.
The main concerns of the summer resident in March
The first half of March is marked by harvesting and soil preparation.. The last snow crust that has formed around the trees must be removed with a garden fork. This procedure must be carried out very carefully so as not to damage those parts of the plants that are under the snow.
Trees must be whitewashed by the middle of the month. Young trees are covered with a mixture of mullein and clay to recharge after a long winter. As a pest control, blackcurrant bushes are poured over hot water, and a film is laid under the bush itself so that pests from the soil cannot get out.
When the air temperature crosses the mark of +5 degrees, the first spraying is carried out in the garden. All branches damaged by pests are removed and burned.
Be sure to check whether the plants survived the winter well. To do this, it is necessary to make a small incision along the base on the damaged-looking tissues. If there is no blackness on the cut and it is a light green hue, then the plant is not damaged. At the end of March, spraying from pests with copper sulphate is carried out.
When active snow melting begins, it is necessary to properly dispose of the melt water. If your site has large slopes, then here it is necessary to make small grooves across so that the fertile soil layer has not been carried away by water.
If your garden is located in a lowland, then the water should be diverted into deep ditches or pits so that the roots do not rot from lack of air. On flat sandy and light clay surfaces, melt water does no harm.
Work in the country in the spring is not complete without preparation for planting various crops. In March days, seeds are sown for seedlings of colored and white cabbage, beets, tomatoes and onions. The soil for sowing is selected loose, fertile and not acidic. It must be prepared by mixing peat, fertile soil, humus, as well as tree resin and mineral fertilizers.
April preparations at their summer cottage
Cleanup continues in April upper layers soil, removal of the bark near the kidneys. All garbage after complete drying of the soil is collected and burned. If the garden in past seasons was invaded by ticks, aphids, psyllids or suckers, then trees and shrubs should be sprayed with nitrofen. This must be done before the buds begin to open.
The circles around the trees must be dug up and loosened, being careful not to damage the roots. This is necessary not only to improve the quality of the soil, but also to destroy infections and pests. For a while trunk circles covered with foil to prevent pests from entering winter shelters on the trees. The film can be removed when the moths stop flying.
Also in April, they dig up the soil with the introduction of ash and mineral fertilizers. After the digging is completed, the earth is leveled with a rake. In heavy soils make ridges. In warm years, early crops can be sown at the end of April.
Dacha in May
The main spring work in the country begins in May. This month is considered the most crucial period for every gardener. The success of the entire summer season depends on the correctness of all events at this time.
To begin with, a thorough cleaning is carried out in the garden, props and films are removed, and the remains of last year's plants are also disposed of. It is necessary to wash greenhouses and greenhouses, to clean water drains. Don't forget to check garden tools, since the period of its active use begins.
The soil must be periodically loosened and weeds removed. Do not forget about the mulching of trees and shrubs. It can be done with humus or fresh compost.
May is the time for planting a variety of decorative and vegetable crops . At this time, carrots and potatoes, cucumbers, watermelons, melons are sown in already prepared holes.
Frosts often occur in May, which is why experienced gardeners temperature fluctuations are closely monitored. IN extreme cases on frosty days, special smoke fires are lit on the site in order to prevent the flowers of fruit trees from freezing. On cold evenings, seedlings are covered with thick paper.
Carrying out work in the garden in the spring, it is necessary to approach each event with special care. During this crucial period, you are preparing for a successful summer season so you can't miss anything. A garden and a garden require a lot of attention, effort and time. But it's worth it!
So spring is on the doorstep. It's time to go to the country, check how fruit trees and shrubs have endured this capricious winter. And take on work in the garden in spring in order to get an excellent harvest this year.
Let's talk about trees first. Do not create problems for yourself, do not plant them densely, the optimal planting pattern is 5 × 5 m. Plant trees closer to the full moon, under the signs of Aries, Taurus, Libra and especially Capricorn. Remove wild growth under the sign of Leo.
soil in orchard I keep under black steam. I don’t allow it to be sod, because because of it it will not warm up well, besides, there are many larvae of the May beetle in the sod.
In autumn, I dig up the entire free area of \u200b\u200bthe site by 1/2 bayonet of a shovel. When digging, I bring in organic matter and only partially mineral fertilizers (I cut the accepted rate by half). From the use of only mineral fertilizers, the soil loses its lumpy structure, becomes dense, therefore it begins to poorly pass water and air. At the same time, the number of earthworms that make our land fertile is sharply reduced. Well, they don't like chemistry!
I fertilize the trees in the garden depending on their condition. If the shoots are weak, short, I apply more fertilizer, and if they grow well, less. In the first case, for 1 sq. m near the trunk circle I bring 4-5 kg of compost, in the second - half of this dose. In early spring - chicken manure (1 kg per 20 liters of water), at the beginning of flowering - a solution of urea (0.5%), superphosphate (1%), a solution of potassium sulfate (1%). After flowering - foliar top dressing with urea (5 g per 1 sq. M).
I fertilize young trees in spring 2 times: in early spring (March) and in early May with nitrogen fertilizers. Top dressing complete mineral fertilizer I spend after the June fall of the ovary (30-40 g per bucket of water). In autumn, it is good to bury beet tops, beans, branches of marigolds, calendula, wormwood in near-stem circles - this both nourishes and heals the soil. I do not fertilize trees that did not give birth this year.
I also want to note that young trees do not whiten until they begin to bear fruit.
When watering, I adhere to the rule: it is better to water rarely, but plentifully, than often and little by little. First watering of the garden I usually spend it after the June shedding of flowers, the second - in mid-July and the third (winter, water-charging) - in October-November, depending on the state of the weather. The third watering is especially necessary for the garden, as it contributes to better overwintering. Sometimes before flowering you need a strong watering with rusty water.
big pay attention to pruning. This, if you want to know, is a whole science, and believe me, it is not simple. Therefore, I want to give only small advice, and for a more global study there is a mass of special literature. I do pruning either in early spring - in March, or in summer - in June. Summer pruning is more convenient in every way. On a leafy tree, you can better see which branches need to be removed in order to prevent crown thickening. Also during this period, wounds heal faster, because the trees are in a state of active sap flow. It is also important that with summer pruning, generative buds are better laid. If the tree is planted in autumn, the first pruning is done in early spring, when spring planting pruning is done a year later, a month before the start of the growing season.
The plum is cut only if there are leaves, otherwise the tree may get sick with a silvery fungus.
Remember, not every time you need to use a hacksaw. Sometimes, in order to thin the crown, it is enough to pull back a branch or put spacers on the tree.
The plums in my garden are stunted, as they are grafted onto felt cherries, and therefore they are winter-hardy. How do I do it? In the spring I dig up a one-year-old seedling of felt cherry, wash the roots from the ground and graft directly on the trunk with a cutting. I wrap the grafting site with a film and plant the tree in a permanent place.
I heard that apricots and sweet cherries can also be grafted onto felt cherries. I haven't tried it, but if you want to try it, try it.
Garden pest control is essential., because of which up to half of the crop is lost, believe me. On my site, I also use chemistry, but mainly in the early spring period, strictly observing the precautionary measure, the timing of spraying and dosage. In the spring, before the buds swell, I spray the trees, raspberries, and currants with a solution of Bordeaux liquid (3%) against the eggs of aphids, suckers, and scab pathogens. Trees summer varieties I process once, winter - two, to destroy second-generation caterpillars.
At the end of winter - the beginning of spring, in order to destroy pathogens, it is necessary to whitewash the trees with a solution of lime (20%) with the addition of a solution of copper sulfate (1%) and 50 g laundry soap or clay. Before whitewashing, I clean the bark, and also cover all the wounds with garden pitch.
Often in my area I also practice trapping belts, but I use one trick at the same time. On top of the usual corrugated paper belt, I strengthen a metal mesh with small holes through which the codling moth caterpillars crawl freely, but, having turned into butterflies, they can no longer fly out.
It remains only to observe the appearance of butterflies in order to start spraying against the second generation of codling moth. After harvesting, I remove the hunting belts and burn them.
I will be very glad if my advice is useful. Work, experiment. I wish you all success and big harvests. Love the earth!
On a note:
Most indispensable assistant at the cottage and at home - karcher industrial vacuum cleaner, which has functions for dry and wet cleaning. There are always a lot of worries at the dacha in the spring, and with a Karcher vacuum cleaner there will be fewer problems, and your dacha will shine with perfect cleanliness.
When and how to cut mock orange— For the formation of a healthy and beautiful bush mock orange (in everyday life it is usually called jasmine for the similarity of the aroma of flowers with real jasmine) requires annual pruning.
Work in the field and in the garden requires serious knowledge. The quality and timeliness of their implementation depends future harvest. Therefore, farmers carry out a series of actions at a certain time. It is spring that is the period of intensive preparation for the cultivation of most crops. During this period, a number of actions are planned, which are mandatory carried out by farms and agricultural enterprises.
What are spring work in the field and garden, should be considered in detail. This will allow you to perform the required manipulations on suburban area, vast agricultural areas.
Features of work in the field and garden
Spring work in the field (photo below) is the most important period in the process of growing various crops. special attention farmers demand winter crops.
Works in the field and in the garden differ significantly in the scale and features of the planning of events. This is due to the methods that farmers apply to these areas. Agriculture. Work in the field never stops all year round. However, in winter, the main activity in such conditions freezes.
The garden is a place for growing various vegetables, special varieties of crops. In accordance with what will grow in these conditions, the preparation of sown areas is also carried out. This is a special process that requires the farmer to have special theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
School program
The school curriculum focuses on spring work in the field. The world(Grade 4) studies this process in an overview. Students are invited to write a story about how the soil is prepared in the spring. Schoolchildren supplement their stories with photographs and drawings on this topic.
In the essay, students can describe how the preparation of sown areas is carried out. Stones are removed from them, which are pushed out of the ground by soil under pressure during severe frosts. Next, the earth is loosened to provide the root system of plants with air flow. This is necessary for their full development.
If water has stagnated on the field, it must be diverted using drainage channels. Otherwise, the plants will rot. This will negatively affect the yield. Weeds, shrubs, moss, sand are removed from the soil surface. Fertilize the soil before sowing. Knowing in general terms how the field is prepared in the spring, students can write an interesting essay.
Essay example
Students write an essay about spring work in the field (Grade 4) with great pleasure. Many of them could watch how parents, grandparents are preparing for sowing vegetables, fruits, planting trees and flowers in the country house, in the garden or garden. They describe their experiences in writing. An example of a short essay is presented below.
“My parents and I are going to the country in the spring. I help them prepare the garden and vegetable garden for the summer. This is an interesting activity. I saw on TV how the fields are prepared in the spring. In the garden, our family does similar work. We are digging up the soil. Dad says it helps the seeds germinate. They get air.
Then we make a greenhouse, which is covered with a film. So the plants will not freeze if the temperature drops sharply at night. When the greenhouse warms up, my parents and I plant carrots, herbs, onions, zucchini, and beans. Dad digs holes and I put seeds in them. Mom digs seedlings and waters them with water. I really like to be with my parents in the country.
Why do we need knowledge about land preparation in spring?
The description of spring work in the field (Grade 4) allows students to realize what kind of work employees of agricultural enterprises put into the process of preparing for the sowing campaign. Own experience schoolchildren in the country, in the garden or vegetable garden also has a positive effect on the formation of their understanding of the importance of such events.
Stories about the spring preparation of fields, vegetable gardens and orchards, personal experience comrades - all this arouses interest in farming, respect for nature. Students begin to appreciate the gifts of nature, understand how hard they are given to people.
Parents should pay attention to attracting their children to the process of preparing a garden in the spring. This will be a real adventure for students. In the process of carrying out the work, children need to explain why this or that action is being carried out.
List of field work
A story about spring work in the field will be easier to write, knowing more about this process. For each type of climate, the actions presented begin to be carried out in different time. Most often in Russia, soil preparation is carried out in the second decade of April. If the spring is warm, work is carried out earlier.
After all the stones, sand are removed, the soil is dug up, it is necessary to apply fertilizer. They must include nitrogen. Both mineral and organic compositions are important. Next, the seeds are sorted and cleaned. They sow the prepared soil.
A survey is carried out on areas that were not sown last year (they were fallow). The brought manure is plowed into the ground. After that, comprehensive measures are taken to prevent or eliminate pests. They depend on climate zone, natural conditions on the field.
Features of field work in spring
Simultaneously with the above events, a number of other spring events are held. field work. In the field, trapping heaps are arranged for the larvae of the May beetles. Agricultural enterprises are working on the development of fertile soils. They are dug up and fertilized.
Seedlings are planted in greenhouses. In warm climates, this procedure is performed on open field. At the same time, seeds and tubers are planted. Enterprises before starting the process of tillage and before the sowing campaign check the readiness of the equipment. Maintenance and repairs are being carried out. The speed of each subsequent operation depends on this. Repairing equipment in the field is problematic and highly undesirable.
Also in the spring, fields can be sown with special crops called green manure. They enrich the soil beneficial substances, improve its structure, have a sanitary effect on the soil. Such plants include representatives of the legume family, cereals, cruciferous crops. The scope of work in the spring period in the fields is extensive. During this period, farmers are making a lot of efforts to ensure future high level harvest.
Spring work in the garden
Spring work in the field, garden, orchard requires a lot of time and effort from farmers, agricultural workers and ordinary summer residents. In order to use the available resources rationally, you need to understand what issues need to be addressed in the first place.
Some inexperienced summer residents spend a huge amount of time on their site to get high yield. If you understand the technology of spring work, you can significantly reduce the time and amount of effort spent in the garden or vegetable garden.
The garden needs to be explored first. Shrubs and trees should be protected from spring sun. If there is no shelter, damage to the bark may appear over time. This will negatively affect the well-being of the plant. For mature, strong trees, most often shelter is not required. It is necessary for young seedlings. Day and night temperatures are very different. Therefore, the trunks of young trees cover nonwovens. In the middle of spring they can be removed.
They argue that on the south side of the trees, a peg should be installed at the trunk. It will somewhat shade the trunk during the warm season. It should be noted that bleaching seedlings is highly undesirable. This slows down their development. The bark may thicken. The tree will spend energy on strengthening its defenses. At the same time, growth will be slowed down. Whitewash clogs the pores of the plant.
In the garden, you will need to trim bushes, pruning fruit trees. This must be done before the sap flow period. If the buds are already starting to swell, do not cut. It is also required to hide evergreen shrubs from the sun. Their color will be richer. When the frosts end, the temperature drops will not be so strong. During this period, shelters can be removed.
Sequence of work in the garden
Spring work in the field, in the garden or garden should be carried out in correct sequence. You need to choose the right plants and seeds for planting. They must be healthy, not damaged or defective.
Digging holes for planting. A plant is installed in them and the roots are sprinkled with earth. For adults fruit plants cut off excess shoots. When the flowering period has passed, dry inflorescences must be removed. To reduce tillage time, can be sown between beds ground cover plants. Mulching is also carried out using special equipment. The amount of tiresome manual labor can be significantly reduced.
It is necessary to take into account the requirements for growing each type of crop. Some plants like shade, while others like light. Watering also needs to be carried out in a timely manner. Stagnation of water in the area can lead to a decrease in yield. Need to think and arrange correct system drainage if water stagnates in the soil.
Works in the garden
Spring work in the field, in the garden requires certain knowledge and skills. It will take a lot of time to bring the soil into the desired state. In the garden, you need to remove various garbage from the beds, stones. It is important to remove insects, their larvae, weeds and other pests.
Introduce into the soil organic fertilizers. For this, compost, rotted manure or peat is suitable. This will fill the soil with the substances necessary for the growth of crops. The soil should not be too dense. If necessary, it can be made easier by adding sand to the soil. If water stagnates on the site, you need to add fine gravel to the soil. If the soil, on the contrary, is too crumbly, you need to add clay to it. It will retain moisture.
The soil needs to be loosened. At the same time, you need to dig it up. It breaks the structure. Nutrients sink deeper. This negatively affects the growth of garden crops. Therefore, loosening is used for beds. The depth of processing should not exceed 10 cm.
Completion of the preparation of the garden
Spring work in the field and garden is carried out taking into account climatic conditions. If there are frosts, large temperature drops, crops need to be covered or grown in a greenhouse.
Lawns need to be raked. If there are potholes in the soil, they need to be filled with soil. The surface of the lawn is sprinkled with fine sand and leveled. In places where the grass does not grow, it is sown again.
You need to remove shelters from plants gradually. This is done at a time when the temperature at night will be quite high. First, the plants are allowed to get used to the temperature outside. Then they are opened.
Having considered the features of spring work in the field, garden and vegetable garden, you can understand the features of this process.
Inveterate summer residents are looking forward to spring thaws to take care of their plots. At first glance, it may seem that there is nothing to do in early spring, since the earth has not yet warmed up, and in some places there is still snow. Spring dacha work includes a whole range of activities to improve the territory and prepare it for the next season.
Essential gardening work in March
First of all, in March or April, you need to remove all covering materials that served as good protection for plants in severe frosts. All structures will have to be thoroughly washed and dried so that when the next winter season comes, you can use them at the right time.
With the first rays of the sun, not only the juicy green of the flowers appears, but weeds also begin to actively break through. Pull them up by their roots from the wet ground. Young moss is well removed with a brush and water pressure from a hose. If you use water to restore order in March, remember that you need to work at positive temperatures, otherwise you yourself will freeze, and the site will turn into an ice rink.
An important stage of work in early spring is soil mulching. On prepared soil, many plants are less susceptible to decay, so you can harvest a good crop of strawberries, cucumbers or pumpkins.
Mulch performs a decorative function, and also protects plants from the scorching rays of the sun and the March cold. For the manufacture of the mulching mixture, sawdust, straw, compost or rotten leaves are most often used.
With the first rays of the sun, summer residents start planting tree seedlings. As long as the tree is dormant, it will do best in the new ground. Spring is also considered the most good time for grafting shrubs and trees.
In early spring, there is a lot of work at the dacha, so the owners of even small plots are looking forward to when the snow melts and at least a little warmer. From spring garden work the amount of harvest in the future, as well as the beauty of your favorite site, directly depends.
