Reinforcement of openings. Reinforcement of load-bearing walls. When Reinforcing a Doorway Is Necessary Reinforcement of Doorways

The cost of amplification installation depends on the type of amplification and material specifications. There are standard solutions for reinforcing a standard size opening in panel house. In most of these cases, the reinforcement of the openings is done with a corner around the perimeter.
To calculate the cost of non-standard reinforcements or wide openings, we need to familiarize ourselves with the project, which you can send by e-mail indicating the address of the object or WhatsApp 89257715642, 89261524271.

Cheap openings with reinforcement and defect repair

If you don't have a project and you are going to make a hole without permission or you do not need documents from us, we can offer you to make an opening reinforced with a channel or a corner for a standard solution.

Below is the cheapest cost of ready-made openings with reinforcement channel without documents from us.

Opening in a panel house with typical reinforcement from a channel, including metal and its delivery. At the junction nodes there is a corner and a strip. Anchors and plate (heels) under the channel.

Separate removal of the remaining construction debris: 4,000 rubles for taking out garbage into a container (openings in the walls 14-18 cm thick), if there is no container + 7,000 rubles for a container within the Moscow Ring Road. Lead time is one or two working days (depending on the thickness of the wall and a break for noisy work). Metal in size for reinforcement is prepared at the work site.

Strengthening openings in brick walls

Complete dismantling of the load-bearing wall followed by box
reinforcement according to the project.

Preparation of metal to strengthen the openings on the ground floor. Metal in size is always prepared on site.

Installation of combined reinforcement bearing walls.

Ready-made combined reinforcement of the opening on the top floor in a 2-room apartment after partial dismantling of the load-bearing walls and dismantling of the reinforced concrete lintel according to the MNIITEP project (view A).

Ready-made combined reinforcement of the opening on the top floor in a 2-room apartment after shortening the load-bearing walls and dismantling the reinforced concrete lintel according to the MNIITEP project (view B from the kitchen).

Complicated reinforcement of wide openings after dismantling the walls
27 bolted channel according to the project.

Box reinforcement of openings with channels.

When expanding the opening to a wide size, the project provided for reinforcement with a channel 20 under the ceiling with additional piping with a 140 corner.

Before cutting a wide opening, the opening is first reinforced with a tie rod.

Finished opening with tie rod reinforcement
according to the project.

Standard opening with two-row reinforcement with a tie rod
according to the project.

Reinforcement of a wide opening in a load-bearing wall as prescribed by the Moscow Housing Inspectorate
with partial sealing of the opening.

Reinforced opening for a niche and reinforced doorway according to the project
in the carrier brick wall.

Complex reinforcement of the opening in a 20 cm wall according to the project
developer SU-155 (Mosaic).

Combining two apartments, complex combined reinforcement
opening according to the project.

The upper node of the combined reinforcement of the opening.

bottom knot combined reinforcement of the opening.

Combined reinforcement of the opening from a channel and a corner in a monolithic wall.

Framing the opening with metal according to the project.

Reinforcement of a wide opening in a panel house on the top floor
according to the project.

Reinforcement of the opening from a 140 corner in a 24 cm monolithic wall
according to the project.

Combined opening reinforcement. Before cutting a wide opening, a preliminary reinforcement is placed with a channel under the floor slab of the upper floor ( standard project MOSPROJECT).

The finished opening, only after the installation of the main reinforcement, the preliminary reinforcement is dismantled.

Fixing a marriage. According to the project, the reinforcement of the previously made opening and the binding of the column with 125 corner.

Strengthening the opening in a brick wall and tying the column.

Extension monolithic floor with reinforcement from channel 27
according to the project.

Partial dismantling of the ceiling and installation of reinforcement,
24 channel starts under the walls.

Finished opening with reinforcement in the ceiling according to the project.

And such projects for strengthening openings are not uncommon. The channel is welded to the reinforcement in the wall.

To open the reinforcement, you have to knock down the edges with a jackhammer.

Strengthening the opening in monolith 22 according to the project

Reinforcement of openings welding of exposed reinforcement according to the project.

Reinforcement of a wide opening in concrete wall according to the project.

Strengthening the opening, the project provides for the "drowning" of the channel into the wall and its screed with studs.

ATTENTION! We do not have other sites, but on many Runet sites, the topics of which are: diamond cutting, redevelopment of apartments, reinforcement of openings and walls, drilling of holes- posted photos of works made by the company Slom Service, as well as information from the site website.

To make the premises more functional and attractive from an aesthetic point of view, their owners tend to build various options outbuildings; move interior partitions; punch, widen, or reshape window or door openings. Such actions qualify as redevelopment of the space of the room.

This is a laborious and rather troublesome business - at least for those who seek to do such work with their own hands. Even if the building is private property, such actions must be coordinated with the appropriate authority.

Permits for redevelopment are issued by the housing inspection, and what is required for this, and how doorways are arranged and strengthened, we will tell with the help of the video in this article.

Imagine that the transfer doorway, even if it is produced in a non-carrier interior partition, is also a redevelopment. Only now, the owners of apartments cannot always correctly determine whether this or that wall is really non-bearing.

As a result, the price of such actions turns out to be too high: even if unauthorized intervention did not lead to destruction, it can be impossible to sell an apartment or house afterward. Therefore, even if you just need to move the door, do it the right way.

How to know if a wall is load bearing

Both for an apartment and for a private residential building, the owner has a floor plan, which, when the building is put into operation, is issued by the BTI. Most often, load-bearing walls on it are displayed thicker than partitions. But this is not always the case, and much depends on the type of house.

• In houses that we used to call "Khrushchevs", especially brick ones, the partitions are always non-bearing. But in multi-apartment panel houses built according to modern projects, loads from floors are distributed on almost all partitions. There is nothing surprising in this, it’s just that construction technologies change over time, and this must be taken into account.

• External and inter-apartment walls are always load-bearing. As for the interior wall, the easiest way to determine whether it is a carrier is by its thickness. The enclosing structure, 8-10 cm thick, obviously does not carry any loads, and you can safely make a new opening in it by laying the old one with a brick.

Note! The only thing that the owner of the apartment needs to do in this case is to notify the housing inspection of the redevelopment of the opening. To do this, you should take a copy of the floor plan of the premises, display the design changes on it, and attach it to the relevant application.

At the appointed time, an inspection officer will come to you and duly coordinate and formalize the acceptance of the apartment after the redevelopment has been made. In order to slightly expand the opening in such a partition, no approvals are required.

But how to get permission for more significant design changes, the instructions will tell in our next chapter.

How to coordinate an opening in a load-bearing wall

As you can see, with ordinary partitions everything is simple, and the approval for the transfer of the opening is made after the completion of the work. It is a completely different matter when it comes to a load-bearing wall. In order to make such structural changes in it, permission is required - moreover, both the transfer and the expansion of the opening will have to be coordinated with the housing inspection.

• By the way, not only individuals but also legal. So a company that has conceived such changes, for example, in its office, is also required to have a permit document in hand. The only thing that does not require approval is a change in the direction of opening the inner door.
• To obtain permission to make structural changes in the load-bearing wall, first of all, you need to obtain a technical opinion from the organization that designed the building. If you succeeded, then with this paper you can safely go to the design bureau. It looks like the one shown in the photo below.

• Further, copies of the certificate of ownership and registration certificate for the apartment are attached to the drawing, and an application is written for redevelopment. In a month and a half you will receive the desired permission - although not a fact. A 100% positive answer will be given to you if you have a conclusion from the author of the project.
• If you failed to get such a conclusion, then there is no guarantee that you will be allowed to move the opening, even if you submit a project. In any case, you need to apply for approval in advance, since upon the fact of unauthorized redevelopment, permission will not be issued at all, but they will also be punished.
• After the approvals are over, and you finally have permission, you can start work. When they are completed, the owner of the premises must notify the housing inspectorate and ensure the presence of its representative for acceptance and drawing up the relevant act. After that, an engineer from the BTI will also come to you, who will put the last point in this epic.

• What situations are taken into account by the housing inspectorate when considering an application for redevelopment of an opening in a load-bearing wall? Basically, the difficulties arise for the owners of apartments in multi-storey buildings. First of all, the total number of floors in the house matters.
• The higher it is, the less the load on the floors becomes, and the more likely it is to get approval for the reconstruction of the wall. The age of the building is also taken into account. If, for example, it is more than half a century old, touching dilapidated structures can be simply dangerous. If permission for punching is given in such cases, then most often it is limited to an opening width of 90 cm.
• Again, when it comes to multi-storey buildings, the housing inspection examines the condition of the walls in all apartments below you and above you. If one of your neighbors has already punched a hole in this wall, then you may not get permission. And they can, and vice versa, demand to shift it to the side.

In this case, all related factors are analyzed. For example, an opening on inner wall should not be located in the area of ​​​​the junction of floor slabs; it also cannot be located closer than one meter to the outer wall.

An obstacle to punching an opening can also be the presence of ventilation ducts or chimneys, electrical wiring that cannot be moved. All these nuances require careful study - which is what the housing inspection does when considering applications.

The project as the basis for redevelopment work

The load-bearing wall, the original integrity of which was violated by knocking out or sawing out a fragment, needs to be strengthened. For this purpose, apply metal constructions, whose role is to make up for the lost strength of the wall.

For this, a redevelopment project is needed. In addition to the size of the opening, and the rolled metal used to reinforce it, you can find a lot of other necessary information in the drawings.

• For example, the project will propose a variant of arranging temporary support posts, the places for installing anchors are indicated, and the nodes for attaching the metal to the floor are shown on an enlarged scale. The designers will even suggest best way- after all, the metal structure needs to be hidden somehow.

• Framing options for openings are different, depending on the type of walls. In houses built on a reinforced concrete or metal frame, or having monolithic walls, the gain is minimal, and on the upper floors it may not be provided at all.

If we talk about brickwork, then here you have to strengthen the opening even in the partition. But in panel houses of modern construction, they will not be allowed to reschedule doorways at all.

The thing is that today they are being erected not even from individual panels, but from three-dimensional blocks, which are load-bearing along the entire perimeter. Accordingly, there can be no talk of any additional openings here.

Aperture reinforcement technology

So it turns out that most often openings are punched in brick walls.

To reinforce them, a channel is usually used, which, as a jumper, is laid on both sides in pre-cut grooves with a prepared heel. They are pulled together with anchor bolts, and if the wall thickness exceeds 50 cm, the crossbars are also welded to them.

• The length of the steel beams is calculated as follows: divide the height of the opening in half, and add 15 cm to the resulting figure.
• Regardless of whether a new opening is being punched in a brick wall, or an old one is expanding, reinforcement is first made, and then fragments of the slopes are removed. If this is done manually, then first drill around the perimeter of the opening through holes, and then the jackhammer is already involved.

• But in general, there is such a technology as diamond cutting of structures. It is carried out at the request of the customer by specialized companies that have various equipment in their arsenal that allows you to quickly and dust-free cut concrete, reinforced concrete, and thick brickwork.
• Another thing is that not in every city, not to mention smaller settlements, such a service is available. In this case, only percussion instrument, but, for example, in panel houses, it cannot be used - and this will certainly be reflected in the project. Vibrations and shock loads can cause cracks in concrete. And this can be fraught for the whole house, although the consequences may not appear immediately.
• As for the strengthening of the slopes, in some cases it is not produced. If such a need exists, then from the same channel, or an unequal steel angle, a frame is mounted around the entire perimeter. This is what a project for redevelopment of openings is for: why do work at random, when everything will be calculated in the drawings to the smallest detail.

• In the construction of walls and partitions are used various materials: the wall can be monolithic, prefabricated, well, lined with bricks or decorative blocks. Naturally, all this affects the choice of the option of strengthening the punched opening. Only the marking process looks the same.

Walls that are more than 0.5m thick are not uncommon - especially when openings break through into basements. In this case, even a wall saw cannot cut through the entire thickness at once. Therefore, the markup has to be done on both sides.

Correct marking is the key to high-quality cutting

The main task is to correctly determine the level of the horizontal part of the opening on one side, and accurately transfer it to the other side.

• Do this using water or laser level, focusing on perpendicular walls, or through drilling along the perimeter of the opening. Those who are trying to do such work on their own should be aware that in order to avoid displacement of marks, the drill must enter the wall at a strictly right angle.
• To achieve this, all means are good: someone pulls on the mooring line, which plasterers use to control the horizontality of rows of masonry; someone temporarily fixes a guide profile on the wall, as drywallers do. The main thing is to understand how important it is to make the markup correctly.

• For firms providing such services to customers, such problems do not exist. Most of them use special electronic equipment, consisting of elements such as a detector and a target. They are installed on opposite surfaces of the wall, and when they are combined, they give a sound signal.

If the markup is done correctly, we can assume that half the work has already been done. After that, they begin to shred the wall in the place where the jumper will be installed.

We think everyone understands why it is mounted before removing a piece of the wall. metal beam allows you to redistribute the load from the weight of the floor, and the own weight of the wall.

Because of design features standard prefabricated residential buildings, organize exclusive, individual project or an interesting planning solution, it is very difficult. To improve the functionality of the premises, many property owners are thinking about redevelopment. Very often, the performers are tasked with moving an opening in a load-bearing wall. To make such serious changes to the interior, it is advisable to attract qualified specialists from reliable, proven construction and repair organizations MskDemontazh and Almaz-Leader.

Experienced craftsmen will perform all the necessary activities as quickly and efficiently as possible and help to avoid possible errors. Professionals do not recommend dismantling a section of a load-bearing wall on their own, especially for persons without relevant specialized knowledge and modern equipment. Incorrectly mounted reinforcement can cause fatal consequences and lead to local collapse of part of the building. In order for everything to go without incident, you need to mount a protective frame that will take on the load from the overlying ceilings.

Our craftsmen devote to the question reinforcement of the opening in a panel house Special attention, because the successful outcome of the repair and the life of all residents depends on this. In such buildings, the use of channel reinforcement is unacceptable; for safety reasons, it is customary to use a steel corner. Metal carcass it should be certain thickness which is calculated in advance.

The sequence of actions when reinforcing the doorway with a corner:

1. Installation of temporary wooden racks in thrust with concrete floor;
2. Sawing out the strobe for the installation of the frame and lintel;
3. Installation of rack corners in a predetermined position, cutting off a part of the shelf at the corner of the metal jumper, followed by installation and welding to the racks;
4. Sawing parts of the wall structure for the installation of support angles;
5. Installation and welding of support angles;
6. Step by step, with scalding the frame with plates;
7. Surface finishing.

Advance preparation is the key to success

Performance opening reinforcement calculation in order to determine the bearing capacity of the walls of the bearing wall - this is an obligatory step, the implementation of which is rationally entrusted to the craftsmen "". Rugged and reliable load-bearing elements buildings are a guarantee of the integrity and stability of the entire building, so the correct calculation will allow you to find out several important points:

• How safe is it to form an opening of given dimensions in this particular place;
• What method of strengthening will be most effective in the current situation;
• Will the remaining intact fragments of the wall be able to cope with the predicted loads, etc.

Employees of "" at the stage of carrying out verification calculations will give a competent assessment of the strength characteristics of the bearing wall, taking into account such fundamental factors as:

1. Geometric dimensions of the opening;
2. Operating and planned loads;
3. Possible defects in wall structures, degree of damage structural elements etc.

After a thorough, multi-stage check, a technical opinion will be drawn up on the advisability of further dismantling work on this section of the facility. A deep engineering survey with numerous design manipulations and an appropriate expert assessment will make life easier for the customer and help get rid of possible problems in future.

The improper condition of the structures in operation may cause changes to the design documentation for future redevelopment. It is the responsibility of the performers to ensure that the safest and most effective way to reformat the interior with minimal disruption. Our specialists are guided by generally accepted building codes and adhere to safety precautions at all stages of the work process. We are fully responsible for the final result and guarantee the customer that all procedures will be carried out at the highest performing level. We provide the client with full reporting on the work performed, including:

• Project documentation with drawings of the opening, a diagram of the reinforcing metal structure, detailing of nodal connections and other important aspects;
• Accounts for the amount of materials used, equipment used;
• Information about the services provided, regarding the sequence of manipulations performed, from preparatory phase before delivery of the finished dismantling project to the customer.

Order the whole range of repair activities from the recognized industry leaders "MskDemontazh" and "Almaz-Leader" - it's cheap, convenient and reliable.

Strengthening the load-bearing floors of the building when expanding existing openings or the device is performed using metal profile- channel or corner. Channel, of course, is considered more solid construction, but the corner version of the reinforcement is more convenient in execution and fits snugly against the wall.

Subject to all technical requirements and the correct calculation of the distributed load, reinforcement of the doorway with a corner can be performed both in a standard panel and in a massive brick or concrete wall.

Stages of work

The installation of metal corners can be started immediately after the opening in the load-bearing wall is ready. The frame is assembled first. To do this, the corners are cut to the required size and rigidly fastened to the wall with clamps. Holes for anchors are drilled in the frame. For greater reliability, all frame parts must be welded. Clamps are removed, all frame parts are welded, and the structure itself is fixed in the wall with anchors. Additionally, the corners are interconnected by transverse metal plates.

Support elements are welded to the base of the frame to reduce point load and correctly redistribute the weight.

Cavities and gaps remain between the frame and the wall. Get rid of them with a self-expanding cement-sand mortar. After caulking, the solution hardens, filling all cavities and voids and fixing the metal structure.

Types of corner structures

In order to strengthen the standard window opening, it is enough to mount the upper metal lintel.

Doorways are strengthened around the entire perimeter using a welded U-shaped structure. Its installation on a massive wall begins with the installation of the upper lintel BEFORE cutting the opening itself. This is necessary in order to avoid the appearance of cracks and destruction in the bearing wall. The corners are inserted into the grooves cut in advance by a wall chaser and take on the main load. And then the device of the opening itself is performed. It is better if this is done using diamond cutting.

This method allows:

• Avoid destructive vibration effects on floors (as is the case with a sledgehammer or perforator);
• Get smooth and neat cut edges that do not need to be further leveled with mortar or cut with a grinder. Such edges allow you to make a comfortable and quick installation reinforcing corner construction flush.

Prices for reinforcing openings with a corner depend on which products are chosen for the installation of a metal frame or lintel - equal-shelf or multi-shelf, hot-rolled or bent. Required view products are indicated in the design documentation. Hot-rolled products are considered more reliable. Shelf corners are used when it is necessary to reduce the weight of the finished reinforcing frame, while maintaining the ability to withstand load-bearing loads.