Finishing and insulation of facades of panel houses. Features of wall insulation in a panel house. Wall preparation

The suddenly increased relevance of warming the facade of an apartment is, in particular, associated with the rapid rise in the cost of energy carriers and housing and communal services, which necessitates financial savings and more efficient consumption of heating resources.

The problem is that most of the currently operated apartment buildings built almost half a century ago, and their thermal insulation is far from being as effective as their owners would like.

Statistics show that heat loss through the walls of the house reaches 50% of the total heat loss, which, you see, is more than significant. This indicator primarily depends on the design features of the house itself, for panel houses it is maximum, for brick - somewhat less.

Insulation of the facades of apartments is beneficial, from which side you don’t look, if you have autonomous heating, then you can save about 20% percent of the previously spent amount on gas consumption, and if you are connected to central heating, then the average temperature in the room will increase by at least 3-4 degrees (and if you put it on 5-6).

1 Legal features

According to federal laws, unauthorized change of the facade apartment building is prohibited, therefore, in order to insulate the walls of the apartment, you will need to obtain permission from the relevant authorities (housing and communal services).

Usually, obtaining a permit is not accompanied by special difficulties, for this you just need to go to the housing and communal services and talk with the people responsible for this, sometimes you may need to write a petition with your own hand, which indicates that you will take full responsibility for the safety of performing work on the insulation of walls on a multi-storey building . However, there are situations in which you can get a refusal to warm.

As a rule, it is difficult to obtain permission for the insulation of the facades of new houses, geographically located in the city center. In case of refusal, the only thing left for you is to insulate the walls from the inside of the house, which can also provide high efficiency thermal insulation of the apartment.

Moreover, the joint insulation of facades with is much better in purely technical terms, since the occurrence of a dew point is prevented, which is formed due to the difference in freezing temperature between insulated and non-insulated sections of the facades, as a result of which the walls of the apartment expand and contract differently, which can threaten their accelerated destruction.

Also, with the wrong technology for insulating the walls outside the apartment, moisture can get under the insulation, which, when frozen in the cold season, expands and peels off the heat-insulating material from the wall of the house. As you understand, a monolithic insulation, mounted on several apartments at once, is less afraid of such troubles.

1.1 Choice of performers

As a rule, all work on the insulation of facades multi-storey buildings performed by special firms or industrial climbers. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right contractor who has the necessary knowledge, experience, and all required permits.

Since the insulation of the walls of the apartment from the outside is related to high-altitude work, which is directly related to risk, do not be surprised that the cost of the contractor's labor will exceed the total cost of materials for work - professional industrial climbers know the price of their work, and usually do not work for cheap.

Be sure to require the contractor to show you documents such as the “License to conduct construction works” and “Permission to carry out high-altitude work”, it would also not be superfluous to find out reviews from previous clients of this company, or a team of workers - whether they are satisfied with the result, how much the apartment walls were insulated for, how the contractor treats his duties, and so on.

It is also recommended to check with the contractor for the addresses of the houses in which they have already performed similar work with, and go to look at the quality of the facade insulation. Such precautions, although they take a lot of time, will help you avoid many problems associated with unscrupulous performers in the future.

After the contractor is selected, he must draw up project documentation related to the specifics of the work, namely:

Drawings of the facades of apartments, with a detailed indication of the dimensions of window frames, cornices, and other architectural elements that are present outside the house;
Data on the boundary loads that the walls of the house may experience;
The class of thermal insulation of the walls of the house - this point is the starting point when choosing the material used to insulate the walls of the apartment, both outside and inside.

2 Choice of thermal insulation material

Insulation of the facades of apartments can be performed with the following materials:

Styrofoam;
Styrofoam;
Mineral wool (very effective);
Foam glass.

Each of these heat insulators has its own advantages and disadvantages, which determine the relevance of their use in a particular situation.

Styrofoam insulation is the most budgetary, and, therefore, the most common option. Styrofoam is insulated anywhere, and anything, even when the effectiveness of this heat insulator will obviously not be enough. The pursuit of cheapness is the main mistake of most people, since using low-quality heat insulators you will not get the expected effect of insulation.

In general, if the walls initially have a normal thermal insulation class, then insulation of the building from the outside with foam may be quite enough. If you decide to insulate the house with foam plastic, then keep in mind that the higher the density of this material, the less heat-conducting properties it has, and, as a result, it is better suited for insulation.

Expanded polystyrene is also a fairly inexpensive material, and, at the same time, its thermal insulation properties are an order of magnitude better than those of conventional foam.

The advantages of this material include minimal weight, ease of installation (it is great for facing a corner apartment), and hydrophobicity - polystyrene foam does not actually absorb water, which has a positive effect on its service life.

The disadvantages of expanded polystyrene are the following: instability to fire (requires the installation of special fire jumpers), and lack of sound insulation. Expanded polystyrene, in general, is great for both thermal insulation of walls from the outside, as well as from the inside of the house.

Mineral wool is one of the most effective insulators, however, the cost of this material significantly exceeds the cost of analogues, therefore, it is rarely used for thermal insulation of facades.

To the pluses mineral wool include fire safety (the material does not burn), hydrophobicity, and good soundproofing properties. Mineral wool has only one significant drawback - a relatively large weight, as a result of which its installation on the building facade is carried out with a large number of fasteners (dowels).

Foam glass is the most expensive material used to insulate apartment facades. If you are not limited in funds, then preference should be given to him, since this insulation has excellent thermal insulation properties, durability, and hydrophobicity. Foam glass does not burn, fungus, mold, and other microorganisms do not start in it.

In addition to the insulation itself, you will need to purchase a large number of related materials, such as:

Construction glue, liquid foam, dowels - for fastening;
Plaster mixture - for leveling the surface;
Primer - for additional waterproofing of the insulation, and for better adhesion of plaster with paint;
Reinforcement mesh - to strengthen the plaster layer;
Facade paints for - as a rule, housing and communal services require that the insulation be painted with paint that matches the main color of the building.

Payment to the contractor is made upon completion of all work, according to the act drawn up by the foreman, which indicates the entire range of work performed, and the separate cost of each element.

Used to insulate pipelines.

A few years after the construction of a panel house, the residents have a question: how to properly insulate it? Over time, the ability concrete slabs keep warm air and prevent the penetration of cold is significantly reduced. Heat loss begins not only through windows, but also through walls. In winter, this situation begins not only to bring some discomfort to the existence of the family, but also to be very annoying. There is only one way out of this situation - the insulation of the walls of the panel house.

Insulate the facade of a panel house

If you insulate the room from the outside, you can avoid heat loss through the wall, which will also serve as an obstacle to the destruction of the structure. In addition, the use of various finishing materials will give the house a new, more modern look. External insulation has other advantages:

tenants can continue to live in the house during construction work;
the temperature inside the building is increased by the use of thermal insulation material;
the dimensions of the room remain the same;
the design of the room becomes stronger, the service life increases;
thermal insulation plays the role of soundproofing material, reducing the likelihood of noise entering the room.

Insulation of a panel house from the outside is very effective, because it allows you to reduce heat loss and save on paying for the coolant. In some cases, the amount of savings reaches half the usual cost.

Necessary materials and tools

Keeping warm without the use of additional electrical appliances can be very effective. For a properly organized process, there are different kinds insulating materials. The most popular are:

mineral wool;
drywall;
Styrofoam;
plaster.

The materials used in the work must certainly be of high quality. Otherwise, getting a positive effect will be a big question. Some of the materials presented on the modern construction market are designed specifically for use in outdoor conditions.

How to insulate walls

There are two technologies by which the walls are insulated:

Wet facade.
Ventilated facade.

For insulation using the materials described above, use the first method. To organize a ventilated facade, a system for creating metal frame, on which the finishing material is subsequently attached.

The method by which the reinforcement is carried out with finishing materials in case the "wet" method of protecting facades is chosen is quite simple. The wall to be treated is necessarily treated with mastic, after which it is left to dry.

The surface, dried after processing the joints, is ready for further work. She will have to be covered with a primer, which can be done using both a roller and a special sprayer.

High-quality insulation of a panel house begins with floor protection. This issue is especially relevant for citizens living on the first floors. In most cases, they have to resort to such events.

To reduce heat loss through the floor, the builders provided for the construction of a lag on the floor of an apartment located on the 1st floor. high-rise building. To cells that are organized by the intersection of elements wooden structure, lay insulating materials. It can be either foam plastic or mineral wool, or more exotic material options: expanded clay or sawdust. (You can read more about the types and brands of expanded clay here).

Modern building and finishing materials are presented in such a variety that each owner of the premises will find his own version of floor insulation. In addition, new materials are constantly appearing, but they have managed to prove themselves perfectly. This can be said about such types of heaters as polyurethane foam or penoizol. The use of even a thin 30 mm layer of these materials will significantly reduce heat loss.

You can learn how to insulate the floor in a room with your own hands quickly and efficiently by watching the video.

A large amount of useful heat energy is wasted in panel house through seams. This problem can also be easily solved by processing them. Monolithic solution of the distance between the plates allows you to fill the existing voids in the seams and contributes to the insulation of the entire structure as a whole.

The choice of mixtures that can be used to fill the seams in a panel house involves both their own preparation and purchase in ready-made. One way or another, these compositions can be filled with foam balls to delay the flow of heat, and with particles of air to keep the heat trying to get into the street.

If the distance between the seams is large, then you can fill it with a soft insulating fiber. In the role of it is the well-known mineral wool. Her key features the following:

high compression ratio;
possibility of use in work at negative air temperatures;
ease of use, which consists in ease of installation and the absence of a list of tools, without which the work would be impossible.

Mineral wool fibers are volatile, and they can also release formaldehyde components. These facts lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of this material in the insulation of panel joints. More practical in such a situation is stone wool, which is safe for the health of residents and has fibers that do not break.

Modern insulation, which is used very often. It is quite economical, easy to use and easy to install. Independent installation work is possible even for an inexperienced person, and work on high floors requires the involvement of industrial climbers.

After the plates on the outside have been processed, insulation can be attached to them. If foam is used as this material, then you should remember the recommended thickness of the material. It should not be less than 50 mm. On the inside of each sheet should be applied glue, which is specially designed for work of this kind.

The laying of insulation should not be accompanied by the formation of cracks, because the work will not make sense: precious heat will escape through them. This can be avoided only with the competent organization of installation work and the use, in addition to glue, and other types of fasteners.

Mineral wool

Many manufacturers work with this type of insulation, like mineral wool. It is quite effective, but there are certain nuances when working with this material. So, cotton wool should not get wet, otherwise its thermal insulation properties will be lost. To avoid the accumulation of moisture in the layers of insulation, before installation, the material is protected by laying vapor barrier materials.

Drywall

The issue of room insulation must be taken seriously. In certain climatic conditions, wall insulation with mineral wool is considered quite justified. In this case, you can not do without drywall sheets.

In this way, it is possible to insulate not only facade surfaces, but also residential premises: balconies, loggias, walls inside technical premises. At the same time, you should be more careful with the amount of mineral wool used. Its excess will not only not make the apartment warmer, but will also contribute to excessive cooling.

Preparatory work

Turning an apartment into a room that meets all the requirements for thermal insulation is possible. To do this, it is necessary to correctly organize measures for warming. A big role is played by preparatory stage. It needs:

process the joints between the plates;
carefully seal the gaps;
clean all cracks from construction debris;
seal all parts of the building that will be in contact with the insulation;
insulation of large gaps with mineral or stone wool.

If the cracks were additionally insulated, a layer of mastic must be placed on top.

How to insulate a panel house. Step-by-step instruction

The instructions for warming a panel house contain the following steps:

the choice of material and its quantity depending on climatic conditions and purposes;
purchase of materials and construction tools;
drying walls with a heat gun;
removal possible finishing from the walls to be insulated;
applying an antiseptic composition to surfaces that will soon be covered;
applying a primer; (how to properly apply a primer, see the article Wall Primer - Surface Preparation)
sealing of seams, if necessary - additional insulation;
installation of insulation (using glue, drywall sheets and metal frame)
the use of metal mesh for additional reinforcement;
insulation trim if necessary.

Experts with extensive experience in installation work advise:

to insulate the camp of a panel house in the summer;
with external insulation, it will be useful to insulate the inner parts of the wall;
the best option would be to use seamless technologies, as this will save additional heat;
some modern technologies are very convenient, for example, the use of foamed polyurethane for insulation, which can even be applied by spraying;
do not forget about the use of vapor barrier;
the selected material should not be afraid of moisture.

Compliance with installation rules thermal insulation materials will not only make the room warmer and more comfortable, but also significantly extend the life of the walls, because an additional layer of coating protects them from destruction.

Source: stroyobzor.info

How to insulate a panel house from the outside

Panel buildings are characterized by weak heat-saving properties. For their thermal insulation, it is worth using heat-saving materials of greater thickness than for houses made of wooden beams and bricks. Insulation of panel walls from the outside is the best option, which will save up to 50% of heat inside the room.

This option attracts by the fact that during the repair you do not need to look for temporary housing, after the completion of the work, the cubic capacity of the apartment does not change. External insulation protects panel houses from freezing, thawing, moisture accumulation, and other atmospheric phenomena.

Preparing for insulation

Thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside is carried out by teams of craftsmen. You can independently master this work for those who are engaged in industrial mountaineering, that is, they directly work as a high-altitude assembler. Preparatory work before gluing the heat-insulating material looks like this:

Check the tightness of the joints between the plates of the building. If there are gaps, they are thoroughly cleaned of dust, debris, dirt for subsequent sealing.
After stripping, the joints are dried, primed. From the inside, the gaps are sealed with porous nairite, poroizol for maximum insulation.
When the joints are processed, sealed, they are primed again, then coated with bituminous mastic.
After drying, the mastics begin to clean the walls. They clean off the old peeling plaster, paint, after which the surfaces are primed, which will improve the adhesion of the wall and the adhesive.

Tools that wizards use to work:

Equipment for industrial mountaineering;
Bucket, perforator, spatula and drill to it, hammer;
Umbrellas for fixing insulation, a construction knife.

Insulating materials

External insulation of panel buildings is carried out using traditional materials:

Glass wool is a fibrous material with good elasticity and strength. It is produced in plates, when working with it, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.
Polyfoam - foamed plastic with low thermal conductivity, low price, ease of cutting, installation.

Modern thermal insulation materials have the advantages of predecessors, new advantages. For work use:

Polyurethane foam, initially liquid, after solidification, a solid insulation, which is poured into the cracks, filling the smallest voids. It retains heat well, ideal for processing hard-to-reach places, after hardening it forms a monolithic seamless surface.
Extruded polystyrene foam, which has frost resistance, low thermal conductivity, does not absorb water.
Cotton wool is basalt, produced from basalt rocks. Differs in environmental friendliness, service life makes up to 40 years.
Mineral wool is a fibrous insulation made from silicates, slags, rocks. Attracts environmental friendliness, ease of installation.

Advantages of external thermal insulation of panel houses

The wall takes on an aesthetic appearance.
Mechanical, shrinkage deformations of panels are reduced.
The temperature fluctuations of the structure are reduced.
The water absorption of surfaces is reduced, providing an optimal microclimate inside the dwelling.
The insulation prevents the destruction of structures, creating a reliable moisture barrier.
Sealing the joints between the plates increases the heat capacity of the structure, provides maximum sound and vibration absorption.

Panel house insulation technology outside

Insulation of the facade and end walls of panel houses is carried out:

Dry method, including installation of a heat shield on outer surface buildings.
Wet method with the application of liquid building mixtures, for example, decorative plaster.
Combined, including both of the above technologies.

The advantages of the wet method are that the material is applied in a continuous layer, preventing the formation of cold bridges on the surface of the walls. Decorative plasters give buildings an attractive appearance.

The advantages of the dry method are a wide range of thermal insulation materials, insulation options. The heat shield is strong, durable and weather resistant.

Work process

After the revision, processing of the joints between the panels, they proceed directly to the wall cladding, insulation of the panel house from the outside. Most often, polystyrene foam sheets are used as the material. For gluing insulation, ready-made building adhesives are used. They are applied to expanded polystyrene plates, after which they are attached tightly to each other.

Laying starts from the bottom up, if necessary, a limiter set according to the level is installed below. With rotational movements, the adhesive mixture is evenly distributed under the sheet. Another way is to apply a heater, moving a couple of centimeters to the side, then, slightly pressing on the sheet, move it to the right place. Until the adhesive mixture has dried, the sheets are fixed with plastic umbrella dowels using a hammer and a perforator.

Important: The length of the dowel should be equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 6 cm. For 1 m2 you will need 4 “umbrellas. Do not use metal dowels, which can easily become cold bridges, lowering the temperature inside the home.

Then, using a spatula, a reinforcing mesh is mounted over the heat-insulating materials, which they begin to glue from the end and front corners of the building. The adhesive mixture is applied to the surface, a reinforcing mesh is placed on top with an overlap of 10 cm, pressing it 2-3 mm into the adhesive. After that, the plane is leveled with 2 layers of glue. When the glue dries, proceed to the finishing of the walls outside.

Thermal insulation with new materials using modern technologies

The walls of panel buildings today are insulated from the outside with polyurethane foam, foam plastic.

Polyurethane foam is not afraid of temperature changes, high humidity. It is produced in panels with a standard width of 1.115 m, arbitrary length, thickness - from 25 to 100 mm. Boards can be foil-coated, coated with paper and cached polyethylene or paper with foil interspersed. The panels are glued to the adhesive mixtures used for the installation of foam, from above they can be strengthened with mushroom-shaped self-tapping screws.

Penoplex is many times denser than polystyrene, non-combustible, has a high density. It is produced in slabs of 12060 cm with a thickness of 2-10 cm, it happens with 1 foil side. It is laid outside the panel walls as you like, vertically, horizontally, securing with umbrella screws.

Important: If you use penoplex, you should pay attention that ceramic tile does not adhere well to its surface. For reliable adhesion, heavy-duty adhesives are used.

Before laying the thermal insulation material, the walls should be treated with antifungal compounds.
Whatever work is carried out, it is worth using the building level.
Thermal insulation from the outside is more effective than similar work indoors.
In parallel with the thermal insulation of the walls, it is worth sealing the cracks in the window openings, under the windowsill, and glazing the balcony. This will significantly improve the indoor climate.
Additionally, the installation of a system on the principle of "warm floor" inside the apartment will help to insulate the walls.

It is important to entrust the thermal insulation of the home from the outside to professionals. It is extremely difficult to implement this on our own, it is associated with a lot of difficulties. It is worth discussing the cost of services with the contractor in advance, and you should contact only those contractors who guarantee the work performed.

Source: strojdvor.ru

How and how to insulate the walls of a panel house from the outside

The walls of a panel house eventually need to be additional insulation. Unlike brick buildings, with a temperature difference, they can freeze, accumulate moisture, which leads to the destruction of the external facade of the house, the appearance of cracks, mold and other unpleasant changes. Residents may notice that the apartments are cold, despite the presence of heating. To eliminate the consequences of such changes, and to keep the level of heat inside the premises as much as possible, it is recommended to insulate the panel house from the outside.

Benefits of outdoor insulation

External insulation of the house will not only prevent heat leakage through the walls, but also protect the facade from further destruction. Using various options decorative design the exterior of the house will look new. In addition, wall insulation from the outside has the following advantages:

no need for time repair work evict tenants from the house,
increasing the temperature inside the building by protecting the walls from freezing and other adverse effects of weather conditions,
there is no change in the size of the interior - the entire living area is preserved,
insulation technology strengthens the supporting structure of the panel house, the building becomes more durable and its service life increases,
a layer of insulation on the outside acts as an additional good soundproofing of the building.

External wall insulation is most effective for panel houses - it is possible to save up to 50% of heat.

Types of insulation

The choice of what material is better to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
rainfall, wind strength and speed,
allocated budget for the insulation of a panel house,
other individual factors.

The estimate and project for the work is usually Management Company or HOA. And the team of industrial climbers directly performs the process of warming from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. She has good performance in terms of basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, care must be taken to ensure that mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.

When finishing with a ventilated facade, condensate from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane can be omitted.

Differs in ease, simplicity when laying plates on a wall. It also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation. For outdoor work, it is important to use a material that does not support self-combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94. When buying a heater, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Stages of the facade insulation process

Depending on the method of insulation chosen, the installation will vary. There are two main technologies:

Wet Facade
Ventilated facade

The process of warming with a "wet" method is described below.

Wall surface preparation

It is necessary to carefully prepare the surface of the facade of the house in order to insulate it with high quality. Each wall is leveled, cleaned of various deposits, voids and cracks are sealed, especially paying attention to panel joints. If necessary, a sealant is laid in them, the gaps are smeared with special mastics.
Irregularities of the wall surface are allowed within 1 - 2 cm, but no more.
After cleaning and processing the joints, the walls are left to dry. Then they are covered with a universal primer using a roller or sprayer.

Insulation installation

Mounting of heat-insulating material on the walls is possible in three ways:

for glue
fasteners (dowels, plastic nails),
combination of glue with fasteners.

The video shows in detail the method of fixing the foam with a dowel for thermal insulation.

For example, the foam is fixed in a combined way from the first floor to the upper ones. At the bottom, a starting bar is installed, from which insulation begins to be glued. In this case, the glue is applied to the walls gently with a spatula, filling in the existing irregularities. Then foam sheets are pressed tightly against the treated surface. The evenness of the rows of insulation is checked by a level. Before the adhesive base sets, it is possible to correct minor errors. Now you need to wait 2 - 3 days for the glue to dry completely and the insulation to be well fixed on the walls. Next, the foam is additionally fixed with dowels - 4 - 5 pieces per sheet. Holes for fasteners are made with a puncher.

The second and subsequent rows of foam sheets are laid in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints of adjacent layers do not match. All seams between the insulation and the gaps from the fasteners are filled with a special mounting foam, designed specifically for the installation of foam, in order to minimize the likelihood of heat leakage. Such foam is produced in cylinders and it is better to apply it with a special gun. Excess, the remains of the foam after drying cut off.

Grid pinning

Styrofoam is a rather fragile material, therefore, to give strength and rigidity to the insulation elements, it is reinforced. To do this, a special stable mesh is installed on the outside of the foam sheets. It is convenient to cut it into separate parts of the same size and overlap in small fragments. A layer of a special adhesive solution for facade work is evenly applied to the insulated surfaces, and the mesh is pressed into it. Then another adhesive layer is applied for alignment. After installing the mesh on the whole house, they are waiting for the glue to dry in order to treat the surfaces sandpaper from smudges of the solution and irregularities in the process of fastening.
The reinforcement provides mechanical stability for the final decorative coating panel house.

Finishing

After warming external facades, as a rule, make out decorative plaster. For the best adhesion of materials, the general layer of thermal insulation is primed again.
In addition, for residential apartment buildings, the technology of hinged ventilated facades is often used. The thermal insulation layer has already been completed - it remains to mount outer lining with ventilation gap.

Today it is proposed wide choose materials for exterior finish in the hinged facade system:

metal products (profiling, siding, facade cassettes),
aluminum composite panels
slabs of porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone.

Panel houses were considered chic during the Khrushchev era. Insulation of the facade of a panel house - a fast and cheap technology has made it possible to put into operation a huge number of square meters with which residents are still suffering. In barren buildings with thin walls sometimes too humid and cold. Internal surfaces walls are infected with a fungus, and mold can even start in the bathroom.

Figure 1. External insulation of the entire house.

The best option for all residents can be insulation of the facade of a panel house. Not only Khrushchevs suffer from such "diseases". Panel housing technology is still popular and far from perfect. Therefore, the method should be adopted by all residents of the "panels".

Any building structure can be insulated inside and out. In any case, we will get a cake that will consist of structural material and insulation. Insulation is a material with low thermal conductivity, the main task of which is to prevent loss heat from the apartment.

If you insulate the house from the inside, then there is a high probability of condensation on the inner layer of the wall behind the insulation. This is due to the fact that the air flow gradually heats up to temperature inside the building passing layer by layer of the pie from the building envelope. At some point, the temperature of the air flow reaches the dew point and condensation occurs. This is useful for the indoor climate, since less heat will be spent on heating dry air, but for structural materials such a shower threatens with huge problems.

If insulation is made from the outside, then the dew point will shift into the thickness of the insulation, which ideally should not harm. Benefits of outdoor insulation:

Dew point offset.
Protection of the enclosing structure from getting wet.
Does not occupy the interior space of the apartment.
Does not require high-quality and expensive vapor barrier.

Any heat engineer, if possible, will choose external insulation, this is also confirmed building codes and regulations. The use of internal insulation is always an extreme measure or unprofessional.

Materials for wall insulation of panel houses from the outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics. thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside.

Among these materials are:

mineral wool;
sandwich panels;
Styrofoam.

Figure 2. Expanded polystyrene for facade insulation.

We will analyze each of the options separately in order to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation brings.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool commonly referred to as insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that a foamy slab with stable walls is obtained. The interior space is plates 90% filled with air. Today, air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all heaters include air.

In total, there are three types of mineral wool:

Basalt mineral wool on a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely this type of insulation is meant. Mats made of this material are loved by all heating engineers for ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation performance. However, basalt wool is rarely used to insulate facade houses, since its installation requires a frame that needs to be thermally insulated separately so that cold bridges do not appear.
Glass wool. Used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as a heater: it constantly crumbles, quickly falls off and is extremely dangerous in installation. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect the whole body. In addition, the thermal insulation characteristics of the material are very mediocre.
Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a flammable insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation copes with its task poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are primarily used due to the possibility quick installation. By itself, the panel is a heater sandwiched between two layers of structural material. Acts as a heater:

Foamed polyurethane. High-quality, but expensive material. It is unprofitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment building. But a sandwich panel with such a heater is perfect for a private house.
Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier, all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, facilitating installation.
Styrofoam. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them light and quite effective.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam- this is the most popular material in Russia for the insulation of building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not affected by moisture when basalt mineral wool board over time will turn into rags. As a rule, the service life of such a heater does not exceed 10 years. Styrofoam manufacturers guarantee 30 to 50 years of service.

Figure 3. Insulation of the facade with foam.

Styrofoam is attached to the facade with dowels or special glue. And most often both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

Ways of external insulation of facades

In total, there are two mounting method insulation on the facade of the building:

Dry method or ventilated facade.
wet method.

Each of the technologies has its own advantages, so we will consider each option separately.

Facade insulation ventilated facade

The dry method does not involve the use of mixtures with the addition of water. In order to create heat-insulating layer by this method, a thermal shield is made of heaters, which are covered with shield materials. The materials already considered by us are used as heaters. A ventilated facade is called because a small air gap is left between the shield material and the insulation to ventilate the insulation.

Wet facade insulation

This method involves warming facade surface with specialized blends water based. These mixtures may have different composition. IN Lately cellulose-based foam insulation is increasingly being used. The main advantage of this method: filling all the cracks and holes. The wet method does not leave cold bridges through which heat can flow out of the room.

Warming technology

Regardless of the used insulation installation technology, procedure wall preparation required. All materials are purchased before installation. Buying additional consumables in the process is a poor calculation of materials, which can lead to poor-quality installation of insulation.

Preparation of materials

As a rule, workers have an overall plan of the building. So the required amount material can always be calculated. This is the area of the walls minus the area of the windows. The resulting area of \u200b\u200binsulation must be increased by 20 percent. Based on the consumption per area of insulation, fasteners are calculated, the required tools are pretended to be. Approximate consumption of fasteners per sq.m. insulation is contained on the websites of manufacturers.

All styrofoam sheets or mineral wool boards must be unpacked on the ground, laid out and molded. As a rule, any insulation is easily cut with a saw or a special knife.

Necessary materials and tools

In addition to insulation, you will have to purchase a sealant for seam sealing. For different heaters different consumables are required. In the case of using foam, you need to buy a reinforcing mesh, plaster, glue and dowels.

For mineral wool, self-tapping screws and iron slats will be required. Self-tapping screws and glue - needed for mounting sandwich panels.

Here is a sample list of surface insulation tools building:

scaffolding for work at height;
a set of spatulas for sealing joints, preparing walls and applying glue;
drill;
insurance.

After all the tools are ready, and the materials are molded, you can begin the installation of insulation.

Wall preparation

First of all, the old coating is removed: plaster and cracked paint are peeled off the surface wall panel Houses. Without fail, it is necessary to coat all joints with putty and seal all cracks in the panels with plaster or mortar. Installation of insulation is carried out only on the most clean, flat wall. If the wall is sloping, this must be taken into account during installation. How exactly - we will tell a little later.

Figure 4. Insulation of the facade of a multi-storey building.

After the walls are prepared, you can begin the installation of insulation. In detail, we will describe only the installation of foam, as the most popular and effective material.

Insulation installation

On the wall glue is applied one after the other, foam plates are attached from the bottom up.

Important! If the wall is uneven, then you can level it with glue, but not more than 2 cm. For large distortions, you will have to come up with a more expensive method.

After all the plates are glued, you need to additionally attach the foam with dowels. To do this, a hole is drilled through the plate, which should reach the wall in length. After that, an expansion umbrella is inserted and the dowel is clogged. The umbrella should be on the same surface with the rest of the insulation plane, for this it needs to be drowned a little. This is necessary for subsequent reinforcement. Nothing complicated in installation of foam no, this is a fairly fast and reliable way to provide thermal protection for a building.

Insulation of interpanel seams

When preparing the walls, it is necessary to make sealing of interpanel seams. For this you need:

open joint.
Clean the seam from old putty, sealant and dirt.
The next step is to prepare the substrate for the new insulation. To do this, the seam is filled with mounting foam.
A heat-insulating tube is sunk into the foam that has not yet hardened.
The tube is foaming at the top. After hardening, the excess foam is cut off.
The entire joint is sealed with sealant.

When installing the insulation, it is impossible that its joints coincide with the joints of the panels. It is better to do everything with an overlap.

Reinforcement

Styrofoam does not need shield materials, like mineral wool. However, this is a fragile material, so it is covered with plaster. To do this, the insulation is reinforced, after which the iron mesh is attached to the surface with dowels.

Figure 5. External wall insulation.

For multi-storey buildings reinforcement is done end-to-end. The overlapping process can lead to delamination of the plaster layer. As preparation for reinforcement dowel holes are created. After the mesh is stretched, pins are driven into these holes.

Padding

The reinforced surface must be primed before puttying. It is better to apply the primer in 3 layers, and plaster immediately after drying.

Plaster

Plastering and painting, allows you to hide the foam under beautiful facade. Not a single person will notice the joints between the panels of the house or sheets of insulation. At the same time, the house will look updated, as if after a major overhaul.

Painting

Paint the plaster with waterproof paints. If the insulation budget is large enough, then you can use insulation paint to fix the material. However, this pleasure is not cheap, so you should think twice about such expenses.

Particularly difficult sections of the walls

Corners and windows are considered especially difficult areas. To insulate corners without fail sealant is used. You will have to put a high-quality double-glazed window in the window openings, and still close the end parts with foam plastic, followed by reinforcement and plaster. Don't forget that after final finishing, the facade of the building should look like a single whole.

Options for insulating the walls of panel houses

Modern technologies present two options for insulating the surfaces of the walls of an apartment building: from the inside and outside. Both options will solve the problem of low room temperature and rapid heat loss. More were installed in panel houses cast iron radiators with excellent heating qualities, but due to the thinness of the walls and their direct contact with frosty air, the efficiency of radiators is significantly reduced.

Both options are suitable for this, but their implementation is radically different, so you need to determine a simpler and more economical one that you can do yourself.

External insulation

Insulation of the facade of a panel house is carried out in the following steps:

Preparatory stage

Surface preparation of the facade is necessary - the end walls of the panel house are leveled, the plates are cleaned of plaque

It is also important to seal voids, cracks, and panel joints are sealed. If necessary, it is worth laying a sealant between the joints, while a special mastic is used to seal the cracks

Roughness of the surface of the walls within two centimeters is allowed - such a deviation can not be closed. When all materials are dry, the wall is impregnated with a universal primer, which is applied using a sprayer or roller.

Insulation installation

Since in the vast majority of cases it is foam plastic that is used for thermal insulation of panel houses, it is worth considering the installation technology of this insulation. You can fix the foam using the following methods: put the plates on glue, fasten with dowels, or connect these two options, this is the most reliable choice. The direction of gluing is from bottom to top. In this case, pasting begins with the installation of the starting bar.

After that, we begin to apply glue to the surface of the panel house - the technologies used directly depend on the quality of the walls. If they are even, then you can apply glue with a comb. If, as is often the case, the walls are uneven, then the glue simply pounces onto the surface.

It is important to carefully fill the seams with glue. All this allows you to get rid of voids under the heat insulator

It is not necessary to apply glue to the foam.

The option when the glue is applied to the foam, and not to the house, is not suitable in this case, since the voids under the insulation will become natural cold bridges, which will reduce the effectiveness of the entire event as a whole.

Styrofoam is applied to the glue layer and pressed well. After gluing all the plates, you need to leave them alone for a few days. During this period, the adhesive solution will dry and shrink, after which it will be possible to perform the next stage of work. As for fixing the plates with dowels, you can choose plastic fungi. This is due to the lightness and low strength of the foam - such fasteners will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.

As for the dowel caps, they must be covered with an adhesive mixture. All the irregularities remaining after the glue has dried can be removed with ordinary sandpaper.

Reinforcement preparation

The fragility of the foam is a serious drawback, so the insulation needs to be reinforced - it is enough to glue a thin mesh. Such protection should prevent the destruction of the foam due to atmospheric phenomena and other adverse factors.

Preparation for reinforcement is as follows: first, the corners are pasted over, after which you can proceed to pasting the walls themselves. To simplify the process, grids with ready-made corners are used, which minimizes time. If there are no such grids, then you will have to make corners from a regular grid. It is enough to cut off a long strip 30 centimeters wide and bend it at an angle - this design is pressed against the corner of the house smeared with glue. In general, cutting the mesh into fragments greatly simplifies the installation itself, which makes it possible to successively cover the areas smeared with glue with fragments. At the same time, the mesh should overlap at the junction.

After gluing the mesh, it is necessary to wait for the glue to dry, after which it remains to clean the excess solution with a plastic grater and remove irregularities.

Finishing

Before finishing a leveling layer is applied to the entire processed facade. After that, it is necessary to apply a primer and a layer of plaster. The final step is to paint the wall, preferably in a color that will not stand out too much against the background of the main color of a multi-storey panel house.

Heaters

The modern construction market offers a frighteningly large selection of thermal insulation materials. The "ordinary" man in the street, not familiar with the specifics of the work, the head is spinning from such a variety. This is what unscrupulous sellers use, instilling the idea "the more expensive, the better." Today we will not consider all options for insulating the exterior walls of a house, but we will talk about the most inexpensive, high-quality and proven materials over the years.

Styrofoam

Among the most popular heaters, foam plastic occupies a special place. This inexpensive material that properly performs its intended function. It is perfect for outdoor insulation, as it provides 100% thermal insulation, regardless of air humidity and temperature changes.

This material is non-toxic and fireproof, however, a reservation should be made here. The foam itself does not burn, but melts and at the same time emits black acrid smoke, which is hazardous to health. But if you follow the safety measures, it will last a long time and faithfully. In confirmation of the words about non-toxicity and harmlessness to health, the fact that even children's goods and food products are packed in polystyrene foam.

Polyfoam is not affected by mold, fungi and insects. It does not deteriorate, does not swell and does not shrink, retaining its original shape. The service life of the material is from 20 to 50 years, depending on the quality.

External insulation of the walls of the house with foam plastic allows not only to protect interior from the vagaries of the weather, but also transforms the house from the outside. The material creates a very convenient surface for finishing, ranging from relief plaster, ending with siding or slabs.

Working with foam plastic is quick and easy, it is enough to have basic skills and equipment.

Stages of insulation of the outer walls of the house with foam:

Prepare the walls by cleaning them of dust and dirt with a construction brush. If there are cracks and chips, repair them with plaster so that the foam sticks well.
Glue the foam plastic with a special compound on a pre-primed wall. You need to glue the sheets in a checkerboard pattern, tightly pressing against each other. To keep the material well, additionally fix it with plastic dowels.
Install fiberglass mesh over the boards. To do this, apply a thick layer of glue of 5 mm to the sheets and “drown” the mesh in it.
It remains only to plaster the surface, cover it with facade paint or perform any other finish.

Penoplex

Today you can often hear advertisements for high-quality and reliable foam insulation, which is why many believe that this is the name of the material. In fact, the material is called extruded polystyrene foam, and it is produced under the Penoplex brand.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used for internal and external insulation of houses of any type. Today it is one of the most popular materials, and this is due to its excellent performance.

Penoplex advantages:

environmental friendliness;
low thermal conductivity;
high density;
retains heat better than foam;
high strength;
high density;
low vapor permeability;
absolute fire safety (ignition temperature 500C, which is unrealistic at home);
durability;
ease of work with the material;
relatively low cost, which quickly pays off.

Unfortunately, ideal building materials do not yet exist, therefore, even with such a large list of advantages, penoplex also has disadvantages. The most obvious is poor adhesion. Since the material is very dense, it does not absorb adhesives well, so it is difficult to stick it to a vertical surface. To do this, additional fixation is made with dowels, however, most builders recommend using penoplex for internal insulation.

External insulation of the walls of the house with foam plastic is best done in the area ground floor, since even additional fixation of the material will not insure it from damage. In other words, it starts to fall off very quickly and spoils the appearance of the building. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe plinths, you can make a ventilation space or use an outer layer of waterproofing to prevent wetting and destruction of the adhesive layer.

Wall insulation from the inside in a corner apartment

If you have dealt with buying or selling apartments, then you have noticed that buyers are not very fond of corner apartments or rooms. What is it connected with? Although in summer such an apartment is much easier to ventilate, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant downside. Very often, with the advent of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the outside temperature is around zero, and heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are created inside such an apartment. Dampness appears in the corners, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed is damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have an exit to the outside, and therefore are most affected by low temperatures. In winter, even with central heating, the situation only gets worse.

The walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, the interior decoration will begin to fall off, mold and fungus will appear. Being in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also not safe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to the appearance of diseases, the cause of which is high humidity air.

What to do in such a situation? Many try to install additional heating radiators, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness is displaced under the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to carry out internal insulation? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what insulation materials exist.

Types of insulation

The choice of what material is better to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
rainfall, wind strength and speed,
allocated budget for the insulation of a panel house,
other individual factors.

The estimate and project for the work is usually compiled by the management company or HOA. And the team of industrial climbers directly performs the process of warming from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

When finishing with a ventilated facade, condensate from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane can be omitted.

Styrofoam

Differs in ease, simplicity when laying plates on a wall. It also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation.

For outdoor work, it is important to use a material that does not support self-combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94

When buying a heater, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

Insulation options

Insulation of a panel house from the outside allows you to stop the outflow of heat through the concrete. An additional layer of thermal insulation will protect against the damaging effects of external factors. On the market today you can find many materials that can be used for insulation inside or outside.

Warming inside

For a panel house, insulation from the inside will only make the situation worse. This is due to the movement of the dew point, which will move closer to the inside of the wall. In practice, this means that moisture will accumulate in the walls with even greater force - both the wall and the insulation will get wet, so the life of the facade will be significantly reduced. To avoid such a situation, and at the same time reduce the usable area of the apartment and destroy the design, it is worth giving preference to the insulation of the panel house from the outside.

Warming outside

The difficulty lies in the fact that the insulation of a panel house with a large number of floors is possible only with the help of climbing equipment. It is clear that it is almost impossible to get money to pay specialists and purchase building materials from public utilities. Moreover, an attempt to insulate the house at the expense of the residents also does not always meet with understanding among all project participants. Therefore, you can take the path of least resistance and insulate a separate apartment.

The main advantages of external insulation:

No need to break interior decoration premises;
The internal usable area of the apartment is preserved;
Fortified supporting structure"panels", that is, the building is strengthened, which has a positive effect on the service life;
The insulation is an additional sound insulator;
The temperature inside the room rises at the same heating costs, since the walls are protected from freezing - heat losses through the panel box are reduced.

Installation of insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? corner walls V brick house can be insulated using the same method as in the panel. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing a material made of polystyrene.

Wall insulation in the apartment from the inside:

clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After that, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. It is necessary to apply glue to them on the walls, then take a notched trowel and re-walk around the entire perimeter. This is done in order to create uneven surface glue. This contributes to better bonding of the insulation;
how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of heat insulator and begin to install them on the walls. First of all, the bottom row is laid. We tightly apply the polystyrene sheet and push it through, you can not use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, we use a level and carefully join the edges so that cracks do not form, if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is set so that the junction of the two sheets falls in the middle of the bottom sheet. This will give great durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that unevenness does not form, because this will bring additional difficulties during the final finishing.

after you have installed the thermal insulation, you can proceed to finishing work. If you plan to cover the walls with drywall, then some additional work over the heater is not required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, painting, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a reinforcing fiber mesh. After that, you can start applying layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from within.

The method of work on the insulation of walls from the inside

Glue-foam is best suited for gluing foam boards.

heaters in the apartment concrete walls from the inside they are attached under false plasterboard walls. If you took the path of least resistance and chose stone wool or, in extreme cases, foam plastic as thermal insulation, then there should not be any difficulties in the work. How to insulate a corner apartment in a panel house:

installation of structures made of metal profiles;
laying under the thermal insulation guides on glue - you need to create a monolithic screen, so there should be no gaps at the joints;
sheathing metal structure drywall.

On drywall after it is puttied, you can glue any finish: tiles, wallpaper, decorative stones, papier-mâché or just paint. There are situations when it blows strongly from the corners. In this case, the question arises of how to insulate the corners in a panel house? Alternatively, you can simply blow them out with mounting foam from the inside or cover the joints of the plates with sealant. This should help, but if capital measures are needed, then it is necessary to insulate the interpanel seams from the outside. There is a technique called "Warm Seam". It involves cleaning the seam from all contents, filling it with special polyurethane foam, Vilaterma gasket and sealing the seam with mastic.

Materials for wall insulation of panel houses from the outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics. thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside
.

Among these materials are:

mineral wool;
sandwich panels;
Styrofoam.

We will analyze each of the options separately in order to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation brings.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool
commonly referred to as insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that a foamy slab with stable walls is obtained. The interior space is plates
90% filled with air. Today, air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all heaters include air.

In total, there are three types of mineral wool:

Basalt mineral wool on a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely this type of insulation is meant. Mats made of this material are loved by all heating engineers for ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation performance. However, basalt wool is rarely used to insulate facade houses, since its installation requires a frame that needs to be thermally insulated separately so that cold bridges do not appear.
Glass wool. Used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as a heater: it constantly crumbles, quickly falls off and is extremely dangerous in installation. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs
enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect the whole body. In addition, the thermal insulation characteristics of the material are very mediocre.
Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a flammable insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation copes with its task poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility of quick installation. By itself, the panel is a heater sandwiched between two layers of structural material. Acts as a heater:

Foamed polyurethane. High-quality, but expensive material. It is unprofitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment building. But a sandwich panel with such a heater is perfect for a private house.
Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier, all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, facilitating installation.
Styrofoam. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them light and quite effective.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam
- this is the most popular material in Russia for the insulation of building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not affected by moisture, when the basalt mineral wool slab turns into tatters over time. As a rule, the service life of such a heater does not exceed 10 years. Styrofoam manufacturers guarantee 30 to 50 years of service.

Styrofoam is attached to the facade with dowels
or special glue. And most often both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

What you need to work on the insulation of a room in an apartment building

Warming work will require due skill and attention, but it’s easy to cope with this if you clearly follow the technology and have at hand essential tool. Here is a list of what you might need:

construction stapler;
mounting foam;
sealant gun;
screwdriver;
puncher or powerful drill;
construction knife;
stairs or goats;
hammer;
self-tapping screws for metal;
metal corners;
liquid level;
thread;
sickle;
putty knife;
liquid nails for outdoor work;
plastic fungi for fixing foam;
vapor barrier film.

The specified list may be wider depending on the installation method, but you can easily get by with what is listed. With everything you need, you can get to work. Remember that it is better to ventilate the room well, and carry out noisy work only at the permitted time of the day in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors.

materials

By their own technical specifications work on the installation of a heat-saving coating in a panel house from the inside is carried out from the following common materials:

mineral wool;
extruded;
polyurethane foam;
foil (reflective) thermal insulation;
insulation paint.

When installing a light insulating wall cladding without sewing on top with strong sheets of insulation slab (polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, stone basalt wool), they are simply hidden with a layer of plaster:

An important criterion for selection is the incombustibility of the material and environmental safety, since it is installed indoors.

You can compare the indicators that this or that thermal insulation has, according to the table:

Roll materials

It belongs to the popular options for insulation, because it has a number of undeniable advantages:

Easily cut into pieces of desired size.
Repeats the shape of the surface (fitting density).
It is vapor-permeable enough not to use additional membranes in the design.
Does not burn, unlike polymers, does not form toxic smoke when heated.
Resistant to the effects of microorganisms.

It is produced in the form of rolls, stitched mats and plates. Of all the types of this material, stone basalt wool is preferable.

Foil foamed polyethylene is used to reflect infrared radiation and create a barrier to water vapor. To the surfaces hidden under finishing facing from sheet coverings, thermal rays practically do not penetrate, so it makes little sense to install reflective insulation in the walls.

It can be used as a protection of mineral wool from a damp wall, additional sound insulation, vibration damping.

Natural cork is used for high-quality internal insulation of small thickness on panel walls. This is the most environmentally friendly heat insulator. The performance characteristics include high strength, low thermal conductivity, low weight, durability, elasticity. For more information on which insulation is better, see this video:

foam boards

The technology for insulating the walls of a panel house from the inside with even rigid foamed polymer plates includes careful preparation of the mounting plane. Unresolved wall deflections will create voids in which condensate will accumulate.

The plates are laid out with a run-up on a layer of glue, the use of anchor umbrellas in this case is not recommended (through passages for cold). Each joint is sealed with sealant. Another method of fastening is to lay it between a T-profile fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

The thickness of the material will depend on climate zone. In the calculation, you can use the following initial data:

Liquid formulations

Applying a layer of foamed polyurethane requires special equipment and frame installation. Works are carried out by specialists with practical experience. The strength of the hardened foam is low and it is covered with a protective lining (GKL, plywood). For more details see this video:

Liquid types of insulation include the achievement of modern science - special paints. They are expensive and require careful application technology (thickness and sequence of layers, direction of brush movement). If the instructions are violated, the thermal resistance of such a coating is sharply reduced.

The thermal insulation properties of concrete panel houses leave much to be desired, since they are very hot in summer and cold in winter, which leads to an increase in energy consumption for heating. This problem can be solved by thermal insulation of the walls, however, this issue must be approached competently. Therefore, further I will tell you how to properly insulate a panel house.

Do-it-yourself installation

By following the steps in stages, you can achieve the perfect result. Begin:

Glue (liquid nails) is abundantly applied to the surface of the wall and the foam panel, and then they are tightly pressed against each other. We carry out such actions with each panel, placing the next one exactly in the groove with the previous end side. This also applies to the side segments and those on top. Penoplex is easily cut with a knife, so where the whole panel does not fit, it is carefully cut and inserted into the space

It is important to cut exactly to size in order to leave a minimum of gaps and lay them exactly in the end.
You can also fasten the panels with the help of wall anchors and plastic fungi, for this, holes are made in the walls and fasteners are driven into them right through the attached foam. This method is very noisy, so we recommend the first option.
All joints between panels, walls, floors and ceilings are coated with sealant

This is necessary to ensure maximum thermal insulation.
The tighter the foam is pressed against the wall surface, the better its insulating properties, so do not spare glue or anchors.
This installation option provides for the final finishing with plaster. After the sealant dries, the entire plane of the wall is covered with putty and leveled. If desired, further strengthen the layer - a special mesh (serpyanka) can be smeared into the plaster.
After the final leveling, the putty must be allowed to dry, and then primed, thereby preparing its surface for painting or wallpapering.

A vapor barrier film must be stretched over the foam and guides to isolate the formation of moisture inside the wall. Its installation is carried out with the help of plastic fungi through the foam.
We fix drywall to vertical and horizontal rails using self-tapping screws.
Further, as in the previous instructions, he putty, leveling and priming the surface.

Installation is not at all difficult. The main thing is to stick to technology, then the work will be done quickly and efficiently. After finishing, you will immediately feel that the apartment has become much warmer and drier, even if it is an end one. This is because the insulation helped keep warm air from touching the surface of the cold walls. Therefore, if heating is not due to batteries, but warm floors, they can be turned on less often, thereby saving on utility costs.

Method "Warm seam" for sealing interpanel joints.

Last time we dealt with that in various ways. Today we will tell you everything about the insulation of a panel house from the outside: what materials are used, what glue is better to fix them on, what methods are available. It has been repeatedly observed that a lot of offices do outright hack work, the results of which are deplorable. Either thermal insulation does not work, or it disappears altogether, especially on the upper floors, where wind gusts are very significant. Sometimes, even if everything is done according to technology, it’s just scary to look at the result - everything is crooked, ugly, not like people’s. Therefore, everything has to be controlled, to delve into the nuances, to ask questions. Yes, it irritates the workers, but that's their problem. The main thing is a high-quality result - without compromise.

A few years after the construction of a panel house, the residents have a question: how to properly insulate it? Over time, the ability of concrete slabs to retain warm air and prevent the penetration of cold air is significantly reduced. Heat loss begins not only through windows, but also through walls. In winter, this situation begins not only to bring some discomfort to the existence of the family, but also to be very annoying. There is only one way out of this situation - the insulation of the walls of the panel house.

Insulate the facade of a panel house

tenants can continue to live in the house during construction work;
the temperature inside the building is increased by the use of thermal insulation material;
the dimensions of the room remain the same;
the design of the room becomes stronger, the service life increases;
thermal insulation plays the role of soundproofing material, reducing the likelihood of noise entering the room.

Necessary materials and tools

Keeping warm without the use of additional electrical appliances can be very effective. For a properly organized process, there are various types of insulating materials. The most popular are:

mineral wool;
drywall;
Styrofoam;
plaster.

How to insulate walls

There are two technologies by which the walls are insulated:

Wet facade.
Ventilated facade.

For insulation using the materials described above, use the first method. To organize a ventilated facade, a system for creating a metal frame is used, on which finishing material is subsequently attached.

The surface, dried after processing the joints, is ready for further work. She will have to be covered with a primer, which can be done using both a roller and a special sprayer.

On a pre-prepared wall, heat-insulating material is to be fixed. This can be done with glue, fasteners (nails, dowels). A combination of mounting methods is possible.

Floor

High-quality insulation of a panel house begins with floor protection. This issue is especially relevant for citizens living on the first floors. In most cases, they have to resort to such events.

To reduce heat loss through the floor, the builders provided for the construction of a lag on the floor of an apartment located on the 1st floor of a multi-storey building. In the cells, which are organized by the intersection of the elements of the wooden structure, insulating materials are laid. It can be either foam plastic or mineral wool, or more exotic material options: expanded clay or sawdust. (You can read more about the types and brands of expanded clay).

You can learn how to insulate the floor in a room with your own hands quickly and efficiently by watching the video.

seams

A large amount of useful thermal energy is lost in a panel house through seams. This problem can also be easily solved by processing them. Monolithic solution of the distance between the plates allows you to fill the existing voids in the seams and contributes to the insulation of the entire structure as a whole.

The choice of mixtures that can be used to fill the seams in a panel house involves both their self-preparation and the purchase of a finished product. One way or another, these compositions can be filled with foam balls to delay the flow of heat, and with particles of air to keep the heat trying to get into the street.

If the distance between the seams is large, then you can fill it with a soft insulating fiber. In the role of it is the well-known mineral wool. Its key features are as follows:

high compression ratio;
possibility of use in work at negative air temperatures;
ease of use, which consists in ease of installation and the absence of a list of tools, without which the work would be impossible.

Styrofoam

Mineral wool

The membrane may not be used if such a method of insulation as a ventilated facade is chosen. In this case, moisture will be removed due to the air gap.

Drywall

In this way, it is possible to insulate not only facade surfaces, but also living quarters: balconies, loggias, walls inside technical rooms. At the same time, you should be more careful with the amount of mineral wool used. Its excess will not only not make the apartment warmer, but will also contribute to excessive cooling.

Preparatory work

Turning an apartment into a room that meets all the requirements for thermal insulation is possible. To do this, it is necessary to correctly organize measures for warming. The preparatory stage also plays a big role. It needs:

process the joints between the plates;
carefully seal the gaps;
clean all cracks from construction debris;
seal all parts of the building that will be in contact with the insulation;
insulation of large gaps with mineral or stone wool.

If the cracks were additionally insulated, a layer of mastic must be placed on top.

How to insulate a panel house. Step-by-step instruction

The instructions for warming a panel house contain the following steps:

the choice of material and its quantity depending on climatic conditions and purposes;
purchase of materials and construction tools;
drying walls with a heat gun;
removal of possible finishes from the walls to be insulated;
applying an antiseptic composition to surfaces that will soon be covered;
applying a primer; (how to properly apply a primer, see the article Wall Primer - Surface Preparation)
sealing of seams, if necessary - additional insulation;
installation of insulation (using glue, plasterboard sheets and a metal frame);
the use of metal mesh for additional reinforcement;
insulation trim if necessary.

The beginning of work should fall on the bottom of the wall, because that is where the starting bar is installed. Glue is best applied with a spatula.

Experts with extensive experience in installation work advise:

to insulate the camp of a panel house in the summer;
with external insulation, it will be useful to insulate the inner parts of the wall;
the best option would be to use seamless technologies, as this will save additional heat;
some modern technologies are very convenient, for example, the use of foamed polyurethane for insulation, which can even be applied by spraying;
do not forget about the use of vapor barrier;
the selected material should not be afraid of moisture.

Compliance with the rules for installing heat-insulating materials will not only make the room warmer and more comfortable, but also significantly extend the life of the walls, because an additional layer of coating protects them from destruction.