Floor insulation in the apartment on the first floor. Insulation of floors in a ground floor apartment How best to make a floor on the first floor

Almost all owners of apartments located on the ground floor are faced with such a problem as cold floors. This is due to cold and unheated, and often damp basements. In such cases, it is necessary to insulate the floor of the first floor with modern materials.

For this, a fairly large number of different heaters and methods of their installation are used. In this article, we will get acquainted with the most effective methods of how to correctly and reliably insulate a concrete floor.

Basement insulation

The most correct solution is the thermal insulation of the floor slab from the basement side. In other words, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling in the basement, thus moving the cold and dew point away from the floor in the apartment.

To carry out such work, it is better to coordinate with the Housing Office. There are usually no problems with this. Having received such permission, you can start thermal insulation work. The following methods are available for this:

The simplest, inexpensive, but at the same time enough effective method- insulate with styrofoam. TO concrete base foam sheets are glued with liquid nails. At the end of the work, all the gaps remaining between the sheets should be filled with mounting foam. Since the basement is quite often damp, and the foam has the property of being saturated with moisture over time, it is necessary to make waterproofing. To do this, with the same glue, a thick layer is glued onto the sheets of insulation. polyethylene film. The edges of such waterproofing must be overlapped by at least 10–15 cm.
You can spray polyurethane foam - one of the most reliable and durable insulation known today. After hardening, this material has high strength, excellent thermal insulation properties. Also, polyurethane foam does not burn and absolutely does not absorb moisture. The only disadvantage of this option is its rather high cost: spraying is carried out using special equipment and requires professional operator skills.

Advice! If you have insulated the concrete floor from the basement side, this does not mean that the floors in your apartment will automatically become warm. This technique only allows you to "push back" the cold. In any case, it is necessary to insulate the floor from the side of the apartment.

Floor insulation from inside the apartment

This method has a large number of materials used. Let's look at the main materials and the technology for their installation in more detail.

Mineral wool

This option works best with wood floors, but can also be used if you want to lay wood over a concrete base. By choosing this option, you need to follow the following technology and the sequence of work:

First of all, you need to dismantle the old flooring. The boards are carefully removed and numbered, the concrete screed is beaten off with a perforator.
If you had wooden floors, you need to examine the condition of the installed logs. If necessary, damaged or sagging rafters must be replaced. If the base is concrete, then a complete installation of new rafters is necessary.

Advice! It is possible to insulate the floor of the first floor in this way with the use of other heat insulators. For example, foam can be used instead of mineral wool. This material has slightly worse thermal insulation properties, but is cheaper.

Expanded clay insulation

This method of warming a concrete base in an apartment on the ground floor is perhaps the most popular. This is due to the ease of installation, durability and high performance of the materials used. To insulate the concrete floor in an apartment located on the ground floor with expanded clay, you should follow this technology thermal insulation works:

Old flooring including cement screed, must be removed.
Having carefully removed all the debris, it is necessary to examine the floor slab and seal the detected cracks, crevices and other defects with mounting foam or cement mortar.
The next step is to lay a thick polyethylene film as a waterproofing layer. Its installation is carried out with an overlap, while the seams must be glued on both sides with adhesive tape.
Now the entire surface of the floor can be covered with expanded clay. The thickness of the layer depends on the height of the ceilings. Here, the thicker the layer, the better its thermal insulation properties will be, but the minimum allowable expanded clay layer is 10 cm.

After backfilling, expanded clay must be compacted. It is strictly forbidden to moisten the insulation!
A reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the expanded clay and a cement screed is poured with a layer of 5 cm.
The screed is carefully leveled and covered with polyethylene for proper drying.
After the cement mortar has dried, you can proceed with the installation of the floor covering: laminate, linoleum or other material.

Advice! To increase the thermal insulation properties of the floor, foam granules can be added to the cement mortar at the stage of its preparation. This will greatly insulate the floor in the apartment.

This thermal insulation can be used in both methods of floor insulation: with wooden logs and under a cement screed. Expanded polystyrene has almost ideal properties:

low thermal conductivity
high density and mechanical strength,
does not burn,
practically does not absorb moisture,
long service life.

When insulating a wooden floor, extruded polystyrene foam boards are placed between the joists, like any other material. The use of a waterproofing layer, despite the high performance of the insulation, is mandatory.

After laying and filling the cracks with mounting foam, the heat insulator is covered with another layer of waterproofing. For these purposes, it is better to use penofol. Then the flooring is installed: plywood, chipboard or boards. Insulation with polystyrene foam under a cement screed is carried out as follows:

Advice! Electric heating cables can be laid over the thermal insulation material. After the end of all installation work, you will be the owner of really warm floors that consume very little electricity.

Having studied all the options for insulating the floor on the ground floor given in this material, you need to choose the most suitable one in your case. Having some skills, you can do all the work yourself, without involving expensive specialists.

On the ground floor, there is almost always discomfort from the cold floor - and it doesn’t matter whether it is a high-rise building or a private building. Is it worth it to fight it? Definitely. After all, competent floor insulation will not only make housing more comfortable, but also significantly save money going to pay for electricity and gas. It is no secret that with poor heat conservation of "resources" to maintain optimal temperatures spend much more. In addition, a weakly or not at all insulated floor of the first floor can become a source of many diseases - this is perhaps the main reason why the thermal insulation of this surface must be properly worked on. Contact with a cold floor is especially dangerous for young children who strive to run barefoot.

Video instruction for floor insulation

How will we insulate: a review of materials

The modern construction industry offers a variety of materials with which you can insulate the floor of the first floor efficiently and effectively:

Styrofoam
The main advantages of foam plastic are good thermal insulation, affordable price and durability. The material is suitable for laying on any type of surface - concrete, wood, ceramic tiles, etc.
Penoplex
It is expanded polystyrene with low thermal conductivity, excellent sound insulation, and a long service life.
Expanded clay
Floor insulation with expanded clay is one of the most affordable and reliable technologies. The material can be added both directly to the concrete screed, and used as a backfill.

Gypsum fiber sheets
The material is easy to use, non-flammable.

Today, manufacturers offer many options for floor insulation.

Preparation for thermal insulation measures

Warming the floor of the first floor is an incredibly responsible job, so it must be approached with all seriousness. It is difficult to remake "blunders" not only financially, but also physically. If you live in an apartment building with a cold basement, you need to determine which method of floor insulation will be most appropriate - only internal, from the housing side, or also external, from the basement.

Do not be too lazy to go down to the basement and inspect the basement and concrete floor under your apartment for cracks, potholes, crumbling elements. All found defects should be eliminated with the help of cement-sand mortar, polyurethane foam, brickwork. On the concrete slab from the basement side, you can stick foam or polystyrene boards(for these purposes, a special adhesive is used), and fill the gaps between them with mounting foam. Pay attention to the fact that such “amateur activity” is not always welcomed by service organizations, therefore, before starting insulation work in the basement, be sure to consult the appropriate authority.

First of all, the old flooring is dismantled and the surface is thoroughly cleaned.

Concrete floor technology

Insulation of concrete floors inside the apartment (house) with a sufficient "reserve" of the height of the room is recommended to be carried out according to the following algorithm:

laying a waterproofing membrane on a cleaned base;
installation on the floor of a crate made of bars with a thickness of a layer of the selected insulation (expanded polystyrene - most preferably);
laying heat insulator plates in the cells of the crate;
laying a vapor barrier layer;
installation of a subfloor made of plywood, boards, fiberboard sheets or chipboard;
installation of the finish coat.

This is how GVL is installed during floor insulation

Vapor barrier is better to choose foil, but dense polyethylene is also acceptable.

It is possible to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor and more in a simple way, resorting to gypsum-fiber sheets. The technology of work in this case will be as follows:

removal of old flooring (if any);
elimination of all surface irregularities and cracks;
waterproofing membrane flooring;
laying GVL (adhesive mastic is used for their better strengthening) in two or three layers so that the joints in the layers do not coincide;
putty and primer GVL;
floor covering installation.

One of the most modern methods of concrete floor insulation, of course, is the installation of the "electric floor heating" system, which consists of the following steps:

laying insulation on a prepared base;
aluminum foil layer flooring;
laying electrical cable;
pouring screed;
finishing surfaces.

Underfloor heating on the ground floor

For many owners who do not want to sacrifice the height of the room, the most acceptable way to insulate square meters under their feet is to lay isolon, a modern material with a spongy structure. It is quite simple to insulate the floor with isolon: for this it is enough to fix the defects of the concrete floor, spread the panels, and glue their joints with adhesive tape. And then proceed either immediately to the installation of the finish coating, or to start arranging the subfloor.

How to properly insulate a wooden floor

To insulate a wooden floor in an apartment located on the ground floor, it is necessary, first of all, to remove the existing flooring (number the boards if you do not plan to replace them) and revise the open space. If there is a waterproofing membrane, its integrity should be checked. Close up the defects found, lay mineral wool slabs between the lags, put the boards in place.

Mineral wool is often used for insulating wooden floors.

In old private houses, it is quite common to see a wooden floor on logs laid on top of compacted soil. How to insulate it?

Remove flooring.
Lay a waterproofing layer between the joists.
Make backfilling with expanded clay.
Arrange vapor barrier.
Lay insulation - mineral wool or polystyrene.
Stuff the bars on the logs and further equip the wooden floor on them.

If you decide to completely abandon the lag, you will face the following tasks:

Completely clear the surface of the soil.
If necessary, compact the soil.
Arrange a waterproofing layer - glassine, roofing material will do.
Form Layer sand and gravel mixture.
Fill up a layer of expanded clay.
Lay reinforcing mesh.
Spill expanded clay with cement milk.
After it hardens, pour the screed completely.
Arrange vapor barrier.
Set draft poi.
Mount any wood flooring to your taste.

Insulation of the floor of the first floor with expanded clay is one of the most affordable and effective ways

How much will it cost to insulate the floor on the first floor?

The cost of work on the insulation of the floor of the first floor directly depends on the material chosen. Expanded clay and polystyrene can be considered the most affordable option.

Modern method of thermal insulation - the use of polyurethane foam

Do the above methods of thermal insulation of the floor on the ground floor seem extremely difficult and not entirely reliable to you? Then your choice is insulation with sprayed polyurethane foam.

A layer of polyurethane foam as a heater has a lot of advantages:

low coefficient of heat conductivity. Due to this, its height does not exceed 10 centimeters;
high resistance to steam and moisture. This eliminates the need to equip vapor barrier and waterproofing;
durability. PPU can effectively perform its functions up to 60 years;
excellent soundproofing properties;
safety for human health.

Polyurethane foam is not subject to the process of decay, mold and other microorganisms never appear on it, small rodents are indifferent to the material. And, perhaps, the most important spraying of polyurethane foam is carried out in the shortest possible time - you do not have to stretch the thermal insulation measures for a week. The final screed can be equipped directly on it.

The heat-insulating polyurethane foam layer turns out to be completely seamless - the appearance of cracks and cold bridges in it is excluded.

The importance of making the right choice

As you can see, there are many ways to insulate the floor of the first floor, but the choice of the optimal one should be made on the basis of an analysis of many factors (an apartment or a private house this, the condition of the structures, the estimated budget, etc.). Only an experienced specialist should help the owners in this matter. By entrusting the floor insulation procedure to a professional, you can be sure that warmth and comfort will settle in the house forever, and your feet will never freeze again. Agree, understand that cash were spent on a really tangible result - priceless!

Insulating the floors on the ground floor in the house is a mandatory task. It cannot be the only solution to achieve complete comfort in a home and is often only one step in a whole package of measures to provide heat. We are talking about the insulation of walls, ceilings, entrance groups and window openings. But it is most logical to start taking care of thermal insulation from the floor. The article will focus on the insulation of the floor of the first floor.

Ground floor flooring

To begin with, it is worth deciding which type of surface insulation will be carried out from the widest range of materials. The most popular at the moment are:

Styrofoam;
expanded polystyrene;
dry expanded clay screed;
glass wool;
mineral (stone) wool.

They differ not only in cost, but also in a number of characteristics that are worth considering in more detail. Since some of the proposed materials have a similar origin or are mistaken for analogues, then Comparative characteristics will help you make a choice.

Ground floor insulation

Styrofoam or expanded polystyrene

If we talk about kinship, then these two heaters undoubtedly have it. Styrofoam is somewhat older, polystyrene foam is rather an improved version of it.

The differences begin already at the production stage. Polystyrene granules are used as raw materials. To obtain foam, they are treated with a stream of hot air, and they, expanding, are connected. A product with a porous structure is formed. The extrusion method is more advanced, and as a result of its use, the granules of the starting material are melted. The output is a material with a single structure, denser than the instance described above. At the same time, the cellular structure, which contributes to the retention of heat, is preserved in it.
Expanded polystyrene is 5-6 times stronger than its "brother" in bending, and it will not crumble if environmental conditions change. In addition, expanded polystyrene absorbs moisture worse, and thanks to an improved density index, it absorbs noise much more efficiently.
Both materials are lightweight and non-toxic (provided you use quality building products from trusted trademarks). They also do not rot and mold does not form on them. Refractory performance is good for both products. It is more expedient to use foam plastic for floor insulation in those rooms where low traffic is expected, and the surface will not experience additional loads from, for example, massive furniture. It is also suitable for those who want to save money. However, as follows from the above technical characteristics, such a desire is not always appropriate.

Glass wool or mineral wool

Another difficult task is the choice between glass wool and mineral wool.

The latter has a very impressive performance in terms of fire resistance, so it is most often used for warming a wooden floor. The natural inorganic origin of stone wool gives the right to talk about its environmental friendliness, resistance to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
The thermal insulation properties of mineral wool are not in doubt. It is safe to say that its use will reduce the cost of space heating. It also provides a high level of sound insulation. All these wonderful properties will not “work” if the laying technology is violated during floor insulation. Therefore, giving preference to rockwool, you should strictly follow the recommendations for installation.
Glass wool is different in that it is made on the basis of broken glass, that is, in fact, it has no relation to mineral wool. At the same time, it loses to it (slightly) in terms of thermal insulation and also in the ability to shrink over time. In addition, working with it is not as comfortable as with rockwool due to the formation of fine “glass” dust that irritates the respiratory tract and hands if they are not protected. But it will cost much cheaper than the "stone" counterpart. So for those who agree to experience some discomfort when laying the material and want to save money, you can opt for glass wool.

Advantages of expanded clay

This porous material is, in fact, clay. It is molded in granules and processed under high temperatures. The result is an excellent insulation, its flowability makes it easy to fill all the voids.

It is good in several respects:

durability;

environmental friendliness;

incombustibility;

complete resistance to the development of microorganisms, is not of interest to rodents and other pests;

cheapness.

Due to the porous structure, it is a fairly light material, but inferior in this indicator to other heaters, including those described earlier. And expanded clay creates an excellent layer that promotes natural ventilation. The sound insulation achieved after its application is considered one of the best.
The thickness of the floor of the first floor can also play against expanded clay, since a significant margin in height will be required to organize a high-quality thermal insulation layer. The minimum recommended bedding layer is 20 cm, and 40 cm is considered optimal. And again, do not forget to add the height of the screed.

To finally decide on the material for insulation, you will need to take into account many factors. At cost, glass wool, polystyrene or expanded clay are the most preferred options.
If time is a decisive indicator, then the foam is the easiest and fastest to lay.
When you need to perform a procedure in accordance with all the rules and requirements fire safety, That mineral wool will be the best choice.

And another important criterion was and remains the needs and capabilities of the owners of the building. But in any case, any home master can independently perform all the work.

Thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor with expanded clay

Expanded clay absorbs moisture very well. This is the main disadvantage of this material. Therefore, the construction of a high-quality waterproofing layer becomes the first and very priority stage. Next, a detailed pie of the floor of the first floor will be painted using expanded clay.

Moisture protection. The most commonly used material for these purposes is polyethylene film. You need to take the most durable. Naturally, one canvas is not enough, so the joints are carefully glued with construction tape. The calculation when creating a waterproofing panel should be with an emphasis on the fact that its edges should exceed the level of the entire intended backfill along with the screed. Extra centimeters can then be trimmed.
Cooking insulation. The maximum effect will contribute to the preparation of a mixture of material of various fractions. The use of expanded clay with sizes from 5 to 20 mm will serve as a better distribution of granules and create a base that is more acceptable for adhesion to concrete.
lighthouses. Their exposure is necessary to create a perfectly flat surface without drops and slopes. The first is located at a distance of several centimeters from the walls. Fixation is carried out on small heaps of a fairly thick cement mortar. Next, the beacons are placed parallel to the first. The setting distance corresponds to the length of the rule. It will be used for subsequent alignment of the screed. Usually, a metal profile is used for guides. If floor insulation with subsequent pouring is carried out independently for the first time, then it is better not to "save" on the number of beacons.

Prepared expanded clay can be covered. It is evenly distributed and lightly tamped. The backfill level needs constant monitoring to avoid slopes. Then you need to soak the bedding with a solution of liquid cement. Such a "cement milk" will give strength to the insulation layer and allow it to remain in its original position during further pouring. A reinforcing layer of metal mesh will be the final step at this stage.
Fill. The prepared solution is evenly distributed from the wall along the level of the beacons. Smooth out the rule. So gradually move to the entrance to the room.
You can walk on the screed no earlier than after 7 days, and the coating will completely harden and be ready for finishing in a month. While the drying process is in progress, in order to avoid cracking, the future floor should be moistened with water. A check for "readiness" can be carried out in this way: put the neck down glass jar. If condensation forms on its walls, it means that there is a lot of moisture in the floor and it is too early to start laying the finish coat.
The result is a durable and warm smooth surface on which tiles, laminate or any other type of flooring will look perfect.

As an option, you can consider a "dry" screed using expanded clay and GVL (gypsum-fiber sheets).

Creation of a waterproofing layer. It is mounted, as in the first case, the joints are overlapped by about 20 cm, and a margin of 6-7 cm is made on the walls.
Along the entire perimeter of the room, the points of contact of the film with the wall are closed with a damper tape.
Lighthouses are exposed.
Expanded clay is poured in portions. It is leveled and lightly tamped. After that, be sure to check the conformity of the height according to the level. This operation is carried out gradually in individual areas. As soon as one piece of the floor is prepared, it is immediately covered with a GVL slab. It is laid in two layers, glued together and additionally fastened with self-tapping screws.

The seams at the joints of the GVL are puttied, you can walk along them with a layer of bituminous waterproofing.
The rest of the film and damper tape are cut off, the base is ready for finishing.

Insulation of the floor of the first floor with mineral or glass wool

If the desire to insulate the floor arose already during the operation of the building, then first you will need to get rid of the old floor material. When the boards are dismantled, which are subsequently planned to be returned to their place, then for the convenience of assembly they can be numbered.

The state of the log and rough flooring is assessed. If there are rotten elements, then work is first carried out to replace them.
Waterproofing. It is better to choose polyethylene with a density index of 100 microns and higher. It is laid with an overlap of 10 cm. Near the walls in height, it is necessary to leave its stock also by about 10 - 15 cm. If ground water lie too close to the surface, then it is preferable to choose roofing material or glassine as a vapor barrier.
Between the joists of the finished floor the selected insulation is laid. From above it is covered with another layer of insulating material.

With a thickness of 2 cm, a counter-lattice is being constructed. Its function is to provide a ventilation gap.
New flooring is being built or old boards are being mounted back.

If it is required to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor with mineral wool, then logs are first mounted. Vapor barrier films are not required.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the floor of the house with polystyrene foam

waterproofing layer created using the technologies described earlier. It is assumed that it is laid on a leveled surface.
Beacons are placed on top.
Cement screed in progress. Its thickness is 4 cm.
On her in a checkerboard pattern foam boards are installed, which, when laid, are tightly fitted to each other. After that, the screed is left alone for a couple of days.
After the first layer has dried, clean-up is done. Beacons for it are attached to the insulation plates. The thickness of the cement layer is 70 mm. Its filling is performed using a reinforcing mesh. After leveling and drying the mortar, the floor is ready for finishing with any coating.

Proper use of extruded polystyrene when creating floor insulation

If the expanded polystyrene is laid inside the log, then they should be located at a distance of 60 cm from each other.
Initially, a waterproofing layer is laid, and then a heater is tightly laid between the lags.

With the help of a construction stapler, another layer of vapor barrier is fixed on top. From above, this puff structure is closed with plywood sheets or boards.
A prerequisite is the ventilation gap, which is left around the perimeter of the entire room (approximately 0.5 cm). It will not be noticeable after the installation of skirting boards.
At a relatively high cost, expanded polystyrene creates a high-quality and warm layer that will last for a long time. However, experts recommend considering next moment when using it: if polystyrene foam was used to insulate floors, then with a similar procedure with the ceiling and walls, it is better to give preference to more “breathable” materials so as not to create a greenhouse effect in the home.

No additional floor insulation becomes the coldest part city apartment.

According to physical laws, warm air rises, being replaced by cold air. This effect is exacerbated by the location of a city apartment above cold basements, unheated rooms.

In addition to unpleasant sensations, cold floors are unsafe for health, especially if there are small children in the family.

Floor insulation in the apartment on the ground floor

Typical cold floors when living on the first floor in old housing stock. This is due to insufficient thermal insulation of the basement.

In such houses, measures were not taken to improve waterproofing, so dampness also pulls from below.

In new buildings, concrete floors between apartments and technical rooms, underground garages of the lower level not specially insulated. The underground level is most often not heated.

The floors in the apartments (linoleum, laminate) are laid directly on the concrete floor, without an air gap.

Apartments on the first floor suffer the most from the cold, giving off heat to the upper rooms and not receiving heat from below. in better ways insulation become active (using the heat of electricity, water) underfloor heating. In many cases, it is enough to improve the floor laying a thermal insulation layer.

Technologies for improving thermal insulation

All floor reconstruction technologies with bulk, sheet, block heat insulators are built on the principle of creating an artificial obstacle in the way of cold air from materials with low thermal conductivity.

When planning insulation, you need calculate their weight volume, placement.

The most popular construction under a wooden floor is an additional volume in which heat insulators are placed.

Simple structures are built on laying a wooden frame (log) under the floor, between which a heat insulator is placed.

A new floor is laid on the outer surface of the log.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant usable volume reduction apartments - during the reconstruction of the floor, its height can increase up to ten centimeters.

For old apartments, an accurate calculation of the weight of the heat insulator is required, which may be excessive for worn floors.

Materials for insulation

The list of heat-insulating materials used in construction and repair technologies is quite large.

For economy, ease of installation to the best heat insulators relate:

synthetic materials (polystyrene, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, teplex);
modern wood fiber insulation;
mineral wool;
fiberglass;
gypsum sheets;
liquid ceramic heat insulators.

In modern practice, bulk heat insulators are practically not used. The oldest of them, sawdust, is prone to rotting, mold, and fire hazard.

Not bad thermal insulation properties of expanded clay offset by the heavy weight of the bulk material.

Wood-fiber sheet materials, liquid ceramic heat insulators proved to be excellent, but expensive.

Fiberglass materials are quite heavy, can clump together, cause allergies.

Pretty expensive and mineral wool boards. Thermal insulation properties are provided by low thermal conductivity of fibers from the melt of volcanic basalts, diabase, porphyrite.

Thin fibers are bonded with phenol-formaldehyde binders, improve sound insulation, are strong and durable.

For simple self-insulation most acceptable synthetic heat insulators from a wide range of which you can make your own choice.

Do-it-yourself floor insulation

Log wooden frame(wooden slats) is quite simple to make. Their size is chosen based on the thickness of the insulation.

In addition to the heat insulator, the log will need:

wood frame fastener(dowels, self-tapping screws, anchors);
construction adhesive, mastic;
waterproofing layer(in the very simple version- dense polyethylene);
construction foam(if necessary, to fill gaps in hard-to-reach places).

The bottom layer of waterproofing is laid on the concrete base, after which logs are attached to the concrete.

The step between the lags may depend on the cutting of the heat insulator, it is considered optimal distance between bars at 60 centimeters. Logs in apartments above damp basements can be additionally treated with water-repellent impregnations.

A heat insulator is laid in the gaps, which is covered on top with an outer layer of polyethylene.

Attached to the legs wooden floor base(fine flooring). Ventilation gaps are left at the walls.

Underfloor heating with artificial heat carriers

Warm water floors in city apartments they are rarely equipped, requiring an autonomous heating device, a large amount of installation work, and calculation of the structure by weight.

More rational electric thermal, infrared heating polo V. Underfloor heating with electric heating minimally takes up usable space and does not require a complete reconstruction.

Significant electric floor heating cost(about $ 100 per square meter) often forces residents to equip only cold plumbing rooms with them, although laying is possible in the entire apartment.

The cold floor in the apartment is the number one problem. The inhabitants of the first floors suffer from a constant breath from below. Even by insulating the ceiling and walls, you will not correct the situation, since the main contact area is the flooring. Exit one. High-quality floor insulation will not only create comfort in the rooms, but also reduce material costs for paying for heating.

Types of insulation, which is better to choose

The types of existing heaters allow you to make a choice that is most suitable for each individual case. Bulk materials, slabs, a roll version, as well as a liquid composition, each is suitable for floor insulation on the ground floor.

Loose materials Varieties of loose insulating materials include expanded clay, foam plastic chips, slag and some others. Their advantage is the ability to fill the space between the existing crate as much as possible. Expanded clay also has low thermal conductivity, high strength and durability.

Plate materials This type of insulation is also subdivided depending on their main component. These are mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, basalt fiber, vermiculite and others. They are lightweight and have low thermal conductivity. To increase thermal insulation, they are used complete with rolled heaters.

Styrofoam is an environmentally friendly finishing material, affordable, but it is fragile and melts when heated. More good option- This is polystyrene foam, which has a high density, besides, it is not combustible.

Vermiculite is also an environmentally friendly material, but expensive in slab design. An alternative would be its granular form, which is considerably less expensive.

Roll materials In this form, mineral wool, cork mats, foil insulation with a different number of layers are produced.

Some species from this category have a small thickness, therefore, to keep the heat of the floor, it is better to combine them with thick varieties. As for mineral wool, which is an excellent thermal insulator, it copes with the task, as independent option. Add in its low cost and you get a great solution to the problem.

Liquid insulation materials This insulation is a mixture of cement mortar with expanded clay, foam plastic chips or wood shavings.

Popular liquid insulation- penoizol. It is a polymer having a foamed structure. They fill the entire space with the help of specialized equipment.

There is also an environmentally friendly, but rejected by many material. Plant fiber from straw pressed into mats is a great alternative modern materials. The only negative point is that after time it decomposes, like any organic matter.

One of the factors influencing the choice of insulation is the type of floor base - concrete or wood. Also, the design features of the insulation process are affected by the presence of a basement or its absence.

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concrete floor insulation

On the one hand, the concrete base is durable, which is why it is the main material for flooring in apartment buildings. But it holds the cold well. This is especially noticeable on the first floor, regardless of whether there is a basement or whether the floors are close to the ground. In any case, a thermal insulation device is required.

If there is a basement, waterproofing must also be provided, since the dampness that forms below will be deposited on the walls in the form of mold.

It is necessary to start floor insulation with preparatory work. Remove the clean coating, check the concrete base for cracks, crevices and other deformations. Eliminate existing defects by pouring cement mortar, leave to dry completely. Then treat the surface with an impregnation specially designed to strengthen cement and concrete.
Next, a waterproofing layer is laid, which is successfully used as a polyethylene film. Its edges should be brought to the walls by 15 cm.
Frame arrangement for insulating material. Logs are placed on pre-laid bars, and the structure itself is attached to a concrete base.
The next step is the installation of insulation. The first layer may be loose. Above it is the space between structural elements filled with any other type of insulating product.
For moisture resistance, the structure is covered with a waterproofing film, fixing it to the logs with brackets.

On this, the warming process can be completed. But if the height of the room and the family budget allow, you can enhance the thermal insulation properties of the floor base. Plywood or boards are suitable as a subfloor, it depends on the type of clean coating.

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Wooden floor insulation

Wooden floor is practical, aesthetic appearance, environmental friendliness, it is warmer than concrete. But even this type of coating on the ground floor needs to be insulated. The technological process takes place in compliance with a certain sequence.

Remove the existing coating, checking its integrity.
Fill the space between the lags with sheets of mineral wool or foam. If expanded clay is used as a heater, choose fine granulation. Pour loose and compact so that the backfill is uniform and dense. But before you deal with expanded clay, lay the waterproofing in the form of a plastic film.
The next layer is gypsum fiber sheets, which differ from drywall in increased strength. Putty the seams and you can lay the finishing floor.

Expanded clay insulation is the most reliable option for keeping warm. It can also be laid on a concrete base. Differs in the minimum heat conductivity, low density, very easy.

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External insulation options

A huge role in the insulation of the floor on the ground floor will be played by external insulation, that is, a number of activities carried out in the basement. This is not always realistic, and not every material is suitable for these purposes, but when conditions allow, this opportunity should be used.

It is impossible not to take into account the presence of existing communications that interfere with the work. The use of mineral wool is unacceptable in high humidity basements. Observing fire safety standards, foam insulation also has a certain risk, but in some cases it is possible. Glue sheets of insulation to the ceiling of the basement with a ready-made composition sold in specialized stores. Fill the joints with mounting foam.

The most optimal solution is to insulate the door to the basement. Let it be a little, but heat can be saved in this way. The access of cold air will stop if the ventilation hole in the basement is closed for the winter period.

Warm floor

Insulated floors of a new type, in addition to maintaining the thermal regime of the floor covering, also increase the air temperature. Their varieties differ in the principle of operation and cost, both during installation and during operation.

Infrared floors are a special purpose film. Fits directly under the finish coat.
Electric are mounted in a coupler or on top of a draft flooring. Installation of such a floor is quite simple, but the negative point is its high power consumption.
Water is a tube with circulating water. They sink into the screed. This is the most economical option during installation and operation. First, one of the classic heaters is laid on the floor to reduce heat loss. A reinforcing mesh is laid on top, designed to fasten pipes with clamps. The tubes themselves are arranged in a spiral, water is poured into them. And only after special testing is carried out screed. When it dries, you can proceed to the device of a clean floor. The effect obtained from warming in this way will meet all expectations.

Each person is characterized by the desire for economy and comfortable conditions. To get both at the same time, it is enough to use one of the methods of floor insulation in an apartment on the ground floor. You will feel comfort instantly, but the economic effect will be your companion throughout the entire time of your stay in a warm room.

Video: floor insulation above a cold basement

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How to insulate the floor on the first floor - the choice of material

By reinforced concrete slabs ceilings, floor insulation in an apartment on the ground floor can be performed using the dry or wet screed technology, or thermal insulation can be laid between the logs of a wooden floor. After the elimination of heat losses in the ceilings, the quality of living can be significantly improved by adding the contours of a warm floor to the design.

The choice of thermal insulation material

When designing the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in an apartment or country dwelling, one should take into account the features of existing heat-insulating materials:

Vapor barrier;
Thermal conductivity;
Density;
Price.

For the same conditions in construction, there are always several technical solutions. An option is chosen with a rational combination of the construction budget, safety margin and operational resource, taking into account the requirements of the developer and the actual conditions of the project.

Compatible with concrete and wood

Before you insulate the concrete floor in the apartment on your own, you must consider the following nuances:

the necessary rise in the level of the finishing floor covering;
the presence of contours of the warm floor and its design (electric, water, film);
characteristics of the construction materials used.

To eliminate the heat loss of the lower floor, foamed polymers are not considered in principle. The materials most in demand for these purposes are:

Important! Specific heaters should be considered only in combination with the technology of their installation. Since for some finishing flooring only screeds are suitable, while for others - a wooden subfloor.

Layer thickness

Heaters do not have the same thermal conductivity, which affects the thickness of the layer to eliminate the same heat loss. For the materials under consideration, this characteristic is:

The thermal conductivity of all these heaters, with the exception of expanded clay, is approximately the same, the performance properties are different. For example, ecowool is considered the only effective tool against mice, in all other heat insulators, these rodents either make moves or settle in families.

When choosing expanded clay, you will need a much larger layer to insulate the floor in the apartment with your own hands to the level of other materials. However, it is this bulk product that is used in dry screeds, which is why it is considered on a par with the others.

Technology Choice

Before you insulate the floor on the ground floor of the apartment, you need to consider several technologies, depending on the factors:

room humidity - hot water, cold water and sewage pipes pass in bathrooms and kitchens, there is a high probability of leaks, so it is better not to use dry screeds and wooden floors along the logs with your own hands, preference should be given concrete screed or self-leveling floor;
type of flooring - porcelain stoneware and tiles have a maximum resource exclusively on screeds, for parquet and grooved boards it is more convenient to log or wooden black floor, for other coatings (laminate, carpet, linoleum, pvc tile) does not make much of a difference.

However, the performance characteristics of heaters limit their use in some technologies:

it is impossible to lay ecowool in the screed;
expanded clay will mix with concrete and float to the surface, the thermal conductivity of the material will change and grinding or leveling with a self-leveling floor will be required;
EPPS foam glass and expanded polystyrene will withstand any operational loads under a layer of concrete, will not get wet over time, and will retain their initial characteristics;
mineral wool will divert from wooden lag excess moisture that penetrates the inside of the cake, despite the presence of vapor barrier membranes;
ecowool also has hydrophobicity, does not shrink, but it is more difficult to work with it, it is almost impossible to install the contours of a warm floor into the material.

Advice! Dry screed is chosen for residential premises in order to reduce repair time. In this technology, expanded clay is poured under the GVL slabs, finishing is possible on the same day.

Concrete screed

In the presence of slab reinforced concrete floors, the floor of the first floor is easiest to make using wet screed technology. Design features are:

the minimum layer thickness is 3 cm;
structural material - sand concrete (proportion 1/3, cement, sand, respectively) or ready-mixed concrete with a fine filler fraction (crushed stone 5/20 mm);
waterproofing - applied over the floor slab, extends to the walls by 15 - 20 cm, is carried out using a coating or gluing technology in a continuous layer;
insulation - foam glass or high-density extruded polystyrene foam XPS.

Wet screed with a layer of insulation.

The main advantage of a wet screed is the ability to add underfloor heating contours and acoustic material to the design.

Important! The thickness of the screed is calculated from the last (upper) layer located inside it, that is, from the insulation or pipes of the water-heated floor.

The technology has been worked out to the maximum by generations of developers, it does not have complex operations:

finding the top point - in all rooms at an arbitrary height, the laser plane builder creates marks of a single horizontal level, the distance from the line to the ceiling is measured, the smallest value will be at the top point of the structure;
waterproofing - two layers of bituminous or polymer mastic or waterproofing membrane;
laying insulation - a layer of XPS 5 - 10 cm in a continuous layer with filling the slots with mounting foam;
damper installation - the walls at the junctions with the slab are pasted over with rubber tape or strips of insulation 2 cm thick are installed;
reinforcement - wire mesh is laid with an overlap of 5 cm at least on polymer pads that provide a protective layer of concrete;
warm floor - used as needed, pipes are attached to the wire mesh with clamps or wire twists;
lighthouses - the profile is installed on a quick-hardening starting putty in a single horizontal level to ensure a screed thickness of at least 3 cm at the top point;
pouring - concrete is laid between the beacons, the excess is removed by a rule or a vibrating screed;
grinding - in order to reduce the thickness of the layer and even out possible unevenness of the hardened concrete, the surface is processed by a grinder.

Screed by warm floor.

Instead of sanding, you can use a thin layer (5 - 10 mm) of self-leveling floor, which can also be a topcoat.

Dry screed

The main nuances in the manufacture and implementation of a dry screed project are:

the thermal conductivity of the structure, even in a panel house, will be 0.25 - 0.35 W / m * K;
structural noise will decrease by 20 dBa, air noise by 3 dBa;
thermal insulation of the floor is provided by a 2 - 8 cm layer of expanded clay sand, on top of which two layers of GVL are laid;
the compressive strength of the structure is 22 MPa, it is possible to glue porcelain stoneware or mount a laminate.

Dry screed.

Gypsum fiber boards can be walked on already in the process of laying, facing them on the same day.

Advice! Despite the presence of moisture-resistant GVL, it is better not to use this technology in kitchens and bathrooms, and other wet areas. Even before laying the tiles, the surface of the gypsum fiber boards will have to be additionally treated with waterproofing, which will increase the repair budget.

Wooden floor on joists

In budget or, conversely, luxury interiors, wooden flooring is often used. Therefore, instead of a screed, you can immediately make a boardwalk or subfloor from wood-based chipboard / OSB boards, plywood. Although wooden coverings have high thermal insulation properties, may be required additional insulation, for example, if the 1st floor is located above the subfloor.

In this case, a leveling screed is not necessary; the load-bearing structural elements - logs - are mounted according to the level. Insulation is laid between them, from below it is protected by waterproofing, from above by vapor barrier. Absolutely impenetrable materials do not exist, a certain amount of moisture penetrates into the construction cake. Therefore, in this case, you should choose mineral or ecowool, which will partially absorb moisture, give it back when the microclimate in the room changes.

The best solution for this technology is an adjustable floor:

logs are set on studded floor slabs;
after adjusting the horizontal level, the protruding part of the studs is cut off by the angle grinder;
the space is filled with ecowool, basalt slab or glass wool;
the insulation is sewn up with a vapor barrier membrane;
mounted black plywood floor, edged board or chipboard.

Important! With a lag step within 40 cm, you can do without a subfloor if you choose a grooved board as a floor covering.

Thus, the concrete floor of the lower floor in the apartment can be insulated in several ways. The main task of the builder is to choose a heat-insulating material suitable for a particular technology and to comply with the minimum thickness of the construction layer.

Advice! If you need repairmen, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below detailed description works that need to be done and offers with prices from private craftsmen, repair teams and companies will come to your mail. You can see reviews of each of them and photos with examples of work. It's FREE and there's no obligation.

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A cold floor in apartments located on the first floors is a fairly common phenomenon. The floor in any apartment is the coldest place - due to the fact that warm air rises up to the ceiling. And the first floor aggravates this situation by the fact that under the apartment there is an unheated space (basement, subfloor) or soil. In this case, you have to make additional efforts to warm the floor.

You will need

A set of construction tools, mounting foam, insulation (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc.), vapor barrier, dry mix for screed.

Instruction

Insulation of the basement One of the most common causes of a cold floor is insufficient tightness of the basement. Check the base around the perimeter from the inside of the basement or subfloor for cracks. If found, seal them with mounting foam. Do the same work for the basement floor.

Don't forget to close when cold weather sets in. ventilation holes in the basement of the house.

Choosing a method of floor insulationDetermine the method of floor insulation.

The choice of a specific insulation method depends on the type of flooring and the distance from the concrete base to the maximum possible floor level (the level of the lower edge of the entrance and interior doors).

If the floor is covered with a floorboard and its quality suits you, the most economical and fast way there will be floor insulation with mineral wool. If at the same time as warming you are going to replace the floorboard with something else, you can insulate the floor with one of the types of foam. This material provides a high level of thermal insulation.

If your floor is a cement screed with linoleum or ceramic tiles in place and there is enough space for laying insulation and additional screed at the same time, a good option is to insulate the floor with polystyrene foam.

If there is not enough space for thick insulation, thinner materials should be chosen, for example, soft fiberboard or GVL drywall.

Insulation of the floor with mineral wool Dismantle the floorboards, marking them with chalk to maintain the same order during subsequent installation. Check the tightness of the base and vapor barrier (if any). Seal the cracks found in the base with mounting foam. If the quality of the existing vapor barrier is good, you can not change it. If the tightness of the vapor barrier is broken, replace it with a new one.

Lay mineral wool slabs between the joists, making sure that they fit snugly against the joists and walls. Lay the floorboard in the same order as before.

Floor insulation with polystyrene foam

Dismantle the existing floor (wood plank, linoleum, laminate, parquet, etc.) to a concrete base. If the floor is covered with ceramic tiles, it does not need to be touched.

Lay the vapor barrier on the concrete base. Lay a layer of polystyrene foam. Cover it with plastic wrap. Lay a reinforced screed from a cement mortar or a mortar prepared from a special dry mix over the film.

The further procedure depends on the type of flooring chosen.

Floor insulation with drywall.

Remove the floor covering. If necessary, level the concrete base - fill the depressions with putty, grind off the protrusions. Lay a layer of vapor barrier with a bend on the walls.

Lay sheets of drywall GVL with a thickness of 12 mm. Lay an edge tape along the perimeter (between the wall and the ends of the sheets) to compensate for temperature and humidity fluctuations in the dimensions of the drywall. Coat the surface of the drywall with adhesive mastic and lay the second layer of drywall, paying attention that the joints of the upper sheets do not coincide with the joints of the lower sheets. When the mastic hardens, putty and prime the surface of the drywall.

Install new flooring. It can be anything - laminate, parquet, linoleum, tile.

How to properly insulate the floor of the first floor

Many owners of city apartments prefer to live no lower than the ninth floor. And this is their choice. But for the elderly and young families with children, this option is not suitable if the elevator does not work constantly in the house. For the first, it is a big problem to go up and down the stairs, and for the second, it is difficult to drag strollers up and down. Therefore, for this category of residents, the first floor is optimal. But this option has its drawbacks. They relate to heat loss through the floor in the rooms. Experts say that the temperature difference between the floor and the interior space should be a couple of degrees. If this figure is greater, then it will be necessary to insulate the floor of the first floor.

Some technical points

Let's start by making one very important remark. Any thermal insulation process is best carried out outside the living quarters. Here it is important to take into account that the place of condensation of moist air vapor will pass at the border of the concrete base and insulation, which usually leads to a loss in the quality of the latter. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to lay the insulation outside the concrete slab, that is, from the side of low temperatures.

How can this be done in relation to the floor of the first floor? Much will depend on which basement is located in the house. Most often, this is a technical room with common house communication networks. The temperature in it is higher than outside, but it is not enough to be considered normal. In order to insulate the floor of the first floor from the basement, you need to coordinate your actions with the service company, that is, obtain permission to carry out thermal insulation work. Usually there are no problems with this.

Now you need to determine the location of your apartment according to the plan of the house. Be sure to mark the floors with chalk or paint so you don't have to look for them again. The rest of the process is quite simple. To do this, you need to take, for example, foam and stick it with a special adhesive composition on the floor plane from the basement side. Install the panels tightly to each other, and if there are gaps, then fill them with mounting foam. Styrofoam quickly absorbs moisture. And if the humidity in the basement is high enough, which happens often, cover the insulation with plastic wrap, which you attach to the ceiling with the same glue.

But it is not always possible to carry out the process of thermal insulation of the floor on the 1st floor from the side of the basement. So, it will have to be moved to the apartment.

How to insulate the floor from the inside of the apartment

There are many options for insulation. All of them differ from each other in the heat-insulating materials used and the technology of their installation. But in all processes there is one operation, the quality of which will largely depend on the final result. This is the vapor barrier of the floor on the first floor. What is this layer for?

Scheme of laying insulation on a concrete floor

Again, we return to the humid air, which is always there and will be in the basement. Recall that the place of condensation of wet vapors is the boundary between concrete and insulation. And since the process has moved into the rooms, this place also moves to the surface of the concrete base. If you do not carry out preliminary work to protect the floor, then moisture will accumulate on the floor, which will affect the quality of the heat insulators.

This problem can be solved in another way, using moisture-resistant types of insulation. For example, plates of extruded polystyrene foam. This is an excellent material, which is denser and more durable compared to foam. But it's still not worth the risk. Lay plastic wrap, because the cost of it is low.

And one more point, which experts pay special attention to. Miscellaneous materials differ in the degree of heat absorption. For example, concrete slab has a high coefficient of heat absorption, and the tree, on the contrary, is low. To make a warm floor in your apartment on the ground floor, it is necessary to take into account this particular coefficient. That's why such Decoration Materials, like parquet, polymer tiles, linoleum and floorboards are the best solution to the issue of floor insulation.

Warming technology

So, the insulation of the floor of the first floor from the inside of the apartment must begin with the installation of a vapor barrier. To do this, you can use a conventional polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns. It is laid out over the entire area, and if the floor is not closed with one strip, then the vapor barrier strips are overlapped by 10–15 centimeters. The edges of the material must be connected with construction tape.

Attention! The polyethylene film is laid in such a way that its edges lie on the wall surfaces, covering them 20 centimeters above the level of the finished floor base. In fact, you should get a kind of pit in the shape of a room.

Mineral wool installation

And now you need to choose a heater. If the base of the floor in your apartment is a concrete floor slab, then when insulating, you will encounter the problem of reducing the height of the ceilings. Whether you like it or not, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, as well as the finish, will reduce this size. Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at the height of your ceilings and determine by what amount they can be reduced. After that, you can choose a heat insulator.

The easiest way to insulate the floor is to fill in expanded clay, followed by pouring the screed. If the room is small, then you can fill up the insulation over its entire area. If the room has a decent size, then it is necessary to break the floor into several sections and backfill the expanded clay on them. After that, you can pour the screed over the heat-insulating material itself or over the waterproofing and reinforcing frame. Again, everything will depend on the size of the room. The larger they are, the more additional materials will have to be used to increase the strength of the poured surface.

It is this type of insulation that is used most often today. Yes, it is not as simple as it seems. The screed will dry longer before finishing work. But anyone can insulate the floor in this way with their own hands, since the technology is very simple. What can not be said about the insulation with the help of a lag structure and a finishing floor made of boards. Here, too, there are no big problems, but not everyone will be able to cope with the installation processes necessary with this technology. And the height of the ceilings during the construction of the lag structure is significantly reduced, which is not permissible in all apartment buildings especially the old ones.

However, this technology is often used, in addition, the time for work is reduced due to the fact that you do not need to wait for something to dry out. We installed logs, filled the wooden floor and continue finishing with floor materials. Therefore, let's consider this option of insulation.

Warming with a lag structure

Styrofoam in logs

Where does it all begin? As usual, with the installation of vapor barrier, the technology of which is described in the previous section. After that, logs are mounted, which are attached to the concrete base with self-tapping screws. Please note that the thicker the floorboards, the less often you can install logs.

Now you need to carry out the thermal insulation of the floor. To do this, a heater is selected, for example, mineral wool or polystyrene, which is tightly laid in the interlag space. Try not to leave gaps, cracks and gaps. If any are found, then fill them with mounting foam. Special attention pay attention to the space between the walls and the insulation. And one moment. Leave a small gap between the heat insulator and the floorboards, which will play the role of ventilation. This will increase the service life of the floor structure in general and thermal insulation in particular by several times.

And the last stage - a waterproofing layer is laid, for example, a plastic film, and floorboards or plywood are stuffed. Why is waterproofing necessary? You will do wet cleaning anyway, which means that water will penetrate under the boards, which threatens to reduce the quality characteristics of insulation. In addition, you are not immune from spilling liquids from cups, glasses, glasses, vases and other vessels. Waterproofing will stand guard and will not allow liquid to enter the thermal insulation materials.

Installation of a warm floor

Wooden floor

Underfloor heating as an alternative to the listed options is also widely used. It can be mounted both on the first and on the second floor, regardless of the requirements:

First, it will be an insulated surface.
Secondly, it can be used to change the microclimate in the apartment by reducing the humidity coming from the basement.
Thirdly, you can thus create more comfortable living conditions.

Some useful tips:

The easiest way to install a warm floor is to lay it in a leveling screed. Both electrical and water systems can be used here.
A water heated floor can also be laid on a wooden base. True, here you have to tinker. After all, polymer pipes must be laid in specially made grooves and covered with foil from below. After that, a finishing coating should be mounted on such a floor.

Modern ways

Modern market building materials annually replenished with new products that surpass traditional products in many respects. The same can be attributed to heaters. For example, extruded polystyrene foam. It is, in fact, foam, but more dense. It is made in the form of sheets that can be laid on the floor without any frames.

old classic technology

The only thing that is required is a plane that is flat and without large drops. You don't even need a vapor barrier. Styrofoam sheets are laid on the floor in a row and attached to the base with glue and mushroom-shaped screws. Why offhand? Thus, an even distribution of the load over the entire floor area is achieved. This material is so dense that it has high strength, and you can walk on it in shoes without any fear that it will deteriorate or break.

The most amazing thing is that you can pour a screed onto the sheets of expanded polystyrene, install a plank floor, lay ceramic tiles, install the "warm floor" system and so on. That is, in many respects perfect option floor insulation in apartments on the first floor. It is not as cheap as polystyrene, although it is its modified counterpart, it has excellent qualities. So your expenses will pay off very quickly.

Conclusion on the topic

Warming the floor of the first floor in many houses is a necessary thing. There are options, as you can see. Which one to choose, you decide. But if it is possible to use the first option from the basement, then choose it. If this is not possible, then look at the circumstances. After all, not everyone can do, for example, the construction frame system or pouring the screed with the expectation of a few days until it dries. So everyone should approach the execution of construction operations, based on their capabilities and the design of the house.