The choice of paint for interior decoration premises is always relevant. There are a lot of different offers of paints and varnishes on the market and it is very difficult for an inexperienced person who makes repairs with his own hands to do right choice. This article will focus on water-based paint as a fairly popular option for finishing walls and ceilings. We will consider the characteristics, types, methods of application, as well as helpful tips according to her choice and coloring of surfaces.
Water-based paints have a long history of use. During this time, all the advantages and disadvantages of this finishing material. First, we will look at the types of paints, as well as their pros and cons, and then move on to useful tips.
Advantages and disadvantages of water-based paints
First of all, it is necessary to note such an important parameter as environmental friendliness and safety. These paints do not have a harmful effect on the human body. There is also no odor. If you have not yet decided how to cover the walls and ceilings in the nursery, then it is recommended to pay attention first of all to water-based paints.
Since resins and other toxic substances are not used in some paints, it is very easy to wash off hands, tools and surfaces if you suddenly make a mistake in color, for example. It does not require the use of aggressive solvents and other means. It is enough to wipe the surface with a warm solution of soap and water and the paint will be washed off.
A significant advantage over other analogues is the rapid drying of water-based paint. Often you need to wait about 2 hours and you can already apply the next layer. Drying time may vary depending on environmental conditions. The lower the temperature, the longer this process will take.
But if you decide to mechanically treat the painted surface, for example, stick masking tape or decorative elements then you need to wait for complete drying. About 48 hours. Otherwise, the paint may come off.
At the end of the overview of the advantages, it is worth mentioning the color schemes. Water-based paint is easy to tint. To obtain the desired color, you need to add a special pigment. IN construction stores this is a standard service and a specialist will quickly perform tinting in front of you.
What are the disadvantages of water-based paints? There is only one drawback and it refers to the requirements for climatic conditions that must be met. It is possible to paint the surface only at positive temperature (from 5°C) and humidity up to 70%. No other shortcomings were noticed.
Types of paints
Water-based paint differs in composition and is divided into four types.
Acrylic
Acrylic resins are added to the main composition of such paint, which provide good resistance to water. The surface painted with acrylic paint is washable and it is almost impossible to remove it in this way. Some manufacturers claim that acrylic paint finishes can withstand up to 5,000 wash cycles.
Adding latex to the paint composition will help to get rid of small cracks on walls and ceilings and give the surface a smooth and even appearance. This requires at least two coats. With a high degree of adhesion, this paint adheres well to the following materials: wood, metal (primer required), glass, concrete, stone, brick. Acrylic paint dries within a few hours.
Silicone
The main components for the production of such paint are silicone resins. These elements give silicone paint unique properties - high vapor permeability and water resistance, as well as abrasion resistance.
Such properties allow it to be used in rooms with high humidity and protect surfaces from fungus and mold.
If the surface is damaged and has defects in the form of cracks (up to 2 mm), silicone paint will fill them and level the plane.
silicate
Silicate paint got its name because of the special composition, which includes materials such as liquid glass and coloring pigments. They give resistance to adverse weather conditions. But you should be aware that the use of silicate paint is unacceptable in wet areas, as this will damage the coating.
Manufacturers claim that the service life can be up to 20 years. But this value still depends on the influence of environmental conditions and can change both up and down.
Silicate paint is suitable for interior and exterior decoration.
Mineral
Mineral paint contains cement or slaked lime. The purpose is to treat the surface of concrete and brick, as well as other surfaces due to good adhesion. It is considered the most environmentally friendly and can be used indoors, regardless of their purpose. 
A film is formed on the painted surface, which is resistant to the aggressive influence of moisture, oils, fats, and light. But a significant drawback in the form of a short service life does not make mineral paints a favorite among other types.
The choice of emulsion paint
Before choosing a paint for decorating a room, pay attention to the surrounding conditions. If the humidity is high in the room, then it is better to paint the walls with silicone paint. For children consider mineral. And for ordinary rooms, acrylic is quite suitable. Technical characteristics of water-based paints should be taken into account when choosing. And then you can count on long term painting services.
Step-by-step instructions for choosing paint:
- Familiarize yourself with the manufacturers of water-based paints. You can get an idea of the reputation and quality of products on specialized construction forums, where users leave their reviews and opinions. Reviews in online stores are often custom-made and this information does not correspond to the real one.
- After you have decided on the manufacturer, find the official store that sells this brand. It can be both a trading house and a large chain hypermarket.
- There are two things you should not do next:
- Don't trust sellers. Their main task is to sell the product in order to fulfill the sales plan. If you came for a specific brand, then choose it despite the persuasion of the seller to purchase another.
- Expensive doesn't mean better. Often the price is inflated due to the prestige of the brand, and the characteristics of the product are the same as those of more budget products.
- Remember that all quality water-based paints white color. In the store you can make any color tone. If the original paint is not white, then it is a fake.
Water-based paint is a finishing material that is made on the basis of water. The composition has become widespread among domestic buyers due to the relatively low cost and good performance. But before giving preference to this material, you need to learn about the main technical characteristics of water-based paint.
Each manufacturer manufactures these finishing materials using their own technologies, so the composition of water-based paints may vary slightly. The basis is water, in the medium of which there are the smallest polymer particles. The components are suspended in all layers of water. This mixture is the basis to which various components are added: antifreeze, antibacterial agent, dispersant, defoamer, density regulator, plasticizer and other ingredients that increase operational properties material.
To form a durable film after the paint has dried on the surface, its composition includes polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, various acrylates and versatate. Also, white in the form of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide is introduced into water-based compositions. These substances provide a snow-white color, which is then convenient to tint. Minerals can also be used as an additional component: chalk, slaked lime or cement. Due to this, materials are a little cheaper, sacrificing quality. Rarely enough, other types of mineral fillers are used: talc, calcite, mica, barite. Some manufacturers mix these ingredients in one product.
Manufacturers keep the exact proportions of the ingredients in the formulations a secret, so you need to focus on the brand. Another component of the material is a thickener. With the help of this substance, the density of the paint is regulated. For these purposes, CMC glue is usually used. The solvent in this case is purified water. As mentioned above, the exact composition of water-based paints depends on the production technology, but the general picture is approximately as follows:
- a mixture of water and polymers - 40–70% (at the same time, film formers in the dispersion contain about 40%);
- filler and dye - 30-40%;
- plasticizer - up to 10%;
- additional substances - up to 10%.
The general composition in all water-based paints is similar, but the quality is most affected by the types of additives
Types of water-based paint
There are 5 main types depending on the filler used in the production:
- Acrylic. This version uses acrylic resins. The material can be used for finishing wooden, glass, concrete, brick, plastered, as well as metal surfaces which have been pretreated with impregnation. Withstands up to 5 thousand washes.
- Silicone. The most expensive and durable type. The composition contains silicone resins. They pass air well and retain their original appearance for a long time.
- silicate. Consist of liquid glass and dyes. They serve up to 20 years, but are exposed to water.
- Mineral. As part of this type of coatings there are stone fillers. They are inexpensive and well suited for processing "naked" concrete walls. The disadvantage is that they serve no more than 5 years.
- Polyvinyl acetate. They dry quickly, do not emit harmful substances, are not affected by water, ultraviolet radiation and aggressive environments.
When choosing a paint, you should look not only at the price, but also at the performance characteristics. Advantages and disadvantages
If we talk about the positive aspects of this finishing material, then the following stand out:
- High setting speed. With good ventilation, it will take about two hours for the material to dry on the surface to be treated.
- Safety. The material does not contain harmful volatile substances, so personal protective equipment is not required during work.
- No unpleasant odor. This feature increases the comfort of working with the material. In addition, you do not need to ventilate the room for a long time after painting.
- Wide range of colors. The modern market offers a huge number color solutions, it is possible to independently create the desired shade. To do this, purchase white paint and color certain color. If the master does not have experience in mixing compositions, then it is better to ask to mix the paint in the store, otherwise the result may be disappointing.
- Ease of application. This process does not require rich experience or a professional tool. The material is easily washed off, which also makes it easier to work with it.
All types of water-based paints are absolutely safe, therefore they are approved for use even in preschool institutions The main disadvantage is the limited temperature range. At too low temperatures, the water in the composition freezes, which leads to damage to the paint. In addition, when using water-based paints, it is important to remember that they can lead to corrosion on untreated metal coatings. Also, do not paint them without pre-finishing hydrophilic materials such as gypsum or concrete.
Material Features
Before buying, you need to study some of the main indicators of this composition:
Specifications according to GOST
GOST 28196-89 regulates the indicators for the following 4 paints:
Paint VEAK 1180
This material is considered one of the most common for finishing works. Its specifications are as follows:
Among all kinds water-based compositions acrylic paints are considered the highest quality - The filler is acrylic resins.
- White color.
- Purpose - interior decoration.
- Consumption at optimal conditions is 150 grams per square meter.
- The solvent is purified water.
- Drying time at a temperature of 20 degrees - 1 hour.
Polyvinyl acetate paint
Water-based paint of this type is used not only for interior, but also for exterior finish. In addition, the material can be used for processing wooden surfaces, carton, plywood and so on. This material is fireproof, prolonged exposure to water can damage the coating. Drying time at optimum temperature and humidity is 2 hours. The hiding power of the material is high, but to cover spots and darker tones, you will have to apply 2-3 layers. Material consumption is 200 ml per 1 m2. Due to the relatively high consumption, this material is one of the most expensive in the water-based class.
Polyvinyl acetate paints have the best value for money When choosing a material, it is important to remember that all the above technical characteristics are inherent only in compositions that are made according to right technology. They have nothing to do with handicraft materials.
Water-based paints is the most commonly used for outdoor and internal works type of paints. They fit great on different kinds surfaces (except metal, as they contain a large number of water, which accelerates corrosion), are environmentally friendly (do not contain solvents, do not have a characteristic odor, and after drying they do not emit harmful substances). durable, do not crack, peel or fade. Another advantages of water-based paints- their affordable price. Using tinting fillers from white water-based paint, you can get paint of almost any required element. All this provides water-based paints with a fairly high demand from consumers.
Water-based paints
(they are also called water-dispersion, latex or emulsion paints) - these are harmless paints with a wide range of applications. Due to the peculiarities of their composition, they have excellent performance characteristics: they do not peel off, do not crack, do not fade, they are easy to apply and dry quickly. If you choose the right paint for a particular type of painted surface, then it will last up to several decades.
For painting ceilings, floors and external works it is advisable to use water-based paint or, as it is popularly called, an inexpensive environmentally friendly coloring composition. This article will discuss the types of water-based paint, their characteristics, use, advantages and disadvantages.
The content of the article about the types of water-based paint
The main types of water-based paint
Any repair is not complete without painting the walls and ceiling. Also today, painting facades are becoming more and more popular. We have already talked about, where you will find detailed technologies for performing work and video instructions.
The paint is an aqueous suspension of pigments, polymers and various fillers. After its application, the water evaporates, and thanks to the polymers included in the composition, a thin coating is created. Basically, the use, properties and price of paint depends on its type.
The main types of water emulsion: polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, latex, silicate, silicone. Despite the small variety, buyers often ask the question: “Which water-based paint is better?”. Consider the main types and.
Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint is the cheapest and highest quality. It is made on the basis of PVA and is only suitable for interior work, such as and. It is inexpensive, which is why it is so popular.
Advantages of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint:
- designed for interior painting on cardboard, wood, plaster and other porous materials;
- used for painting rooms to which high fire safety requirements are imposed;
- does not contain harmful components, fire and explosion-proof;
- has a small color palette, thanks to the use of various additives, you can get a shiny or matte surface;
- it is inexpensive in comparison with other types of water emulsion;
- excellent option for painting, fits well on flat surfaces;
- dries quickly.
Flawspolyvinyl acetate water-based paint:
- not suitable for painting metal surfaces;
- not resistant to moisture, therefore not suitable for painting facades;
- has a weak resistance, it is used only in dry rooms;
As for the consumption of paint, then for 1 m2 you will need no more than 250 g of light-colored paint or 150 g of dark ones.
Domestic companies produce polyvinyl acetate paints in accordance with, and the law also allows voluntary certification of paint for compliance with this GOST. The price of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is from 50 rubles. for 1 kg.
water emulsion
Among all types of water-based paint, the leading position in terms of quality and popularity is occupied by acrylic paint, made on the basis of acrylic resins, which are very durable and elastic, but also very expensive. Also on the market are cheaper analogues based on vinyl acrylic, styrene acrylic and acrylosilicon acrylic copolymers, but they are inferior in quality.
Peculiarities acrylic paints:
- suitable for interior work such as wall and ceiling painting;
- used for external work: from brick, concrete, etc.;
- suitable for application on alkaline substrates (plasters), only a month or more after completion of work. This is due to the fact that the process of hardening the plaster takes a lot of time and this requires carbon dioxide.
- their main property is low gas permeability, good protection from corrosion of reinforced concrete;
- widespread, you will find products in any hardware store;
- are not suitable for painting buildings with poor waterproofing of foundations and damp walls, it is better to choose silicone or silicate paints for these works.
To make the surface washable and not at all exposed to moisture, latex is added to water-based paints. The paint withstands 5000 brush cycles, but conventional paints can only be wiped infrequently. Therefore, it is suitable for and in the bathroom. This is the main advantage latex paint in comparison with other types of water emulsion.
It is also important that the water-repellent effect is not an obstacle to vapor permeability. This is a subspecies of acrylic paints, which is the most expensive. The advantage lies not only in good water-repellent properties, but also in the ability to bridge cracks (two layers bridge cracks up to 1 mm), which does not require pre-treatment with putty.
Washing paint from such manufacturers is popular: Expert, EcoDom, DALI, Premiere, Alpalux (ALPA, ALPA) for interior and exterior use based on acrylic resins and copolymers. You can find the leaders in this market, their products and prices in the article.
Silicate water-based paint
silicate water emulsion- This is an aqueous solution of liquid glass with the addition of colored pigments. Suitable for painting almost all surfaces, it has a high degree of adhesion, it is resistant to high humidity, temperature extremes and other atmospheric phenomena.
Features and use of silicate water-based paint:
- used for painting old buildings, the walls of which are affected ground water, at high humidity indoors;
- the coating has high air and vapor permeability;
- service life - up to 20 years;
- the disadvantage of this type of paint is that it does not protect the surface well from atmospheric moisture;
How to make water-based paint with your own hands?
The composition of all paints is practically the same - it is a binder (glue, etc.), filler, dye and various additives in small quantities. The binder is added depending on the use. Eg, oil paints are made on oil based, and water-based, of course, on water.
Do-it-yourself water-based paint is made quite simply. You will need:
- PVA glue (as a binder) - 0.5-1 kg per 10 liters of water;
- filler in the form of chalk powder - 6 kg;
- soap solution as a plasticizer - 50 g;
- the dye necessary in color, since as a result of mixing all the components a white composition is obtained;
- non-toxic pigments or a special color for water-based paints.
We dissolve the glue in water, add a soap solution and chalk to it, mix the mixture until a homogeneous white mass is obtained. Dye is added if necessary. Consistency and viscosity are determined by eye. It is necessary that the resulting mixture lay flat on the walls and not be too thick. To ensure greater plasticity, glue and soap solution are added. Before applying to the walls or ceiling, the paint is filtered.
Water-based paints are safe to use, environmentally friendly, do not harm health and environment especially handmade paints.
Video: Water-based paints
It has been successfully used for a long time not only in interior design, but also for outdoor work. But in last years lineups on water based are experiencing their second birth. Designers took notice. Such paints began to rapidly gain popularity, displacing various paints and varnishes produced on the basis of harmful solvents.
The unsafe oil paint, as well as nitro enamels, which were often used in our country during the Soviet era, have practically disappeared. Water-based paint for walls and ceilings is a composition with small polymer particles embedded (but not dissolved) in water, additives, fillers and pigments. After applying the paint to the wall (or ceiling) and further evaporation of water (in other words, after the composition dries), a hard and dense polymer film is formed, which firmly adheres to the base.
What is so attractive about this coverage?
Water-based paint for walls and ceilings is universal: it can be used to finish any type of surface. These are plaster and drywall, wood and brick, wallpaper for painting (especially glass) and concrete.
When choosing the required water-based composition, it must be borne in mind that there are several main types of water-based paints intended for finishing different rooms. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. In this article we will talk about all the pros and cons that water-based paint for walls and ceilings has, how to choose the right composition, calculate required amount of this material, and, of course, we will discuss how to properly apply the product to the surface.
What are water based paints?
Water-based formulations fall into several categories. Let's get to know them in more detail.
Acrylic paints
This is the most popular and frequently used type of coating. water-based for walls and ceilings is resistant to external influences. This is largely due to the presence of acrylic resins in its composition. When dirty, it can be washed. Therefore, it is ideal for decoration of residential premises, offices, etc.
Features of acrylic paints:
- Acrylic paint for walls and ceilings is suitable for any interior and exterior work. Consumption - from 100 to 200 grams per square meter (depending on the manufacturer).
- Application on alkaline bases (plaster) is allowed only after complete drying of the surface. This is due to the fact that the process of hardening the plaster layer is quite long, at least 30 days.
- They have low gas permeability and are good corrosion protection for reinforced concrete.
- Not suitable for finishing rooms with damp walls and poor waterproofing of the foundation. In this case, silicate and
Silicone resin based paints
It is the presence of silicone resins that makes these formulations expensive. They can be used for application on any mineral coatings. The main advantage of this paint is elasticity: it paints over cracks up to two millimeters. vapor-permeable, and, no less important, microbes do not multiply on such a coating.
All this allows the use of silicone compounds in rooms where the humidity is quite high: showers, bathrooms, kitchens, basements, etc. Due to the filling of roughness and irregularities, this paint is resistant to temperature and mechanical stress, humidity. It can be applied directly to the plaster without priming the surface first.
silicate paints
This is a mixture consisting of an aqueous solution, liquid glass and colored pigments. Its main advantages include the absence of a surface film, which is replaced by strong chemical-physical bonds. They are very resistant to mechanical and atmospheric influences. Manufacturers guarantee a long service life of these compounds - about twenty years. These paints are great for exterior decoration. open terraces and building facades.
Polyvinyl acetate paint
This paint is very popular because of the completely affordable price and at the same time high quality. It is made on the basis of PVA and is intended for interior finishing work.
Advantages:
- Perfectly fits on cardboard, plaster, wood and other porous materials.
- Can be used in areas requiring high level fire safety.
- It does not contain harmful components in its composition, it is explosion and fire safe.
- Has not very big color palette, but special additives will help give it any shade. The use of additives allows you to get a matte or glossy surface.
- Dries quickly.
mineral paints
Mineral water-based paint for walls and ceilings is based on cement and slaked lime and is used for painting concrete and brick surfaces. The disadvantage of these compositions is a short service life, therefore, in Lately they lose their popularity.
Washing water-based paint based on latex
If you need a surface that is completely unaffected by moisture, then you will need water-based paint for walls, washable ceilings. To obtain this effect, latex is added to paints at the factory. As a result, it withstands over five thousand wet cleanings, while conventional paints can only be wiped occasionally. Therefore, it is suitable for painting ceilings and walls in the kitchen, bathroom. This subspecies of acrylic paints belongs to the middle price category.
The advantage of these compositions is not only excellent water-repellent properties, but also the ability to cover fairly large cracks (two layers of paint easily cover cracks up to one millimeter), so thorough preparation with putty is not required before application.
Today, washable water-based paint for ceilings and walls of the following brands is popular:
- "Expert";
- "EcoDom";
- Dall;
- "Premiere";
- Alpalux.
Gloss degree
Water-based paint for walls and ceilings differs in one more indicator - the degree of gloss. To date, manufacturers offer:
- deep matte;
- glossy;
- matte;
- semi-matte (silky matte);
- highly glossy;
- semi-gloss.
Glossy and semi-gloss paints are more resistant to abrasion than matte and deep matte paints. Paints with a glossy effect can be washed much more often. This is due to the fact that the surface of such paint is perfectly smooth and even. Cleaning with a damp cloth does little to change its texture on a micro level, while matte paint can be wiped off quickly, resulting in unsightly shiny spots on the surface. In this case, the surface will have to be repainted.
Water-based paint for walls, ceilings: characteristics
Before purchasing a water-based paint, it is necessary to study its characteristics: composition, consumption, viscosity, drying time, specific gravity, storage conditions, expiration date.
Viscosity
An important indicator, which should be quite high. It determines the degree of dilution of the composition with water. When applied with a brush, this figure ranges from 40 to 45 s, when using a paint sprayer - from 20 to 25 s.
Consumption
It is 150 grams per square meter, 250 grams with a two-layer coating. Often, manufacturers unintentionally mislead buyers by indicating that their water-based paint for walls and ceilings has a consumption of 110-140 grams per square meter. Such indicators correspond to ideal conditions - a well-plastered, perfectly smooth wall, covered with a thin layer of paint. In fact, the consumption usually depends on the material of the surface to be treated, its roughness, absorbency and the method of painting. For example, roller application is much more economical than brush application. Yu.
Drying time
This indicator depends on humidity and air temperature. Optimal Humidity air - 65%, temperature - +20 °C. Drying time ranges from 2 to 24 hours .
Best before date
Most manufacturers indicate the shelf life of their products is 24 months from the date of manufacture. In this case, it is necessary to observe the storage conditions: provide a place protected from heat and prevent freezing.
How to define quality?
One indicator of the quality performance of water-based formulations is their cost. Considering that 90% of the components and materials used for the production of acrylic and water-based paints are imported to our country from Europe, then the price of one liter of paint cannot cost less than 70 rubles. A significant reduction in this cost can be caused by a significant decrease in product quality.
There is another indicator of quality - the weight of the paint. Its average density ranges from 1.35 to 1.5 kilograms per liter, so a ten-liter bucket should not weigh less than fifteen kilograms. Water-based paint for walls and ceilings should not be purchased on the market, especially in winter time, in unheated rooms - when freezing and further thawing, the paint loses its properties.
Manufacturers
It is important to choose the right well-known, well-established manufacturer of water-based paint. Today, the undisputed leader in our market is Dulux (Great Britain), excellent technical specifications and high quality water-based paint for walls and ceilings "Tikkurila" (Finland), no less popular (Germany), good quality, but Johnstone’s (Great Britain) have rather high prices. From domestic products, we recommend that you pay attention to Admiral and Eurolux (Russia).
Painting walls and ceilings with water-based paint
As a rule, there are no problems with painting the walls, but finishing the ceiling is a more technically complex process. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare the surface - remove the remnants of the old coating, sand and level. After this work, paint consumption will decrease significantly.
A water-based paint diluted by 30-40% with water can also become a primer, but it is better to use a high-quality primer for your type of surface.
Colored water-based paint for walls and ceilings needs preliminary testing to understand what its color will actually be. Apply a thin layer of a small amount of paint on the wall and wait for it to dry. As a rule, the color obtained is several tones lighter than in the bucket.
Painting walls and ceilings with water-based paint begins from the far corner of the room from the window, after which it is necessary to paint over the remaining corners and joints of the ceiling and walls: a strip about five centimeters wide is applied around the perimeter of the ceiling. After that, a roller or spray gun enters the work.
In order for the coloring to be uniform, it is better to apply two or even three thin layers than one too thick. It is important to know that the layers of paint should be superimposed perpendicular to each other. Each subsequent layer is applied after the final drying of the previously applied one. The last layer should be applied parallel to the light rays, away from the window. Thanks to this little trick, errors and small irregularities will be hardly noticeable.
To completely eliminate problems with errors, use textured glass. Woven textured surface perfectly masks all the errors when painting. It is not difficult to paint the walls, the ceiling with water-based paint, this work takes a little time and at the same time you can create an original interior.
