How to make wooden ladders under the veranda. How to build a wooden veranda - phased construction. Where to build a terrace

The opportunity to be at home and at the same time on the street, enjoy the surrounding nature and not get wet in the rain, sunbathe and barbecue, arrange a winter garden, relax with the whole family - all these desires become feasible thanks to the ancient invention of architects, popular today. Even to the finished house, you can attach a terrace with your own hands without spending a lot of money.

What is a terrace, its types

A playground near the house or in the garden, equipped for comfortable rest, as a rule, adjacent to one of the walls of the house, traditionally raised above ground level, with flooring and a canopy - this is the standard definition of a terrace. In fact, there are many types of terraces. To choose suitable option for your site, you should understand the differences and subtleties different types these sites.

Type

The division into main groups is done according to the design features and the degree of openness, as well as the location on the site. The choice of site type is influenced by the purpose and environmental conditions, for example, strong winds or the presence of a reservoir.

open

For a mild climate and if you want to relax in the fresh air, the outdoor terrace is perfect. It is made without walls and a roof, which allows you to enjoy the closeness of nature. For privacy, you can place tall plants or decorative elements on such a site, make a glass fence, mount balusters and railings.

The sun's rays and precipitation will fall on furniture and other interior elements, so it is better to choose sofas and armchairs from a material that is not damaged by water and does not fade.

For the winter, it is better to clean interior items in the house

semi-open

Today is a sunny day and I want an open area, and in the evening it will rain and get colder. In this case good decision there will be a compromise between a closed veranda protected from all sides and a terrace open to the sun and fresh air. Semi-open options are without a roof, but surrounded by walls and with a canopy in combination with a different number of walls and partitions, columns.

The most advanced version of such a private recreation area is a structure with sliding glass or plastic walls and canopy. When conditions change, you can close the shutters and find yourself in a room completely protected from the weather.

If you want to isolate yourself from immodest looks, then you can use curtains and curtains, put pots with indoor plants, hang a planter, plant a hedge around

Closed

If the weather conditions in the region are difficult and often change, then the best solution would be to build a covered terrace where you can relax and enjoy the countryside landscape even in winter. This is a whole room with walls and ceiling, a canopy or roof, it can be heated and has a separate entrance from the street or from the house.

Winter gardens are often arranged in a closed terrace, and in order to make the site more open in summer, sliding frames and walls are installed.

By location

The terrace can be located in the depths of the garden, by the pond or pool, adjacent to the house. Depending on the location, recreation areas have their own design features and nuances of decor and lighting.

Ground

A beautiful area in the garden can be arranged directly on the ground by preparatory work to strengthen and level the base for the terrace. A light canopy will shade and create privacy, wicker furniture provide comfort and garden plants and flowers around will give aroma and merging with nature.

To protect the terrace from the wind, you can install light partitions

Benefits of ground construction:

• ease and speed of construction;
• minimum financial costs;
• open space and closeness to nature.

Among the minuses can be noted:

• exposure to bad weather, the possibility of flooding;
• the need to treat materials with antiseptics;
• not recommended for unstable and complex soils;
• need a level ground.

Ground

These floorings are slightly raised above the ground, they are mounted on logs or concrete base. The finishing material for flooring is traditionally decking, which looks great and does not rot, has no splinters, is safe and pleasant to walk barefoot.

Advantages of ground sites:

• can be both open and closed or combined;
• small financial costs;
• the flooring protects from water and dust;
• great opportunities for design and decoration;
• does not require fencing due to its low height.

There are also relative disadvantages:

• the need to equip the foundation;
• wooden parts require special processing.

The decking of the terrace should be 5 cm below the level of the threshold of the house so that melting snow and rain do not get into the room

Exalted

Such terraces are raised above ground level to a height of half a meter, have steps, fences or walls, partitions. This is the best solution for difficult terrain and sloped areas, houses with a high basement and porch, if you want to build a multi-level zone for a comfortable stay. The advantages of this terrace are:

• opportunity beneficial use spaces with a slope or height differences;
• the possibility of building multi-stage complex structures.

overhanging

If there is a natural reservoir, a pool or a pond near the estate, then the construction of an overhanging terrace would be a good solution. It is also recommended for difficult terrain and a large slope near the house. Overhanging structures are very popular in mountain resort areas and estates with beautiful views. Advantages of an overhanging terrace:

• allows you to enjoy the proximity of water;
• the possibility of useful use of areas with difficult terrain;
• stunning view, the site seems to be floating in the air.

The disadvantages of the overhanging structure are the complexity of construction and the significant cost of the estimate, the need for fencing for safe rest

What can be built from

Various materials are used for the construction, the choice depends on the purpose and the presence of walls and roofs. For heavy structural elements, a stronger frame and a solid foundation will be required. On the market you can find special weather-resistant and expensive materials for outdoor use, and with a limited budget, use improvised and cheap ones.

Base and floor

For light open ground and soil galleries, it is enough to make a gravel-sand cushion. During its construction, gravel or crushed stone of medium fraction and sand are used, and geotextiles are laid between these layers. The geotextile will prevent sand from mixing with crushed stone and subsidence of the base, as well as strengthen and level the soil and prevent weeds from germinating on the terrace.

More solid platforms made of wood are traditionally built on a base of metal screw piles, concrete supports, screeds and bottom strapping made of wooden beams and lag.

For closed massive structures with a roof, the following types of foundation are suitable:

• tape;
• pile;
• screw.

A tape and pile view is performed from concrete grade M-300, sand, water and a plasticizer, which is taken as liquid soap. Reinforcement is carried out using a rod, metal mesh or improvised materials. When installing the formwork, you will need boards and bars for props, and the installation of piles involves the use of roofing material with fixed formwork and waterproofing.

The screw foundation is mounted from steel piles with blades at the bottom

The floor of the dirt terrace is not laid at all, furniture is arranged and enjoy the rest in good weather. You can lay out the site:

• paving slabs;
• tiled stone;
• sprinkle with small sea pebbles of different colors.

A harness is mounted on top of any foundation and logs are laid from a bar measuring 50x150 mm, aluminum profile or WPC for decking.

It is recommended to finish the flooring with a terrace board specially invented for the street. It looks neat and imitates natural wood of valuable and expensive varieties, has a rich palette of textures and shades, provides ample opportunities for stylish design recreation areas.

To fasten the deck board, you need to take galvanized or steel nails.

The advantages of this material:

• does not rot, does not fade, does not burn;
• does not deform under the influence of water and heat: does not warp or swell;
• the service life is at least 30 years;
• absolutely environmentally friendly and safe, it is pleasant to walk on it barefoot;
• affordable price, ease of installation;
• can be washed and cleaned with detergents.

Plain batten also used for flooring. Wood is inexpensive, this is its plus, but there are also disadvantages:

• under the influence of moisture, fungus and mold form on it, insects start up, appear dark spots, then the destruction of wood occurs;
• boards are deformed from water, and dry out from dry air;
• fire hazard.

To make it last longer, you should treat the board with antiseptic impregnation and cover it with several layers of weather-resistant or yacht varnish, and also choose rocks that are resistant to outdoor conditions, for example, larch.

Looks great on the terrace clinker or ceramic tile for outdoor work a natural stone. It is advisable to choose unglazed and non-slip coating options. Stamped concrete is an innovative material consisting of monolithic concrete, printed with polyurethane forms to form various textures on its surface.

Stamped concrete imitates wood, stone, pavers, ceramics

frame

The frame is the basis for the roof and future walls of the closed terrace, it carries the main weight load, therefore, for the strength of the frame, choose either a thick wooden beam, or metallic profile. For lightweight sites, metal-plastic structures can be used.

Processing of wooden parts is carried out with fungicidal impregnation and varnish or paint for outdoor use

The standard size of the timber for the support posts is 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, from the species you should choose larch or oak, coniferous. Aspen, birch or beech are not suitable for building a frame, as they are quickly destroyed by water. The support posts are reinforced with braces, which reduce the load on the supports and give the structure additional rigidity and stability. For these works, a bar with dimensions of 50x100 mm is taken.

canopy

Often a lightweight canopy is made on the terrace. It can be made of tarpaulin or other waterproof fabric, polycarbonate, wood, glass. The canopy is mounted even or with slopes, semicircular shape, complex configuration. During the construction of massive verandas, you will need support posts 150x150 mm, a truss system made of wood or metal, and roll waterproofing, as well as roofing material.

Soft roofing requires a continuous sheathing, it is used for domed roofs and tents

Polycarbonate is suitable as a roofing material. It is light, transparent, tolerates low temperatures well, can take a curved shape. Decking is inexpensive and easy to install.

Partitions

For a semi-open and closed area, it is necessary to install partitions and walls that will create privacy and protect from bad weather. Most often they are made of wood, they are solid and carved, in the form of lattices or low. With the help of partitions, the site is zoned into several corners with various purposes, For example, summer kitchen and the dining area is separated from the recreation area.

Covered terraces look great with full-height glass walls that come with sliding mechanisms to open on a fine day

How to make a terrace with your own hands

Building a terrace with your own hands will not take much time and is quite within the power of even a novice master.

Drawings and projects

If the main building has already been built and the terrace was not included in the project initially, you can design it later by drawing a detailed plan indicating all sizes and location on the site.

The owners of ready-made terraces post projects of their creations for general use on the Internet

If the terrace is attached to the house, then the length of the area adjoining the house is taken as the length

The floor area is determined by multiplying the length by the width. For example, for a terrace with dimensions of 3x4 m, the area will be 12 m². Layout and construction rules:

1. Decking consumption for finishing should be increased by 15%, making a reserve for waste. We round 13.8 m² to 14 and get the consumption of a decking board or other finishing material.
2. The consumption of fasteners per 1 m² will be 22 clips and 4 starting fasteners per 1 linear meter. m. Each fastener has a hole for a self-tapping screw. Thus, for 12 m², you need to take 240 clips and 24 starting, 264 self-tapping screws.
3. Along the perimeter of the finished flooring, the ends of the boards are closed with an end tape or a corner. The perimeter is 14 m.
4. For the base, you will need 3 main beams of 3 m each, logs that are laid in increments of 35 cm, you will need to take 3 per 1 m² running meters lag. The standard log length from the manufacturer is 4 m. With an area of ​​​​12 m², you will need to buy 9 logs of 4 m in length. In addition, crushed stone, sand, concrete supports are required.
5. Concrete pillars are dug in or poured to a depth of 40 to 60 cm every 1.5 m. The size of the supports is 40x40 cm, 9 supports are needed.
6. The height of the terrace should be slightly less than the height of the first floor of the main building in order to be able to slope under the canopy. With a house height of 3 m, the height of the terrace will be 2.5 m.
7. We count the support posts of the frame on the support blocks along the perimeter of the site, we get 8 racks of 2.5 m each. 16 m of timber 50x100 mm will go to the braces on both sides of each rack.
8. Shed roofs cover spans up to 4.5 m, with a longer length it is necessary to reinforce the structure with girders and rafter legs. The step between the rafters from the boards should be 60–120 cm, from the timber 100–175 cm, from the thick timber 150–200 cm. With a step of 80 cm, you will need 5 rafters 3.5 m long and 50x200 mm in size, waterproofing 12m² plus margin for an overhanging visor, a total of 14 m².
9. For the crate, boards of 25x100 mm are needed. Roofing material must be taken with a margin for the visor, which will be 14 m².

Wooden with a canopy

The project has been selected, the drawing is there, now you can start construction work. Consider, for example, all the stages of installing a wooden terrace with a canopy, one of the most affordable and popular options.

For construction, the following tools and consumables should be prepared:

• tape measure, level, pencil, ruler;
• shovel, hammer, hacksaw;
• sand, gravel, water;
• fasteners, screwdriver, drill with nozzles;
• timber, waterproofing, roofing material, boards;
• decking and accessories to it;
• antiseptic impregnation, varnish or paint for outdoor use.

Substrate and floor preparation

Stages of preparatory work:

1. The site is marked out according to the scheme, the perimeter is outlined, the places of the supporting blocks are marked. The top fertile soil layer is removed. Stones and debris are removed. Pits are dug under the supporting blocks, sand and gravel are poured to the bottom.

   The layer of gravel and sand in the pit should be 10 cm

2. Ready-made supports are installed on the pillow, they should protrude 15 cm above the surface to ventilate the flooring. For waterproofing, they are coated with bituminous mortar and wrapped with roofing material. Can do fixed formwork from roofing material and pour concrete pillars. The support bar is mounted horizontally to the wall of the house 5 cm below the floor level.

   The beam is fixed with anchor bolts every 60 cm

3. Beams are installed and fixed on the supports with reinforcement and fasteners, all junctions are waterproofed, logs are placed on top, attached to the support beam and beams, the strapping is knocked down.
4. A terraced or ordinary floorboard is laid and fastened across the log.

   The ends of the terrace board are closed with corners

5. The floorboard is polished and impregnated with stain and antiseptic, varnished in several layers.

Frame erection

canopy

For a wooden terrace attached to the house, the best solution would be a shed roof with a slope of 5-10º. Installation includes the following steps:

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate has flexibility, transparency and lightness, is available in various shades, and is durable. Due to these qualities, it is often used for terrace construction, where it is an excellent alternative to wood and metal.

Polycarbonate is easily and quickly mounted by hand

Necessary materials and tools

To work, the master will need:

• shovel, tape measure, level;
• crushed stone, sand, concrete M-300, water;
• wood or metal for the frame: profile pipe 80x80 for the main racks, 40x20 for the truss, embedded parts for the base;
• polycarbonate transparent or matte;
• welding machine;
• fasteners: bolts, nuts, hardware;
• drill, screwdriver, a circular saw, construction knife.

Substrate and floor preparation

Enough for lightweight polycarbonate metal frame and column base. Installation is carried out as follows:

Frame erection

Stages of work:

Canopy and walls

If the terrace is planned to be open, then it is enough to make a fence to the desired height. For a semi-open and closed recreation area, walls, partitions and a canopy are mounted. Work order:

Video: building a wooden terrace

Photo gallery: arrangement and decor of the terrace

It is beneficial to expand the usable space and equip a recreation area near the house with your own hands is easy and inexpensive. The result is a comfortable living room or dining room in the fresh air, in which the whole family will be happy to spend fine summer days.

Terrace attached to the house - comfortable place, where it is pleasant to relax in the circle of close people and, oddly enough, its construction can be done quite easily with your own hands. To understand how to do this, you need to learn more about the main features of this extension.

Distinctive features of the terrace

Before designing an extension for personal plot, you should decide how the design will be framed - in the form of a terrace, veranda or gazebo. All of these types of buildings are similar to each other, but also have significant differences.

Compared with analogues, the terrace has several distinctive features:

• is located on the common foundation of the building or on a separate one, but combined with the main one;
• its main purpose is summer rest, since, basically, it is built in the form of a large open area;
• not protected by walls, their role is played by railings;
• can be installed near any wall of the house or even around the entire main building.

All types of extensions to the house have one purpose - this is a place for outdoor recreation in the circle of a large campaign. Choice the best option will depend on the decision of the owner of the plot.

How to choose the best place to build a building?

Since the terrace is built for a pleasant pastime, the choice of its construction site should be approached thoroughly. It must match the following parameters:

• well lit by the sun;
• have a beautiful appearance;
• in harmony with the main building and with the features of landscape design.

In addition, when choosing the location of the future structure, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the soil, since this will determine which material is better to use in the construction of the structure, and which form will be most suitable.

What material is used to build the terrace?

Most often, wood is used for the construction of an extension of this type. It is quite strong and reliable. In addition, a wooden terrace will create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere while spending time on it.

Some homeowners choose to build an extension out of brick, concrete, or stone. Although such materials are durable, they are also quite expensive, and it is also more difficult to work with them than with wood.

The foundation for the construction of a structure can be very diverse, but in order to make it easier to build a terrace on your own, use a ready-made curb stone as a base. Thus, part of the work is significantly reduced.

That's why initial stage construction will be considered the laying of the foundation of the structure. To do this, it is necessary to designate the perimeter of the future building with the help of wooden stakes, on which the twine is pulled. At the corners of the marking, temporary supports made of bricks about 0.4 m high are placed.

A twine is pulled over the lag, after which they can be removed, and instead of bricks, concrete supports can be placed. Between them, trenches are pulled out under the curb stone, it is installed and poured with cementing mortar. After the cement has completely hardened, the entire base area can be covered with expanded clay to provide thermal insulation.

Construction of the terrace platform

After laying the base-foundation, you can proceed to the construction of the terrace area. For this, wood is most often used.

Logs are laid and fastened to the foundation, onto which the bars are fixed with the help of fasteners in such a way that small gaps for ventilation are formed between them. Before laying, the boards must be carefully treated with an antiseptic solution in several layers.

After the flooring is laid, its edges should be trimmed and the surface painted or varnished.

Roof installation

The installation of a roof is not necessary for the construction of a terrace, it is considered auxiliary element. For these purposes, you can use one of several roofing options:

• wooden bars;
• transparent slate;
• polycarbonate;
• awning.

As a rule, the roof on the terrace is not fixed. Many building owners usually use structures that can be quickly removed, such as large umbrellas.

Creating interior decor

Looks beautiful even on the open terrace wooden fencing, which consists of racks, balusters and railings. Such elements are assembled together and attached to the roof supports or to individual beams.

The extension is decorated with various decorative elements, such as fresh flowers, tulle fabric ceilings and others. Be sure to put furniture on the finished terrace for the convenient location of all guests, as well as sun loungers, if there is an opportunity to sunbathe.

There is no better material for building a home terrace than high-quality and properly processed wood. A wooden terrace always turns out to be warm and very comfortable. In most cases, even relatively complex terrace structures are quite capable of being built with your own hands.

At proper care and annual processing wooden elements protective compounds The service life of the terrace area can exceed twenty years.

How to build a deck out of wood

The main elements of a wooden terrace are:

• An open, even and flat platform, raised above the ground to a height of 20-100 cm;
• Fencing, railings and stairs. For terraced areas with a height of no more than 20 cm, stairs and railings, as a rule, are not made, but for other types of terraces, railings and railings are a mandatory element of safety;
• Canopy, awning or canopy in the form of an awning. In the classic version, the wooden terrace had no canopies and a roof, except for an umbrella or an awning tent canopy. Today, a terraced building is not only equipped with a roof, but also glassed with polycarbonate, thereby bringing its device closer to the design of the veranda.

For your information! A wooden terrace can be attached to the wall of the house, like a veranda, or be framed as a separate building.

As a foundation for a terraced structure, an ordinary columnar or pile foundation is most often used.

For attached terraces pillars made of red brick or rubble stone can be used.

When planning the structure of a building, a lot of factors have to be taken into account, for example, soil moisture and wind direction. Like any wooden building, the terrace "does not like" excess water on the ground, so it is even necessary to make additional drainage systems and cover the body and base of the terraced building with protective compounds.

The exception is a larch terrace. Softwood larch practically does not rot even in a humid environment, so it makes excellent piles and logs for tying the foundation.

In addition, the natural pattern and dark honey color of larch wood allows you to do without the use of coloring toners and varnishes.

Larch is perfect for the construction of the lower tier and the supporting frame of the terrace, but is not very suitable for finishing railings and floorboards. Dense and hardwood larch gives a large number of splinters and chips, so very careful finishing and polishing floors, railings. If on a terraced area made of wood it is supposed children's Corner, then it is better to make it from linden or aspen.

Typical arrangement of a wooden terrace

A wooden terrace on the territory of a private household can be arranged in several different ways:

1. In the form of an attached platform to the house;
2. As a remote or detached structure, remote from residential and commercial buildings.

Wood is the most convenient and affordable material among those used in home construction. Therefore, if there is no experience in building terraced buildings, you can start with the simplest options. The first such experience handmade construction can become a deck of pallets.

Wooden terrace - extension to the house

It is possible to build a wooden terrace using standard Euro pallets in one day. All you need is a saw, hammer and nails. The construction technology is very simple and even primitive. You will need to level the area in front of the house, fill it, tamp it down and lay out two rows of pallets closely.

Advice! To prevent the terrace from spreading under the weight of a person, fasten the pallets together with nails or self-tapping screws.

More difficult option a terraced structure made of pallets can be built on a gravel-filled site. In this case, the construction is carried out in two layers. The first layer of pallets is attached to the ground with stakes. As the second, only pallet frames are laid, without the upper crate. Part of the pallets must be disassembled onto a rail, from which the floor of a wooden terrace is stuffed in a checkerboard pattern, photo.

Terraces more complex scheme can be built for a small country house. In this case, the flooring is made in the form of a full-fledged floor, so the basis of the structure will be a wooden box, in the form of log beams, laid on an impromptu foundation made of rubble stone.

A real terraced structure can be built in the form of an attached platform made of wood, raised to the level of the entrance to the house. In this case, one edge of the base of the building is attached to the basement of the building, the opposite side is installed on a pile foundation.

Log beams are laid out on poles or piles tied with timber, and the floor of the site is laid. The overhangs of the roof of the house are used as a mount for a canopy that protects the territory of the wooden site from the sun and rain.

The advantages of such an approach are obvious. Firstly, in this case, a wooden terrace can be built from simple wood, slabs, and even from the remains of a finishing material. Second, the use of the building box as support system allows you to simplify the construction of wood and make it with your own hands much more reliable than remote circuits. Thirdly, the proximity of the house allows you to go out onto the wooden terrace almost barefoot, while using all the benefits of civilization available in the house.

Variants of the remote design of the terrace

The classic arrangement of the terrace involves the construction of a solid foundation of screw piles or blocks, to which the frame of the site is attached from a bar. Such a foundation design justifies the cost if the wooden terrace structure has a large area, several levels, stairs, railings and fencing. Such a terrace made of timber is not built in one day, but the quality of the construction is appropriate.

If the terraced base is built from larch, then it is possible to simplify and reduce the cost of construction by making the foundation supports from a hardwood beam, photo. Cross beams are easily attached to such a base, and strapping is performed. The construction period is reduced to two days, while for concrete supports - at least ten days.

The terrace area can be divided into two levels: a higher level for a table and chairs, and a lower level for children to relax and play. Part of the site can be glazed, part can be left under a canopy or in the open.

Highly raised terraces above ground level are very stylish. Often, instead of standard floorboards, the floor is sewn up with parquet tiles, and the site itself must be equipped with a fence.

A distinctive feature of remote wooden terraces is the use of wide steps instead of standard stairs, along which you can climb to the platform from almost anywhere in the yard.

With the help of a terraced building made of wood, you can completely transform the yard, hide the imperfections of the relief or the difference in the height of the soil.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that a wooden terrace is a relatively simple structure, certain types of buildings require the participation of professional joiners and carpenters. Such works are not cheap, the order for a terraced area is completed within a few days, but the level of quality is an order of magnitude higher than what can be achieved when working with your own hands.

Many owners of private houses, wanting to increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building, seek to attach various structures to it. One of the most common is an open veranda. Consider how a terrace is made of wood - the most affordable building material in our country.

We draw up an extension project

Before you start building a veranda made of wood and any other materials, you should carefully study the project documentation. That will allow you to pre-calculate all necessary materials, decide on the shape of the future structure, avoid possible errors during construction. Even if you do not have the necessary level of drawing or similar tools, we recommend that you make the simplest sketches of a future building with an indication of its dimensions.

Users often search:

During the preparation of the project, you should consider the entire sequence of work, the most optimal methods for its implementation. Similarly, you should decide on the equipment and tools necessary for the construction of the terrace.

Stage one - laying the foundation

After determining the sequence of construction, a do-it-yourself veranda made of wood is built step by step. You need to start from the base of the terrace, which is a tape shallow or columnar foundation.

As a rule, both types are quite widespread when performing self-manufacturing house outbuildings. Consider the features of the data for the future terrace.

Column by Column

Simple and less expensive in terms of materials and physical effort is the columnar foundation of the veranda. It represents several individual supports rectangular section in a horizontal plane. The following materials are used for manufacturing:

• red ceramic brick;
• foundation concrete blocks;
• construction concrete blocks;
• masonry sand-cement mortar.

Before installation, pits of 0.6-1m are dug for future posts. The depth of penetration under the terrace supports depends on the quality of the soil and the mass of the future structure. The bottom of the pits is covered with sand and gravel with intermediate tamping. On top of the backfill under the base of the terrace, a concrete pad is poured for leveling.

The wooden veranda should evenly rest on all the elements of the foundation. To do this, the pillars are brought to a common level in height. For this purpose, partially cut blocks or bricks can be used, as well as various thicknesses of joints. After installing all the supports for the terrace, they must be protected from moisture. In this case, use ready bituminous mastic and roll waterproofing. Similarly, the waterproofing of the heads of the columns under the veranda is carried out.

Tape under the terrace - the pros and cons

For the terrace requires a lot of effort during construction. Main stages:

1. marking the tape along the perimeter of the walls of the terrace;
2. digging a trench to a depth of at least 0.6 meters with a width of about 30 cm;
3. installation of formwork for lifting the tape above the soil level to the beam strapping of the veranda;
4. filling the bottom of the trench with sand and gravel;
5. manufacturing and installation of a reinforcing frame made of steel rods;
6. cooking concrete mortar in sufficient volume, pouring the tape to the upper edge of the formwork;
7. waterproofing of the frozen tape using ready-made compounds;
8. backfilling the trench with soil.

As can be seen from the description of the process, the installation technology strip foundation under a wooden terrace - the process is quite laborious and lengthy, it requires higher qualifications than when installing a columnar base. In case of improper erection or high mobility of the soil, the tape can be torn and bent, which will necessarily affect the entire structure.

Stage two - the construction of the frame of the building

On the finished foundation, the frame of the structure is being installed. A wooden terrace is made quickly, even alone. Required to work construction timber section 150x150 and 100x100 mm. The first beam will fit on bottom harness- the base of the floor of the veranda, the second - on the racks and supports for the railing.

Fitting the bottom trim

We lay a beam with a section of 150x150 on a foundation for a terrace previously lined with roofing material. If the dimensions exceed 6 meters - the standard length of lumber in our country, you will have to splice the strapping elements. Angular and longitudinal connection beam is as follows:

1. Select the most even, not behaving lumber.
2. At the ends, mark the cuts for half the thickness of the timber. The length of the future groove is equal in our case to 150 mm.
3. Saw the timber along the markup using a manual or mechanical tool - a carpenter's saw, circular or chain saw.
4. Connect the parts groove to groove at an angle or along.
5. Strengthen the connection further by driving in 2-3 #150 nails.

In order to avoid possible displacement of the terrace frame relative to the base (this should be considered at the stage of foundation construction), several pieces of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 8 or 10 mm and a free end length of 200-250 mm are left in the upper part of the pillars or tape. Before laying the strapping, holes are drilled at the exit points of the steel rods larger diameter, and the beam is laid on the pins, which are then bent flush.

After completing the timber strapping of the terrace floor along the perimeter, lay several transverse bars of the same section in the same way, installing them in pre-marked and sawn grooves in increments of about 1 meter, fastening them with long nails.

We install racks

To support the roof of a wooden veranda, it is necessary to install outside corners and along the long side, parallel to the wall of the house, several vertical bars. The length of which is chosen in such a way that the height of the terrace roof from the floor is at least 2 meters, and the slope of the roof from the main building is observed.

Scheme of connection of strapping and racks

If the terrace strapping beam is allowed not to be planed, then the racks must be pre-planed with an electric planer. This will give them a more aesthetic appearance and simplify further finishing and processing of the veranda. Fasten the racks to the strapping with self-tapping screws using reinforced steel corners. In the upper part, the ends of the beam are attached to the terrace strapping, which is a frame element that serves to increase the strength of the veranda structure.

The top harness is best made from planed timber 100x100. Assembly is carried out on the ground in detail, after which it is installed on the ends of the racks and attached to them. In this case, it is necessary to make sure that the vertical parts are perpendicular in two planes. To do this, use a plumb line or building level.

Stage three - installation of the terrace floor

The step-by-step process of installing a wooden terrace continues with the manufacture of the extension floor. Special attention should be given correct selection material, these are operating conditions associated with constant exposure to moisture and sudden temperature changes.

A standard pine or spruce floorboard is the worst you can get for a veranda. If you decide to use it, you must definitely treat the lumber twice with antiseptic compounds that protect the tree from decay and damage by various microorganisms. Pay special attention to the processing of boards from the end.

The best choice for a veranda floor is a larch floorboard. Its advantages:

• resistant to moisture and damage by fungi, mold, insects;
• has a beautiful wood structure;
• lends itself well to additional processing with protective and decorative compositions.

Instead of larch for outdoor terraces, artificial flooring material - decking is often used.

For increase decorative properties of the entire product as a whole, flooring can be laid not only traditionally along one of the sides of the terrace, but also at an angle to them. With this method, the expense of the floorboard on the veranda will be increased by 20 percent, but it's worth it. It is also carried out diagonally from the center, which requires precise angular cuts that can be made on a miter circular saw.

Stage 4 - installation of the roof

Protect visitors to the veranda and flooring a quality roof will help from rain and solar heat. Its frame is made of wood, using a vertical strapping of the terrace and a horizontal beam-base, fixed on the wall of the house. When erecting the roof of the veranda, it is necessary to provide for a slope to in relation to the horizon of at least 15-20 ° in order to avoid the accumulation of large masses of snow.

As roofing materials for terraces are used as traditional metal sheets or soft roof, and less common glass or colored cellular polycarbonate. Thanks to the use of the latter, the roof of the veranda can have a radius rounding or a domed shape. Of course, this will require the manufacture of a more complex truss system, but will give appearance terraces of originality.

Stage 5 - installation of railings, finishing

Wooden railings will help limit the interior space of the veranda and protect visitors from falling. They are made from profiled metal or planed timber. Balusters will add zest to the exterior interior.

After completing the installation of the fence, the wood should be treated with stains, mordants or paints on oil based, in other words, protect and prepare for operation.

In this article, we examined the issue of building a veranda, as it turned out, this is not at all difficult. The main thing is to follow the recommendations and step by step algorithm.

The simplest structure around country house or at the dacha of additional landscaped space - minimum work, and maximum pleasure. This is a veranda, patio, covered barbecue area or outdoor terrace. Here, in any weather, you can enjoy lunch and dinner outdoors with your family or with welcome guests. Or, in the afternoon, chat online with friends, inhaling the aromas of a flowering garden over a cup of mint tea with a berry pie. But it is better to read a book in solitude during the midday heat or in rainy weather and indulge in pleasant memories and dreams under the measured rocking of a sofa swing. But you never know what you can do in the most pleasant part of the garden - at the junction of wildlife and urban amenities with garden furniture and sofa cushions?!

Terrace format selection

No matter how beautiful new house out of town, without garden paths, flowerbeds, porches and thoughtful outdoor terrace it looks unfinished. Yes, and in the summer, no matter how comfortable it is in the house, I want to take out an armchair and a table to eat outdoors with the whole family. And it is better when the rain does not drip behind the neck, and the sun does not blind. Veranda and terrace, covered barbecue area, pergola, patio and covered gallery, shady arcade with vines or bushes climbing rose... All these are close concepts, although each building has its own characteristics. But we will not go into details and differences, although it is worth telling more about the open terraces, photo:

1. Open summer terrace- the simplest building in the form of a canopy on one side of the house, used in the warm season. At the base it has a landscaped area, and can be with or without a fence, on a foundation or paved with paving slabs, with piers between the bases for floors or decorative ornaments carved or forged.

2. A closed country terrace is used all year round, therefore it involves a wall and insulation. Usually this is a more solid building with waterproofing and a foundation, which should be built according to the project, preferably simultaneously with the construction of the house. It is more like a lightweight extension at the entrance to the house, that is, there is another opportunity to increase living space. A medium-sized room involves heating and lighting, air conditioning and ventilation, as well as stationary furniture that is not taken out into the garden. Often there is a winter garden or early seedlings are germinated, and if full heating is provided, then the family rests there in the winter. Such a structure is also an additional thermal buffer between the house and the external environment in cold climates.

3. Another variety is a universal open terrace to the house, for example, with frameless glazing, which is maximally open in summer and closed and insulated in the cold season. Sometimes it is advisable to install ready-made double-glazed windows and doors in ready-made window openings or niches for the winter, which are removed in the summer. The enclosed space is heated for the duration of the visit by the owners of the dacha with efficient electric heaters, and if not needed, heating is not used. This is convenient when a suburban household is visited periodically, and general heating Designed only for the residential part of the house. Such a terrace is designed initially according to the needs of the owners, so that seasonal transformations are possible.

Attention: It makes no sense to plan the costly construction of an insulated covered terrace if the cottage is used only in the summer season. If this Vacation home or a cottage where it is not supposed to live all year round, a simple canopy or open terrace is enough. And when visiting a private household every weekend, it is better to use the 3rd option.

Tip: It is not necessary that an open terrace in the country house be built right next to one of the walls. It can be a landscaped area between two auxiliary buildings, for example, a bathhouse and a garage, where grapes are used instead of a roof.

One wall of a staging area with a full roof without climbers is best made of a translucent material to limit drafts. Or you can build an open terrace near the barbecue in a remote part of the garden, where it is convenient to relax with your family in the evenings.

If you have already understood what type of terrace you need, then it is important to decide on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bbuilding. Do not make it too big if there is not enough space in the yard or on the site. In addition, it will require a lot of building materials, even if it is the simplest foundation and planed boards. An example is an open terrace to the house, photo:

A terrace or a veranda is a patio decoration, so it makes no sense to save on construction, thanks to waste materials at hand and the use of low-quality “humped” wood. It is better to soundly make a small platform without a foundation, in the form of a simplified design, and then decorate it with carved half-walls or neat wooden sides.

Tip: Any construction is done once and for a long time, therefore, with a lack of high-quality building materials, it is better to carry out part of the work in stages, and when new funds arrive, complete the spectacular building. For example, an open terrace in the country, photo:

If an open extension is made near a large house on a grand scale, then it is important to take into account the style and overall landscape design of the site. Everything should be in harmony with the appearance of the estate. It makes no sense to "zababahat" a terrace more luxurious than a small country house, although the modest porch of a luxurious house also looks somehow "scanty". A single architectural ensemble creates a magnificent impression.

You can also make a patio with a pool, which is different from the terrace - it is more tied to the house and raised above ground level. Sometimes an open terrace is a modified or extended porch that includes steps and railings. And the ennobled area in the courtyard of the house is sometimes zoned with a hedge, laid out with paving slabs and a crate is made instead of a roof under climbing plants- Same the simplest option for garden furniture.

Tip: Until your site has a full roof during the construction process, use an awning or beach umbrella using the unfinished terrace for its intended purpose.

Is it possible to make an open terrace on your own?

There is nothing easier than the construction of the simplest suburban buildings, such as outdoor terraces with their own hands. Main stages of work:

• allocate space for a construction site for a terrace;
• draw a rough sketch or draft a structure with dimensions;
• remove all objects, debris and vegetation residues;
• make markup according to the project or drawing;
• we prepare a place for the foundation and make it;
• we lay beams and logs under the flooring;
• along the perimeter of the foundation we strengthen the bearing supports of the structure;
• we make the basis for the roof or visor;
• lay out piers between the supports;
• we complete the trim or sheathing, leaving room for window openings if it is a warmed version;
• we complete the construction of the roof in accordance with the general plan;
• engaged in interior decoration and arrangement.

Tip: Whichever version of the proposed illustrations you like, it is important to adjust it to suit your conditions. The construction of the terrace should be functional and practical, adapted to your site and home, and also take into account the lifestyle of the owners and the seasonality of the use of the building.

We will discuss the choice of a place for the construction of a terrace and its shape

The best place for an open terrace is to combine the functions of a porch or veranda, that is, at the entrance to the house. Sometimes a large country house is supposed to have 2-3 doorways, then it is most convenient to make an exit from the kitchen or hallway leading to the living room. It happens that there is nowhere to make a terrace below, since everything has already been paved up to the garage. As an option - an open terrace on the second floor, like a vast balcony with a canopy. This is convenient to do if the living room is located in the same place, next to the bedrooms.

Most often, the construction of an open terrace is done instead of a porch, and this is reasonable, especially at the main entrance. Even if there is no separate exit under covered canopy, acting as a terrace, it can be made from the side of the kitchen so that food and drinks can be served through the window. Then it is desirable that the window has wide window sill on both sides, like a tabletop.

Attention: In winter, snow will fall on the terrace and roll off the roof, so a light tarpaulin awning or a weak structure may not withstand the load!

When a landscaped area in a small courtyard is built arbitrarily, without reference to windows and doors, they always take into account:

• in which climate zone country house;
• where and how does it fall sunlight to shade;
• are there drafts and strong winds to close the wall;
• whether there are prolonged heavy rains in the summer;
• is there enough lighting or a lot of shade from garden vegetation;
• is it possible to organize artificial lighting in the evening, especially if the family sits up for a long time at dinner in the evenings.

Tip: In a cold climate, a terrace is built on the south side of the dacha, and in a hot climate, at the north wall. Additional shade is created by climbing plants. If there is little light, then the roof or visor is made transparent - glass, polycarbonate, plexiglass.

It is also important what kind of view will open from the terrace, because you want the garden ensemble to please the eye. If there is a need to hide the family from prying eyes, then it is better to relax in the patio. For those who want to impress the neighbors landscape design and the beauty of home ownership, you can make an open terrace at the entrance to the courtyard. When no one can see anything behind a high fence, except for periodically invited guests, the location of the equipped site is not important, it would be convenient for the owners.

The shape of the terrace does not have to be rectangular; a semicircular platform looks original or in the form of a polyhedron. However, such an arrangement of an open terrace will require much more building materials, the amount of lumber waste will increase, and there is a need for additional finishing. The same can be said about the configuration of the roof. And don't forget the roof drain!

Do you need a terrace project?

Before making an open terrace in the country, they usually make a project. It could be simple drawing or a sketch indicating all dimensions for the simplest design canopy against the wall. If it is a holistic architectural ensemble country estate, then the design should be done by a specialist.

Everyone knows that any quality work begins with a well-thought-out plan and cost estimates, down to the smallest detail. Then a common foundation is made for the house and the terrace, the structure can be combined under a common roof.

If the terrace is built later, it is still preferable to finish it with common roofing materials. At the same time, it is important how it will be “sewn” to the main structure through reinforcement, and sometimes it is made as an autonomous covered structure. Careful study of all details during the design reduces construction time and minimizes unaccounted for factors that have to be eliminated along the way.

A light covered terrace is not a permanent structure, so it can be without a foundation and tied to a house. All these points are important to take into account in the project, which makes it easier to calculate construction costs. And the more competently it is compiled, the clearer the stages of the construction of a covered area and the consumption of materials.

If the project is made by an architect, he takes into account:

• soil features;
• climatic conditions;
• precipitation intensity;
• foundation load;
• dimensions and overall dimensions;
• type of supporting structure;
• roof configuration and slope angle;
• terrace glazing type;
• ladder structure;
• decorative trim.

Building materials for outdoor structures are selected resistant to moisture and fire. It is better to take wood with antiseptic impregnation and fungicides, with fire-fighting treatment. It is an ideal material for the construction of structural supports, its finishing and floor arrangement. Brick for piers is used light (hollow inside).

It is undesirable to make thick walls in order to minimize the shrinkage of the building. Lungs foam concrete blocks ideal for warmed "winter" terraces. You can also use composite materials and homemade adobe bricks, if appropriate for the design of the country house. Waterproofing is required between foundation, concrete structure and flooring.

Any terrace project should be as economical and thoughtful as possible, taking into account the proposed furniture and free space. If there are only a sofa swing and a couple of chairs at a folding table or console, then 2-3 meters wide will be enough. In the case when a whole set of upholstered rattan garden furniture with soft pillows, a full-fledged table and chairs for 6 (or more) persons, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe covered building can be increased to 5-6 meters from the wall of the house.

When choosing material for an open terrace, it is important to know that a full-fledged roof is not always justified. In the garden, climbing plants, grapes or flowers will successfully replace it, but it is important to decide:

• what type of green spaces is preferable;
• how often they will be planted;
• on which side of the terrace is it more comfortable for them to develop;
• how watering and fertilizing will be organized;
• whether harvesting is convenient if it is fruit plants.

Attention: Honey plants and strongly smelling plants should not be used. This will attract insects - bees, wasps and flies - to the landscaped outdoor dining area. It is worth considering how to scare them away.

Advice: Right choice materials and competent design - a guarantee of quickly completed work. As a rule, it is proposed to take on the construction of such structures for those who have elementary building skills, tools and practice in working with wood. If certain steps are difficult, such as laying the foundation or roofing, it is better to entrust this to specialists.

Final stage:

• outdoor and interior decoration terraces;
• landscaping and furnishing with garden furniture.

At a very modest dacha, you should not order an expensive project, which is usually entrusted to specialists. Here you can limit yourself to 2-4 pillars to support floors under awning canopy or a polycarbonate visor. For such an accomplishment, it is enough to lay out the floors of the terrace with pebbles or tiles, decorate with plants in pots, adding hanging planters with flowers. Against the wall, you can make a sofa bench with handrails in the form of a small table - this is the simplest version of an open structure in the form of a veranda or terrace.

We build a terrace in the country (video) - we warm country house and attach a terrace to it.