Arched roof. How to make a round roof - options for domed and conical roofs

Design and advantages of arched roofs
Types of support frames
Roof coverings for arched roofs
How to install an arched polycarbonate roof

In private housing construction today, a variety of technical solutions are used, from traditional to very non-standard ones. The ability to create almost any design and use the entire range of modern building materials present on the market has become the reason for the proliferation of atypical and bold solutions.

All of the above fully applies to arched roofs - rather unusual and original designs, which, despite all the apparent complexity, are arranged without any problems. How to make an arched roof will be discussed in this article.

The arched roof is an bent structure, having the shape of an arc. Such roofs are used in residential buildings, at industrial facilities and administrative buildings for protection from external factors. Until recently, the scope of use of arched roofs was limited to specialized buildings - swimming pools, greenhouses, etc.

Now arched structures are successfully used in a variety of situations, which is largely due to a number of inherent advantages, including:

1. Original visual characteristics.

   Arched roof - design features and installation technology

   Arched roofs are rare, so a residential building with such a design automatically becomes original and stands out from more traditional ones. pitched roofs.

2. Good wind resistance. The curved shape provides arched roofs with good aerodynamics, thanks to which the structure is ultimately protected from failure of the coating.
3. Light snow load. Snow simply does not stay on a curved arched roof, so all supporting elements experience significantly less load than in other types of structures.
4. Expansion of free space under the roof. The arched roof structure makes the interior space more spacious from a visual point of view.

In addition, it is worth noting the versatility of arched structures - if necessary, they can be used in any architectural styles, from quite archaic to quite modern.

Types of support frames

The most important element of any roofing structure is its frame. Arched roofs are no exception - properly assembled support system supports all other structural elements and ensures its reliability.

There are the following types of support frames used for arranging arched roofs:

1. Wooden.

   An arched wooden roof is one of the cheapest and simple designs. The only drawback of wooden support frames is their weak load-bearing capacity, so they are not suitable for roofs with a large area.

2. Steel. From square steel pipes you can make a very strong and reliable frame for an arched roof. Unlike the previous option, the metal support has high mechanical strength, but at the same time it has a large dead weight, so it will require a strong foundation and walls.
3. Aluminum. The aluminum frame combines all the advantages of wooden and steel structures– it is durable, lightweight, easy to install and has excellent corrosion resistance. The disadvantage in this case is the very high cost.
4. Reinforced concrete. The supporting reinforced concrete frame is good in everything, but it is advisable to use it only when installing large industrial or commercial buildings.
5. Frameless. The arched roof can be mounted on a special self-supporting frame that does not require additional supports.

In order for an arched roof to be reliable, you need to approach the choice of frame and its arrangement with all responsibility. When designing a structure, it is imperative to calculate the power of the support system.

Roof coverings for arched roofs

The materials used for roofing arched roofs have several specific requirements - in particular, the material must bend well and retain its shape.

Most often, arched structures are equipped using the following roofing coverings:

1. Sheet steel. In order to simply cover an arched roof, they are quite suitable metal sheets– they are inexpensive and can be installed without any difficulties.
2. Corrugated sheet. Unlike steel sheets, corrugated sheets, despite their low weight, have good load-bearing capacity. To install an arched roof, a special corrugated sheet is required, which has a fixed bending radius - that is, it will not be possible to make a roof with an arbitrary amount of bending.
3. Cellular polycarbonate. Quite suitable material for the arched roof is cellular polycarbonate - it is quite durable and has minimal weight. An important advantage Compared to its analogues, polycarbonate is able to transmit light, which allows the use of natural lighting in the building.

The possibility of arranging and parameters of an arched roof is closely related to roofing covering. To create a structure with a large bend, polycarbonate is best suited - it has better flexibility and is easy to install.

How to install an arched polycarbonate roof

Considering that cellular polycarbonate is the most popular and most suitable material for an arched roof, its example is worth considering its installation.

The arched roof assembly algorithm is as follows:

• First of all, it is necessary to calculate the load-bearing capacity of the frame and the installation step of structural elements;
• In accordance with calculations and drawings, a frame is mounted, during assembly of which you need to pay attention Special attention the same degree of bending of each arc;
• The frame elements are fixed on the top frame of the building every meter and a half;
• You need to start installation from the first and last arc so that you can align the remaining elements with respect to those already installed;
• Next, polycarbonate is attached to the arches using special strips;
• To protect cellular polycarbonate from moisture and dirt, it is necessary to install an end profile.

Polycarbonate sheets must be mounted in such a way that their profile is parallel to the bends of the frame - this is necessary to protect the material from moisture accumulation.

Conclusion

An arched roof is a rather original and interesting design that can be successfully used as a functional or decorative element of a building. If the work on arranging the roof was carried out correctly, then the finished structure will not be inferior in reliability to more traditional pitched analogues.

Corrugated sheeting is an excellent building material for various purposes. Its use as various load-bearing, fencing and decorative elements in many cases it is the most rational in terms of operational and economic characteristics.

Durable, attractive appearance, durability, ease of installation and affordable price - each of the factors attracts. Difficulties arise only in cases where the corrugated sheet needs to be secured not to flat surface, but on a base that has an arcuate (arched) shape or pronounced reliefs (one or more corners). In this case, a logical question is asked: is it possible to bend corrugated sheets?

Features of corrugated sheets and types of bending

In order to understand whether the process of bending finished corrugated sheets is realistic and how best to choose the technology for this process, you need to understand what corrugated board is and how it is produced. The basis for the popular building material is thin sheet steel (supplied in rolls) - a fraction of a millimeter thick with a pre-applied continuous layer of polymer coating. When processed on special equipment, the workpiece is given a certain surface shape (wave).

The resulting profile may differ both in configuration and size (width and height). Its features (in combination with the thickness of the sheet) divide all profiled sheets into three large groups: wall, universal and load-bearing. The main difference between the sheets is their strength characteristics, which are greater the more solid the wave “relief” is.

Depending on the purposes, there are several types of bending of corrugated sheets according to geometric orientation:

• longitudinal - parallel to the direction of the main “lines” of the corrugated sheet;
• transverse - parallel to the wave contour;
• oblique - at a certain angle to the main zones (difficult to implement and in practice used extremely rarely and only in small areas).

Features of bending processes

Naturally, what thinner metal, the easier it is to bend it. Longitudinal bending is mainly carried out in places where “local” bending of a small part of the sheet is necessary - for example, when turning a fence 90 degrees or at another angle. In such cases, it is recommended to select the bend zone at the bottom of the wave (at the point of close contact with the base).

Transverse bending is more difficult in that during the process it will be necessary to deform (“break”) the strength “framework” of the wave.

Building an arched roof with your own hands

In this case, the process of bending along metal layers is accompanied by expansion in one zone and narrowing in the opposite part. This inevitably leads to uneven deformations, crushing or other damage to the wave. In other words, when transverse bending corrugated sheeting often loses its “marketable” appearance and the integrity of the protective coating is compromised.

A type of transverse bending can be called giving an “arched” shape. Due to lack sharp corners such an operation is less “traumatic” and, with the correct calculation of the bending radius, allows you to obtain an even and durable bent structure. However, experts advise abandoning homemade “arches” in favor of industrially manufactured “bent” corrugated sheets.

Tool for bending corrugated sheets

The simplest tool for bending corrugated sheets is a regular hammer. Having outlined the fold line and laid the “base” under it, with light (minimally traumatic) efforts - preferably through a wooden nozzle - the sheet is gradually bent to the desired angle. This procedure is quite simple for longitudinal bending and in most cases leads to defects in the transverse view.

In the latter case, it is recommended to use special (homemade or factory) with various types drive and action - from manual, with a simple mechanical principle to advanced hydraulic. Regardless of the design, the essence of the method is to fix one part with a gradual smooth bending of the other under the right angle or with the desired radius.

How to cover a roof with corrugated sheets with your own hands

If your home requires a roof that has an attractive and sophisticated look at a relatively low cost, a roof made of corrugated sheets - cold-rolled galvanized steel sheet coated with colored polymer materials - is what you need.

Advantages of profiled steel sheet:

• excellent performance qualities: resistance to atmospheric factors, solar radiation, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance,
• short specific gravity(from 5.5 to 9.5 kg/m2), therefore low load on rafter systems and sheathing,
• roofing material can be selected according to texture and color to match the design of the building,
• relatively low price with high aesthetic qualities.

Which corrugated sheeting is suitable for the roof

Any brand of corrugated sheeting (universal, load-bearing or wall) is suitable for roofing, but for laying thin wall material An almost continuous sheathing will be required. For regular lathing with a pitch of 65–100 cm, it is preferable to use a stronger and more rigid profiled sheet. The most commonly used material is with the following indicators:

• grade N or NS (load-bearing and universal),
• corrugated sheet thickness from 0.5 to 0.7 mm (strong and light at the same time),
• corrugation height 20–75 mm (provides the possibility of elastic deformation of the roof),
• the presence of a capillary drainage groove,
• coating color that matches the existing or planned exterior of the house.

The price of corrugated sheeting depends on several indicators of the material.

What you need to cover a roof with corrugated sheets yourself

A simple pitched or gable roof country house, summer kitchen or it won’t be possible to cover the garage yourself a lot of work with one or two assistants and some skills in working with a screwdriver and jigsaw.

A broken gable roof of a house with an attic will also be suitable for independent work. Will help with this.

If the roof frame is of a more complex configuration, you should invite experienced specialists to cover the roof with corrugated sheeting. The price of the work will depend on the complexity of the roof and the area of ​​the slopes.

How much material will be needed?

Calculate the amount of material for a single or double slope pitched roof, knowing the size of the slopes, it will not be difficult. If the length of the slope is 12 m or less, you need to divide the width of the slope by the width of the material, and increase the resulting number of sheets by 15%.

For more complex roofs, you can calculate corrugated roofing sheets online using special programs. The programs allow you not only to determine the amount of material as accurately as possible, but also calculate the slope of the roof, the dimensions of the overlap, and determine best option location and fastening of corrugated sheets.

Tools and fastening materials for work

To work you will need measuring and cutting tools, fastening materials:

Features of laying roofing from corrugated sheets

It’s best to do the work with four people, it will work out much faster. Two people can also handle it, but working alone with long sheets of corrugated sheets is very difficult.

• The minimum roof slope angle is 10 degrees. With a smaller slope angle, water can get under the material.
• The standard length of the profiled sheet is 12 m. If the length of the slope is shorter or longer, the sheets will have to be cut.
• To protect the corrugated sheet from corrosion, waterproofing and vapor barrier should be done along the sheathing.

Installation of sheathing under profiled sheets

An important step in installing a roof made of corrugated sheets is the organization of hydro- and vapor barriers to protect the metal from corrosion when water vapor enters.

They do this in two ways:

• laying a vapor barrier on the rafters under the sheathing and waterproofing (roofing felt) on top of the sheathing under the corrugated sheeting;
• organizing a ventilated roof, creating a ventilated space between the waterproofing layer and the roofing material. To do this, along the rafter legs, false rafters from bars are installed along the waterproofing, lathing is made on them, you get a layer cake: rafters, waterproofing, false rafters, sheathing, corrugated sheet.

Important! All elements of the sheathing must be impregnated on all sides with an antiseptic composition for wood. This will extend the life of the roof.

The sheathing boards are laid in increments of 0.5–1.0 m, attaching them to the rafters with nails or self-tapping screws. The thicker and more durable the corrugated sheeting is used, the greater the distance between the sheathing boards. So, for example, for profiled sheets of grade CH35, the lathing pitch is 0.5–0.6 m, for CH44 - 0.65–0.75 m. A distance of more than 1 m between the boards should not be made.

Having made the sheathing, you need to check the diagonals of the slope and align the slope along the verticals, horizontals, and diagonals. This will greatly facilitate the work of laying corrugated board on the sheathing.

The procedure for laying corrugated sheets with your own hands

• Corrugated sheets are laid from bottom to top, starting along the slope from the end of the building, from left to right or from right to left - it all depends on which side of the sheet the manufacturer made the capillary groove. When laying the material, the groove should be closed by the wave of the next sheet.
• The size of the overlap of corrugated sheets horizontally and vertically depends on the angle of the roof slope. For small values ​​of the angle of inclination of the slope, the sheets are laid with an overlap in two waves vertically, for high values ​​- in one or half a wave.
• The horizontal overlap of the slope is at least 10 cm. The first row is laid with an overhang of 30–50 cm above the overhang (the distance depends on the design drainage system). The joints between the profiled sheets are sealed special tape. The sheet of the second row is laid with an offset along the end by half the width.

How to lift sheets onto the roof

If 2 or more people, lifting the sheets is easy. They are placed on a frame of 5-6 bars in packs of 5-10 pieces and pulled upward along inclined boards attached to the sheathing.

To prevent the sheets from rolling down, one or two bars are nailed to the sheathing from below and a pack of covering sheets is placed. It’s much more convenient to work this way than to feed one at a time, although this method is also used.

How to attach corrugated sheets to the roof correctly

The sheets are secured to the sheathing with self-tapping screws, washers and sealing gaskets.

Arched roofing: an impressive and practical solution for a modern home

Their number is no more than 6–10 pieces per 1 sq.m. flooring On the slope, screws are screwed into the lower ones, and on the ridge - into the upper waves of the sheet.

If the material is thin, the screws are simply screwed in with a screwdriver; they easily pass through without damaging the coating. On thick steel sheets in the places where they are attached to the sheathing, it is advisable to make preliminary markings and drill holes for self-tapping screws with a drill.

Important! It is necessary to accurately align and correctly install the very first sheet; the quality of the entire work will depend on it.

The first sheet is first secured in the middle with one screw and the overhang from the eaves and the vertical position of the sheathing are carefully aligned. After this, it is secured with a second screw.

The material is attached to the upper and lower boards of the sheathing by screwing self-tapping screws into each deflection of the wave, into the central boards - through the deflection.

The second highest row is placed with the sheets shifted to the right or left by half the width. Cut the profiled sheet with an electric saw, a hacksaw or a jigsaw with a metal file. They do it on the ground.

Attention! You cannot cut profiled sheets with a grinder. This will destroy the polymer coating. For cutting, use metal scissors, and paint over the sections.

Horizontal joints are also sealed with tape. Overlapping screws are screwed into each recess of the wave. The rubber sealing washer should protrude 1-2 mm around the perimeter of the screw head, this indicates that it is not pinched or loose.

Installing a ridge on corrugated sheets

Ridge additional elements for corrugated roofing are produced

• simple in the form of a sheet bent at an angle with a shelf width of up to 30 cm,
• with a semicircular edge,
• with a U-shaped edge and shelves of the same dimensions.

To install a ridge on a roof made of corrugated sheets, the last row of sheets should be aligned at the top along the end and laid in the same horizontal plane. The installation procedure is as follows:

• a tape or strip of ridge seal is placed on the edge of the last row of sheets,
• bars are fixed parallel to the ridge axis,
• The ridge elements are screwed to the bars with self-tapping screws into the upper corrugation every 20–30 cm, starting from the side where the wind most often blows,
• the ends of the semicircular ridge are closed with special plugs,
• The U-shaped ridge is attached to a block, which is specially installed under it on the roof ridge.

A roof made of corrugated sheets will delight you with its beauty and evoke a feeling of pride in the excellent work done with your own hands. The money saved on this can be spent on making an original weather vane that will decorate the house.

The domed roof is becoming more and more common on modern houses. Round roofs are not uncommon in private suburban construction. At the same time, conventionally, all round-shaped roofs are divided into geodesic, arched and cone type. Each of these types has its own advantages and differs from the other type in installation technology.

General advantages of a dome roof:

• Provides maximum space in the attic or attic space;

• The ability to make any number of windows on the roof plane, which allows maximum use of natural light;

• The round shape prevents the accumulation of snow on the roof surface in winter;

• The sphere of the dome, in contrast to the pitched roof, has greater strength, with its comparatively lower weight;

• Opportunity to obtain an overall unique exterior design country house.

Geodesic dome roof

The geodesic dome roof project was first developed by the American architect R.B. Fuller in 1951. Manufacturing the roof according to his design allows us to obtain a dome with the most correct spherical shape.

Technology for constructing a geodesic dome roof

The roof structure absolutely lacks rafters and vertical supports for them, which are usual for pitched roofs. The roof frame consists of interconnected triangular elements assembled from timber with a section of 100x50 mm and a length of 100-120 cm. As a rule, after making the ceiling of the first floor, along the entire perimeter of the walls round house a mauerlat is mounted - a beam with a cross-section of 100x100 or 50x100 mm, fixed horizontally using anchors or studs pre-released from a monolithic slab with a 12 mm thread. In the design of a conventional gable roof, the mauerlat is a single solid beam on which the lower sections of the rafters rest. In the design of a geodesic dome roof, the mauerlat is made from small pieces of timber equal to the side of the future triangles in the structure.

After installing the Mauerlat along its entire circumferential length in increments of 100-120 cm, L-shaped metal plates are secured with self-tapping screws, in which holes are pre-made for attaching the ribs of a conventional triangle. Having secured the edges of the triangle to the plates, at the vertex of the conditional triangle, its edges are connected using connectors.

Thus, having secured the first row of triangles along the entire length of the Mauerlat, a beam is tied between their upper bases, thus forming inverted triangles. At the next stage, the ribs of the second row of triangles are mounted to the remaining two empty blades of the connectors. IN technical design the roof lacks a ridge or any definite top. The joining of the last upper triangles is carried out similarly to the previous connection method, that is, connectors. When the dome frame is fully assembled, to strengthen the spans of the triangles, additional sheathing is mounted on their plane, on top of which triangular-shaped sheets of plinth are mounted, followed by installation of bitumen shingles.

Construction using the technology described above is used not only in the construction of roofs. In some European countries, entirely geodesic domed houses are built in this way. Distinctive feature of these buildings is that they completely lack façade walls. That is, after making the foundation, they immediately begin installing the domed roof.

Geodesic Dome Roof Design

Unlike a gable roof, a domed roof cannot be designed on a regular sheet of Whatman paper in 2D. To design the entire structure you will need computer programs, allowing modeling in 3D - three-dimensional modeling. Or special calculators. You can use the calculator on our website, presented on the page: .

Supplies Unlike a pitched roof, a domed roof will require significantly less. On average, the consumption of materials is lower by a third in comparison with a gable roof. When designing, you will need to calculate the exact number of timber blanks for the ribs and bases of the triangles, the number of mounting connectors and the total footage of the sheathing material.

Arched dome roof

The design of an arched roof is more similar to the design of a pitched roof. The design already contains full-fledged cuts, however, their shape initially resembles an arc.

Rafters for arched roofs are used in three types:

• Factory-made from laminated veneer lumber;
• Prefabricated timber, made independently;
• Factory-produced metal trusses.

The most expensive are rafters made of laminated veneer lumber. During their production, thin edged board saturate with moisture and place it in special spacers that set the bending of the board. Next, the board is artificially dried using a steam hood. After that from dry curved board glued laminated timber is assembled, the shape of which will be deliberately curved to a certain radius. During the installation process, the lower ends of the arched rafters are secured to the base of the Mauerlat, and the upper ends of the arched rafters are connected together by means of a small round wooden ring, using clamps or pins.

It is cheaper to manufacture arched rafters yourself or with the participation of specialists directly at the construction site. To assemble them, wooden beam blanks 60-100 cm long with a cross-section of 40x100 or 50x100 mm are used. Initially, a drawing is made on paper and the first rafter is assembled, which is later used as a sample. To fasten wooden beam blanks together, perforated metal plates and, in some cases, metal knitting needles that further strengthen the fastening are used.

If the area of ​​the overlapped span exceeds 5 m, then instead of wooden arched rafters, use metal trusses. Depending on the choice of external roofing material and the presence of thermal insulation, the weight of a dome roof can vary significantly. For this reason, various rolled metal products are used to manufacture semicircular metal trusses. For example, used as a round or square pipe, and structures assembled from channel bars.

You can read more about the different types of rafters for such a roof in a special article:.

Conical dome roof

A conical domed roof can be made either over the entire area of ​​a country house, provided that its perimeter is round, or as part of a gable roof. The conical roof design uses only straight rafters. They are mainly used as wooden beam with a section of 50x100 or 40x150 mm.

The work begins with drawing up a project and there is such a nuance here. Despite the fact that the roof is conical, it is, first of all, dome-shaped, that is, it does not have a beginning, ridge, pediment and other elements inherent in gable roofs. All this allows practically no snow to accumulate in the winter. This is where the catch lies for those who don’t know. Having decided that the load on the roof will be insignificant, its height is made small. The thing is that the design of the stops and spacers for the rafters directly depends on the height of the peak - the highest point under the roof. Let's consider two options.

The case when the attic space will not be used

If the attic is not planned to be used, then there is no point in having a high roof cone. The minimum permissible slope of the rafters should not be less than 15 cm per 1 linear meter. The lower ends of the rafters are mounted to the mauerlat with an outlet for further sheathing of the overhang. The upper ends of the rafters are connected to each other using knitting needles or self-tapping screws. However, given that the slope of the roof is insignificant, in order to prevent the rafters from sagging over time under the weight of the entire structure, vertical stops are installed approximately in the middle of their length. The bottom of the vertical stop is mounted to the ceiling beam or simply rests on a metal paw, in the case of a monolithic floor.

The case when you plan to use the attic space

In this case, the lower ends of the rafters are secured in the same way to the Mauerlat with an external outlet. However, the slope angle of the rafters in relation to the Mauerlat can be 70-75°. In the upper part, the rafters are connected to each other with long self-tapping screws, and after that, a sheathing board is placed around the entire roof along the rafters, followed by roofing decking.

As can be seen from the second example, if the slope of the rafters is set too high, then the main load will no longer fall on the middle of the rafters, but on their highest connection point. That is, the installation of supports is no longer required here. However, to prevent the upper connection point of all rafters from “walking,” their pairs are connected to each other with a spacer jumper made of 50x100 mm timber. For example, the design uses only 12 rafters, therefore, there are only 6 pairs - this is every two opposite rafters.

On what houses and foundations is it possible to build domed roofs?

The main condition for a domed roof is the correct geometry of the building. That is, Vacation home either initially has a round shape along the perimeter, or its perimeter has correct form square.

If the perimeter of a country house has the shape of a parallelepiped, then it is difficult to build a domed roof, but for example, a semicircular roof that is not much inferior is quite possible.

In cases where the perimeter of the load-bearing walls of a country house has irregular shape or during construction, changes were made to the project, for example, additional rooms were added, then the only solution remains a combined roof, which may include both elements of a pitched roof and elements of a domed roof.

As for the base, a domed roof can be made on almost any wall. The fact is that it is necessary to take into account the load produced by the roof on load-bearing walls. For example, if a house is built according to frame technology, then it will not be possible to make a domed roof that uses metal rafters or reinforced concrete beams. The walls will not withstand such a load. On frame walls It is optimal to make a roof based on wooden rafters. If the walls of a country house are made of brick, shell rock or monolithic concrete, then no special restrictions are imposed here.

Although the round roof shape is somewhat unusual for building construction, many examples of rounded structures can be found in modern architecture. In this article we will tell you how to make a round roof various types, and what are the main differences between them.

The round roof, unusual at first glance, attracts attention primarily due to the perfection of its shape, without sharp corners or asymmetry. Often such structures can be found on religious buildings. When constructing private residential buildings, a round roof is made quite rarely. In some cases, it is a constituent element of the structure and gives the architectural structure its individuality. As a rule, such roofs are erected over decorative verandas, gazebos or turrets.

It is worth noting that the rounded shape allows the roof not to be afraid of gusty winds and heavy snowfalls. In addition, the under-roof space can be used as rationally as possible. There are conical, dome and “onion” types of roofs.

Conical roof structure

Typically, a conical roof is installed on polygonal or round buildings. In this case, a layered rafter system is constructed. The ring purlin, on which the rafter legs will subsequently rest, is fixed to the central support beam. Its installation is carried out so that the highest point of the cone is not loaded.

The second supporting element for rafter system the Mauerlat installed along the ring will protrude. It is mounted on the walls of the building. When placing floor beams, it is necessary to take into account that at the location where the central support is installed, they will bear the maximum load.

The ring ridge is fixed on the central support with special braces. Before building a round roof, it is necessary to perform an accurate calculation of all components. In order not to make mistakes in the calculations, it is better to entrust such work to specialists.

During construction rafter frame optimal choice there will be laminated veneer lumber, which is designed for significant external loads. In particular, ceramic tiles, if they are used for roofing, have a large mass - at least 40 kg per 1 m2. Therefore, a reliable rafter system is required for installation. Therefore, supporting elements made of wood must have good strength.

When arranging a conical roof, the rafter legs act as stiffeners. Their number is calculated based on the type of roofing material and its characteristics.

Often, to cover a house with a round roof, not only ceramic tiles are used, but also soft bituminous materials, wooden shingles, and sheet metal. Please note that it is impractical to use profile materials in this case, since too much waste is generated, and the seams between the sheets need to be very carefully sealed. However, the joints may still cause inconvenience in the future, and the appearance of the roof will not be the most attractive.

Construction of a round dome roof

When organizing a domed roof, its round rafter system is made from rafters hanging type, and not layered, as in the previous version. Typically, such a roof is a three-hinged arch made of hanging rafter legs. The lower edge of the arch is connected to the mauerlat beam mounted on the walls. The upper edge of the arch rests on a ring purlin installed in the upper part of the support beam located in the center of the building.

Of course, if you do not know how to make a dome on the roof, and cannot independently complete the rafter frame project, it is better to entrust the calculations to special construction organizations, since such work requires theoretical and practical knowledge of mechanics and strength of materials. At the same time, according to ready-made calculations, you can build a roof in the form of a dome completely independently.

The semicircular domed roof takes its shape due to the presence of a ring sheathing. It is fixed on auxiliary supports, which are connected to the tie rods of the hanging rafter arches.

The American architect R.B. Fuller once proposed another method for constructing a domed roof. His project was called the "Geodesic Dome". The main feature of the design is that it consists of many triangles. Due to very complex calculations and an unusual method of execution, the project was not widely used.

The rafter system for a geodesic dome can be constructed in one of the following ways:

• connector - in this case, the triangles are assembled together directly above the walls of the building using short bars and connector locks;
• connectorless - panels in the shape of triangles are made in advance, and they are assembled into one whole directly at the construction site.

Advantages of a geodesic dome project

1. Although rectangular and round structures are equal in area, the internal volume of the latter is much larger. Thanks to this, significantly more air and light enter the room. In addition, the round design saves up to 30% of material.
2. The rounded shape of the roof reduces heat loss in winter, as well as minimizes heat absorption in summer. Consequently, the cost of heating or cooling the space is reduced by approximately 30%.
3. The small mass of the geodesic dome frame allows you to do without a reinforced foundation under the house.
4. In a building with a round dome-shaped roof, you can arrange any number of windows, up to full glazing of the dome structure. At the same time, there is no need to worry about the strength of the roof - it will retain all its characteristics.
5. The ball-shaped roof allows you to distribute the load as evenly as possible, so it is not afraid of even very heavy winter snowfalls.
6. Thanks to its aerodynamic properties, the dome will not be damaged by a strong gust of wind.
7. A rounded roof transmits significantly less external noise inside the building, that is, it provides sound insulation.
8. To accommodate solar panels and modules, a symmetrical spherical roof fits best.
9. This roof design is simply very beautiful in appearance and looks very original.

How to make an onion-shaped roof

Another option for a round roof that can be found in the construction of buildings is the “onion” roof. As a rule, such structures are planted on Christian churches and temples. This form is not used in private construction - it is too specific. However, for those who are engaged in the reconstruction of religious buildings, for example in remote villages where residents do not have the opportunity to hire specialists from construction companies, it will be useful to become familiar with the technique of creating the frame of such a roof.

Provided that the onion-shaped dome does not exceed 3 m in diameter, the frame for it can be made of wood. Specific rafter legs for a bulbous roof are called cranes. Typically, an inclined type of rafters is used. To give the structure strength and rigidity, braces and struts are used. Such elements are mounted in places that bear the maximum load. Thus, they protect the frame from destruction.

To create “cranes”, special patterns are used, which are applied to a 40 mm thick board. As an option, sometimes two boards with a smaller thickness are used. In the center of the dome structure there is always a central support, against which all the rafters rest.

Before covering the round onion-shaped roof sheet metal, on top of the “cranes” it is necessary to fill the lathing in increments of 30 cm. If the overlap of the onion dome is done using scales, an additional circle will be required under each such element. Therefore, the latter method requires maximum labor and time costs.

Domes Orthodox churches during restoration they are often covered with an aspen ploughshare. In this case, each element is bent in such a way as to exactly repeat the shape of the onion. The material should be laid in such a way that no water leaks between the seams.

For those cases when the dome structure exceeds 3 m in diameter, the frame for it is made of metal. In this case, the “cranes” are attached to the central support using metal spacers. The lathing is also made of metal, and it is fastened with an indentation of 40-50 cm. As finishing coating Seam roofing is usually used. If a scaly roof is being installed, then the seams between the plates after laying them must be soldered to prevent water from entering.

We can adapt any of the projects presented above to your home, as well as add or remove any structure.

Roof loads

First of all, these are wind and snow loads during periods of maximum impact on the roof. Important to do correct calculations, because the rafter system bears the most load. Its average value is 1 m2 = 180 kg. We understand that the safety margin of the coefficient should be more than 1.7. In this case, it turns out that on average, about 300 kg falls per 1 m2 with a safety margin. In this case, the average roof size will be from 200 m2. If you make mistakes in the calculations, this will lead to subsidence of the roof or the appearance of waves and holes on it. To prevent this, accurate calculations of loads in strength materials are needed, after which the pitch of the rafters, the dimensions of the boards themselves, the types of legs, etc. are determined.

Calculation of arched roof fastening points

Fastening points are places where rafters, mauerlats, overlaps, etc. are eaten. There must be thrust loads on the roof, so it is important to calculate each node. The correct material must be used. All aspects must be taken into account. The unit should not be loaded with more than 600 kg. If you make an error in the calculations, this can lead to serious consequences: rafters are torn off from the roofing, their separation, cracks, destruction of the roofing pie, etc.

Why do you need a roof ventilation gap?

You need to decide on the ventilation gap in advance.
They come in two types:

1. Single-layer ventilation system for the under-roof space. In this case, hydro-wind protection is purchased of the membrane type with an sd index of less than 0.1. In this case, the roof is vented from above the membrane. From below it simply lies on the insulation.
2. Double layer system. With this method, hydro-wind protection is purchased with an sd index of more than 1. Ventilation of the roofing cake is done on both sides at once - internal and external.

In both cases, the design of the skate will be different. In any case, the size of the vent should not be less than 40 mm and more than 100 mm.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:

• Original look
• Wind loads are minimal

Flaws:

• Difficult to install
• Many complex nodes and connections

These are the main parameters and, based on them, you can draw your conclusions.

Arched roof angle

The tilt angle is one of the most important aspects when installing a roof, because many nuances of the project depend on it, such as the totality of forces applied to the structure and the type of coating.

1. Metal tiles from 6°
2. Ondulin and slate from 6°
3. Profiled sheeting from 6°
4. Seam from 7°
5. Cement-sand and ceramic tiles from 10°
6. Flexible tiles from 12°

Common mistakes in designing arched roofs

Over the years of activity in the construction industry, we have managed to identify typical mistakes made during the installation process:

1. The roof consists of 3-15 sheets instead of 100.
2. There are no fastening points.
3. Loads not calculated.
4. Lack of such important little things, as designs for ventilation gaps, ridges, and so on.
5. Incorrect ventilation calculations can cause rotting, fungus and frostbite.

By protecting yourself from these and other mistakes, you are guaranteed to receive a high-quality roof that will serve you for a long time. Our video instructions will help you with this.

FAQ

Question: Tell me how to make an arch on which the rafters will lie?

Answer: They can be made of metal or plywood. We recommend using plywood, but first calculate the load directed at this arch. Only after this will it be possible to begin its production. You can see an example of an arched design in the video instructions.

Question: How can I make ventilation on an arched roof?

Answer: This is not so easy to do. To do this, you need to use aerators.

Essentially speaking, there cannot be a completely round roof. The roof structure can have a conical or dome shape. Such a roof can be called round only conditionally, since it frames a round building, for example. Natural tiles or metal are usually used as roofing material for such roofs, but in Lately the so-called soft tiles based on bitumen.

It should also be especially noted that in order to build a rafter system for such a roof, you need to carry out a lot of calculations and drawings. This means that you need to have considerable knowledge in the field of higher mathematics and drawing. If there is no such knowledge, then the best way out of the situation would be to turn to the services of specialists.

If we describe the rafter system that is equipped with a house with a round roof, then it should be said that it is installed according to the layered principle. The stiffening ribs or rafters rest with one end on a ring-shaped mauerlat, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls of the building, and with the other, on a ring purlin, which is attached to the central load-bearing column. Several such purlins can be equipped, depending on the height of the roof.

Note! Installing a central pillar will entail an increased load on the ceilings, which must be taken into account when designing and choosing roofing material.

If it is assumed that the future roof will have a dome shape, then the rafters should have the shape of arches, which are also attached with one edge to the base on the wall, and the other to the ring support mounted at the top of the central pillar.

CONE ROOF

In order to better understand the essence of the process of making a cone-shaped roof, you need to take a closer look at the technology of its production.

· First of all, waterproofing is installed under the Mauerlat. To do this, you can use the usual and well-known roofing material.

· After laying it, the Mauerlat itself is mounted, for which you can use a wooden beam with a cross-section of 150x150 mm, depending on the length of the rafters. The Mauerlat is attached to the wall using anchor bolts.

· After installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to install a central pillar, which will serve as a support for the entire rafter system. It is attached to the base using supporting slopes made of timber or boards with a thickness of 40 mm or more. Please note that before installation load-bearing pillar in its upper part you need to secure a second support ring for the rafters, made of timber.

· Once the post is installed, you can proceed to assembling the rafter system itself. For its manufacture, it is most advisable to use laminated timber. This material is able to withstand fairly large mechanical loads, while being affordable and versatile. The assembly of the rafters consists of laying them and fixing them to the supporting elements. This is done by using construction angles. The distance between the supporting elements depends on the diameter of the roof, but should not be more than 50 - 70 cm, otherwise the rafter system will not be able to perform its supporting functions.

· If the roof height is more than two meters, then an additional support ring is installed that will support the roof. This ring is fixed to the rafters with self-tapping screws or in another way, and is attached to the post with spacers.

· Once the rafter system is ready, you can proceed to further stages of installation. Next is laid waterproofing material. You can attach it to the rafters and sheathing using a stapler.

· After waterproofing, you can proceed to the installation of the roofing.

As mentioned above, since the rafter system of a round roof is geometrically complex design, its design is best left to specialists.

Note! It's better to pay and get quality and exact calculations, than to save money and make a mistake, because of which after a while the roof will leak or even collapse. This type of roofing is usually used for round or multifaceted houses with a layered rafter system. The support is provided by a ring girder fixed to the central post. The purlin is mounted so that the top point of the cone is not loaded. The second support is a ring mauerlat, which is mounted on the wall of the turret. Ceiling beams must be designed so that the maximum load is in the area of ​​the central column, to which, in turn, the ridge ring girder is attached with braces. To calculate the components of the rafter system of houses with such a roof, it is better to involve specialists

DOME ROOF

This type of roof is built using a hanging rafter system. Typically this is a 3-hinged arch consisting of hanging rafters. One end of the arch rests on the mauerlat (laid along the wall), the other end on the support ring.

The domed roof, the design, a photo of what the final version should look like - all this is on the website of our construction company, which has the necessary specialists.

In addition to the standard type of roof, there is another method of installation. Creating a dome formed by triangles. This is also a domed roof - a geodesic dome: a structure with quite complex calculations and an unusual appearance. Connector and connectorless methods can be used to fasten rafters. The connector method involves assembling triangles using pieces of timber and special locks. The connectorless method involves the advance production of triangular panels and their assembly at the construction site.

A geodesic dome has a number of advantages:

· More usable space.

· Less costs on Construction Materials.

· Saving space heating costs.

· Possibility of glazing the entire dome.

· High snow load and wind protection.

· Sound insulation is higher than other types of roofs.

· Original appearance.

DOME ROOF

Another option for making a roof with a round base is to build it according to a dome design. As in the previous case, on preparatory stage You will need to carry out calculations and draw up detailed drawings, which are best left to specialists. This approach will allow you to avoid design errors. But the construction work itself is quite possible to do independently.

It is worth saying that in general terms the process of manufacturing a domed roof rafter system is not much different from that described above, but it has some features.

· First, waterproofing is installed on the walls.

· Afterwards the Mauerlat is installed and secured.

· Then a vertical support column is placed, on which a second support ring is mounted at the top.

· Next, you can proceed to installing the rafters. For their manufacture, wooden arched elements consisting of several sections are used. One end of the arch is attached to the Mauerlat, and the other to the second support ring at the top of the supporting pillar. This type of rafter system is called hanging.

· Arch rafters should be installed around the post at a distance of approximately 70–90 cm from each other.

· After their installation, a circular sheathing of unedged boards or timber is installed along their outer area.

· Waterproofing and, finally, roofing are laid on top of the sheathing.

GEODESIC DOME

Another way to make a “round” roof is to install a so-called geodesic dome. This technology is most common in Western countries, in particular the USA, but for a general understanding it is worth familiarizing yourself with the technology.

So, in general terms, the process of manufacturing a rafter system using this technology is that triangular elements of the rafter system are made from scraps of timber, which, when connected to each other, form a rounded roof base.

It should be said that the connection individual elements made using special elements called connectors. In case of their use, assembly general design occurs directly on top of the walls of the building. There is also a so-called connectorless installation method, in which the individual triangles of the structure are assembled in advance, and their assembly into a single structure occurs later.

It is worth noting that the use of such technology allows you to quickly build necessary design, which will meet all the necessary operational requirements, and also have a rather interesting and original appearance. It is also impossible not to note the following advantages:

· In addition, a fairly large free space is formed inside such a dome, which can be used, including as a living space.

· This design requires less materials than other technologies.

· The geodesic dome system is not very heavy, which means it will not greatly increase the load on the walls and, consequently, the foundation, which in turn will have a positive impact on savings.

· It is also necessary to highlight the excellent strength characteristics of the structure, which allow it to cope with significant snow loads, which is important for residents of the northern regions.

· Among other things, such a roof will have good performance in terms of aerodynamics, which allows the roof to successfully withstand high wind loads.

BULB ROOF

Another option for making a roof on a building that has a round shape is to install a so-called onion roof. It should be noted that this form of roof is usually used during the construction of churches and its use in private construction is hardly appropriate. However, it should be said that cases in life are different and no information will be superfluous.

In general terms, the construction of such a roof uses layered technology, that is, the rafter elements are installed and secured, as if leaning against the load-bearing supports, that is, the central pillar and the mauerlat along the perimeter of the walls. The main difference from other options for manufacturing rafter systems is the very specific shape of the rafters themselves, which provides the roof with a recognizable appearance.

To achieve the required strength indicators, the rafters are additionally strengthened using complex system braces and struts, which are installed in places of greatest load.

Concluding the above, we can add that, in principle, you can build a roof, even a round one, yourself, but it is better to entrust the calculations necessary for the correct design of the rafter system to specialists. Perhaps this is the main thing. The construction work itself can be carried out independently, of course, provided that you have certain knowledge and practice in carpentry.

The round roof itself is not that uncommon. Most architectural monuments for religious purposes are round roofs: the onions of Russian churches, the domes of Muslim temples. The exception is Catholic Gothic. In Western Europe, domes usually crown secular buildings.

The dome is a common roof option for urban buildings. individual projects, scientific buildings - observatories, etc. Only in country villages are houses with a round roof rare. The reason is the complex installation of the rafter system. How to make a round roof?

What is a round roof?

Calling the roof round is incorrect. It's not completely round.

This group includes any roofs whose shape is a figure of rotation or one of its segments:

§ Dome (half or upper third of the ball);

§ Cone-shaped roofs;

§ Onion roofs;

§ Curved roofs with complex geometry that do not have their own name.

The rafter system for all these types of roofs is manufactured differently.

Design of a round roof truss system
note

Rafter systems for round roofs are usually layered. This implies the presence of additional supports for the rafters inside the structure.

Support points:

§ Ring Mauerlat;

§ Ring purlin at the top of the roof. If the roof is high (above two meters), there may be more than one purlin;

§ Central pillar. For small structures one is enough;

§ Additional reinforcing elements (struts, ties).

The rafters themselves:

§ For bulbs - rounded (metal trusses are often used instead of wood).

§ For domes - rounded arched, composed of several parts. The exception is the so-called geodesic dome, popular in Western countries: it is assembled from many small triangular wooden sections.

§ Cone - the rafter legs are straight, supported by round ring purlins and a round mauerlat. The ridge unit at the top is mounted similarly to hip roofs.

The installation procedure for the system is generally similar to that of conventional roofs:

1. Laying an insulating layer of roofing felt on the wall.

2. Installation of the Mauerlat. For example, a beam is 15 by 15 (the cross-section must be indicated in the roof design). Fix the Mauerlat to the wall with anchor bolts.

3. If the entire building is wooden, the mauerlat is not installed. The rafters rest on the upper crown and are secured with galvanized nails.

4. Mount the upper ring purlin on the beam for the support post.

5. Place a support post in the center of the ceiling. Reinforce with struts approximately 4 cm thick.

6. Install the rafters in increments of 50-90 centimeters, depending on the project. They are fixed to the mauerlat and purlin with construction corners.

note

The general requirement for the installation of the rafter system of any roof is to pre-treat all elements with a fire retardant and antiseptics.

Round roof installation

After installing the rafters, the roofing pie is installed - the same as for other pitched roofs:

§ Vapor barrier;

§ Insulation;

§ Waterproofing;

§ Counter-lattice + sheathing.

You can limit yourself to waterproofing alone (without vapor barrier and insulation) if the roof is cold. But it is quite possible to create a warm attic in the dome; there is enough space there. Or your own observatory

The roofing of round roofs can be made of different materials:

§ flexible tiles;

§ composite tiles;

§ thin sheet steel (including seam roofs);

§ with some restrictions - ceramic tiles;

§ wooden piece coverings - shingles, shingles, etc.;

§ polycarbonate.

Laying of any of these materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions.

note

Installation flexible tiles will not be difficult, but for iron it may be required sheet bending machine and/or folding equipment.

If you are planning to make a roof from inlaid wooden tiles, do not forget to treat them with all necessary protective compounds and waterproof varnish.

Features of a round polycarbonate roof

Polycarbonate stands apart among roofing materials. Roofs from it are often made for greenhouses, greenhouses, gazebos, winter gardens. In any case, these are transparent or translucent roofs; they do not have a roofing pie.

But polycarbonate itself has low thermal conductivity. The structure is not completely cold, even in the absence of insulation.

When installing, you need to take into account the characteristics of the material:

1. Holes for fasteners should be drilled in advance. When drilling and cutting, be careful and avoid vibration of the sheets, as the material is prone to cracking.

2. Suitable for cutting sheets electric jigsaw or circular with small tooth. The speed is medium: at low speed chips appear, at high speed it can lead to melting of the material.

3. If moisture accumulates inside the sheets, blow them out with compressed air (for example, using a vacuum cleaner).

4. Polycarbonate is subject to thermal expansion. Mounting holes should be made a couple of millimeters apart larger diameter screw rod.

5. The ends of the polycarbonate sheet blanks must be glued with waterproof aluminum tape before laying.

6. To install a polycarbonate roof, metal arched profiles are used. Installation is carried out along a radius. The frame is built up gradually as the sheets themselves are attached.

7. Protective film They are removed from the sheets only upon completion of installation.

8. Sheets can be given a curved configuration using thermal, vacuum and cold forming.

9. It is forbidden to move on the coating; roofing ladders and ladders are used during installation.

Installing a round roof is a complex and energy-intensive process. A small inaccuracy can turn beautiful design into something formless.

Arched or domed roof is mainly used in the construction of buildings such as winter gardens, swimming pools, galleries and stadiums. But increasingly, arched roofs can be found in cottage construction, where the building design allows the installation of this type of roof. The domed roof looks very impressive over the hall or over the attic, which is equipped for relaxation.

Description of design

Dome-shaped roofs have a unique rafter structure; they are made from wood, concrete or metal, and sometimes all together. As a rule, the covering of arched domes is made of translucent materials: special glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. But sometimes they may not apply transparent materials: copper, galvanized, titanium coated sheets or wood.

Domed roofs have many advantages over well-known standard structures. Aesthetically appealing, this roof is truly original and incredibly beautiful. The shape of the arch or dome makes such roofs very resistant to winds and snow loads, since snow does not linger on such a roof. Using transparent roofing material, the premises receive full, natural light, which is very valuable for winter gardens. In technical terms, a domed roof eliminates a lot of problems; you can cover several rooms at the same time and make a single smooth transition.

Rafters load-bearing elements These structures have a curved appearance, such as a truss or arch, and are made of metal, concrete and wood. For example, for a private low-rise building, heavy concrete structures are not used, so metal and wooden floors are used. If the building is large in scale, then during construction the load of reinforced concrete trusses is immediately taken into account, so the walls and foundation are made especially strong.

It is worth saying that there are domed roofs small area, in the design of which no supports are used at all, the covering of such roofs is made of durable and at the same time lightweight polycarbonate. Its properties allow you to make a wide variety of roof shapes.

Metal support structures are also very heavy and must be treated regularly to prevent corrosion. Plus it's big metal structure creates a strong load on the walls and foundation. Therefore, recently, aluminum profiles have increasingly been used in the designs of domed and arched roofs. Aluminum is very light and at the same time durable, does not corrode, and thin beams are harmoniously combined with translucent material. Installation of rafter supports is greatly simplified and easier.

The same aluminum sheathing is installed with an aluminum frame; its pitch is calculated taking into account the thickness and weight of the polycarbonate sheets. The bending of the sheet is also taken into account; it also creates a load. However, the lathing here is not done in frequent increments; as a rule, one lintel is placed on half a sheet. Here are the main parameters of the sheathing that need to be taken into account when installing the sheathing of domed roofs:

It is necessary to take into account the size of the polycarbonate and its type. If cellular polycarbonate is used, then its length is from 6 to 12 meters, the width is generally standard 2.10 meters;
- sheet-type polycarbonate has smaller dimensions, length 3 m, width 2 m, but here the sheet thickness of 10-32 mm can significantly change the weight;
- you also need to clarify all the characteristics of polycarbonate, since sheets and honeycombs are often made to order and this must be taken into account;
- for the installation of an aluminum frame and sheathing, it is necessary to create the most complete and exact drawing taking into account all the details, only then can you begin installation;
- polycarbonate and aluminum do not require additional finishing; they combine well and create an original style.

It is worth approaching carefully the right choice polycarbonate, a variety of types and thicknesses allows you to optimally select required material, the main thing is to correctly calculate the weight for the structure. On the rooftops small size, it is possible to create a dome structure without using a frame, which makes the roof especially beautiful and airy.

But it is worth remembering that polycarbonate, when exposed to the sun, creates a greenhouse effect, especially with a large coverage area. For rooms covered with a polycarbonate dome, it is necessary to install air conditioning or ventilation.
Fastening sheet and cellular polycarbonate

The correct fastening plays important role in the strength of the polycarbonate dome structure, there are different methods mounts for cell phone or sheet material. It is necessary to take into account the bending capabilities of polycarbonate and its thickness, and also take into account the full internal channels that must run in the longitudinal direction. You should also remember the necessary thermal expansion for sheets when heated.

Often, for sheets of medium size, no more than 3 m, a point type of fastening is used. Do not use ordinary bolts or nails for fastening, otherwise the polycarbonate will crack when expanding. If the coating sheets are up to 6 m in size, then it is necessary to additionally use thermal washers. But with sheets up to 12 m this will no longer help, so it is recommended to use special polycarbonate that has been hot-molded and has stiffeners. The sheets are pressed from the outside; polycarbonate slats or other materials are used as clamps.

Between the polycarbonate and the joints with the surface truss structure It is advisable to put a gasket to prevent oxidation stains from appearing. However, if you use aluminum profile, then it is already covered with a special rubber or silicone seal at the production stage.