A stationary circular saw is the machine that should be in the workshop of every craftsman working with wood. With its help, you can quickly and effortlessly cut a board, cut a workpiece of the required size, and cut firewood.
The home master is simply obliged to acquire such a machine. It is not necessary to buy homemade circular guaranteed to cope with the volume of work of a home workshop, while costing a much smaller amount.
Circular saw device
being really useful tool, the circular has enough simple design. Its main nodes:
- bed - a frame on which the main units are mounted;
- tabletop with a slot for a disk;
- motor with rotation transmission system;
- cutting tool, disc with teeth.
Optionally, the device can be supplemented with a pusher, which ensures the forward movement of the workpiece to the disk, and various lifting mechanisms that regulate the cutting depth.
The principle of operation of a circular saw (circular saw) is that the rotation of the motor shaft is transmitted to a cutting tool, a disk with sharply sharpened teeth. The center of the disk is located below the level of the tabletop, only its segment is removed from it. A workpiece is brought to the rotating disk, the teeth bite into the wood, creating even cut.
A simple circular grinder or circular saw
Angle grinder (grinder) - one of the most popular tools home master, with its help it is easy to cut metal, clean welds. In addition, using instead of the standard abrasive disc disk for wood, the grinder can be turned into a hand-held circular saw (it is also called a parquet), and by making a bed with a table - into a stationary circular saw.
Required accessories
For work you will need:
- multilayer plywood with a thickness of 10 mm or more;
- switch and wire;
- bolts with a cap under sweat;
- screws;
- wooden block 40x40 mm.
You also need to prepare a drill or screwdriver, a hammer, a screwdriver, pliers, a ruler and a pencil. With the help of these tools, you have to make a circular with your own hands.
Of course, we must not forget the grinder itself or a hand-held circular saw. At the first stage, it will help to cut the material, and then it will take its place as a working body of the circular.
Sequencing
The first step is to make the body of the circular. Thick plywood is perfect for this, you can use any pressed wood boards. You will need to cut out four rectangular sheets, size 40 x 80 cm. A box with a square 80 x 80 cm at the base is assembled from them. Four bars are installed in the corners for ease of assembly and reliability of the structure.
From above, the resulting box is closed with a countertop. It can be made from the same plywood, but it is better to use some sheet material with laminated finish. This guarantees the durability of the machine, ensures the convenience of operating a home-made circular.
A cut is made in the tabletop to exit the disc, holes are drilled on the sides of it for attaching the tool.
The grinder must be securely fixed under the countertop. The design of the latch can be very diverse, it all depends on the configuration of the machine itself. The main requirement for fastening is that it must securely hold the angle grinder, preventing it from moving.
The simplest fastening may look like this: two metal squares, between them a grinder is fixed with a steel clamp.
In the upper shelves of the squares holding the grinder, two holes are drilled. The structure is fastened to the table top with countersunk bolts. It remains only to block the power button, connect the grinder through an external switch.
In the same way, you can make your own circular from circular saw. In this case, the work is noticeably simplified due to the fact that you do not need to invent a mount. It is enough to make a cutout for the disk, drill holes through the holes in the hand saw plate.
Miniature machine from the engine from the washing machine
The circular is distinguished by its extreme simplicity and availability of materials for its manufacture. Perhaps its only expensive part is the electric motor. Stationary machines they are equipped with a powerful asynchronous motor that provides cutting of thick wood of any species, but in a home workshop you can limit yourself to less power.
Note! For sawing boards of medium thickness, it is enough to make it yourself circular table engine driven washing machine.
This design has a number of advantages. The engine from an old washing machine is inexpensive, moreover, such a unit is likely to be found in the household of a home craftsman. Connecting this engine is not particularly difficult, there is no need to look for circuits, soldering. With all this, the power of such a unit is quite enough for most types of work.
The scheme of the machine can be simplified as much as possible by eliminating the belt drive. In this embodiment, the cutting tool will be mounted directly on the motor shaft. The bed of the desktop mini-machine will be a frame assembled from a bar with a section of 40 x 40 mm. If desired, it can be welded from a corner or a profile pipe.
As a stand (tabletop) for a circular, a part of the body of an old TV, coated chipboard, is ideal. As practice shows, this part is sufficiently durable, and thanks to the lacquer coating, it does not prevent the workpiece from sliding.
In the tabletop with an electric jigsaw, two parallel cuts are made perpendicular to the cutout for the disk. A movable square will slide along them, playing the role of a side stop. It will help to make an even cut, if necessary, at a given angle.
Stationary machine
Those who plan to seriously engage in woodworking should think about making a full-fledged stationary circular saw. It must be a separate unit mounted on a workbench equipped with powerful engine, with the ability to quickly replace the disk. It will take time to make such a circular with your own hands, but it will definitely pay for itself.
Despite the apparent simplicity this device, before starting work, it is worth creating a drawing of the machine. This will allow you to visually see the future unit, choose its optimal configuration.
bed
The basis of any machine is a bed, a frame on which all the main parts are mounted. The frame of the circular must be stable and reliable, so it is made of metal. It is preferable to use profile pipe or thick-walled square. Welding is used to connect parts. If a collapsible design is conceived, a bolted connection is suitable.
Buy suitable material it will not be difficult, in any specialized metal rolling store you can pick up both pipes and a square. Those who want to save money can be recommended to contact scrap metal buyers. You can buy the same thing from them, only cheaper.
table top
Best material for countertops professional circular is metal. Steel and aluminum-based alloys are excellent. For budget option you can limit yourself to thick multilayer plywood upholstered with sheet iron. In any case, the surface of the tabletop must be smooth, resistant to friction and not sag under a weight of up to 50 kg.
In the tabletop, a groove is made for the disk. It can be done in two ways. You can make a cut in a single sheet, or you can assemble a countertop from two halves. The second method is preferable for a metal countertop, which is difficult to cut at home.
If desired, you can make a sawing machine for working outside the workshop, for this it is enough to provide for the possibility of installing gasoline engine small power, it can be removable.
Rotation transmission
The optimal circular drive is a V-belt drive. Two pulleys are used, one on the motor and one on the drive shaft. It's convenient and safe. There is no direct connection between the motor rotor and the disc, in the event of a jammed tool, the belt will begin to slip, signaling the need to turn off the power. In addition, using pulleys with several grooves of different diameters, you can adjust the speed of the saw by choosing optimal mode for different woods.
Rotation from the motor rotor is transmitted to the shaft. This is one of the most critical parts of the circular. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a shaft on your own, it is better to buy a ready-made one or order it from a turner.
The shaft is mounted on bearings. They should be closed type: circular - a sawing place and open ones will not last long.
Pendulum suspended machine
Those who can boast of the ability to work with metal can be advised to make a circular with a pendulum engine mount. The main feature of the device is that the motor, shaft and cutting disc installed in one common frame. On the one hand, it is hinged on the frame, the second is held by a screw with the ability to adjust the height. By changing the length of the screw, you can adjust the height of the disk exit from the tabletop.
This system allows you to adjust the height of the cut, as well as use discs of different diameters. If, instead of an adjusting screw, you use a probe brought to the countertop, you can get a simple copy machine. The probe will allow you to adjust the depth of the cut according to a certain pattern. This fairly simple refinement will turn a simple circular saw into a real woodworking machine. With such a device, you can not only cut the board into the necessary blanks, but also perform accurate cuts and make various selections.
Content:
Circular type machines belong to the class of specialized processing mechanisms, without which no well-equipped home workshop can do.
This sample of woodworking equipment is especially relevant in conditions country house and country farming.
When evaluating the possibilities of purchasing ready-made equipment, you will encounter a number of problems related to the inconvenience of handling cheap stand-alone circular saws and the too high cost of professional processing equipment.
The only correct approach to solving this problem is to make a circular machine with your own hands, using materials and equipment that are commercially available.
Note! In order to save money in small-sized models of machine tools, as cutting tool the most commonly used stand-alone circular saw, which is rigidly mounted on the bed.
By using homemade machine you will be able to saw boards, plan the slab, and also make bars of the section you need.
If desired, it will be possible to significantly expand the functionality of your product by providing it with the possibility of processing wood using an electric planer.
Design requirements
Before starting work, it will be necessary to prepare a small sketch, which should indicate not only the location of all structural elements future machine, but also their main dimensions. When drawing such a sketch, it should be taken into account that your circular machine may consist of the following functional units:
- bed, which serves as the basis of the entire product;
- countertops with an industrial model of a hand-held circular saw installed on it;
- remote control panel for turning on and off the actuator (circular saw).
Small Tabletop Circular Machine
The specified composition of the machine is typical for small-sized products on a wooden frame. For capital equipment manufactured on the basis of metal profiles(corners) his scheme has a slightly different look. The composition of such a product should include the following elements:
- a base made of steel frames and brackets on which a shaft with a drive pulley is mounted in bearing pairs;
- a tabletop with slots for the processing blade, mounted on top of a metal frame and rigidly fixed to it;
- a set of special drive electrical equipment located in the lower part of the frame and providing the required functionality of the device (it includes an electric motor, a starting device and a transformer-converter).
The main requirement for any type of bed is to ensure maximum reliability and stability of the structure. As options for the execution of the machine base, we will consider both frames made of metal profiles (corners) and load-bearing structures made of wood.
When familiarizing yourself with the requirements for the electrical equipment of a home-made machine, first of all, you should decide on the drive power of the cutting tool (or autonomous saw), which for living conditions should not exceed 850 watts.
Stationary circular machine
In addition, before preparing a sketch of a future product, such specifications equipment used, such as:
- Depth of cut, which sets the allowable thickness of the wood pieces to be processed on your machine. This indicator for industrial samples of woodworking equipment ranges from 5 to 8 cm, which is quite enough for cutting standard boards and thick plywood.
Additional information: In the event that you need to process wood blanks of greater thickness, it is necessary to provide a special frame in the frame. lifting mechanism, which allows you to change the position of the disk in height.
- Before manufacturing a capital machine with a separate drive, the operating frequency of the rotor of the electric motor should be taken into account. The choice of this parameter is determined by the lumber processing modes that you most often have to deal with. For simple cutting of wood, this figure can be relatively low, but for a perfectly even (“clean”) cut, you need a higher speed.
Important! Optimal for homemade cutting machines is considered to be a speed that does not exceed the value 4500 rpm. At low engine speeds, the frame can be made on the basis of a reinforced wooden frame, massive enough to prevent mechanism vibrations.
- When drawing up a sketch, ergonomic requirements should also be taken into account, assuming the convenience of controlling the operation of the equipment, as well as the safety of handling it. They relate to the order of the buttons on the operating panel, the restriction of access to the cutting blade, as well as the electrical safety of the drive or individual elements management.
After all possible requirements for the future machine are taken into account, you can proceed to its direct assembly.
Frame based on metal profiles (corners)
The upper part of the metal frame is most conveniently made in the form of a rectangular frame 600 by 400 mm, welded from 25 mm corners. Pipe blanks 220 mm long are welded to the four corners of this design (recommended pipe diameter is 17-20 mm).
The bed must ensure the rigidity of the machine
On the frame with the help of bolts, two longitudinal corners are used to fasten the shaft in the bearing cage.
The distance between the corners is determined based on the length of the shaft, and the bearings used for installation are fixed on them with special clamps.
The lower part of the frame of the bed, in order to give it greater stability, is made (welded) from 40 mm metal corners.
Closed type bearing is used to fasten the working shaft
Two jumpers made of the same material are welded across the frame, used to fix the electric motor. There is also a metal platform intended for mounting the launch equipment.
Bearings are attached to the frame with special clamps.
At the corners of the resulting structure, pipe blanks are welded with a length corresponding to the size of the pipes on the upper frame, but slightly larger diameter(23-25mm).
Closer to their edge, special clamps (lambs) are used to clamp the lifting pipes of the upper frame, which move when the drive belt is tensioned.
The procedure for assembling the mechanical part of such a machine includes the following operations:
- first, bearings No. 202 are taken and driven onto the working shaft with force;
- after that, a pulley, previously machined on lathe and having an inner diameter of the stream 50mm;
- then, at the end of the shaft, a thread is cut for the bolt used to clamp the cutting tool (for more reliable fixation, paronite and metal washers can be placed under the bolt);
- upon completion of this part of the work, we proceed to the installation of a drive manufactured on the basis of a three-phase induction motor power 1.5 kW, (1500 rpm). A pulley is mounted on the shaft of such an engine, having inner size stream approximately 80mm;
- at the next stage of assembling the frame, two finished halves of the frame are connected together (in this case, pipes of smaller diameter are inserted into larger ones);
- at the end of the work, a belt is pulled on the shaft, and then the structure is fixed in this position by means of special “lamb” clamps.
Machine on a wooden frame
The simplest and affordable way the manufacture of a frame for a machine tool involves the use for these purposes ordinary boards or thick plywood. IN this option design, the actuating unit is located directly under the table (table top), in which a slot of the appropriate dimensions is made for the cutting blade.
Wooden frame is reliable and easy to manufacture
As an example, we will consider the option of manufacturing a bed with a height of approximately 110 - 120 cm, designed to fix a hand-held circular saw on it. The length of the countertop of this design can be changed within small limits at your discretion.
Note! The height of the structure, if desired, can be adjusted, taking into account the height of the person working on the machine. And if it is necessary to process very long boards on it, the dimensions of the countertop can be increased to the required size. In this case, you will have to worry about mounting additional support legs.
The most convenient material for making countertops is multilayer plywood not less than 50 mm thick. However, other materials can be chosen for these purposes (plexiglass or fiberglass boards, for example). As for such a common material as chipboard, its use in this case is undesirable, as it does not provide sufficient surface strength.
To make a machine on a wooden base, you will need the following materials:
- preparation of sheet iron;
- standard sheet of thick plywood;
- a pair of bars with a section of 50x50 mm;
- thick boards with a standard size of 50 x 100 mm;
- steel corner, necessary to increase the rigidity of the fastening of the guides;
- a circular saw;
- two clamps.
In addition, you will have to stock up on the following set of tools, without which the assembly of the machine is simply impossible:
- classic screwdriver and electric drill;
- a simple hacksaw for wood or a jigsaw;
- measuring instruments (square, tape measure, ruler);
- portable cutter for wood processing.
In the absence of such a cutter, it will be possible to use the help of friends or neighbors who have a milling machine in their household.
Additional Information: Some home craftsmen prefer to make countertops from end-of-life kitchen tables. However, this design will not be durable, since the source material has been used for a long time in a humid room. That is why it would be wiser to make all structural elements from new blanks, which at the same time will allow you to take into account your personal tastes and preferences.
Countertop manufacturing
Work on the manufacture of this part of the equipment is carried out in the following sequence:
We start by marking a piece of plywood, carried out in such a way that its edges are flush with the edges of the prepared iron sheet. After marking, using a hacksaw or electric jigsaw, you can cut the plywood blank to the required size. If desired, it will be possible to process its edges with a cutter, although this is not at all necessary (the main requirement for this element is its reliability, not attractiveness).
Upon completion of these operations, the surface of the countertop is carefully processed (rubbed) sandpaper medium grit.
Then, on its lower part, the position of the slot for the saw blade is preliminarily marked. To do this, it is necessary to determine the dimensions of the sole prepared for the installation of a circular saw. For the convenience of carrying out measurements, the disk is simply removed from the saw, after which it will be possible to easily determine the dimensions of the seat.
For the convenience of marking the tabletop, the saw blade is removed
Upon completion of its preparation, you should take a circular saw and try it on at the installation site. If necessary, the position of its attachment points is corrected (at the same time, the contours of the slot for the saw blade are specified).
The finished plywood table top is covered with a steel sheet, fastened to it with self-tapping screws. Subsequently, special markings can be applied to the working surface, allowing you to adjust the position of the wood blank during its processing.
Frame assembly
Both transverse and longitudinal bars of the frame, used as stiffeners, are also mounted on the lower plane of the tabletop. In total, four such strips are required:
Two transverse jumpers that do not reach the edge of the tabletop by 7-9 cm on each side.
Two longitudinal bars, the size of which corresponds to the same condition (they should not reach the edges of the countertop by about 7-9 cm).
Taking into account these restrictions, it is necessary to outline the points of fixation of the longitudinal bars and crossbars, in which the latter will be attached to the countertop using self-tapping screws of a suitable size.
When marking points, the outermost of them is selected approximately at a distance of 40-50 mm from the edge of the bar (in this case, the step between them should be about 23-25 cm).
Before final assembly framework in all component parts(bars and countertop) are drilled through holes under the screws. WITH front side fasteners are installed in such a way that their caps are completely hidden in the material.
To increase the strength of the future frame base, the bars adjacent to the countertop are pre-coated with wood glue.
After assembly, the structure is temporarily fixed with clamps, which can be removed after the glue has dried.
Support leg attachment
The legs of the table are made from bars of a suitable section (most often, the same 50x50 mm blanks are used for these purposes). The height of the supports is selected for a specific person, i.e. individually.
This should take into account the fact that it is more convenient to work on a circular machine when the tabletop is at hip level. The shape of the legs before their final installation is finalized, taking into account that they taper towards the supporting part (the area of interface with the frame base must exceed the area of support on the floor).
To increase the rigidity and stability of the structure, steel corners can be used in it, which are pressed in such a way as to provide an additional “strut” of the base. To fix them, special bolts with washers are used, installed with caps outward.
Wiring diagram
In the capital version of the design of the circular machine, an autonomous drive is used, which includes an asynchronous type electric motor, the windings of which are connected to the electrical network according to the triangle scheme.
Connection diagram of an asynchronous motor of a circular machine
To control the operation and ensure automatic start of the electric motor, the circuit provides for a magnetic starter built on the basis of an electronic switch (triac) and a current transformer.
To build a machine control scheme on wooden frame(an option involving the use of a manual circular saw) it will be enough to duplicate the buttons for turning the mechanism on and off, bringing them out and fixing them on one of the legs of the tabletop
You will learn more about connecting the electric motor of the machine from the video.
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For any home craftsman, having their own stationary sawing machine is time saving and safe work.
You can buy a ready-made stationary circular. The cost of small machines starts from 9,000 rubles, more or less decent stationary saws are sold in the price range from 30 to 100 thousand.
Despite the apparent complexity of the design, any craftsman with elementary locksmith skills can make a homemade circular saw. Moreover, during the design process it is possible to add functions that are not provided by the manufacturer.
What is a circular saw for?
Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the main tasks of the sawing machine. If you just need to cut firewood for the winter, or do basic carpentry work like making a fence, it’s enough strong table with slot for saw blade. Such options are popular in rural areas.
Circular for working with logs
Of course, there can be no question of any safety and functionality when using such a device.
In some of these "models" there is a shaft for fixing the knives of a planer or jointer. As a rule, a bed is cooked from a corner or a channel, an electric motor is fixed on it from a decommissioned factory ventilation, and with the help of a pulley, the torque is transmitted to the disk. It makes no sense to describe in detail the manufacturing technology of such a machine.
Another thing is if you want to do carpentry work. In this case, it is necessary coordinate table with guides that are fixed at different angles.
Because on such stationary saw you can work with small workpieces - you need to take care of the safety of the operator. It is desirable to provide for the adjustment of the rotation speed and the possibility of easy change of discs with different diameters.
Be sure to install above the disk protective cover, and cover the rotating parts of the drive with covers. The starting device is equipped with an emergency switch, and the stop button is placed in an accessible place and is made large.
Don't miss in an accident
How to make a circular, keeping a balance between economy, functionality and safety
Consider the main components that make up a home circular saw. You can make them yourself, but with certain skills and tools.
The frame can be made from a metal corner (channel) purchased from scrap metal collectors. If you have the funds, contact the metal rolling warehouse. Legs can be made from old water pipes by connecting them with corners.
A good option homemade bed from rolled metal
IMPORTANT! The use of bolted connections is prohibited, because due to vibration, such a mount will unwind.
Electricity must be used. Be sure to step up corner connections jib. The upper part of the frame (on which the table will rest) and the podium for the electric motor are made from a corner with a side of at least 50 mm.
If the machine is equipped with wheels for movement, they must be with steel rims and have locks. The higher the mass of the bed, the more stable the machine will be, and the safer the work will be.
What to make a table for a circular saw?
Working surface made of steel, duralumin or silumin sheet. It is permissible to use textolite, plexiglass or moisture-resistant plywood. Galvanized sheet is stuffed over plywood.
The main condition is that the material should not crack from vibrations., have smooth surface and avoid deflection under a weight of at least 50 kg. If the countertop cracks or warps, the circular disc will jam.
Universal homemade table for circular saws and routers. I recommend watching this video
This will lead to injury and damage to the workpiece. The use of popular OSB and chipboard materials is undesirable. These materials are unstable to vibrations, and can collapse at the most crucial moment.
There are two options for making a working groove for a circular disk:
- You can cut a groove.
- or place the two halves of the countertop at a distance from each other.
The main component of a carpentry home workshop is a circular saw. It is intended for primary processing of materials by manual or automated method. Due to the high cost of factory equipment, craftsmen most often come to the conclusion that it is best to make this machine with their own hands.
Requirements for household circular machines
Structurally, it should not differ from factory models. They consist of a support table, in the center of which there is a slot for saw blade. In addition, the design contains measuring components, elements for fixing the workpiece and for ensuring the safety of work.
Before manufacturing, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for its components. It is important that they fit each other not only structurally, but also in terms of technical parameters. To do this, you can take a diagram of a typical design of a factory woodworking machine.
Complete set of woodworking saw equipment:
- table. Must have sufficient stability, the surface of the countertop is perfectly flat;
- power point. The main parameters of the electric motor for rotating the disk are power and number of revolutions;
- additional components. These include stops for fixing a wooden workpiece, rulers for measuring.
advantage homemade models is the possibility of choosing its dimensions, performance and other technical parameters. In the process of drawing up a manufacturing scheme, you can choose optimal height table, table top dimensions, motor characteristics. Doesn't have this hand tool for woodworking.
Requirements for woodworking discs directly depend on the parameters of the workpiece, the type of wood and the required productivity speed. This is calculated on an individual basis.
Materials for the manufacture of a circular machine
After drawing up the optimal drawing for the manufacture of stationary equipment with your own hands, you need to select Consumables. To do this, you can purchase rolled metal or use existing components.
The main problem is the choice of the power unit. Some recommend installing factory model manual circular saw. However, often they do not have the necessary power to process large volumes of wood. In addition, the limitation on the diameter of the disk will reduce the functionality of the equipment. Therefore, it is best to choose drawings in which there are two separate blocks - an electric motor and a shaft for mounting the disk.
Compound load-bearing elements desktop is done by welding with your own hands. Mechanical components will not provide a proper indicator of reliability, as backlash will form due to constant vibration.
- table. For legs, you can use steel corners 30 * 30 or 40 * 40 mm;
- countertop. It is made of dense chipboard, although experts believe the best option application of steel sheet. In this case, a lattice structure is made in the upper part of the table;
- electric motor. You can apply any household models asynchronous power plant 220 V, the power of which does not exceed 1.5 kW, and maximum amount revolutions is 2400 rpm;
- a system of pulleys for transmitting torque on a shaft with a disk. Pulleys are best taken from the factory. A tensioning system must be provided.
To fix the workpiece along the length, it is necessary to provide a support bar. It should shift relative to the plane of the disk, thereby adjusting the width of the board being processed with its own hands.
Before welding, all steel blanks must be cleaned of rust. Painting is carried out only after the final manufacture of the saw machine with your own hands.
Assembling a homemade circular machine
After preparing the components, you can begin to assemble the structure on wood. Drawings are drawn up in advance, on which all the parameters of the elements are indicated: dimensions, welding places, mandatory processing zones.
First, the frame of the saw machine is assembled with your own hands. It is necessary to provide places for mounting the shaft with the disk and the electric motor. Pulleys should be located on the outside. This is necessary for the periodic tightening of the transmission belts and the prompt implementation of repairs.
According to the diagram, a slot is made in the center of the tabletop through which the disk will pass. The edges of the material must be processed, but the countertop must be even. The plane of the disc must be strictly perpendicular to the surface of the table. Recommended slot dimensions: width - up to 5 cm; length - up to 400 mm.
The motor control unit is located in front of the cutting area. This will help prevent chips from getting into electrical components.
For an example of manufacturing circular saw it is recommended to watch the video material with your own hands:
