Flexible (or bituminous) tiles are the undisputed leader among commonly used materials for roofing. It is used in the field of low-rise construction, it is perfect for decorating the roofs of residential buildings and various other buildings. Bituminous tiles, the laying technology of which is quite simple, has a lot of advantages due to its operational characteristics. Consider how the process of decorating the roof with this material takes place, whether it is complicated or whether you can still do the work yourself without the involvement of specialists.
The bituminous tile is rather soft roofing material, but at the same time strong and durable. It is made on the basis of fiberglass, which is covered on both sides with a layer created on the basis of bitumen. Its outer side - the front - usually has a special dressing made from mineral chips. Its function is to provide protection from external influences such as precipitation and wind. In addition, due to this dressing, bituminous tiles acquire a rather beautiful appearance.
The bottom layer of material covers sticky layer, which allows you to easily stay on the prepared base. It helps the tile withstand the onslaught of bad weather, and also increases its tightness.
On a note! For the first time, shingles entered the building materials market at the beginning of the 20th century. It appeared in America thanks to Henry Reynolds, a specialist at Grand Rapids. By the middle of the 20th century, about half of all low-rise buildings in the United States were covered with this roofing material.
The service life of bituminous shingles, if it was laid correctly and operated in compliance with all norms, is at least 30 years. It can be used on any roofs, including those with complex geometric shapes. The material does not give additional load on the rafters or the foundation, it is strong enough, not inferior in quality to the usual metal tiles. In addition, its installation is simple, and a large selection of colors / shapes allows you to match it to any style of home.
What is important to consider?
So, the installation of this material is quite simple and understandable even for beginners. However, in any case, it implies compliance with certain norms and rules, therefore, before starting with them, installation work it's important to get to know each other. So, what is important to remember when laying shingles:
- basis for such roofing should be smooth, carefully leveled, sufficiently rigid and solid;
- the roof must have excellent ventilation;
- when laying, it is important to observe the temperature regime, and therefore such a coating is recommended to be laid in the summer. The temperature outside should not be less than +5 degrees;
On a note! Installation of this type of tile can also be carried out at a lower temperature, however, in this case, the material must be supplied to the roof from warm room and should not be stockpiled prior to outdoor work. The adhesive layer in cold weather must be warmed up with a hair dryer before laying.
- the terms of work directly depend on the size of the roof, the experience of the master and the type of material. On average, the installation of bituminous tiles takes about 2-40 days. In the first case, the time indicator is optimal for a simple roof with two slopes. The more complex the roof, the longer it will take to fiddle with laying the coating;
- the angle of the roof slope, where bituminous tiles are mounted, can vary from 10 to 90 degrees.
GOST 32806-2014. The tile is bituminous. Are common specifications. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).
The right foundation is the key to success
As mentioned above, bituminous tiles are very demanding on the quality of the base on which they are laid. It should be solid and carefully aligned. The materials for its creation can be different - plywood, wood, OSB boards etc. It is important to remember that when laying plates or sheets of material, a small gap is always left between them. It will provide the possibility of compensatory expansion when the material increases in size under the influence of humidity or temperature. Otherwise (if there are no gaps), the roof will go in waves. The sheets are fastened to the crate using self-tapping screws or nails - the main thing is that their hats are recessed into the material.
Attention! The greater the step between the individual boards of the crate on which the sheets are laid, the thicker the material should be.
Table. The dependence of the thickness of the material on the step of the crate.
| Step between individual elements of the crate, mm | Boards, thickness in mm | Plywood, thickness in mm | OSB board, thickness in mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 600 | 20 | 12 | 12 |
| 900 | 23 | 18 | 18 |
| 1200 | 30 | 21 | 21 |
| 1500 | 37 | 27 | 27 |
Ventilation is also of great importance. These should be air vents, openings for the possibility of fresh air entering them, openings for air to escape from under the roof.
Preparing for installation
For installation work soft tiles you will need the following tools:
- metal scissors;
- hammer;
- screwdriver;
- small spatula;
- construction dryer.
Among the materials, bituminous tiles themselves will come in handy, as well as mastic for creating sealed joints, self-tapping screws, roofing fasteners, lining carpet or roofing felt, material for steam, hydro and thermal insulation, double-sided adhesive tape.
The process of installing shingles
The installation technology of this type of tile is known to many masters, as it has long come into use and is used quite often. Installation involves several stages of work - this is the flooring of the lining carpet, the installation of the cornice strip, the laying of the shingles themselves, the design of the roof ridge and pipes.
Installation of the cornice overhang
Step 1. The plank is applied to the edge of the blood, while a small protrusion - 10 cm - is displayed beyond the border of the roof. This is necessary for the correct docking of the part with the gable plank. These elements are required to protect the roof from external factors.
Step 2 The eaves plank is fixed in place with roofing nails in 15 cm increments, which are driven in in a checkerboard pattern. The individual elements of the plank are necessarily connected with an overlap, which should be equal to at least 10-15 cm.
Strap fastening step - 15 cm
Step 4 The lower and upper edges of the plank are bent along the pediment using a hammer. Better to use rubber mallet. Curved edges are additionally fixed with a roofing nail.
Underlay installation
The lining carpet will provide not only good surface for styling shingles, but also additional waterproofing of the roof.
Step 1. The self-adhesive underlayment carpet is laid parallel to the eaves strip of the roof with a plant on it, while about 2-3 cm should remain until the edge of the eaves strip. The strips are glued parallel to the eaves strip so that subsequent pieces of material overlap the previously laid ones. The overlap is at least 10 cm. The strips of material are glued from the bottom up to the surface of the base - this way it will be possible to achieve better protection roofs from leaks. The roll rolls out neatly, and protective film is gradually removed from under it.
Step 2 In the area where the chimney pipe is located, the lining carpet is cut in accordance with its shape and glued with a small factory on it.
Attention! The underlayment carpet is required for laying in the roof valley and on the cornice overhang. If the angle of the roof slope is 18 or more degrees, then the rest of the surface of the base can not be covered with it. If the slope angle is 12-18 degrees, then the entire base will have to be closed, otherwise the roof will leak.
Step 3 Above the location of the self-adhesive carpet, a mechanically fixed carpet can be used. It is rolled out on the roof surface so that its individual strips are overlapped by 15 cm, the same overlap is observed when laying the edge of the material on a self-adhesive carpet that was previously laid.
Carpet end overlap - 15 cm
Step 4 The overlap of the carpet with mechanical fixation on the self-adhesive carpet is made with the gluing of a thermoactive strip. It will provide reliable sealing of joints.
Step 5 The underlayment is fixed using nails and a hammer. It is desirable that the fasteners have a wide cap. Step - 20 cm.
Step 6 All overlaps between the segments of the lining carpet are smeared with a thin layer of bituminous mastic to improve the sealing of the joints. It is most convenient to apply mastic with a metal spatula. The thickness of the composition layer should not exceed 1 mm.
Step 7 After laying the lining carpets, the gable of the roof is closed with a gable strip.
Step 8 The edge of the plank is cut to the shape of the roof.
Step 9 Fixation of the gable plank is carried out with nails hammered in a checkerboard pattern in increments of 15 cm.
Step 10 A lining carpet is also laid in the valley area so that it extends 50 cm from the place of the axial part of the valley to each side of the roof.
Then one of the most important stages of roofing begins - the installation of the tiles themselves. Before starting work, it is recommended to apply markings that will allow you to lay the material neatly and evenly. This is especially important if the roof geometry has an unusual shape.
Step 1. The first row of tiles is mounted at a distance of 15 mm from the bend of the eaves. Before laying, the corner of the first sheet of tiles is trimmed - this is necessary to repel rainwater.
Step 2 WITH wrong side on the tile, which will be located in the first row, a thin layer of mastic is applied along the edge. The composition is also applied to the part that will lie on the gable bar.
Step 3 Smeared bituminous mastic the tile is glued to the place chosen for it. At the same time, it is important to leave 1.5 cm free to the edges of the gable and cornice strips. This is necessary for proper and efficient water drainage.
Step 4 The tiles are nailed with special roofing nails, which are equipped with a wide hat. The first nail is hammered at a distance of 2 cm from the edge of the material.
Step 5 Each tile shingle is fastened with 5 nails, of which 2 are hammered along the edges, the rest are evenly distributed in the middle of the shingle.
Step 6 In places of adjunction to the gable part of the roof, each tile in subsequent rows is smeared with bituminous mastic.
Step 7 The second row of shingles must be laid with shingles offset relative to the first. The offset can be 15-85 cm. The second row of tiles is laid with an overlap on the first, previously laid.
Step 8 A special valley carpet is laid in the place of the valley. The material is rolled out so as to cover the entire valley with itself. WITH reverse side the edges of the material are smeared with mastic at a distance of 10 cm from the edge.
Step 9 Additional fixation of the carpet is made using nails. They are clogged around the perimeter in increments of 20-25 cm.
Step 10 In the valley area, by analogy with conventional slopes, bituminous tiles are also mounted.
Step 11 Along the axis of the valley, the tiles are cut at a distance of about 10 cm using a sharp knife.
Step 12 At the edges, the tiles along the axis of the valley are also trimmed (corners are cut) to repel rainwater. Also, each shingle is smeared with mastic.
Step 13 The other part of the valley is formed in the same way. Thanks to this design, a gutter 10-15 cm wide is formed, along which water from the roof will easily drain into the drain.
Step 14 The edge of the roof (that is, its outer fracture) is made using ridge-cornice tiles. Several shingles are broken on individual elements.
Step 15 The resulting elements have a self-adhesive strip on the reverse side. They are laid sticky side down on the roof edge overlapping each other. The overlap is 3-5 cm. Also, the petals are additionally fixed with nails on each side of the slope - 2 nails per slope. The ridge of the roof is formed in the same way.
Video - Installation of flexible tiles
Installing roll tiles
Rolled tiles are in demand due to the simplicity and ease of installation, as well as the high speed of work. It is also mounted on a perfectly flat solid base.
Step 1. The installation of the eaves and gable strips is carried out by analogy with the previous instructions.
Step 2 To improve adhesion, the surface is treated with a primer.
Step 3 Roll tiles are recommended to be mounted vertically relative to the ridge or eaves of the roof. First of all, the roll is rolled out and a piece of the required length is cut off from it, equal to the length of the roof slope. It is most convenient to cut using a long metal ruler or rule.
Step 4 The resulting segment is tried on in place.
Step 5 To make installation easier, a protective film is peeled off from the upper part of the inside and the rolled tiles are glued to the base in this place.
Step 6 Cornice and gable strips in places where rolled tiles will be laid on them are smeared with mastic.
Step 7 The protective film from under the tile is pulled out, at this moment the tile is pressed against the base.
Step 8 The material is additionally fixed on the base with roofing nails.
Step 9 Similarly, the installation of rolled tiles is carried out in the valley part of the roof.
Step 10 Excess material at the edges is trimmed in accordance with the shape of the roof.
Step 11 In the lower part of the valley, when cutting off excess material, a small figured cutout is left, which will ensure uniform and effective removal roof water.
Step 12 Along the perimeter, the material is pierced with nails. This will additionally fix it in the valley. Step - 15-20 cm.
Step 13 A groove is formed from the material. To do this, another piece of rolled tiles is overlapped on the previously laid segment in the valley.
Step 14 At the top, it is fixed with nails.
Step 15 The next segment is tried on in place. At this point, it is important to ensure that the pattern on the individual segments of the material matches.
Step 16 A protective tape is peeled off from the edge of the rolled tile, the material is pierced along the edge with nails. From the axis of the valley, the last nail is hammered no closer than at a distance of 30 cm.
Step 17 The next piece of material is overlapped on the previously laid one. The protective film is carefully removed from this part.
Step 18 After the valley is completed, the excess roll tiles are cut off. A board is placed under the material layer, which will protect the lower layer from cuts. The distance from the undercut to the axis of the valley should not exceed 7.5 cm.
Step 19 The overlap must be smeared with mastic to increase the tightness index.
Chimney pattern
Step 22 Complex junctions are additionally smeared with mastic.
Step 23 Ribs and skates simple patterns fixed mechanically, that is, with the use of nails.
Step 24 The next elements of the tile overlap the nails of the previously laid pieces.
In this way, you can quickly and beautifully decorate the roof of any small building. Bituminous tiles will provide good waterproofing of the roof and give it an original look.
Video - Installation of flexible roll roofing (tiles)
Roofing works, when the technology of laying soft tiles is used, require the successive performance of several tasks.
The materials used for work, including shingles, must comply with applicable standards and regulations.
Before performing work on the installation of the roof, it is necessary to prepare the surface on which they will then mount roofing material. It can be either a solid surface or made in the form of a crate. For such purposes, various materials can be used. The most commonly used wood.
To create a solid flooring on which flexible tiles will be mounted, you can use moisture-resistant plywood, moisture-resistant particle board, tongue-and-groove or edged boards. When creating such a surface, it is necessary to leave a gap of three millimeters between the individual elements to compensate for the thermal expansion of parts when the temperature changes. Plywood along the edges must be fixed with self-tapping screws or brushed nails.
In order to ensure long service life wooden elements structures, they must be treated with antipyrines and antiseptics.
Both the wind load and the static load from snowfall have a severe effect on roof elements, including soft tiles. When designing a roof, it is necessary to take into account its height, which should be determined depending on the strength and direction of the prevailing winds, the amount of snow falling. Based on these data, you need to use rafters of the required thickness and with the right step. This and also right choice the thickness of the material forming the surface for laying the roof, will allow the roof to withstand the resulting loads. You can be guided by the data given in the table below.
Of great importance for the long-term operation of the roof, including when the technology of laying soft tiles is applied, is the provision temperature regime. This is especially important when under the roof is located residential attic. Such purposes are ventilation and ventilation of the roof. This avoids the appearance excess moisture and mold growth on roof elements. natural ventilation is formed thanks to prudently built-in elements:
- hole for air intake;
- channels or vents for its circulation;
- extraction holes.
Often, the project of the house provides for the siding of the overhangs of the cornice with siding. In this case, it is necessary to additionally install ventilation grilles or so-called soffit strips. They provide air to the vents. If the sheathing is done with clapboard, then ventilation can be provided in accordance with the figure below.
The size of the channels for air circulation is determined by the slope of the roof slopes. At an inclination angle of more than 20 degrees, the air ducts must have a height of at least five centimeters. With an angle of inclination less than 20 degrees, this height should be equal to eight centimeters.
Exhaust elements can be made in the upper part of the roof as follows:
- grate on the exhaust openings on the side parts of the roof;
- ridge aerator;
- hood with access to the roof.
Carrying out the installation of the underlayment
It is carried out to exclude possible roof leaks.
According to current regulations, if the roof slope is more than eighteen degrees (1:3), additional rolled waterproofing material is located along the end and cornice edges of the roof, which are considered the places of the most likely moisture penetration, to a width of at least 40.0 cm from the edge. It is best to bring this material to the surface of the facade. The ridge of the roof is also additionally covered with insulation for a value of at least 25.0 cm on each side.
If the slope of the roof is from twelve to eighteen degrees, an additional layer under the soft tiles is laid over the entire surface of the roof slope. This operation is performed from the bottom up with an overlap between the layers. The fastening of the rolled material is carried out with special galvanized nails with an enlarged head every 20.0 cm. The joints are additionally treated with bituminous mastic.
Before performing work on the installation of the base, if it is provided for by the project, it is necessary to attach hooks to the rafters for the installation of a suspended drainage system.
Laying end, cornice, parts and valleys
At the roof, overhangs must be reinforced with metal end and cornice strips on top of the lining layer. The slats are laid with an overlap, roofing nails are used for their fastening with a step of no more than 12 cm.
Installation of tiles begins with the removal of the protective film, each tile is nailed to the base. A special valley carpet is laid in the valleys. All roll materials are additionally attached to the base along the edges with nails and processed with bituminous mastic.
Laying shingles
If a dormer window is provided, then when installing flexible tiles, it is necessary to mark the slope to ensure proper joining of the shingles after the window.
To ensure that the color of the roof is uniform during laying, tiles are used simultaneously from several packages. Bituminous tiles are laid in rows, from the edge of the roof up to the ridge. Work begins from the bottom of the slope from the center of the eaves in the direction of the gables.
The initial row is mounted in such a way as to ensure the distance between the lower edge of the tile petals and the beginning of the ridge/cornice tiles is 2.0-3.0 cm. row. Cut tiles along the edge gable cornice and treated with bituminous glue to a width of ten centimeters.
Shingles fixing
Laying of flexible tiles begins by removing the protective film from the shingles, then each tile is attached to the base with nails, usually 4-5 pcs. The next layer breaks through the previous one too.
In the future, under the influence of solar heat, the tiles will stick together and stick to the crate.
Connections
Where the roof slope joins the wall, a triangular batten is nailed, and soft tiles are placed on it. A strip of a valley carpet is located on top and is glued with bituminous mastic. The run-out of the strip on the wall should be at least 30.0 cm, and in areas with heavy snowfalls, the run-in should be increased. From above, the junction is lined with a metal apron and treated with bituminous mastic.
Chimney outlets are sealed in a similar way, see the figure below.
With a cross section of a brick pipe of more than 0.5x0.5 m and its location across the slope, in order to avoid the accumulation of snow behind the pipe, it is desirable to arrange a groove.
To conduct antennas, communication pipes through the roof and seal the roof passages, special passage elements for bituminous tiles are used, which are fixed with nails.
The rows of soft tiles laid on the so-called penetration are cut off and then glued to the flange with bituminous mastic. Then, the desired roof outlet is mounted on the passage element.
For this, ridge tiles are used. It is divided into three parts according to the perforation present on it, it is laid with an overlap of five cm. The ridge tile is located with the short side along the slope line.
Work on the installation of soft tiles is carried out in a warm, dry time.
Most of the inhabitants call the roofing of shingles "flexible tiles" or "soft roof", however correct name roofing material "asphalt shingles" - bituminous tiles. Like any roofing, this type of tile requires compliance with installation standards and technological rules. A wide range of this modern roofing material allows you to choose best option at a very reasonable price.
Preparation and construction of the crate
Building materials used in the installation of roofing shingles must comply with regulated standards. Installation technology involves the construction of a high-quality base, to which the roofing material will be attached.
The main requirements for the material of the lathing are the use of tongue-and-groove or clean-cut boards. natural humidity, the width of which is about fifteen centimeters. All joints of mounted boards must be placed on supports.
The length of the crate board should capture at least two spans. In addition, it is necessary to leave a gap between adjacent boards, which is about five millimeters. Such a space allows the wood to expand unhindered with changes in temperature and humidity. The core of the wood should be located outside the structure.
If you intend to use moisture-resistant sheet plywood as a base, then you should pay attention to the dimensions of the spans between the rafters. The joints of plywood sheets should be located on the rafters themselves. In addition, the thickness of the boards and plywood sheets used for lathing depends on the distance between the rafters:
- with a rafter step of 60 cm, optimum thickness board is 2 cm, and the thickness plywood sheet cannot be less than 1.2 cm;
- with a rafter pitch of 90 cm, the optimal thickness of the board is 2.3 cm, and the thickness of the plywood sheet cannot be less than 1.8 cm;
- with a rafter pitch of 120 cm, the optimal thickness of the board is 3 cm, and the thickness of the plywood sheet cannot be less than 2.1 cm.
The arrangement of high-quality ventilation will not allow excess moisture and mold to accumulate on wooden structure. For correct calculation size ventilation ducts slope must be taken into account. With a slope of more than twenty degrees, the height of the vents should be about five centimeters. With a slope of less than twenty degrees, airflows are performed with a height of eight centimeters.
The main exhaust elements should be presented:
- a grate made on the exhaust holes along the roof edges;
- ridge aerator;
- hood, with unhindered access to the surface of the bituminous roof.
A rigid and even base for tiling must be thoroughly impregnated with antifungal agents and protective refractory compounds.
Underlayment
A high-quality and well-made lining will protect the building from the damaging effects of moisture during sudden leaks of bituminous tiles.
The direction and technology of laying the carpet under the flexible roof
Modern building standards provide for the following indicators of the lining layer:
- a roof slope of ≥ 18 degrees implies a ratio of 1: 3 and a parallel arrangement of waterproofing relative to the end and cornice roof edges;
- a roof slope of more than 12, but less than 18 degrees requires an additional lining layer on the entire roof surface.
Overlaps should be taken into account and carried out in the direction from bottom to top.
Installation of roof elements
All roof overhangs need to be reinforced with metal strips. They are supplied over the lining with ends and cornices. Installation is carried out by means of special roofing nails with a step of twelve centimeters.
At the next stage, special self-adhesive tiles are installed, from which the protective film is removed before installation. The tiles are glued end to end along the eaves and then fixed.
If there is a valley in the roof structure, it is necessary to lay a special carpet, which is fixed on both sides. After fixing, the carpet is smeared along the edge parts with bituminous mastic.
Do-it-yourself shingle installation technology
The direct one should start with mixing shingles, which are taken from several packages at once, which allows you to stabilize color scheme the entire roof surface.
endova
When laying shingles, you can use three ways to waterproof the valley:
- the "open valley" method involves the use of roll materials;
- the method of "crossing valley" or "pigtail" involves the use of tiled ordinary shingles;
- method of "inclined valley" or "undercut".
Tile shingle laying instructions
It starts from the bottom of the roof, from the cornice center. The approximate point of the assembly start is located in the middle of the slope. Direct installation of bituminous tiles is carried out in rows in a vertical direction, moving from the central part to the gables.
The first row is laid with a gap of two or three centimeters, which must be located between the eaves tile and the lower tile edge.
The edge of the second row of tiles, laid vertically, must be cut to form a beautiful pattern and mask the fasteners of the first row. If necessary, all tile elements must be cut strictly along the edge of the gable cornice and treated with bituminous glue. The processing width must be at least ten centimeters.
Additional fixing of the laid tile shingles is carried out by means of roofing nails, which should be hammered in two adjacent rows. When hammering, the nail should immediately fix the first and second row. It takes about four to five nails to fasten each shingle.. solar heat allows the bituminous tiles to stick firmly not only to each other, but also to fix on the crate with high quality.
Mounting tiles on the ridge
Most often, for the installation of a roofing ridge, a special type of flexible tile is used, which is called ridge-eaves. Individual elements of this tile have a special perforation that divides it into three segments. Before installation, the film is removed from the adhesive base, and bending along the center line is used for laying.
When laying ridge tiles, an overlap method is used, which should be about five centimeters. The short part of the ridge tile must be placed parallel to the pitched lines. Roofing nails are used as fasteners. The standard consumption of hardware is about four fasteners per element: two hardware on one side and two on the other.
If ordinary tile shingles are used as ridge elements, then you need to carry out a few simple manipulations:
- tiled shingles are cut into trapezoidal segments;
- a building dryer melts the anti-adhesive film on the back of the shingles;
- heated ridge elements are bent along the ridge.
With this method, one tile shingle is able to close about 0.6 running meters. roofing ridge.
To install the aerator tape, special slots should be cut on the sides of the ridge part. At the next stage, grabbing the slots over the ridge, you should fasten it on both sides of the aerator tape. Next, the ridge tile is mounted in any convenient way.
For more information about the installation technology, see the video.
roofing cost
Prices for a roofing device using bituminous tiles directly depend on several circumstances. The maximum value for pricing is the volume of work performed and the provision of related services:
- installation of flexible bituminous tiles with the necessary turnkey components, as a rule, includes:
- performance of ordinary coverage;
- installation of end, cornice and ridge trims;
- arrangement of valleys and junctions.
Such work will cost the consumer 370 rubles per square meter. meter.
An additional foundation device and the implementation of hydro and vapor barrier of the roof costs about 170 rubles per square meter. meter, and the installation of wall and ridge aerators - from 410 rubles per meter. meter.
In addition, as additional work installation of strips, junctions, drainage systems and snow retainers can be performed. The cost of such work depends on the amount of work and the cost of the material.
Summing up
Do not neglect the device of the lining carpet, which protects the roof structure in case of possible leaks.
Roof overhangs must necessarily be reinforced with metal strips of cornice and end type, which are mounted on a layer of lining carpet.
At the junction of the roof slope and walls, a triangular metal rail is necessarily fixed, on top of which a bituminous tile coating is mounted. The next step is to lay the valley carpet. Glue for the tiling device is represented by bituminous mastic.
Roofing made of bituminous tiles lasts a very long time, but every five years it is necessary to carry out high-quality cleaning and washing of the roof with antiseptic detergents. In addition, it is necessary to regularly check the patency of the ventilation openings.
Bitumen roofing is deservedly popular in most countries of the world, Russia is no exception. The buyer has a wide choice: products of large domestic manufacturers: Ruflex and TechnoNIKOL, roofing from a number of European, North American and South Korean companies. IN last years and Chinese manufacturers are showing an active interest in promoting their products to the Russian market.
The bituminous tile represents soft multilayered plates 3-5 mm thick. The basis is fiberglass (in cheap versions, the base is cellulose), impregnated with a polymer-bitumen composition containing a mineral filler. The upper (outer) part of the tile is covered with colored stone chips (basalt or slate), it serves as a protection and determines the appearance of the tile. The lower surface is partially covered with an adhesive layer and protected by a film. In some embodiments, the lower part is sprinkled with fine silicon sand, the glue is partially applied on top.
Sheets of tiles from different manufacturers may have different sizes, but the length of the plates, as a rule, is one meter. Width - 30-35 cm. At the same time, half of the plate is closed by the overlying one, providing a double overlap of the material. The shape and colors of bituminous tiles can be very diverse. Often they imitate natural traditional coatings: wooden shingles, slate stone roofing.
The Russian tile "Shinglas" has this form. Meter length is typical for almost all European manufacturers
In the “table of ranks”, among other roofing materials, flexible bituminous tiles can be attributed to the middle price category. Depending on the quality of domestic market tiles cost between 200-500 rubles per m 2. At a moderate price, the material has quite attractive characteristics:
Bituminous tiles quite successfully imitate natural shingles, decorating this wooden frame. In the upper part of the roof (pictured at the top left) there is a ventilated ridge
- The service life of high-quality shingles is quite long - at least half a century. At the same time, the roof can be operated in the northern Russian regions. The maximum guarantee is given by the manufacturer "Ruflex" from Nizhny Novgorod, all Finnish products are good. On the other hand, when buying cheap products made in Canada, the USA and China (at home, such a roof is sold from 3 USD), you should not expect the same durability from them.
- Since the dimensions of the tiles are small (one row in height), cutting the material even on complex-shaped roofs is practically waste-free. When using molded additional elements (skates, valleys), trimming is also absent.
Flexible tiles are economical in terms of cutting for any shape of the roof
- Flexible tiles are quite easy to install. Don't need to have complex instrument and be highly qualified. It is enough to know the elementary basics of carpentry, follow the manufacturer's recommendations and be careful.
- The bitumen-polymer reinforced material creates a continuous hermetic roof covering on the roof. Unlike sheet materials, there are no gaps. This is of greatest importance in the zone of the valley (groove), where, in the presence of leaks, snow and ice can penetrate and gradually destroy this knot. Bituminous tiles are not threatened. The tightness of the flexible roof requires mandatory ventilation of the under-roof space.
- Bitumen shingles, being a flexible material, allows you to arrange roofing on roofs of rather complex shapes and curved surfaces.
Bitumen shingles are great for pretty complex roofs. The use of plates of different shapes in the same roof (right) allows you to create an interesting pattern.
- Flexible tiles are flexible and can withstand slight deformations of the base without compromising the integrity of the surface.
- Bituminous shingles do not form condensation, dampen rain noise in the best way and are non-conductive (in most cases there is no need for lightning protection). The surface, sprinkled with stone chips, is completely non-slip. You can safely walk on the roof, there is no need for snow retainers.
- The flexible roof has a low weight - 7-9 kg, which saves on the cross-section of the elements of the truss system. On the other hand, rather high requirements are imposed on the base under the roof: it must be strong, solid and even.
- Bituminous roofing is quite attractive, a wide variety of shades and configurations of tiles allows you to diversify architectural solutions houses with pitched roofs.
Foundation preparation
For laying flexible tiles, a solid base is arranged. You can use sheet materials: OSB, moisture resistant plywood. A good option is a solid flooring of even calibrated edged (not tongue-and-groove) boards, between which gaps of about 4 mm should be left. It is imperative to leave gaps, otherwise, when the humidity rises, the wood may swell, the flooring will “rise”. It is also necessary to leave a gap of 3 mm between sheet materials. The best way fasteners - with the help of self-tapping screws, you can use ruffed nails.
Thus, it is necessary to fasten sheet materials. The long side should be parallel to the cornice overhang, and the sheets must necessarily go apart. If boards are used, their joints must also be distributed over different rafters.
OSB and plywood should have a minimum thickness corresponding to the pitch of the rafters:
- With a step of 60 cm, the thickness of the sheet material should be 12 mm, boards 20 mm.
- Step 75 cm - plywood or OSB 15 mm, board 22 mm.
- Step 90 cm - plywood or OSB 18 mm, board 25 mm.
- Step 120 cm - 22 mm and 30 mm, respectively.
- Pitch 150 mm - 28 mm sheet and 40 mm board.
The given figures are valid for the Moscow region, with large snow loads the thickness of the base material will have to be increased.
Solid flooring in this case is made of moisture-resistant oriented strand board OSB (OSB). They are located across the slope and apart.
It will be better if the pitch of the rafters does not exceed a meter. If sheet materials are used, the step of the rafters should be made a multiple of the size. This is 62.5 cm for OSB with a sheet size of 250 cm and 75 cm for plywood with a size of 150 cm, options are possible. With a large distance between the rafters, you will either have to increase the thickness of the materials of the crate (this is not cheap), or mount an additional carrier crate from below.
Roof design option. In this case, a counter-rail and an additional crate are located on top of the rafters, carrying the base for tiles made of OSB sheets.
truss system and materials for the base device are preliminarily recommended to be treated with a fire-retardant composition.
Ventilation device
The bituminous tile - tight, not blown and airtight roofing material. Therefore, the installation of a roof made of bituminous tiles provides for the mandatory organization of ventilation of the under-roof space. If the attic is ventilated, it is enough to do ventilation holes in the pediments. With a combined roof, a counter-rail 35-40 mm thick is attached to the rafters, and the crate is mounted on it. Air channels are formed between the individual core rails. At the bottom, air enters the lining, at the top it exits through special devices: ventilated ridge or aerators. Between the rafter and the counter rail is optional, but it is desirable to lay a waterproofing membrane, since it costs a little.
Under-roof space ventilation schemes. For a simple roof, the most effective and inexpensive option is a ridge aerator
Subtleties of mounting technology
The technology for installing bituminous tiles for different brands is approximately the same, but there are minor differences. The recommendations given are valid for most products. However, after purchasing the material, it is necessary to obtain from the seller the installation instructions for this particular brand of tile and follow it exactly:
- Storm system can be hung on two types of hooks. The first is attached to the skin and does not affect the roof in any way. The second is mounted on the edge of the roof and must be fixed first. It is necessary to calculate the required slopes and place the hooks at the required marks. If necessary, drown them in the base material.
Hooks drainage system option A (left) is fixed before the start roofing works
- The lining layer is made of rolled bitumen or bitumen-polymer material. Many manufacturers offer several options. With small slopes of the roof (on average it is 10-18 °), the entire roof area is covered with lining material. The rolls are overlapped (at least 8 cm on the long side and 15 cm on the short side), the joints are smeared with bituminous mastic. Fasten the lining material with galvanized roofing nails in 20 cm increments.
The scheme of continuous laying of the lining carpet. When laying horizontally, they start from the bottom, the nails are placed along the edge of the canvas in increments of 20 cm
Additional strips of lining material are glued to the valleys and inclined ribs before the general pasting device.
Valleys and ribs must have an additional lining layer: it is mounted at the very beginning
For slopes greater than 18°, a continuous underlay is not required. It is enough to roll the rolls along the contour of the roof (40 cm or more from the edge), in places of fractures (ribs, valleys) and junctions. However, if the "lining" is solid and with a greater slope, it will definitely not be worse.
- Along the gables and cornices, metal cornice strips are mounted on top of the lining layer, from above they will be covered with tiles. Planks should overlap at the junction, the spacing of roofing nails should not exceed 12 cm.
The overlap of the cornice strip is approximately 5 cm, the nails must be placed apart in a checkerboard pattern
If there is a gable (possibly beveled) on the roof of a complex shape, on which it is necessary to organize the flow of water, preventing it from flowing out, it is necessary to form a small ledge under the cornice strip.
- The next step is to glue and nail the valley carpet.
- Now you can proceed to the installation of the cornice strip. It is glued and fastened with nails along the entire lower overhang.
- To carefully stick the main roof, the roof surface will have to be marked. Chalk is most commonly used. Mark the upper edges of the plates with the pitch indicated in the instructions for the purchased tile.
Valley node. It can be seen that there is a lining layer below, a valley strip on top, a cornice strip is glued onto it and, finally, the main roof. Valleys, all fractures and contours are glued with mastic
- We proceed to laying ordinary strips of shingles. The first step is to mix the tiles. The fact is that it can have a different shade in different packages, this is allowed by all manufacturers. In order not to see the difference in color, the tiles must be alternately taken from different packs. Moreover, the packages are selected arbitrarily, and not in order.
The tiles are laid from the bottom up. The slope of the roof in this case is higher than 18°, there is no need for a continuous lining
We start the first row from the bottom, retreating 1-2 cm from the edge. We're filming. As a rule, it is from below and above, on the adhesive layer.
It is better to start installation from the middle, closing the joint of the cornice strip. We step back a little from the edge. Before installation, the protective film is removed where necessary, otherwise the plates will not stick together.
For fixing, galvanized nails with a thin wide hat are used. They are clogged in such a way that the caps are completely covered by the overlying sheets. Fastener location for various types tiles are different.
Do not forget to glue the metal strips and all edges of the roof planes with mastic
- Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the design of the valley. There are two options: open and braided. With open chute ordinary tiles do not bring to a fracture of the valley by 7-8 cm on each side. Attention ! Some "masters" prefer to cut the tiles right on the valley, already pasted. Under no circumstances should this be done. Together with top layer the knife will also damage the valley carpet. This seemingly slight negligence is the cause of the lion's share of leaking roofs.
"Open" valley node. Don't forget to apply glue. In order not to damage the underlying layers, tiles should not be cut on the roof, but on an OSB sheet or board before installation.
A braided gutter is more reliable than an open one. At first glance, its device is more complicated, because the stripes need to be braided alternately, like pigtails. But experienced experts say that with the right approach, this option is easier, since you need to mark and cut less.
The braided valley is laid like a braid: the plates alternately pass through the groove. The overlap on the opposite slope should not be less than 30 cm, and the nails should not be located closer than 15 cm from the fracture of the valley
- The ridge crowns the roof. In most models, this is a strip divided by perforation into separate elements. The details of the ridge are separated, bent in half, the protective film is removed from the bottom of the adhesive layer and fastened with four nails so that they are hidden under the next sheet. Overlap - 5 cm.
Horizontal ridge and slanted rib hip roof issued in the same way
- The junctions of chimneys and vertical walls are pre-pasted with a special carpet (often lining). The carpet is brought up to 30 cm on the roof, 20 cm overlap. It is recommended to install a metal apron on top.
The metal apron is fixed with dowels, the joint with the pipe is sealed silicone sealant
- Typical elements of the passage through the roof (ventilation, antennas) have a special design and complete seals.
Passage seals are fixed with nails, ordinary tiles are glued on top
- Don't forget to make ventilation outlets. The most inexpensive and effective option is a ventilated skate. You can use standard aerators.
The design of the ridge aerator. You can use ready-made, plastic. It is easy to install, but it will cost more.
So, now we see that the installation of a bituminous tile roof is a relatively simple task, however, requiring accuracy and careful observance of the manufacturer's instructions, which you need to have at hand during work. Of the tools you will need: a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, metal scissors, a sharp shoe knife. Facilitate the work and allow the use of screws at the stage of preparation of the base cordless screwdriver. You also need to keep in mind how to mark the roof: chalk for bitumen, pencil for wood.
Bituminous tile (it is also called flexible tile) in Lately is becoming more and more popular. This is due to its high technical and operational qualities, bituminous tiles are quite light, durable, thanks to their flexibility, they can easily be used on a roof of any configuration. Its advantages should also include the fact that the minimum service life is at least 30-35 years, and some manufacturers guarantee up to half a century of operation of shingles.
From the point of view of operation, it is in no way inferior to metal tiles, due to its “softness” it has good soundproofing characteristics. The ease of installation also speaks in favor of choosing bituminous tiles; you can lay bituminous tiles with your own hands. Due to the variety of colors you can choose suitable option for any roof.
What is shingles made of?
As a rule, durable fiberglass is the basis of flexible tiles, on both sides of it there are layers of improved bitumen. On the front surface of bituminous tiles, a layer of mineral material powder is arranged (it performs rather an aesthetic role), and microscopic particles of mineral material also reduce rain noise.
On the underside of sheets of flexible tiles there is a self-adhesive layer and a protective film, which is removed immediately before laying the sheet.
What tools and materials will be needed for the installation of shingles
In order to lay bituminous tiles with your own hands you will need:
- sealant;
- special mastic on a bitumen basis;
- lining carpet;
Instead of a special lining waterproofing carpet, you can also use a regular roofing material.
- the tile itself in the required quantity;
- galvanized roofing nails with a wide head;
- ventilation elements (usually purchased with tiles);
- ridge-cornice tiles;
- shaped elements to strengthen the cornice and the end of the roof;
- passing elements;
- hammer;
- metal scissors;
- a small trowel for applying bituminous mastic;
- tile cutting knife
When calculating the required number of tiles, it must be remembered that the consumption indicated on the pack corresponds to the area of the roof slope at an angle of 45 °.
Technology of laying bituminous tiles
The main disadvantage of flexible tiles can be called an increased requirement for evenness of the base. Due to the fact that the bituminous tile material is quite soft and relatively thin, even a slight unevenness will stand out against the background of the roof, and leaks may also form in this place. Therefore, for the installation of a base for flexible tiles, it is recommended to use only dried edged boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB.
Builders most often prefer oriented strand boards.
After the installation of a flat base, you can proceed directly to laying bituminous tiles.
- On preparatory stage underlayment needs to be installed. Depending on the steepness of the slope, it is arranged either on the entire roof, or only in the most critical places in terms of water resistance - on skates, overhangs and valleys. If the slope of the roof slope exceeds 18°, then a continuous underlayment can be dispensed with.
Laying shingles directly on concrete is prohibited.
It is desirable that the laying of the waterproofing carpet proceed in a horizontal direction, starting from the bottom of the slope, overlapping the strips waterproofing material- 10 - 15 cm. Its installation is also allowed in the longitudinal direction, but from the point of view of waterproofing, this option is worse. Particular attention should be paid to the valley carpet, it is desirable to make it from a single piece of waterproofing material, without joints.
- The cornice and end part of the roof should be reinforced with special shaped elements (metal strips). They must be mounted overlapping with an overlap of up to 5 cm. The planks are attached to the base with nails, the distance between them is up to 12 cm.
Even before laying the shingles, you need to think about fixing the gutter. Sometimes a wooden plank is nailed for this, to which the gutter is attached.
- After strengthening the cornice and the frontal part of the roof, they begin to install the tiles. It is better to mix sheets from several packs beforehand. The fact is that even the tiles of the same batch may differ in color, mixing the sheets will make this difference in shades imperceptible.
Do-it-yourself installation of bituminous tiles begins with the fact that the eaves and ridge tiles are laid on the cornice overhang. It can be purchased separately or you can use ordinary flexible tiles for this, having previously cut off the petals from it.
- Then proceed to laying the main part of the tile. As a rule, hollows are completely lined with tiles before laying the main part. You can do this in parallel with laying the tiles on the slopes, but in this case, in the hollow, the tiles should be ahead of the tiles on the slope by 2-3 rows. Each subsequent sheet in the hollow is glued to the previous one (the overlap is 10 cm).
Along the edge of the roof, the tiles are carefully smeared with mastic (a strip 10 cm wide) and glued to the base. This helps to protect the roof from slanting rain. It is recommended to start laying shingles from the middle or lower corner of the roof slope. Starting from 3-4 rows, you need to pay attention to the preservation of the geometric pattern; to control the correct laying, the roof is pre-marked or a thread mooring is used.
- For the installation of pipes, it is recommended to use special passage elements, they can be purchased together with the tiles. In this case, the passage element is nailed to the roof with galvanized nails, the area around it is smeared with mastic, an appropriate cut is made in the tile and it is glued around the pipe.
- Separately, it is worth considering the adjoining of tiles to brick pipes or vertical walls. In this case, a wooden triangular plank is installed between the wall and the base, to which a flexible tile is attached). To ensure waterproofing, a waterproofing layer is attached to the brick wall (pipe) from above. roll material using a metal bar (the space between the bar and brick wall filled with sealant).
The overlap should normally be at least 30 cm, but in cold climates at least 70 cm.
- The technology for laying bituminous tiles also provides for the installation of a ridge aerator. First, you need to cut the ridge, install the aerator itself on the resulting device, and glue bituminous tiles on top of it.
