DIY monolithic staircase. Step by step: do-it-yourself concrete monolithic staircase Homemade concrete staircase

Not a single residential or industrial building is conceivable without such structural element like a staircase. A series of steps serves as a communication point between rooms located at different levels. She experiences considerable stress every day. Therefore, increased demands are placed on it in terms of comfort, reliability and safety. This article will talk about how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands.

Reinforced monolithic concrete stairs

• Staircase structures can be rectangular, rotary or spiral. But regardless of the type, the concrete architectural element has the following advantages.
• Resistance to moisture, temperature fluctuations and aggressive environments. Therefore, such structures are erected when interior design indoors and outdoors.
• High strength is achieved through reinforcement concrete mixture. The steps can withstand very impressive loads, which makes them incredibly reliable and practically durable.

Monolithic concrete stairs photo

• Concrete stairs provide ample opportunities concerning decorative finishing. Here you can use porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles, wooden planks (parquet, laminate) and other materials.
• No steps required special care and regular impregnation. If a defect occurs on the surface, it is enough to re-fill the area to be restored with concrete.
• Construction of the structure is underway on our own without the use of special or expensive building materials, as well as without the involvement of special equipment and specialists.
• Filled steps are ready for use within 7-10 days. This allows you to use them at all stages of construction, carry tools, materials, etc.
• Since the staircase is erected simultaneously with the construction of the house, in addition to its direct purpose, it plays another role - constructive.
• Among the disadvantages are its impressive weight, massiveness (takes up a lot of space) and solidity - the staircase cannot be dismantled, rearranged or modified.

Concrete grade for staircase structures

• To make concrete stairs, ready-made mortar M200 class B15 or M250 class B20 is usually used. This material is based on fine crushed stone, with the addition of binders, modified additives and other fillers.
• When choosing concrete for the construction of external stairs, it is important to pay attention to the frost resistance (F) and water resistance (W) indicators.

For kneading concrete mortar Brand 250 uses the following proportions on its own:

• 1 part concrete M400;
• 2 parts washed sand;
• 4 parts of crushed stone fraction 10x20 mm;
• about ½ part water;
• 0.7% by weight of cement plasticizing additive C-3.

Mixing the mortar the old fashioned way, using a pallet and a shovel, is incredibly difficult, especially since filling the steps must be done in one go. Therefore, it is recommended to borrow a compact concrete mixer from your neighbors or rent it from construction crews.

First, sand and crushed stone are poured into the device, bulk materials stir for at least 2-3 minutes. Then a plasticizer (in dry or concentrated form) and water are added. All components are mixed for at least 5 minutes.

Important! Poor mixing of all components reduces the final strength of concrete by 20%.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

Staircase design

• If work on the construction of a staircase is carried out independently (without the involvement of specialists), then the project on paper is drawn up on its own. The plan calculates the dimensions of the room, the slope of the structure, its length and width, and also takes into account the presence doorways, method and direction of door opening.
• The construction of a concrete staircase requires special attention angle of inclination. Optimal value this parameter is within 26-37º. A staircase that is too steep can become life-threatening, while a staircase that is flatter will take up a lot of usable space, and it is not particularly comfortable when ascending/descending.

• When developing a project, you must act consistently. First, the number of steps is calculated, then their length, width, angle of rotation, platform parameters, etc. Only with the right approach can we talk about the safety and convenience of the design.

Calculation of stage parameters

• In addition to strength characteristics, such a design must meet operational characteristics. The selected parameters should be as comfortable as possible when ascending or descending while maintaining evenness of step.
• As for the width, it can vary from 0.9 to 1.5 meters. Undoubtedly, the wider the staircase, the more convenient it is, but the area of ​​the room does not always allow the construction of structures of the preferred size. Therefore, when designing, we take into account not only comfort, but also free squaring.

There are average indicators of stages that determine ease of use:

• height 190-220 mm;
• width 250-330 mm.

• To correctly calculate the parameters, use the simple formula 2a+b=640, where: a - step height; b - step width; 640 mm is the average length of a human step.
• Substituting the average data, we get: 2x190+280=660. As you can see from the example, the selected dimensions fully correspond to comfortable performance characteristics.
• Using the Pythagorean theorem, we calculate the length of the march. Here it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the decorative flooring. The result obtained is divided by the height of one step. For example: 3000/190=15.8, which means there are 16 steps for a 3-meter long flight.
• If during the calculations the tenth part is small (for example, it turned out to be 14.3 or 16.4), then it is recommended to take only the whole number as a basis, and distribute the remainder evenly over the height of all steps (the damage to the comfort of ascent and descent will be insignificant).

Important! When calculating, you should take into account the height of the tallest family member. So that when he gets up on the second step he doesn’t hit his head on the ceiling. Here it is necessary to add 400 mm to a person’s height (the average height of two steps without finishing material!)

Formwork for pouring concrete stairs

• Formwork assembly is one of the key aspects of construction. To make the concrete surface as smooth as possible, use moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of at least 20 mm. For the side walls of steps and the formation of risers, edged boards with a thickness of 30-35 mm are used.

• For the bottom surface, take a solid slab. Its installation under the right angle performed using vertical bars or special telescopic stands, which can be rented from construction crews without any problems.
• Since the mass of the concrete mixture is quite large, it makes sense to use metal corners and bars to strengthen the formwork. It is recommended to attach additional reinforcing elements to the bottom of the formwork every 50-80 cm.
• Next, steps are formed using edged boards. When installing, take as a basis inner dimensions, that is, when fixed, the external parameters of each step will be 30-35 mm (exactly the width of the lumber used) greater than the design indicators.
• Wooden elements must fit tightly to each other, the formation of gaps and cracks is not allowed. To prevent the solution from being absorbed into the lumber, it is generously moistened or the walls are protected before pouring. plastic film, as well as any waterproofing material.

Important! When assembling the structure, self-tapping screws are used. Their location should be only external, so that when dismantling the formwork there are no difficulties that could lead to partial destruction of the concrete surface.

Technology for reinforcing concrete stairs

• To give strength to the staircase structure and prevent the edges of the steps from crumbling, reinforcement is carried out. For the work you will need steel reinforcement with a diameter of 8 and 14 mm, knitting wire, as well as a tool for bending and cutting rods, pliers.
• Thicker steel rods are used for longitudinal reinforcement, and smaller diameter rods for transverse reinforcement. At a distance of at least 30 mm from the bottom of the formwork, 14 mm reinforcement is laid in increments of 150-200 mm. To do this, it is enough to place broken pieces of brick or ceramic tiles under it.

• Transverse rods are also laid out at a distance of 150-200 mm from each other. Fixation of the reinforcement in the form of a mesh is ensured by means of a knitting wire, fastened and tightened with pliers.
• For reliability, you can lay out the second row of the finished mesh with 150x150mm cells from 4 mm reinforcement. This layer should be positioned in such a way that the concrete layer covers the metal by 30-40 mm. To ensure such parameters, original chairs are prepared from metal rods.
• If the structure will rest on three sides (top, bottom and side), then reinforcement is laid in advance during the construction of the walls. As a result, the most durable fixation of the staircase from the side is ensured.

How to properly pour concrete stairs

• The concrete solution begins to be poured from the bottom step. The frame is filled in small portions. After filling, tamping is performed with an electric vibrator. This tool will help get rid of air voids that adversely affect the strength characteristics of the finished structure.
• In addition to the vibrator, you can gently tap with a hammer on all sides of the formwork. As a rule, the mixture will settle 2-3 cm from the required level; the deficiency is compensated by a new portion of the concrete mixture. Next, the tamping process is repeated.

• If the solution no longer settles, then the surface is finally leveled with a trowel or rule. Between concreting each step, a break of 10-15 minutes should be maintained, during which time the pressure of the solution drops slightly.
• To move upwards, you can lean a standard wooden stairs or use regular boards. After completion of the work, the concrete is covered with plastic film, which prevents it from drying out prematurely.

Important! During the first 2-3 days, the polyethylene is periodically removed, and the concrete surface is wetted by spraying; a direct stream of water should be avoided.

• The frame is dismantled after 3-4 weeks; it is during this period that the concrete mixture will gain at least 80-90% strength.
• An undoubted advantage concrete surfaces is absolute maintainability. Therefore, if any defects are found after drying, they can easily be corrected by partial “patches” or re-filling. However, in order to avoid financial and time costs, it is better to do it once according to all the rules, putting in more effort and effort.

Decoration Materials

• It is not recommended to leave a concrete staircase without further finishing. After some time, the edges of the steps will begin to crumble. Yes and appearance the stairs leave much to be desired, although many modern styles welcome concrete structures in their original form.
• Depending on the style direction, the steps are lined with porcelain stoneware, ceramic mosaics, and wooden planks. Side walls and the bottom surface of the stairs is usually plastered and then painted.

• For safety of movement, the staircase structure is equipped with fences. Balusters and railings are made of wood and chromed metal. They are distinguished by high decorative qualities Forged Products, which can be called real works of art.

Of all the architectural structures that are found in construction two-story houses, one of the difficult ones is the stairs. Firstly, it should be noted that this element of the room must be highly reliable, meet certain standards for its safe operation, be beautiful and comfortable. Secondly, the most complex of all the proposed structures is the concrete staircase to the second floor. It would be easier to install wood or metal.

Why is this option better than others? Let's start with the fact that concrete tolerates intensive use better than all other materials. Such a staircase does not creak and does not dry out over time. It is possible to implement the most original and non-standard options using concrete mortar.

These can be classic flights of stairs, screw designs or any other compound variations. A wide variety of finishes can be used. Plus, it is a monolithic structure.

As mentioned above, there are many models of staircase structures. Anyone who decides to build this architectural element with their own hands must understand that complex stairs require experience in carrying out this type of work. This is especially true for formwork. It will be very difficult to assemble it exactly according to the shape and geometry of the structure.

Therefore, beginners are recommended to make single-flight stairs to the second floor. But when you master this option, and the end result fully meets the operating requirements, you can move on to more complex structures. For example, to double-flight, screw, and so on.

Photo gallery

Construction stages

Pouring a concrete staircase to the second floor is divided into several stages. Each of them has special requirements.

Calculation

There are certain standards for flights of stairs, determined by SNiPs:

• minimum march width 90 cm;
• height of steps 17 cm;
• step width is 30 cm, this size ensures comfortable climbing the stairs;
• the angle of inclination of the structure itself is 30º, for non-standard solutions, for example, to reduce the size of an architectural element – ​​45º;
• the height of the staircase itself is determined based on all layers (thermal, waterproofing, finishing) on ​​the first and second floors.

There are certain standard ratios of step sizes. In this case, it is believed that the two heights of the step plus its width should vary from 60 to 64 cm.

Concrete staircase– the design is very heavy. Even a small one will weigh at least 1.5 tons. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the structure and build a reliable foundation for it. The calculation here is as follows: the entire structure in the form of a monolith must create a pressure of 1 kg/cm².

The best option is to pour a 10 cm thick concrete screed onto well-compacted soil. If the weight of the structure exceeds 2.5 tons, then it is recommended to pour a separate foundation under it.

This is the most difficult operation in the entire process. To construct the formwork you need:

• boards 30 mm thick or moisture-resistant plywood 20 mm;
• timber 100×100 mm;
• plywood 9 mm thick to create curved surfaces.

If the concrete staircase going to the second floor rests on one of the walls, then this simplifies the assembly process itself. To do this, the contours of the future structure are drawn on the wall exactly according to the dimensions planned by the project and calculations. Beams are installed along them, which are attached to the wall with dowels. The strength of the fastener is very important here, so you can’t skimp on it.

Exactly the same contour is assembled from the wall to the width of the span, which is installed on racks made of timber. After which the two contours are connected along the lower planes with plywood or boards. Next, the contours themselves are connected to each other from above by crossbars made of wooden slats. That is, a rigid structure is assembled without cracks or gaps. Some craftsmen install additional racks under stepped spans, thereby increasing the strength of the wooden structure.

There is a simplified version of formwork construction. To do this, it is necessary to cut stringers from the boards, one of which is attached to the wall, the second is installed on racks. Here it is important to install both elements exactly in the same plane. The bottom of the stringers is lined with plywood.

Stringers are elements of a staircase (also load-bearing) in the form of a comb, if you look at them from the side. The shape of the stringer determines the shape of the steps of the staircase.

Laying the frame

Any concrete structure, including stairs, must meet certain requirements for the strength of the concrete being poured. Therefore, a metal grid must be installed in its monolith, which will serve as a reinforced frame. It is made from reinforcement with a diameter of 8-12 mm.

There are two ways to lay the frame:

• for the entire span;
• in sections, fastening the gratings together with binding wire.

The first option is a little more complicated in that installing the grille is simply inconvenient. You will have to involve several assistants. If a staircase to the second floor is being built from several flights, then only the second option is used. To increase the strength of the structure, you can install a double lattice: one along the lower edges of the stringers, the second along the steps.

Before pouring the stairs to the second floor, it is necessary to form the steps. To do this, strictly in size, it is necessary to install crossbars from boards 30 mm thick, which will represent the sidewalls that determine the height of the step.

Everything is ready, you can pour the concrete solution. For stairs, concrete grade M150 is most often used, which contains cement, crushed stone and sand. The ratio of components may be as follows.

As in the manufacture of all concrete structures, the stairs must be compacted after pouring the mortar. Since the process is carried out at home and with your own hands, you can simply pierce it using a trowel.

Maintenance of the structure after installation

In this condition, the semi-finished staircase should last seven days. After which you can remove the formwork.

Hydration

If the air temperature in the room is high enough (for example, pouring is done in the summer), then it is recommended to water the concrete structure periodically. In some cases, it is even covered with burlap or plastic film.

The thing is that the moisture inside the concrete solution plays a very important role important role. It is this that creates the necessary strength of the concrete itself during the evaporation process. But it should evaporate slowly.

Grinding

After removing the formwork, you need to grind the surfaces using a sander. But there is no need to rush with this operation. To test, try sanding a small area hidden from view. If the crushed stone turns out during the grinding process, this indicates that the concrete has not yet dried well. That is, it did not gain the necessary hardness and strength.

But the flight of stairs can only be loaded after 28 days. It is after this period that the concrete mixture will gain its original strength.

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Making a durable concrete staircase is optimal for private homes. Purchasing materials does not require significant costs; work can be carried out on your own. Before starting construction, it is only important to draw up correct drawing, make calculations, carry out correct preparation. You can build a concrete staircase with your own hands without any particular difficulties: you just need to take into account step by step instructions and recommendations from experts.

Formwork assembly

Before starting work, you need to prepare a groove for filling the marching platform. The depth of the groove should be about 10 cm.

After pouring concrete, the thickness of the flight of stairs will be 15 cm.

Reinforcement of the structure and pouring concrete

The construction of the structure will be reliable only if the reinforcement is correct. Therefore, any monolithic concrete staircase must include reinforcement with a diameter of at least 10-12 mm. They should be placed along the shields at a distance of about 10-15 cm.

At the top, the ladder rests on a slab and reinforcement must be driven into it. The reinforcement is connected to each other with wire.

It is important that the bottom of the staircase rests on the slab in the place where the foundation wall passes (this must be taken into account when planning the house). If the support of a flight of concrete stairs is simply on the slab without support from below, then the slab itself may burst, because the weight of the monolithic staircase is impressive.

Side panels made of boards and timber are installed. Boards are attached to them for constructing steps. Optimal height the steps are approximately 17-20 cm, but it all depends on the angle of inclination of the stairs and the width of the tread. If desired, the contractor can make a concrete staircase to the second floor with slightly smaller or larger transitions. Additionally, the boards of the steps are interconnected to create a durable structure.

After installing the formwork, concrete is poured according to the following scheme:

1. The first couple of steps are filled.
2. A similar filling of steps is carried out up to the main flight. Next, the site itself is filled with solution.
3. Further filling of steps is carried out up to the floor slabs of the second floor.
4. The concrete is compacted using a vibrator (it allows air bubbles in the concrete to be removed).

It is recommended to use concrete grade M250-300. Before starting work, auxiliary supports should be installed to prevent the structure from moving due to an overly heavy mortar. It will be difficult to prepare the required volume of the mixture manually, so you should use a concrete mixer and an assistant. When the correct pouring of the concrete staircase is completed, the contractor will only need to wait for the solution to completely harden.

Features of formwork removal

In order for the ongoing production of a concrete staircase to be completed correctly, there is no need to rush to remove the formwork. It is recommended to remove side boards and step boards no earlier than after 7-14 days. It is advisable to wait 1.5 weeks - this period will be enough for the solution to set well. After another 1-2 weeks, the vertical supports and lower formwork are removed. On at this stage the staircase in a concrete house can be completely used for further construction work.

The given instructions with photos and videos will help you understand how to make a concrete staircase yourself. But it is important to take into account the accuracy of subsequent work. Completely hardened concrete should be sanded, eliminating uneven surfaces. If necessary, you can finish it with wood, tiles and other wear-resistant materials. But it should be borne in mind that the load on the stairs should not be significant.

Concrete stairs have long ceased to be used only in the construction of multi-storey panel or brick houses. Planning construction own home with two or more floors, many, even at the design stage, decide to build a strong and reliable concrete staircase indoors to move between different floors with their own hands.

This option for lifting to a height is very convenient to use, and when planning, you can take into account your own wishes. For example, design the height of the steps, depending on whether there are children or elderly people in the family, or set other desired parameters.

In this article you will learn how to pour concrete on a staircase.

Advantages and disadvantages of concrete stairs

If the main criterion when choosing a method for constructing a flight of stairs is the durability and reliability of the entire structure, then the most likely solution would be to pour the stairs from durable concrete. Such structures have a number of undeniable advantages:

• moisture resistance of the structure both inside and outside the house;
• resistance to fire, especially if the decoration and finishing are also made of fire-resistant materials;
• in terms of reliability and durability, they are comparable to the service life of the house itself;
• silent, the steps of this design will not begin to creak, like wooden steps;
• possibility of diversified designer finishing, decoration with wooden elements, marble;
• There are many options for location, shapes and designs when making concrete stairs.

Concrete in the construction of private houses is several times superior to all other materials used for such purposes.

In this video you will learn how to pour formwork:

They are able to withstand enormous loads and do not require special care or repairs during operation.

Of course, such connecting structures have some disadvantages. These include:

• high labor costs during DIY construction;
• relatively higher price than simple wooden structures;
• significant weight of the concrete structure, requiring reliable foundations below and above, support on the floors, which makes it impossible to erect such a staircase in light frame and wooden houses;
• the long period of construction of the staircase, due to the long hardening of the concrete;
• necessity preliminary calculations and extensive preparation for the pouring process, which includes the production of formwork for the steps.

Despite all the listed disadvantages, the popularity of monolithic concrete stairs in private housing construction does not decrease. Especially when building two- or three-story houses made of aerated silicate bricks.

Necessary calculations of material and dimensions of the structure

Before you begin calculating the parameters for the construction of a concrete staircase in a private house, you should determine its location. Since the concrete structure will be heavy, it must rest on concrete base, so there is a need to pre-fill the foundation for the stairs. It is better to immediately provide a place for constructing a staircase when designing the entire house before starting construction.

You can calculate other parameters of a concrete staircase and understand how to make it yourself. The height of the rise is already known and is equal to the height of the ceilings, so it is necessary to determine the length of the future staircase and its angle of inclination. Maximum permissible angle for construction safe design it is considered 45°, but for convenience it is better to take this indicator around 26-33°.

Having determined the angle of inclination, it is easy to calculate the length of the staircase itself and its projection onto the floor. This can be done using a special calculator or independently, using the formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle, knowing the value of the angle of inclination and one of the legs (the height of the room).

Based on the obtained value, the length of the space under the stairs is calculated. If the room does not allow for such a long structure, it is worth considering an option that includes several flights of stairs.

It is more difficult to build a spiral concrete staircase to the second floor, especially with an offset center, so it is better to trust a specialist.

Moreover, for carrying out correct calculations Knowledge of theoretical mechanics will be required.

It should be placed in such a way that the height of the ceiling above the flight of stairs is approximately 2 meters or more. This will make climbing to the upper floors convenient even for tall people. The recommended width of the structure for a private house is from 80 to 100 cm.

At the next stage, the width and height of the steps are calculated. The steeper the rise of the flight of stairs, the higher and narrower they will be. For a staircase with a small angle of inclination, on the contrary, the steps can be wide and their height smaller. Define optimal parameters you can use tables, a special calculator, or calculate it yourself using a formula showing the relationship between the length of a person’s step, the height and width of the steps.

You need to calculate the quantity correctly the required material

Knowing the height of one threshold, you can calculate their number based on the height of the stairs. And, accordingly, based on the data obtained, determine the width of the step. The main thing is that the parameters of the steps must meet the requirements for ease of movement along them as much as possible.

The obtained values ​​can be adjusted within 5 mm. If the width of the tread is too small and does not allow you to place your foot normally, then so-called overhangs are made.

An important value for a heavy concrete structure is the thickness of the supporting work plate. Its width is determined based on the height and length of the flight of stairs.

Stages of creating a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands

When building a concrete staircase with your own hands, after preparation and calculations, you only have to complete several stages of its creation:

• formwork for the concrete staircase is installed;
• reinforcement is being installed;
• risers are placed (partitions for forming steps);
• pouring concrete;
• stripping.

Preparatory work

Having decided on the dimensions of the staircase and calculated the main parameters, before starting to pour the concrete staircase, prepare all the necessary materials:

• plywood with a thickness of 20 mm;
• edged board – 30-35 mm;
• reinforcement – ​​10-14 mm;
• wire for tying reinforcement;
• self-tapping screws;
• metal corners;
• concrete mixer;
• cement, sand, crushed stone, plasticizer C-3.

Installation of the main formwork

How to make high-quality formwork for stairs? For correct installation formwork for the purpose of subsequent pouring of a monolithic concrete staircase, you should step by step follow all the recommendations specified in the instructions. If the staircase rests on one side of the wall, then before installing the formwork, you can mark the parameters of the future structure on the supporting wall. When designing several flights, it is worth making a groove (recess) in the wall of about 10 cm, on which the transition platform will then rest. The reliability and appearance of the future structure depends on the correct installation of formwork.

At the first stage, a board is installed perpendicular to the floor with a height equal to the height of one step and the planned floor screed. A flat, continuous moisture-resistant plywood with a length equal to the length of one flight rests on it, which will become the basis for concrete slab. Installation of plywood at the desired angle is carried out using beams or special telescopic racks. The beams with parameters 100×100 mm will fully support the weight of the future structure. And to strengthen the formwork you can use metal corners.

The side parts of the formwork for the stairs are mounted to the plywood with self-tapping screws, and all wooden elements should fit tightly against each other so that the filling solution does not get into the existing cracks.

If non-moisture-resistant plywood and boards are used, they should be moistened with water or covered with film to prevent concrete from absorbing into the wooden structure.

Reinforcement

Reinforcing any concrete structure with reinforced concrete increases its strength. The first layer of reinforcement is laid at a distance of about 30 mm from the base of the formwork, and a mesh of rods with square cells 150-200 mm wide and long is constructed. You can place small steps or bricks under the structure. Longitudinal rods can be thicker than transverse ones, since they bear a greater load. Although most often they use reinforcement of the same diameter, for example, 14 mm.

It is recommended to connect the reinforcement together with a special wire; welding can weaken the entire structure. To strengthen the flight of stairs, you can lay out a metal mesh in two layers. In this case, the second row needs to be placed 30-40 mm higher than the first, and it can be made from rods with a diameter of 6 mm with a cell width of 150 × 150 mm.

When laying reinforcing mesh you need to ensure that its edges are at a distance of 20-50 mm from the side formwork. Thus, the rods will be protected by a thick layer of concrete from external influences, which can lead to corrosion and destruction of the reinforcement.

Completion of formwork installation, installation of partitions and risers

After laying the reinforcement, they begin to install risers, which will help to pour evenly and correctly concrete steps. To do this, a rectangle is cut out of a sheet of plywood with a height equal to the height of the future steps or 10 mm more. All panels are cut the same, since all the steps on the stairs will also be the same size. Three parts are attached to the resulting rectangle - support board and two side wooden parts.

The length of the support board will be exactly the same as the length of the plywood riser, and the side parts (lintels) with a board thickness of approximately 100-150 mm are needed in order to attach the resulting part to the sidewalls or wall of the finished formwork base.

Don't forget about the installation of formwork

Having made one riser, you should try it on at the installation site and, if necessary, make changes, and then complete the remaining parts for the formwork of exactly the same size. Attach the jumpers to the sides and wall using self-tapping screws or dowels. The installation of each panel should be accurately measured and adjusted so that all risers are positioned strictly perpendicular to the floor.

The risers should be installed strictly along the upper edge of the step, but they can be located slightly below the lower edge.

This is done in order to create a small barrier for the concrete solution, which will facilitate the pouring process.

Pouring concrete

Having figured out how to make formwork for pouring a monolithic concrete staircase, you can begin preparing the concrete solution and pouring the frame. For construction durable structures choose concrete grade M250-300. And for the construction of a porch made of concrete, it is worth choosing frost- and moisture-resistant materials. The solution for pouring a flight of stairs is prepared as follows:

• half of the water;
• one part of cement M400;
• two parts sand;
• four parts of crushed stone;
• superplasticizer S-3, 0.7% by weight of cement.

Pouring concrete begins with the first stage and gradually moves upward. Having filled the first two stages, it should be treated with a vibrator to remove the air inside the mixture. You can also lightly tap the formwork with a hammer so that the concrete mixture settles and you can add another portion.

Level the surface with a trowel and wait 10-15 minutes, during which time the mixture will harden a little and the next two steps can be poured. If, during further pouring of concrete, the first steps begin to rise under the pressure of the upper ones, they need to be leveled by removing excess concrete.

After pouring the concrete, the finished staircase is covered with polyethylene to prevent rapid hardening. The slower the concrete mixture hardens, the better it will set and the stronger it will be in the end. During the first week, the polyethylene is removed several times a day, and the surface is sprayed with water to avoid cracking of the concrete.

The order and timing of stripping

It takes at least 3-4 weeks for the concrete structure to set and reach its strength. Until the mortar has completely dried and the formwork has been removed, you should not walk along the flooded stairs; to do this, you need to provide other ways to move between floors. For example, using a simple wooden staircase.

A week after pouring, you can remove the formwork boards from the steps. This will allow you to evaluate the quality of the work done and, if necessary, fill the cracks again. After 2 weeks, the side boards are removed, and after another week and a half, you can remove the support in the form of beams and the lower part of the formwork. Now the ladder is completely ready to move along it.

Features of making a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands

When it is already clear how to make a concrete staircase for your own home with your own hands, you need to think over a work plan. Since all spans and flights should be poured at one time, it is worth purchasing or renting a suitable concrete mixer and taking care of attracting help.

The process of installing formwork is also very labor-intensive, therefore, by inviting a specialist with experience in this field, you can avoid many problems in the future. Having made a mistake on preparatory stage or during calculations, it is almost impossible to correct it later.

Having decided to build a reliable concrete structure in your house to reach the upper floors, you can consider a lot of options possible finishing. And after removing the formwork, the staircase can immediately be used to move along it, even without finishing. Possible options construction makes the concrete structure suitable for houses small area, and in a huge cottage it can become a real decoration.

The staircase has accompanied humanity for thousands of years. Still: more accessible and at the same time effective way Civilization has not yet invented moving up and down.

People, as a rule, spend their entire lives building career ladder, we’ll talk about a more pragmatic issue - namely: how to pour concrete stairs.

Before you start doing this important matter How to pour concrete stairs with your own hands, you need to clarify the following fundamental points for yourself:

Important! Be sure to take into account the fact that the arrangement of concrete stairs, due to technological and design features, is possible only when its production is linked with general construction work at the time of construction of the house. Make a concrete staircase just like that or during current repairs in the house, in the vast majority of cases it will not work.

If you do not have experience in making reinforced concrete stairs, then pouring a concrete staircase to the porch would be an excellent opportunity to practice. Let's start with it.

Decorating the porch: first experience

How to fill it with your own strength and reasonable spending?

As a rule, such products have a permanent single-flight structure, are slightly limited in space, are not critical in calculating the static load on the base, and are easily finished with a full range of decorative materials suitable for outdoor use. The production price is also, perhaps, quite attractive.

Preliminary calculations: learning to draw

And in this case, you will not be limited in the choice of design and technological solutions.

Practice and instructions show that a concrete staircase for a porch has the following average parameters:

• step height 17-18 cm;
• the width of the step or as it is also called the stepping plane is 30 cm;
• one-piece staircase design with a combination of steps and risers;
• base - foundation slab or a tape made using classical technology.

A working perimeter is marked on the ground, which reflects the boundary dimensions, design features, places of abutment with other structures of the house, places of reinforcement or connection of stairs using special technological techniques.

Important! At least in the sketch, it is necessary to note the presence and design of fences, canopies, decorative lighting, anti-slip elements and anti-ice systems. Their dimensions, mounting methods, locations of power supply channels and other things. The presence of visual information will be a good help and will allow you to lay down the necessary elements V general design still at the roughing stage.

Construction of the foundation: cheap and not very

A rational solution would be to create a base slab on main anchors. On the one hand, this will significantly reduce the thickness of the base slab, on the other hand, it will save on the amount of reinforcement due to the absence of free or, as reinforcement specialists also call them, “empty” strands.

A root anchor is either a special product or reinforcement vertically buried in the base of the soil, whose cross-section is 2 times larger than the cross-section of the main reinforcement. Main anchors are installed in corners, abutments and other load-bearing structural units.

Strands of horizontally knitted reinforcement are fixed as rigidly as possible to the anchors, usually by electric arc welding. Wire knitting is not recommended.

Attention. For those who want to save on expensive reinforcement, subject to strong parent soil, small sizes stairs and the presence of nearby metallurgical enterprises, it is possible to organize a load-bearing foundation cushion using slag-water technology.

Be sure to ensure that the waste slag has been released from the blast furnace, as electrometallurgical slags are essentially devoid of Portland cement. A significant disadvantage of this method should be considered the longer period of time for maturation of the massif, compared to monolithic concrete according to the classic recipe.

Assembling formwork: Lego constructor in an adult way

Perhaps this is the most crucial moment in the entire process. Not only the aesthetic perception of the future product, but also its strength and durability depends on the fact how carefully and accurately you can put all the elements together.

And since the house begins with a porch, the importance of this element should not be underestimated.

Modern technologies provide for the use of standard inventory prefabricated formwork when performing concrete work, which simplifies and speeds up the process by several orders of magnitude. But due to their high cost, the use of such elements is justified in the manufacture of a series of similar structures.

In other cases, a commercial product is quite sufficient. edged boards“inches” 25 mm thick. Or sheet plastic, if you plan to have radius elements in the staircase design, for example, rounded encircling steps, gates, etc.

Attention. It should be taken into account that a large number of radius elements will create objective difficulties during the subsequent finishing of the finished staircase. Straight-line cutting of ceramics, porcelain stoneware, artificial and natural stone much more technologically advanced than the curved one.

When deciding how to pour a concrete staircase with your own hands, in addition to the edged board, you will need:

• phosphated self-tapping screw with large pitch on wood;
• persistent metal corners for high-quality connection of corner elements, which are easy to make yourself;
• marking square;
• roulette.

Another question: how to pour concrete stairs not only efficiently, but also quickly? It is hardly possible to do without small-scale mechanization.

The most desirable tools are:

• manual a circular saw or a jigsaw with an extended blade 150 mm;
• corded or cordless screwdriver;
• vibration Sander for removing irregularities on planes, transitions, ridges of an already hardened product.

The board is dissolved into its component elements; in this case, during the marking process, the thickness of the mating overlap, equal to the thickness of the board, should be taken into account. Undoubtedly, it is worth taking care of the manufacture of spacers that will ensure that the flat elements remain perpendicular when a load is applied to them when pouring concrete stairs.

Subsequent tiers will fully provide wooden blocks small cross-section, easy to install.

Reinforcement cage set: skeletons in the closet

The old concrete workers gave these unsightly names to the two main operations. A set of formwork was used to “knock together a coffin or a cabinet,” and by lashing reinforcement, a “skeleton” was placed there. And the names are very true in essence.

The life expectancy of the ladder directly depends on the strength and quality of the skeleton. The basic techniques for tying reinforcement are quite widely known and are clearly described.

Let us repeat that it is useful to weld the fundamental nodes using electric arc welding, and the cells of the plane are connected by a loop node with knitting steel wire. Under production conditions, it is subjected to medium-temperature annealing, which causes the steel to have high ductility and softness.

When laying the bottom layer of reinforcing mesh, do not forget to hang it evenly above the “sole” at a distance of at least 30 mm.

Select the thickness of the reinforcing mesh and the mesh size based on reasonable economic needs and the specific design of the product.

When assembling the frame, be sure to cover future technological channels and nests of embedded elements with plugs. At the same time, a pre-prepared technological sketch or drawing of the future product will come in handy.

Pouring a concrete mass: from water to stone

The practice-tested recipe for preparing a concrete mixture is as follows:

• Portland cement (10 parts);
• crushed stone fraction 10-20 mm (30 parts);
• sand mass (20 parts);
• water (7 parts).

Important. The work of pouring concrete on the steps must be carried out in a single operation, without interrupting it over time. Otherwise, the array may not be completely closed artificial stone. Professional concrete workers call this phenomenon “layer cake,” sometimes adding “grandmother’s cake.”

The pouring operation must begin from the bottom, carefully monitoring the preservation of the strength of the formwork structure under the resulting load, and promptly leveling the weakened and displaced spacers. When filling the frame with the mass, ensure that all sinuses and undercuts are well filled, preventing the formation of voids and cavities.

The video in this article shows key points manufacturing technologies and procedures.

The use of a vibrator makes it possible to obtain a denser and higher-quality array. IN extreme cases, you can pour concrete steps without it. How a budget option A hand tamper will also work.

If the first experiment ended successfully, miscalculations and technological nuances taken into account, it is worth moving on to more difficult option, making a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands.

Interfloor staircase: higher and higher and higher

How to pour a concrete staircase to the second floor without involving hired workers, without spending extra money, and having confidence in the quality of the work performed.

Having decided to take such a step, you need to know exactly how to properly pour a concrete staircase, and what not to do, since such critical elements do not forgive mistakes.

Based on the layout of the room and other nuances, you immediately need to decide on the type of staircase that will connect the floors:

Technical nuances: briefly about the main thing

We have figured out the main aspects of the issue: concrete stairs - how to pour them correctly. There are some nuances left:

• In general, making a concrete staircase to the second floor is no different in technology from making a staircase for the porch of a house. The following features should be noted. The grade of ready-made concrete should not be lower than B-15
• As an inert filler for self-cooking For the concrete mixture, it is advisable to use crushed granite stones fr. 5-25 with a minimum content of flaky and dusty inclusions. The use of enriched quartz with a modulus of 0.8-1.1 is encouraged as sand.
• How to fill concrete steps with a solution of such a thick consistency? On initial stage You can’t do without dexterity, and then the acquired skills will do their job, and the concrete will flow like clockwork.
• When preparing the base, you cannot use the floors of the lower floor, thermally insulated using foam plastics, mineral wool, and similar materials. Otherwise, it is necessary to cut off the insulating sandwich and fill in a solid reinforced load-bearing slab.

The location of flights of stairs at angles exceeding critical values ​​is not allowed.

A progressive step when constructing a load-bearing frame should be considered the use of reinforcement not cut, but bent along the profile of the structure.

This reduces the occurrence of internal stresses by an order of magnitude and increases the overall resistance of the load-bearing frame to tearing, fracture and torsion. It is convenient to bend the reinforcing bar using roller-lever devices.

Do not forget about the “one day” rule - that is, the entire structure must be poured at once, without a break in time. Well, remember the order is from bottom to top. This will avoid the appearance of voids and cavities. Video: pouring a concrete staircase can be viewed several times, focusing on important points.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making a concrete staircase with your own hands, subject to basic technological techniques, is not a complicated process.

However, it should be remembered that the domestic legislator clearly regulated the conduct of such work by state standards 9818-85 “Marches and platforms of reinforced concrete stairs”, which must be taken into account when carrying out independent work, and then poured concrete stairs will serve faithfully for many years.