Types of door frames for steel doors. Types of door frames, their features and independent production Doors with a metal frame

Modern technologies allow you to create metal entrance doors of various shapes, sizes and protective characteristics. Steel is one of the most popular materials for the range iron models. It guarantees strength, rigidity of the structure, but requires exact correspondence between the parameters of the leaf and the box, the box and the doorway.

In the first case, in order to eliminate errors during installation, to avoid inconvenience in operation, manufacturers take responsibility for producing the entire set. It includes:

a box from a corner of a closed rectangular or U-shaped(threshold ready or made separately), its components: crossbar, guides;

door leaf made of steel sheets soldered together;

amplifiers - "stiffening ribs": longitudinal, transverse or V forms (sometimes a combination of them), increasing the strength of the web and preventing deformation of its surface;

inner lining;

external facade decoration made of various decorative materials;

a sealant located between the canvas and the skin to increase thermal protection;

fastening systems - hinges: open, hidden, equipped with anti-burglary systems;

platbands;

additional elements: locks, latches, peephole, handles, seals.

Right Ratio the dimensions of the box and the opening can only be guaranteed by competent measurements, as well as further careful selection of the design. Measurements can be performed by both representatives of a specialized company and the customer himself. For this, it is necessary to study existing regulations. All linear values ​​of entrance doors are interconnected, determined by SNIPs and GOSTs, under which the sizes of non-standard models are often adjusted.

What sizes are in Russia?

The linear dimensions of the inlet block structure are affected by technical requirements for the operation of the premises. That's why street doors V country house will always be wider than in an apartment. Openings facing landings and lobbies should not be narrower than the width flight of stairs. This is convenient for moving large furniture, evacuation during emergencies.

The dimensions of the input iron blocks that meet the fire safety requirements of SNiP 210197:

• height - not less than 1900 mm;
• width for residential buildings - from 800 mm, for public (more than 15 people) - from 1200 mm.

The main parameters of the standard dimensions of the block of entrance metal doors are within the limits (in mm):

according to the height of the box - from 2070 to 2370.

According to the width of the door or light opening for the living space:

For single-leaf - from 800 to 1000,

For one and a half - from 1300 to 1500,

For bivalves - from 1910 to 1950,

• According to the thickness of the block (door with a frame):

At brick wall 75 mm - 108;

With standard wooden beam- no more than 120,

IN panel houses – 120-130.

In regulatory documents, the height of the threshold for front door for the home - from 20 to 45 mm. Higher in residential buildings is not allowed: during a fire, it will be problematic for people with disabilities to leave the house.

Compliance with standards guarantees the strength, convenience, durability of metal products.

Options for ready-made solutions for door blocks:

1. For single doors (in mm) - 1980x850, 2030x860, 2050x880, 2050x960, 2070x900, 2100x950, 2100x1000. Small blocks can be used in extensions. The optimal combination of the size of the entrance metal doors and the box is 2500x900.
2. For double doors (in mm) - 2050x1300, 2100x1400, 2100x1500, 2100x1600. With a height of 2000-2300 width standard (in mm):

• 1200 (600 and 600);
• 1600 (800 and 800);
• 1800 (900 and 900).

Thickness and weight of a metal door

In Russia, the door leaf comes in two varieties - from welded sheets fixed to the frame, and solid, more durable.

Final thickness working surface product depends on the number of interconnected steel sheets, corresponds to:

• for apartments - from 1.5 to 2 mm;
• For country houses- 2-2.3 mm.

Thicker canvases are used for fireproof, bulletproof models, but they do not provide for frequent opening or closing.

Thin canvases are used if a vestibule is provided in the house.

In all other cases standard thickness of the whole door is:

• for conventional models - from 60 to 80 mm;
• for reinforced - from 80 to 100 mm.

The final value is formed by additional elements designs:

1. Insulation chambers. It is necessary for residential buildings, because up to 25% of heat is lost through an ordinary door. Depending on the material used by the manufacturer and the number of its layers, the parameters of the required internal space are formed.
2. Sealing circuit. It is used for better tightness, which helps to retain heat and prevent odors from the entrance. Depending on the thickness of the iron doors, 2 or 3 circuits are installed. The design with three sealing circuits corresponds to a door thickness of 80 mm.

Sometimes you have to make a choice between the level of protection and the beauty of the door: any reinforcement, additional finishing entail an increase in its weight, which should not exceed 250 kg. The limiting values ​​​​of the thickness of the canvas of ordinary and all reinforced models already weigh more than 200 kg.

To reduce the load on the box, to prevent deformation of the web, these models are mounted not on two, but on three or four loops.

Non-standard doors

Non-standard doors include doors that do not match in shape, thickness, height, decorative solution(glass inserts) and the number of amplifications with average values ​​of the norm. The permissible parameters of such models are fixed by separate articles of GOSTs and SNIPs.

Blocks with side and top transoms made to order. The width of their working passage corresponds to a single or double door, the steel reinforcement of the central structure starts 120 mm from the edge of the opening. Typical dimensions single leaf arched door- 2000x800 mm.

One and a half doors- the narrow sash closes with a latch and opens as needed. With a height of 2000 or 2300 mm, the width is (in mm):

1. 1200 (400 - stationary sash, 800 - working canvas or 300 and 900);
2. 1400 (600 and 800 or 500 and 900).

• Atypical doors also include fire and armored doors:

1. Fire-fighting thickness - 70 mm, armored - 100-120 mm;
2. Dimensions (in mm) - 1200x1900, 1200x2050, 2500x2500.

Non-standard entrance openings apartment buildings must be approved by the BTI. The decision will largely depend on the thickness of the walls of the house, on which floor the redevelopment is planned. In a private building, where we can talk about the supporting structures of the house, you will need to order a project from a specialized organization.

Independent actions without permits will lead to seizure of real estate, an administrative fine.

Metal-plastic and aluminum doors

Today under the general name Iron door hides several views, including multi-camera models. These include:

1. metal-plastic- has a strong protection system, light enough in weight, is available with double-glazed windows different area and volume. When strengthening the profile, such doors are installed in "thermos houses".
2. Aluminum- the lightest of all metal, with or without double-glazed windows. Thermal protection is high, increased wear resistance. 7 times stronger than wood, 2 times stronger than metal-plastic products.

Complicated calculations of the box and canvas are not made, the technologies allow the production of blocks of any size and immediately in the kit. From steel structures differ only in thickness - 95-120 mm. The more voluminous metallic profile the warmer. Due to the lightness of the material, no additional loops are required even at extreme values.

In cottages, entrance blocks are equipped with a push fitting, a lock along the contour, which guarantees a tight fit, and an aluminum threshold of 40 mm. Double-leaf doors can be used with a sash connection.

The selection of the frame to the opening is carried out according to the same principles as for steel entrance doors.

GOST of other countries

European models attract Russian buyers with their design and relative ease of construction. Lighter steel is used for their production. Dimensions comply with DIN regulations, which are guided by the architectural traditions of Europe and are based on the anthropometric data of individual regions. Based on them, people in Finland are taller than in the south of the EU, so the standard entry height for Finns will be higher than in Italy.

There are differences among countries in terms of width. French standard for single leaf doors (in mm): 690, 790, 890, 990. Spanish standard (in mm): 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000.

Imported products require additional expenses:

• when reworking a block, when an imported canvas is installed in a domestic box;
• when reducing or increasing the entrance opening.

The warranty period for products is much longer than that of Russian ones - up to 10-20 years, but foreign manufacturers in overwhelming cases cannot ensure the fulfillment of obligations outside the European Union.

Furniture companies operating in Russia or for a long time, at least 5 years, trading in the local market, take into account discrepancies in standards, offering to eliminate inconvenience already turnkey solutions. Some manufacturers make batches according to Russian standards.

Chinese models in their parameters coincide with domestic GOSTs.

The supplied models have:

• in height - 2050 mm;
• in width single-leaf - 860, 960 mm, one-and-a-half - 1200 mm.
• in different batches even of the same manufacturer size door frames may have a significant difference and vary from one delivery to another. Trust is caused by joint Russian-Chinese production facilities, where all products are quality tested according to Russian standards.

How to make the correct measurement?

Before taking measurements, it is necessary to dismantle the old doors, including the architraves. If necessary, remove the threshold.

Rigid metal structures need smooth walls, therefore, with the help of the level, the degree of curvature of the walls is determined. In the case of a large curvature, they are aligned to the standard size of the entrance metal door with a frame, taking into account technical clearances. The same actions are performed with the threshold.

After that, the length, width and depth of the opening are measured with a tape measure. The width and length values ​​are taken from the base of the wall, the results obtained are compared with the reference ones. The clearances are checked.

The opening of non-standard sizes is adjusted to the GOST values: they are expanded with a perforator, a grinder, or they are narrowed to predetermined values ​​with high-quality cement and leveled. The deviation of the plane should not exceed 3 mm along the entire length or width.

What else needs to be considered?

There are technical gaps between the opening, the box and the canvas. They are necessary in order to easily carry out the installation of the unit, to ensure the free movement of the door.

When calculating door block this free space is not taken into account, but its presence is assumed:

The inner perimeter of the box is larger than the outer perimeter of the main door structure (excluding the influx) due to gaps:

In the upper part - 3-5 mm;

In the lower part - 6-8 mm;

In width - from 3 to 6 mm to each side.

Door block height = corner or pipe width (30-35 mm) x 2 + door height + gaps.

Door block width = corner width x 2 + door width + gaps.

• The entrance opening should be larger than the door frame on each side:

In height - no more than 5 mm at the narrowest point of the opening,

Width - 2 mm.

Doors can open both inwards and outwards. In the second case, it is important to ensure that in the open state they do not block the staircase, electrical panels, do not block the entrance to the neighbors' apartment.

The entrance door is a burglary-resistant structure consisting of a door frame to which a movable metal or wooden leaf is attached. When closing, the door is tightly fixed in the box with a locking device or lock.

The article will tell you what a metal door frame is, its design features and installation method.

Before proceeding with the choice of design and material for the door frame, it is worth getting acquainted with their types.

Products are classified:

• By appointment. They are:

1. input. Mounted at the entrance to the building from the street.
2. Apartment. Installed at the entrance to the apartment (see). Additional protection of the driveway allows you to finish the outside of such doors. To do this, you can use wood, laminate, mirrors.
3. Front doors. They are used for administrative buildings and private houses. The designs differ in the presence of a transom, several wings with non-standard sizes, spectacular decorative elements.
4. Office. These are apartment doors, but with an increased degree of security, and a prestigious appearance front door indicates the status of the company.
5. Technical. These are the simplest designs of metal doors installed on initial stage construction, and in various establishments that require an extra layer of security. It can be: warehouses, archives, cash desks.
6. Tambour. Are put on stairwell, close the entrance to several apartments at the same time. Such structures provide additional protection from penetration, increase heat and sound insulation, delay the ingress of dirt and dust into the apartment. Can have simple design, one locking mechanism crossbar type and modest decoration.
7. Special: fire-fighting and. They do not deform for a certain time when high temperature, from bullets. GOST R 51072-97 indicates certification methods and methods for testing the quality of such structures.

Below are examples of the design of doors for various purposes:

• By way of opening. Doors can open: outside or inside the room, as seen in the photo.

• In terms of burglary resistance. Security doors are divided into 13 classes according to their resistance to intrusion.

Tip: For a household door with the best performance, you should choose the fourth class.

Door frame features

After getting acquainted with the main types of door structures and their purpose, it is necessary to choose the right door frame design.

The reliability of a metal door depends on:

• material door leaf.
• number of castles.
• How to install hinges.
• The type of door frame used to hang the canvas.

Tip: To ensure the safety of the house, first of all, you should choose and install the door frame correctly.

Main varieties metal structures presented in the table:

The main reasons for making metal doors with your own hands include:

• Not standard sizes opening.
• The embodiment of the original idea of ​​the designer.
• The use of special materials.
• Saving money.
• Ability to produce a high quality product.

Opening preparation

Preparatory activities include:

• Acquisition of the necessary tool.
• Removing the old box.
• Determining the dimensions of the structure.

To complete the work you will need:

• Portable circular saw.
• Ruler and tape measure.
• Hacksaw with small teeth.
• Hammer.
• Keys.
• Metal scissors.
• Building level.
• Electric drill.

Tip: When making a metal box or purchasing a finished one, you need to adjust the opening. To increase it, part of the wall is cut down with a grinder. When reduced, use additional frame from a channel or a square.

How to resize the doorway correctly shows the video in this article.

Production of a metal door frame

Tip: Before proceeding with the manufacture of the structure, it is necessary to measure the opening and make sure that it consists of a solid brickwork or concrete, and not from a layer of plaster or plywood.

After taking measurements, a design drawing is developed indicating overall dimensions, binding parameters for installing a lock, hinges, embedded strips, for attaching a box in an opening.

• The metal profile selected for the product is cut at an angle of 45 ° on both sides of each part.
• The accuracy of cutting is checked by connecting the elements into a frame and applying a joiner's corner at the corners.
• When assembling a frame from pipes, the parts are welded into a rectangular structure. At the same time, the diagonals are checked to avoid its distortions.
• After welding, all seams are processed with an angle grinder. This will ensure a snug fit of the box in the opening.

Door frame installation

The frame is installed before the doors are installed, which is determined technological features installation. When performing work, it is necessary to minimize the likelihood of deformation of the structure, which is ensured proper storage and transportation of all elements. After preparing the opening and making the box, you can install the doorway.

Work instructions include:

• Installing the box in the same plane as the door opening.
• Control of its position by the building level.
• Fixing the frame with anchors, steel reinforcement or embedded plates.

• Doors are hung.
• The course of the canvas is verified.
• Technological gaps are closed. This can be done by foaming mounting foam, or laying cement mortar.

• After the mounting foam has dried, the excess is cut off.

• The door leaf is installed, and its operation is checked for the absence of rubbing.

When installing a metal door, you should follow some rules:

• When installing the box in the opening, it is necessary to place wooden wedges between them, which ensure the adjustment of the position and strong fixation.
• The anchors used to fasten the frame must have sufficient bearing capacity to work with the load from the mass of the frame and the hinged door.
• Checking the movement of the door leaf, Special attention should be given to the absence of its spontaneous movement, great effort when opening and closing, rubbing the doors against the threshold or frame.
• When sealing with mounting foam or cement mortar technological gaps, it is better to paste over the surface of the frame with masking tape, which will prevent contamination of the surface of the box with mortars.

Metal door frames are selected according to the given height and width of the opening, the thickness of the door leaf and its design. The choice of door material depends on the appearance of the whole house, the family budget and the need for security against burglary.

Today they are used in the design of: hotels; industrial premises; shopping centers; office buildings, as well as in healthcare facilities and other premises where the coating on standard wooden boxes does not withstand the flow of visitors or personnel and quickly loses its appearance, becoming unusable due to chips and other mechanical damage. A typical example of such an application is hospitals, polyclinics and other medical institutions where doors are damaged by wheelchairs or wheelchairs during the transportation of patients. These door blocks are equipped with metal frames that allow doors to be installed after the repair is completed, without additional finishing of the slopes. It should be noted that doors with metal frames are much more expensive than ordinary ones, which, given the limited budget for repairs and construction, can be an important factor when placing an order.

Door blocks are completed as: angular metal box(with a solid metal trim), a block metal box (without a trim, for installing the door block inside doorway), and enclosing a metal box (with a metal casing on both sides). At the same time, the door frame has a powder coating, the color closest to the color of the door leaf (RAL coloring).

Wooden doors with metal frame can have various purpose and different performance.

In our version of the execution of such doors, the leaf of the door unit is made with the following types of coatings: natural veneer, RAL coloring, plastic coated CPL, also laminated with a finish film.

The door block with a lightweight leaf, the filling of the leaf is honeycomb.

Door block with reinforced leaf, filled with extruded chipboard.

The door block is fireproof, the filling of the leaf is a fire-resistant plate.

The door block is pendulum. Depending on the purpose of the canvas can be both lightweight and reinforced

The design of the door leaf can be either with or without a fold, depending on the requirements of the Customer.

The boxes use high quality sealant.

The doors that we supply are equipped with high-quality fittings from well-known world manufacturers, including SIMONSWERK hinges made in Germany.

Door hinges SIMONSWERK do not require any maintenance after installation. This became possible due to the use of only the highest quality materials. The main element of the hinges is the bearing, made of self-lubricating material. All types door hinges SIMONSWERK are equipped with anti-burglary corner stops as standard.

We can also complete wooden doors in an aluminum box of various modifications.

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Steel systems according to GOST 31173–2003 consist of 2 parts: an outer box, which is a static rectangular frame, and an inner leaf, which opens and closes during operation. These structural nodes have many characteristics, including dimensions. If these indicators are important for the sash, when an overall sofa is brought into the house or apartment. - Then the dimensions of metal doors with a frame, more precisely, the width and height play a role at the installation stage - the structure must enter the opening, and with minimal gaps. When choosing a block, these parameters are taken into account first of all, which can be both standard and arbitrary.

Standard sizes

Entrance systems are structures in which the dimensions of the canvas, box and opening are completely dependent on each other. All these parameters are standardized and, if necessary, the width and height of one element can be used to easily calculate the geometry of 2 others. If the standard parameters of a 1-leaf sash are 2.0 × 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.8 / 0.9 m, then the corresponding size of the door frame of a metal door is 2.071 × 0.67 / 0.77 / 0.87 / 0.97 m. It is obvious that the outer element is longer and wider than the inner one, respectively, by 71 and 70 mm. This principle also applies to 2-floor standard models: 2.0 / 2.3 × 1.202 / 1.402 / 1.802 m versus 2.071 / 2.371 × 1.272 / 1.472 / 1.872 m.

Similarly, the geometries of openings and frames are interdependent, between which mounting gaps of 15 – 20 mm are arranged along the perimeter. The former are diverse, since buildings erected both 1 year and 20, and 40, and 100 years ago are in operation - it is not surprising that various building standards were in effect at different periods of time. Modern steel systems, presented in the Dvermet MSK online store, are dimensionally suitable for niches in houses of any age.

On the modern market, the most popular systems are: 0.88 × 2.07 m and 0.96 × 2.07 m. They fit well into most entrances. Or without affecting the reinforcement, they allow you to increase the niche.

Custom sizes

If for apartments it is almost always possible to choose standard sizes of entrance metal doors with a frame, then with private houses the situation is slightly different. These buildings are often built according to special projects, so the geometry of the openings is very different. Such niches are provided both for 1-leaf systems, and for 2-leaf, one-and-a-half, with side blind inserts, with upper transoms. As a result, it is not always possible to find ready product- it remains only to apply for an individual order. It is carried out after measurements of the opening, and the final one - without slopes, plaster and other layers.

In order to obtain the results by which a block with a frame is selected, corrections are made to the geometry of the opening. When installing the product, mounting gaps of 1.5–2.0 cm are arranged on all sides. It is these numbers that are subtracted from the previously obtained data.

Dimensions of fireproof metal doors with a frame

Online store "Dvermet MSK" offers to purchase fire fighting systems DMP EI 60, which meet all regulatory requirements, including federal law No. 123. Dimensions of metal door frames: 0.85 × 2.05 m; 0.87×2.05 m; 0.95×2.05 m; 1.3×2.05 m. this product there is a quality certificate.

The dimensions of metal doors are the determining factors that must be taken into account when choosing and installing them. From how accurately the standard for the production of the door and the preparation of the opening for its installation will be observed, taking into account all technical features depends on quality and durability input structure.

Characteristics affecting the dimensions of the door:

• the material from which the door leaf with the frame is made;
• type of door and its purpose;
• opening size;
• manufacturer;
• weight.

What should be the height and width of the doors

The standard, which the dimensions of the front door must meet, is necessarily confirmed by the standards of GOST and SNiP and determined by the metric system. According to it, the size of the entrance opening for residential houses should be from 700 to 1540 mm wide, 2055-2060 mm high and 75 mm thick.

The optimal width indicator is 900-1000 mm.

According to these data, the size of the door leaf is selected:

• width from 600 to 900 mm;
• height 2 m.

Most of the paintings shown on domestic market, has standard dimensions of 800 or 900 mm, excluding the box. According to GOST, the parameters of the box should exceed the parameters of the door leaf by 6-7 cm, which means that the dimensions of the entire door block will be 870 or 970 mm wide and 2070 mm high with tolerance in 10-15 mm.

Also, when calculating the web in relation to the opening, it is necessary to take into account the technical clearance for installation (10-20 mm) and the characteristics of the threshold height (25-45 mm).

Type of door construction

By type of construction doors differ:

• with transom;
• single leaf;
• one and a half;
• bivalve.

Single-leaf are divided into standard and narrow. The width of the narrow ones can reach 600-650 mm. Their installation is permissible only in the case of an atypical building layout as entrance group in a technical or storage room.

Other types of doors are non-standard and large-sized openings are mounted. Double-leaf entrance groups can consist of 2 canvases of the same size or have one wide and one narrow canvas (one and a half).

Width (mm) of one and a half is:

• 1200 (400+800);
• 1400 (600+800 or 500+900).

As a rule, for one-and-a-half structures, the narrow part of the canvas remains deaf and motionless, while for double-leaf structures, both parts of the canvas can be movable. Their width standard in mm is:

• 1200 (600+600);
• 1600 (800+800);
• 1800 (900+900).

The height in this case can vary between 2000-2300 mm. Non-standard designs also include entrance groups with side and top transoms, which are made to order.

Mass indicators: features that affect

It is also important to pay attention to the correspondence of the dimensions of the canvas with the box. The slightest deviations in linear dimensions can lead to difficulties during operation or to a complete replacement of the input group. So, for example, using non-standard doors in height / width or purchasing them separately from the frame, there is a risk that the weight of the metal door deforms the vertical support posts of the frame.

As a result, you may experience:

• difficulty opening / closing the canvas;
• distortion of the door leaf;
• the formation of cracks and drafts.

To prevent this from happening, you must adhere to the following rules:

• it is necessary to purchase a door with a frame from one manufacturer and in one set;
• the thickness of the canvas, as well as its height and width, must correspond to the parameters of the box;
• fixing elements to the door and fasteners of the frame to the opening must be used in a certain amount and selected taking into account the characteristics of the leaf mass.

Mass indicators depend on:

• steel thickness;
• number of stiffeners:
• the presence of a filler;
• cladding type.

The optimal weight of a metal door is 70-80 kg with a box. Characteristics such as insufficient thickness and weight (less than 50 kg), as a rule, are found in Chinese manufacturers and indicate poor quality.

Doors weighing more than 100 kg are heavy-duty structures, but also non-standard and because of this can cause problems during operation.

More detailed information regarding the choice of their dimensions can be found in the video.

Degree of protection

The specific purpose of the entrance group is also a determining factor when choosing the size or arrangement of the opening. This is how standard and technical doors differ: fireproof, armored, soundproof or moisture-proof. The characteristics of special designs significantly enhance the degree of protection of housing.

For example, the thickness is 7 cm, and the armored one reaches 10-12 cm. The dimensions of fire-resistant structures are more impressive and can reach about 2500x2500 mm, which is due to the requirements for their patency during evacuation. Armored ones can also have non-standard dimensions (1200x1900 mm), but more often they are produced with dimensions of 1200x2050 mm.

When choosing the optimal input design, it is very important to consider how much the steel door, its thickness and other overall characteristics. It depends on this whether it will fit the opening and whether it will be able to protect the house from break-ins, cold and drafts.