Each roof, regardless of its design, must be periodically maintained and inspected. Therefore, a special exit to the roof must be arranged for the production of these works. It should be convenient, safe and reliable. The exit device depends on the angle of inclination of the slope, on the purpose of the attic space. There are several ways to climb to the roof. You can climb the usual wooden and metal ladders outside the house, the stairs arranged inside the room, the ladder or ladder inside the house through the hatch in the attic floor and from the attic through the dormer or roof window.
It is also possible to climb to the roof from balconies or loggias using permanent or temporary stairs. There are many ways, but it is important that they are all safe and easy to use.
Roofs with large areas must be equipped with access to the roof SNiP 21-01-97. If the roof area is less than 100 kV m, and the building is one-story, according to fire safety standards, it is allowed not to arrange access to the roof.
- The roof can carry various elements:
- outlet of ventilation systems;
- antennas;
- skylights;
- roof hatches;
- chimneys and other items.
Exits to the roof are carried out in several ways and, depending on the purpose of the under-roof space and the angle of inclination of the slope, they can be divided into:
- vertical outdoor stairs;
- ladders mounted to the wall;
- hatches, insulated and cold;
- sliding stairs;
- roof ladders;
- hatches - windows are cold and insulated;
- roof windows.
Varieties of stairs
External staircases of a permanent type are made of metal and must be firmly attached to the wall of the building. As a material for the manufacture of stairs, a metal corner or corrugated steel is used. These are the so-called fire escapes, which are necessary for buildings with two or more floors. The metal from which the ladder is made must be treated with anti-corrosion compounds. For the safety of children, the lower end of the ladder must be raised above the ground by a distance of one meter.
Such a structure should undergo periodic inspection for its strength, which should be recorded in the relevant documents of the organization serving the building. With the help of such ladders, fire brigades access the flat roof.
In addition, fire escapes high-rise buildings can be placed on balconies, communication between which occurs through hatches in the floor of each balcony or loggia. In residential multi-storey buildings, access to the roof is through attic hatch located on the top floor staircase. In this case, the vertical ladder is made of metal and is attached to the floor of the upper landing, the railing enclosing it and the edge of the attic hatch.
Internal stairs leading to or from the attic attic space on the roof, can be made of various materials both metal and wood different breeds. Metal stairs must have a non-slip, ribbed surface of the steps, and all stairs must have railings for safety.
External stairs made of metal and wood must be treated with anti-corrosion and antiseptic compounds.
Roof ladders for the movement of people on pitched roofs are made in the following sizes: width - 25-30cm, length 40-300cm. To service the chimneys, long ladders are laid along the ridge. In order for these additional elements of the roof not to spoil the appearance of the roof, they are painted to match. roofing.
Access to the roof through the hatch
In multi-storey buildings, the roof access hatch is usually located on the top landing of the staircase. This is suitable for both pitched and flat roofs. With pitched roofs, an exit from the attic to the roof itself is arranged by building a booth or a canopy with side walls.
The hatch box must be attached to rafter system. With a rafter step exceeding the dimensions of the hatch, an additional frame is made of wooden beam, which is attached to the rafters. The distance between the hatch trim and the nearest rafter should be about 7cm.
If it is impossible to establish such a gap, either additional bars are inserted (with a large gap width) or a cutout is made in the rafter leg, while reinforcing the trimmed rafter by setting additional jibs, spacers. On the roofs of a large area, several exits are installed.
The number of exits to the roof is regulated by building codes and regulations in terms of fire safety. The best option is when the exit to the roof in the form of a hatch is located next to the chimney.
In this case, there is no need to install additional ladders for servicing chimneys. If the attic is converted into residential attic, then the hatch, of course, should be combined with the window. In non-residential attic spaces, hatches are installed simple, not insulated.
Currently, manufacturers offer ready-made hatches for exiting through the roof. . The dimensions of finished hatches can vary from 450x450mm to 1200x1200mm. In this case, the design of the hatch cover may be different. This may be a material identical to the roofing material of the rest of the roof, in other cases, the manhole cover may be made of translucent structures. The hatch cover opening mechanism can operate in different directions, and for the safety of those living in the house, the hatch can be equipped with locks or a metal grill with locks.
Exit through roof window
If the attic space is used as residential, then a roof window can serve as an exit to the roof. Manufacturers produce both roof windows for pitched roofs and for flat ones.
But in the case of flat roofs, before putting such a window, it will be necessary to make a box for it, which should have a slope of 15-20 degrees relative to the roof.
Standard windows, which serve as an exit device to the roof for warm attic spaces, are produced with different sizes, but all of them have sealing elements that exclude the possibility of moisture entering the room through the window. Seals are also heat-insulating material.
As sealing elements, special materials are used, which must be laid along the perimeter of the window and be closed with cuffs from above. Cuffs are made of aluminum or copper, there are also more expensive materials such as titanium and zinc. They are designed to waterproof the perimeter of the window and must be hermetically connected to the surface. roofing material roofs.
No matter how beautiful, durable and reliable your roof is, it will still need inspection and maintenance. You can do such work if it has a special exit to the roof through the hatch. The most important thing is that it be comfortable, reliable and ensure the safety of people on the roof. This article will talk about various options access to the roof with the help of hatches and other systems and passage elements.
The exit device will be determined by the purpose of the attic space and the slope of the roof plane. It can be done in several ways - climb the familiar wooden or metal stairs located outside the building. This can be done using the stairs, which are arranged inside the house. Helps you reach your goal ladder or a stepladder, which is attached to the hatch inside the house attic floor. From the attic you can get to the roof with the help of a dormer or dormer window.
When talking about a complete set of roofs, it means not only the structure, which includes the base, the material finish coat And drainage system. If you carefully look at it from the side, then, even without professional knowledge, you can notice the antennas and ventilation outlets located on it. In addition to them, on the roof are placed:
- roof hatches;
- valves and fans;
- passing elements;
- skylights;
- chimney pipes and more.
Existing elements of exits to the surface of the roof are of high quality and are modern products. Among their advantages are:
- attractive appearance;
- reliability and durability;
- ease of use;
- harmonious combination with the finish coating;
- ease of installation.
Application of roof outlets
It is necessary to use various exit elements on roofs that need technological and technical inspection of this important construction Houses.
The following construction projects need a technological exit to the roof:
- mansions;
- residential multi-storey buildings;
- preschool and school institutions;
- houses of tape building;
- public buildings;
- non-residential buildings and structures;
- old houses during the reconstruction.
A technical access to the roof, provided for antennas and elements of the ventilation system, is required for all buildings in operation, regardless of the type and type of roofing. At present, thanks to a wide range of products, it is possible to select components for technical outlets for the desired finish.
The presence and number of exits to the roof is determined during design work on the installation of the roof.
Methods for accessing the roof
The objects that need technological outputs were listed above. You need to have them when you need to do the following:
- produce repair work on the roof;
- clean the roof covering from snow, branches, etc.;
- carry out fire extinguishing work;
- do everything related to the operation of the roof.
Ways to get to the surface of the roof to perform these actions will depend, first of all, on the purpose of the attic space, as well as the angle of inclination of the roof slope. You can get to it using some devices and objects:
- stepladder installed vertically to the wall;
- vertical outdoor stairs;
- insulated and cold hatches;
- folding ladders;
- roof ladders;
- skylights;
- sliding stairs.
Distinctive features of hatches
Roof hatch in multi-storey buildings residential buildings arrange on the top floor in the ceiling above the last stairwell. IN this option the metal vertical staircase going to it is attached to the floor of the landing, the edge of the hatch and the railing enclosing the landing.
When accessing a pitched roof, the hatch is positioned taking into account the pitch of the rafter legs.
Roofs with large areas require the installation of several hatches. Traditionally, manufacturers offer such sizes of these structures - 45x45 cm and 120x120 cm.
The surface of the roof hatch cover is treated with primers and paints and varnishes. The roofing carpet should have the same appearance over its entire surface, so the manhole cover is lined with the material that is used for the finish coat. In some cases, manhole covers may represent a translucent structure.
It should be borne in mind that when designing such an exit to the roof, SNiP requires compliance with a certain distance between the hatch box and the rafters. The piping of the hatch and the nearest rafter should be at a distance of about 7 cm from each other.
Hatches should open in two directions - up and to the side. Gas springs hold the lid in the open position. For the safety of the residents of the house, hatches can be equipped with a lock or have a metal grill with a shutter.
If the hatch is installed in a heated room, then attention must be paid to its thermal insulation properties. It is necessary to exit through the hatch opening using a fixed metal structure.
In the case when during the installation of the hatch it is not possible to exactly comply with the design conditions, then another version of it will additionally require the conclusion of the designer.
In terms of fire safety, the number of exits to the roof is regulated by SNIPs. The best option is the option in which the exit hatch is located next to the chimney pipe. In this case, it will not be necessary to install additional ladders for the purpose of servicing chimneys.
When the attic is turned into an attic living space, the hatch, in this case, is combined with the window. Non-residential attic spaces have simple non-insulated hatches.
Access to the roof through the roof window
In the case when the attic is used as a living space, then it is quite possible to use a dormer window to access the roof. Production launched today skylights, both for pitched roofs and for flat ones. They are used for emergency exit to the roof, as well as ventilation of rooms located in the attic space.
With flat roofs, before a skylight is placed, a box is made under it. In relation to the roof, it has a slope of 10-20 degrees.
Size standard windows, which can serve as an exit to the roof in heated attic rooms, can be different. In most cases, they have dimensions - 66x118 cm, 94x140 cm. All of them are equipped with sealing elements (cuffs) that prevent moisture from entering the interior. Seals simultaneously play the role of a heat-insulating material.
You can ensure the best thermal insulation properties of a roof window if you make the window opening 6 centimeters larger than the box. This will also improve the quality of the seal.
Access to the roof with a ladder
One of the easiest ways to get on the roof is to use a ladder. It is located vertically along outer wall. Such access to the roof, the norms of which prohibit the lifting of children, has limitations. The bottom of the structure must be raised above the ground to a height of 1 meter.
The stepladder should have such a surface of the steps that would not be slippery, and, therefore, safe during the lifting of people. They are made from materials such as:
- corrugated steel;
- reinforcement having a sickle-shaped protrusion.
Because the ladder is often on outdoors, for prolongation of its service life the anticorrosive covering is made. It is made using powder formulations or paints and varnishes.
Access to the roof via an external staircase
To exit to a flat roof, instead of a ladder, an external staircase is often used. In most cases, its design consists of metal and wooden elements that need appropriate antiseptic and anti-corrosion treatment.
External stairs used to access the roof are made of the following materials:
- corrugated steel;
- of stainless steel;
- polished steel;
- impregnated wood wood (oak, ash, beech).
All stairs must be equipped with railings and securely fastened to the walls of the building for safety reasons. Fire escapes made of metal angle or corrugated steel are mandatory in buildings above 2 floors.
Stair structures should be subject to periodic inspection. The strength test is reflected in the documents of the organization serving a particular building. Such ladders are used to access the flat roof of fire brigades.
Climbing to the roof with a folding ladder
The use of folding ladders to access the roof is possible when the hatch has an inner cover that can hide the ladder structure. It has a thickness of up to 66 mm with a dense layer of thermal insulation. With the help of folding ladders they get to the roof from the interior.
Among the types of folding stairs can be distinguished
- scissor,
- sectional.
With the help of sectional roof ladders, you can safely climb to the hatch and descend. They include several segments. They are more popular than accordion-like scissor designs.
Hatches with an inner cover and folding ladders that provide access to the roof, GOST recommends using them to connect rooms with different temperature, i.e. residential and non-residential.
Use of roof drains
A roof ladder is used to access the roof. You can move along it in the same way as on a ladder. The only difference is that the ladder is located on the roof surface.
The ladder can be made in the form of single steps, as well as in the form of a single structure, which includes several steps. A ladder placed along the ridge leads, as a rule, towards the chimney. This arrangement facilitates access to the chimneys during their cleaning and other maintenance.
When the slope of the roof is small, the slope steps are set in increments of 70 centimeters. With a roof slope of more than 30 degrees, this distance is reduced to 35 centimeters.
Steel ladders are not always in harmony with the roofing. For this reason, they are mainly made from wooden blocks.
Roof ladders made for the movement of a person along pitched roof, have such dimensions - width 25-30 cm, length 40-300 centimeters. To avoid that the appearance of the roof will deteriorate from the placement of such additional elements, they are painted to match the existing finish.
If you mount an exit to the roof according to one of the options described above, then you can do everything on the roof necessary work, which will ensure its long-term service and comfortable living of residents.
According to SNiP 21-01-97, the roof must be equipped with an exit if its area exceeds 100 m². At the same time, access to the roof can be arranged from the inside of the room with the help of skylights with opening sashes and special hatches.
What is a roof hatch?
Usually the roof is equipped with opening skylights if the building is multi-storey and the upper floor is residential. In other cases, access to the roof from inside the room occurs through a special hatch in the ceiling structure.
The hatch can be either a non-translucent structure or a roof hatch, performed on a flat and pitched roof. The main requirement is that the window on the roof should open and be safe. Also, the hatch, mounted in, can additionally perform smoke control functions.
Where roof hatches are used
It is highly desirable that each roof be available for inspection and maintenance. The use of special structures reinforced with rafters (bearing system) is one of the most convenient ways to get on the roof of a building.
The exit through the hatch can be designed in various options:
- In the form, the opening structure of which leads to the stairs.
- When a house has a residential or technical attic, called an attic, the exit is through attic hatches.
- On flat roof hatches are made with a slope for rain runoff on a special frame.
- In a pitched attic, the window is installed vertically.
hatch device
The design of the roof manhole is one of the most vulnerable objects. Such a translucent roof must comply with various safety standards and rules:
- Have a solid foundation, and when arranging a flat roof, the slope for the light structure must be at least 20 0.
- Strengthening the hatch is carried out with the help of special rafters.
- Mating parts require waterproofing.
- The insulated lantern that opens from the inside is equipped with controls.
- The stairs leading to the hatch inside the room must be securely fastened.
- Outside of the hatch, supports are laid for safe movement at height, etc.
Professional light box installers know how to make a safe, high-quality hatch that does not fog up. One of the most important nuances- This correct installation moving panels that:
- open up or sideways
- have clamps, shock-absorbing cylinders,
- provide security against unauthorized access.
Dimensions and types of roof hatches
SNiP provides for a window size for access to the roof of at least 45x45 mm. The maximum roof hatch is 120x120 cm.
The standard does not give clear guidance on the cladding of a structure. As mentioned above, the hatch can be made to match the roof or be translucent.
Depending on the device of the roof, several options for lantern structures are used. The most common is type C hatch, which is a light hemisphere obtained by blowing. Such a hatch can:
- made of acrylic or polycarbonate,
- have various forms and sizes
- enter the smoke exhaust system,
- be equipped with manual and automatic opening,
- to be installed on roofs of any type.
If we talk about universal roof hatches, then they are usually used in apartment buildings and lead to the roof from a flight of stairs.
Types of hatches
- Mandatory elements of any home are ventilation hatches, rising above the roof surface with a windproof visor. Ventilation passages remove stagnant air from the room together with other ventilation circuits.
- On the top decks multi-storey buildings often established hatch with vertical metal stairs leading to the roof. At the same time, in order to avoid accidental slamming, the design, as a rule, opens to the side.
- Skylight in the roof often installed in private country house. This design performs several important functions:
- makes up for the lack sunlight and heat on the top floor (especially in the absence of windows in the room), being a source of natural overhead lighting;
- complements the interior and exterior of the house;
- allows you to ventilate the premises and easily maintain the roof;
- a light window in the ceiling for access to the roof serves as an escape route in case of fire or smoke.
- Natural smoke extraction industrial buildings organized through point smoke hatches, which can be independent design or integrated into a strip light. The combined lamp control system is often used for normal ventilation.
- roof access serves as a way to evacuate people from the upper floors of the building in case of an emergency (type 2 roof access hatches are used). This design made of non-combustible material 60x80 cm in size with tearing only upwards. The opening force must not exceed 30 kg.
Special fire safety requirements provide that evacuation through the hatch is only allowed on a flat roof. Climbing up is carried out on a folding stepladder. After reaching the roof, the hatch is hermetically closed, preventing smoke from escaping. Rescue equipment is indispensable when it is impossible to evacuate through the lower floors.
materials
Most often, the sunroof is installed on a metal box made of aluminum or steel. Its outer side, if necessary, is covered with anticorrosive, and inner surface they insulate, sealing the contour associated with the folding part.
The translucent materials of the lantern must be durable and safe. Today, plastics (acrylic, polycarbonate) and tempered or armored glass are used as hatch covers. From the side of the room, the roof structure is covered with a steel mesh.
Depending on the climatic conditions of the region, a transparent lantern can have 1-4 layers. The more layers of material, the higher the thermal insulation properties of the structure.
Sunroof Installation
Modern roofing is a complex multi-layer structure made of various materials. Therefore, the installation of roof elements must be carried out in accordance with the type of construction.
Important! Only experienced specialists can qualitatively install a hatch on the roof, perform reliable thermal and waterproofing. It is also important to adjust mortise closers, hinges, awnings, etc.
Where to buy roof hatches
According to the most favorable price the roof hatch can be ordered from manufacturers who also provide delivery and installation services.
The construction company "Liga-Stroy" manufactures various turnkey translucent structures.
Surely, many people who are engaged in construction are interested in many topics related to the roofing device. The topic of this article has a slightly different angle than the choice of roofing material and its installation. Today we will touch upon such an issue as access to the roof through the hatch and other systems of exits through the roof of the necessary passage elements.
A complete roof consists of more than just a substructure, base sheets and gutter elements.
A safe and functional roof includes various exit elements. These can be passages:
- ventilation systems;
- antennas;
- roof hatches;
- passing elements;
- roof valves and fans.
Modern elements of exits to the roof space are high quality products.
They have the following properties:
- easily combined with roofing;
- have an elegant appearance;
- durable;
- reliable;
- provide ease of installation;
- easy to use.
Application area
Exit elements are used on those roofs where a technical and technological exit to the roof is required.
Technological exits to the roof are provided at the following construction sites:
- mansions;
- residential high-rise buildings;
- houses of tape building;
- kindergartens and schools;
- during the reconstruction of old buildings;
- public facilities;
- non-residential premises.
Technical outputs (ventilation elements and antennas) are applicable in any type of functioning buildings and with various types roofs. The modern range of products allows you to choose components for technical outlets that correspond to the roofing.
Attention. The presence of outlets must be provided at the design stage of the roof.
Ways out
Let's focus on the technological outputs that are required to carry out the following actions:
- repair work on the roof;
- roofing cleaning;
- fire extinguishing;
- roof operation.
There are several ways to reach the roof plane, which depend on the purpose of the under-roof space and the slope of the roof slope.
These include:
- a stepladder located vertically along the wall;
- outdoor staircase;
- folding ladder;
- roof ladder;
- roof window;
- not insulated hatch-window.
Characteristics of hatches
Exit to the roof - a hatch, equip in multi-storey buildings on the top floor above the stairwell. The location of the hatch in roofs with slopes depends on the pitch of the rafters.
According to building codes, the distance between the rafters and the hatch box should not exceed 70 mm. On roofs with a large area, several hatches are installed. The traditional sizes of hatches include structures of 45x55 cm and 120x120 cm.
The roof hatch has a cover, the surface of which is treated with a primer and paint and varnish composition. In order for the manhole cover not to stand out from the entire roofing carpet, it is lined with the main material.
Hatches can open in two directions: to the side and up. Gas springs secure the lid in the open position.
When installing a hatch, great importance is given to its heat-insulating properties if it is mounted on a room that is heated. The exit through the hatch is carried out along a fixed metal structure.
Advice. If the roof design does not allow compliance with the installation requirements, then the conclusion of the designer must be made for the implementation of other options for arranging the hatch.
Roof window properties
The roof window, as an exit to the roof, is installed in the attic. Now manufacturers of skylights offer products for pitched and flat roofs.
Windows perform the following functions:
- ventilation of the attic;
- emergency exit to the roof.
When installing a roof window on flat roof on load-bearing elements a box is mounted, the upper part of the slope of which is 19 degrees. Then a window is placed on the body.
Typically, roof windows designed for heated attic spaces have the following dimensions: 66x118 cm, 94x140 cm.
Sealing cuffs are laid on the edges of the windows at the points of contact with the roofing sheet, which prevents water from flowing and provides thermal insulation.
Attention. To ensure the best thermal insulation properties and quality styling the opening for the roof windows must be 6 cm larger than its box.
Vertical ladder
The easiest way to the roof is a ladder, located vertically on the outer wall. To prevent children from climbing onto the roof, the lower edge of the structure must be 1 m away from the ground.
When arranging a ladder, it is important that the surface of the steps does not slip. For their manufacture take:
- corrugated steel;
- crescent-shaped reinforcement.
As a rule, to extend the service life of the stepladder, they are coated with an anti-corrosion coating using a powder composition or paintwork material.
External staircase device
Many people prefer to use an external ladder instead of a ladder for flat roofs. As a rule, the design of such stairs contains metal and wooden elements requiring anticorrosive and antiseptic treatment, respectively.
For the manufacture of external stairs as an exit to the roof, you can use:
- corrugated steel;
- polished steel;
- stainless steel;
- impregnated oak, ash or beech wood.
Application of folding ladders
Folding ladders for access to the roof are used if there is an inner cover in the hatch, which helps to hide the ladder structure. As a rule, such exits contribute to getting on the roof from the internal space of the structure.
The inner hatch covers that hide are up to 6.6 cm thick and have a dense layer of thermal insulation.
There are several types of folding ladders:
- scissor;
- sectional.
The sectional provides users with a safe ascent to the sunroof and descent. They consist of several segments and are more popular than accordion-like scissor designs.
Advice. The use of hatches with an internal cover and folding ladders is recommended between rooms with different temperature regime(residential and non-residential).
Roof ladders
The exit is provided by a roof ladder, the movement along which is similar to the movement along the ladder, with the difference that the ladder is located on the surface of the roof.
The ladder may consist of single steps or several steps that make up a single structure. A ladder located along the ridge, as a rule, leads from the hatch structure to the chimney, which makes it easier to clean the chimney.
With a small slope of the roof, the steps of the ladder are installed at a distance of 70 cm from one another, with a slope of more than 30 degrees, the distance is reduced to 35 cm.
Steel ladders do not always match the roofing, so in most cases they are made from wooden bars.
Mount any option from the above-described exits to the roof, and you will be able to carry out all full-fledged work on the roof surface for its long-term operation and safety of residence.
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Modern building materials and the latest technologies that are used in the construction of roofs make it possible to radically transform it - to get from it working area, an open gym or a place for organizing recreation and leisure. In any case, this requires not only solid foundation, but also a convenient approach to it.
Access to the roof, which will be distinguished by reliability and convenience, is necessary not only for climbing onto the roof in operation, but also for regular inspection, as well as maintenance. The options for its device are determined by the purpose of the attic and the slope of the roof. Accordingly, you can exit different ways, For example,
- go out on the outer stairs to the roof of wood or metal;
- use the stairs inside the house or
- skylight , through which it is possible to access the roof directly from the attic.
It is also possible to access the roof from the staircase or a fire exit through the balcony.
This is an incomplete list possible ways arrangement of access to the roof high-rise building or any other house with access to the roof. The main thing is to choose the safest of them. And it should also be easy to use.
Roof outlets: what are they for?
Access to the roof is required on roofs where technical or technological inspection is regularly carried out. For example, we can talk about structures such as
- mansions or residential high-rise buildings;
- children's institutions of different age groups;
- non-residential buildings for various purposes, including public ones;
- old houses under reconstruction.
Such outputs make it as easy as possible to perform various works:
- repair;
- to clean the roof from accumulated snow or branches, etc.;
- for firefighting.
That is, almost any that involves the operation of the roof.
You can get to the roof in various ways: through
- ladders installed outside;
- folding or sliding;
- ladders attached directly to the wall;
- roof hatches;
- skylights;
- walking ladders.
Types of exits
Ladder
Certainly, simplest way lifting is an ordinary stepladder. For the device of such an output, there is no need for any additional structures. However, the use of a stepladder is not always practical, moreover, it is unsafe, especially for children. Because of this, the lower edge of the ladder should be located at a height of approximately 100 cm from the ground.
The best option for a stepladder is a sectional one. It consists of an upper and a lower part. The second is attached and has a height of about 150 cm. It is used as needed.
The steps should not be slippery, therefore, special materials are used for treads such as corrugated steel or rebar of a periodic profile, which is easy to distinguish by crescent-shaped protrusions.
The safest step-ladder is considered, which is fixed to the wall of the last floor, connecting the roof with a terrace, loggia or balcony. This design has, perhaps, the only inconvenience - the passage to the exit runs through interior spaces. Metal parts of the step-ladder must be coated with anti-corrosion coatings.
outdoor staircase
A ladder on a flat roof is usually replaced by an external ladder. Most often, steel pipes are best suited for the manufacture of such a structure. Brackets are welded to them as steps.
For treads use corrugated steel or wood that has passed special treatment. Polished or brushed stainless steel is also suitable for such a ladder.
As a safety measure, outdoor stairs are equipped with railings that are securely attached to the walls of the house.
On flat roofs of buildings with two or more floors, such stairs are mandatory. They are used by fire brigades to reach the roof.
Hatches on the roof of the house: distinctive features
Such a solution is considered universal, since on almost every roof structure it is possible to equip access to the roof through a hatch. An exit hatch to a flat or pitched roof is usually equipped on the landing of the last floor, we will place it in the upper floor. Standard sizes roof hatches - 450x450 mm or 1200x1200 mm.
On a note
The dimensions of the hatch can also be non-standard. As a rule, they are made to order. Accordingly, such access to the roof is up to 30% more expensive than ready-made hatches of industrial production.
The place of installation of the exit in the form of a hatch on the slopes of the roofs is chosen, taking as a basis the pitch of the rafters. The hatch box and adjacent rafters, according to SNiP, are separated from each other at a distance of no more than 70 mm. If the gap is large, then it is necessary to install a pair of transverse bars between the rafters and another vertical one to them. It is to him that the box of one of the sides is attached.
If there is a hatch whose width is greater than the pitch of the rafters, then from rafter leg a fragment is cut out and a transverse frontal crossbar is sewn to the cut edges. Through it, the load is transferred to the nearest rafters.
For pitched roofs with a large area, it is more advisable to install several access hatches to the roof. Their number is regulated by SNiP relating to fire safety, and is also dictated by aesthetics appearance Houses.
On a note
The roof hatch, located next to the chimney, is considered one of the the best options devices of similar designs, since in this case there is no need for additional navigation ladders, which are usually used when servicing the chimney.
open various designs in two directions: up and sideways. To fix the cover in the open state, servomotors or gas springs are used. Many manufacturers equip their products special devices, thanks to which it is possible to completely exclude spontaneous slamming of the lid.
The roof looks more aesthetically pleasing if the roofing carpet is uniform, so many people prefer to decorate the cover covering the hatch and design the roof itself in the same style. Transparent lids with glass or polycarbonate filling are also quite popular.
Hatches installed above living quarters require insulation. As for cold attics, hatches above them are installed without the use of heat-insulating materials.
The design of the exit to the flat roof has its own characteristics. These are special superstructures located above the stairs, the so-called booths. Their dimensions are limited by building codes. As a rule, the booth is built of brick. They may differ in design, but they are all covered with a roof. They get into the booth from the house through the hatch, climbing up the stairs leading to the opening. As for the exit directly to the roof, a special opening under the door is provided for this in the wall of the booth.
Roof hatches
In the process of arranging the attic, windows are built into the roof, which, in addition to their direct purpose, can be used as an operational exit. Such windows are more convenient to install on pitched roof structures.
- A roof window on a flat roof with a slight slope is mounted on wooden frame. Its upper plane is placed at an angle of 10–19˚. The frame size should exceed the window by 50-70 mm. In particular, this allows you to better lay the thermal insulation.
- The window exit must be well sealed. For these purposes, sealing cuffs are used. The plastic mass, which is applied to the lower section of the cuff, completely prevents the penetration of moisture into possible gaps and at the same time improves thermal insulation characteristics hatch. The sealing element is usually made of copper, aluminum or a titanium-zinc alloy.
- Whatever the shape of the window, it is important to correctly and thoughtfully position the approach to the window.
- If the roof window is above the floor at a height of up to 100 cm, then it is quite possible to get by with an attached ladder. It is very important to fix it securely. There are many options: - on hinges, self-tapping bolts or simply welded.
- For high windows, the approach is organized by installing standard steps. They must be provided with railings (only on one side).
In order to ensure safety on any operated roof, it is necessary to provide an additional descent. This staircase leads either directly to the street or to the roof of another building.
Folding ladders
The hatch of a folding design, overlooking the attic, has an outer cover and an inner one. The latter actually covers the folded ladder. It looks like a sandwich wooden frame, which is pasted over on both sides of the fiberboard, and a sheet of expanded polystyrene passes between them. Its thickness is 30–60 mm. The thickness of the cover itself varies between 36-66 mm and depends on the layer of thermal insulation.
