Competent construction of extensions for various purposes can not only expand the living part of the house, but also improve its appearance and protect it from wear and tear. The construction of a veranda adjacent to the house, regardless of the type of building, requires careful project development, with the definition of materials and construction technology.
Proper execution and approval of project documentation in state institutions will not only insure against problems with the law, but also help to draw up a plan and estimate for the building.
Design
A typical veranda is a roofed frame structure, erected on a strip or column foundation, with glass or half-glass walls. The statement that the veranda should be built from the same materials as the main building, with the emergence of new styles and fashion trends in architecture, has lost its relevance.
In the photos below - turnkey solutions verandas attached to the house, with various principles compatibility. In some cases, the new extension is made of the same materials and is completely combined with the house, in others the new one is combined with the preservation of common elements - the roof, beams, etc.
There are also projects in which the original design of the extension brings a new architectural touch, updating the exterior.
When choosing materials and construction technologies, one should also take into account the parameters of proper ventilation, moisture resistance and thermal insulation. With full glazing, it is necessary to provide opening segments for ventilation.
If an open veranda is being built, or, as it is also called, a summer terrace, you need to take care of the frost-resistant lining and tilt the floor towards the site.
Designs with removable frames are optimal for year-round use. The installation of large sliding doors will also allow the building to be used in a two-mode version.
In a typical project, the area of \u200b\u200bthe veranda is rectangular and ranges from 10 to 15 sq.m. With smaller areas it will be too crowded, with large areas, additional reinforcement for the roof will be required. Polygonal and semi-circular foundations are also possible.
According to its location, the veranda can be corner, end or front. original solution we can consider the construction of a terrace around the entire perimeter of the house, which can have glazed, open and closed areas for various purposes: they can accommodate an entrance hall, a recreation area, and a large pantry.
Foundation
The foundation of terraces and verandas attached to the house should fit snugly against the main building, but at the same time have independent supports.
The strip foundation is suitable for large and heavy structures; in all other cases, a columnar foundation can be erected. When pouring concrete, you need to leave a gap of 3-4 cm with the main wall, which will subsequently be filled with waterproofing foam.
At the first stage of preparation for construction, the soil is cleared and compacted. Then, corner holes are dug for the pillars along the depth of the foundation of the house (about 1 m on average), a pillow is made of crushed stone, gravel and sand, on which concrete is poured.
After setting, supports are inserted from asbestos or metal pipes. Concrete poles or bricks may also be used. The same method is used to lay high piles for buildings adjacent to the level of the second floor.
Depending on the area and weight of the terrace, intermediate posts may be needed, installed every half a meter.
For foundation belt type a trench of 30-50 cm breaks through, the formwork is laid 15-20 cm higher. Metal bars of reinforcement are inserted into the soil or reinforcing mesh. Concrete is poured onto a layer of crushed stone and sand.
Wooden frame
The frame is mounted from beams or logs with a width of at least 12 cm, which are covered with a waterproofing layer. For the strength of horizontal knitting, experts recommend using fasteners in the foot, while the connection surface will be at an angle. Vertical racks fixed with diagonal interceptions.
At the final stage, the wooden frame is covered with rafters for the roof. For cladding, you can use plywood panels, chipboard boards, etc.
erection wooden veranda- the best budget solution for the prices of materials, but when choosing this type of building, you need a professional approach and knowledge of the nuances of building from a wooden bar.
Other materials for verandas
The construction of foam blocks is being built on strip foundation. It is easy to make such a masonry yourself. Laying is carried out with the help of special glue, with dressing of seams for strength.
When finishing, an internal and external waterproofing layer, plasterboard finishing, wooden shields, moisture resistant wallpaper and paints. The outer surface can be lined with ventilated facades.
Polycarbonate structure construction, modern and attractive option. This material is well combined in buildings with a wooden and brick frame.
For a building that consists entirely of bicarbonate shields, no foundation is needed. The earth can simply be compacted and covered with paving slabs.
The structure is created using aluminum profiles, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of ventilation and drainage of water. Polycarbonate boards and frames various types can be matched to specific requirements for lighting and thermal insulation.
Before you attach a veranda to the house, you need to decide on the functions that it will perform. In addition to the drainage and ventilation systems necessary in any case, the correct connection to the capital structure and the roof structure, the schedule for using this part of the house is important.
Design and construction summer verandas different from the requirements for premises with year-round operation. It is also important to note that any extension will require the same care and renovation as permanent buildings.
Photo of the veranda attached to the house
Terrace - a covered, unheated structure raised above the ground, freestanding or attached to the main task. Such a building, decorated with light garden furniture and flowers, can not only decorate the courtyard, but also become a favorite vacation spot for all family members.
Terrace options
Terraces are:
- open;
- closed;
- partially covered.
An open terrace is an area attached to the house without walls and a roof. Here, in good weather, you can comfortably sit in an armchair and leaf through a magazine or practice yoga. On outdoor terraces, you can often see an elegant hand-forged railing, simple lighting and a sleeve mounted in the floor for attaching a sun umbrella.
Terraces, partially covered, have a light canopy over them, covering either the entire area, or only part of it. It is possible to have decorative half-walls made of light materials
The closed terrace is already a full-fledged, equipped room with many windows and furniture. It can be used throughout the year.
terrace project
For wooden country house used only in the warm season, best option terraces - the construction of a light plank extension, decorated in folk rustic style. The location and shape of the structure depends on the personal preferences of the owners and the layout of the house. The main thing is that it be comfortable in all respects. The most common option is to build a terrace against the wall near the entrance. So it turns out a wonderful room for relaxation, which serves as a hallway and porch. It is also interesting to build a circular terrace along the entire house.
The structure can be erected near the living room or kitchen. This placement is quite convenient, as it allows you to freely carry food and treat guests through the nearest passage.
When a terrace project is being made, the main condition that is desirable to observe when choosing a place is that there should be access to the building itself from the house.
Those who wish to protect this structure from prying eyes can make it from the back of the house. Can be planted nearby beautiful plants and trees. This place will be a pleasure for all family members to relax.
Configuration and size
The dimensions of this design are influenced by the purpose of its use and the occupied area. So, in order to comfortably accommodate two people, it is enough to allocate an area of 120 cm 2. You should calculate the number of family members, take into account the number of invited guests. It is also worth remembering the area that is needed to install furniture: chairs, benches, sun loungers, sofas. And there should still be space for the free movement of people.
The configuration of such an extension can be absolutely any: square, round, rectangular, polygonal. The most common option is the construction of a rectangular terrace. The standard extension width is 2.5 m, and the length is equal to the size of the adjacent wall of the house.
Regardless of the configuration, any design consists of 3 main parts:
- foundation;
- flooring;
- auxiliary elements.
Material selection
Before you build a terrace, you need to choose building materials. The best way save money - use those that remained after the construction of the house. Stones and bricks can be used to build a foundation. If the material will be bought, it is important to choose only the highest quality, since the structures will have to withstand both the scorching heat and the winter cold.
For finishing partially covered and open areas the best option- usage natural stone or its imitation. The advantage of this material lies in the combination of resistance to climatic influences and external beauty. Also suitable plastic panels, cast iron and aluminium.
Closed terraces are most often light buildings, so they are mainly built according to the frame scheme. The most environmentally friendly and comfortable option is the construction of a wooden terrace, where the frame elements are made of timber, and the cladding is made of chipboard or lining. Wood is considered an affordable and easily processed material, but it rots over time, so it requires careful care. Often load-bearing elements frames are replaced with stronger ones steel profile. The terrace extension can be made of lightweight building materials, such as aerated concrete.
The terrace, like the patio, is an open structure on a country plot. It is erected somewhat elevated above ground level or at the floor level of the main building and may have side railings. Sometimes the building is built in the form of an extended porch.
The main task of designing an extension is the harmonious arrangement of the terrace in the landscape design of a suburban area. It is preferable that the terrace plan is included in the overall design of the site. In this case, it is built on a single foundation with the main building. During construction, you can use general materials and constructive solutions. Thanks to overall design buildings, the terrace will organically enter the architectural ensemble.
If it was planned after the construction of the main building, a separate project must be made for the extension.
When designing, one should take into account the climatic features of the area and the state of the soil of the suburban area. Since the structure is planned to be attached to a wooden or brick built house, the condition of its foundation and other structures that will adjoin the terrace is being investigated.
For the construction of an open terrace, registration of permits is not required. Such facilities are considered temporary by law. If a covered terrace is being built with foundation equipment and glazing, it is defined as a veranda. Its construction must be formalized as redevelopment. To obtain permission, the extension project is submitted to the chief architect of the district. Then changes are made to the overall design of the suburban area.
Placement, shape and size of the terrace
The choice of the location of the extension will depend on the convenience of its use, the conformity of the terrace and its protection from atmospheric influences. More often the terrace is attached to front side at home, simultaneously performing the functions of a porch, a vestibule and a place for relaxation and feasting.
If the structure is not tied to the main entrance door, it is equipped from the side of the kitchen or living room, equipping a separate exit from these rooms. This will allow you to serve dishes and invite guests to a table set in the fresh air. In another version, it is located around the perimeter of the house with one or more entrances.
It is better to choose a place for a terrace in the shade of trees growing on the site. If the area near the house is not shaded, preference is given to the eastern or northern side of the main building. But such an arrangement is planned if suburban area refers to a region with hot summer weather.
The size of the terrace depends on the possibilities of the site and the nature of its use. For free movement along it, the width of the extension must be at least 120 cm. The area of \u200b\u200bthe dining area is determined taking into account the number of residents and possible guests. Placing 6 people at a table on the terrace will require about 8 m 2 of equipped area. For additional space for relaxation, the placement of sun loungers or a sofa with free passage is taken into account.
The shape of the terrace is chosen based on the personal preferences of the owners and the free space near the house. An open terrace can have a different configuration - rectangular, rounded or with broken contours. For a closed building, one should take into account the convenience of building a roof over it. For a non-standard shape of the structure, you can use modern glass elements roofs.
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Terrace materials
The main criterion for choosing a material for the construction of a structure is the harmonious appearance of the terrace in the landscape of the territory and compliance with the main architectural style. But at the same time, there is no need to use the same types of materials as when building a house.
Building on supporting columns for the roof can be made of brick, and the balustrade and floor can be equipped with wood. If the house is wooden, the terrace elements are made of the same material. As an exception, roofing and enclosing elements using glass look neutral. They are harmonious against the background of wood, brick or stone. Forged fences fit well into the appearance of only a stone or brick house.
The choice of floor covering of the site depends on the degree of its openness. If special requirements are imposed on the terrace floor - resistance to large temperature differences, high humidity and loads, porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles are used as a coating. The traditional preference is wooden floor. For open types structures, a terraced or deck board. Solid board can only be used on covered areas. The tongue-and-groove connection of the boards prevents the normal runoff of rainwater.
If you plan to build a terrace yourself, you will need a set of the most necessary tools:
- shovels, pit drill, mortar containers - when pouring the foundation;
- circular saw, electric jigsaw and tape measure - for cutting and processing material;
- drill, hammer, screwdriver - to secure it;
- chisel, planer, ax - for fitting wooden elements;
- level, building cord - for correct installation structures.
A veranda is a popular home improvement that not only adds to the overall value of a property, but is also a focal point for outdoor recreation with family and friends. This is the place where barbecues, evening dinners and other social events take place. The ways of using a veranda are as extensive as the types of verandas that can be built. With this in mind, you'll want to carefully consider the available design elements that go into a veranda. Tools and materials: measuring tape, graph paper and pencil, ruler, wooden stakes, level, hammer.
Location
The size and orientation of the lot and the house itself may be limited to just one or two verandas in various locations, however, within these limits, you can have much more choice than meets the eye. You can add retaining walls, a door, make walkways, screen a porch to create a private, personal setting, you can choose from a variety of options just the one that will be most convenient for your use. The climate of the area and the view that you will observe from the future veranda are key factors to consider when deciding where to place your veranda. The north side of your house is likely to be the coolest location. The south and west side of the house is likely to be very hot in mid-summer unless an additional awning is included in the building project, or shade from growing trees is used in the location. You can avoid exposure to winds, if any, by placing your deck on the opposite side, so that the house becomes a defense. In addition, careful placement will allow you to minimize traffic noise, eliminate unwanted glances, and provide additional privacy. If you are considering adding a hot tub or pool to your veranda, privacy considerations for you and your guests can be very important.
Legal regulations
Local zoning regulations - may limit the total size of your veranda, the height of the walls, as well as the minimum distance of the veranda from your house to the boundaries of the site. Structural ordinances - may limit the appearance of a structure. Local building department - may require a building permit and ask for design plans. Local utilities - will help you find the laid pipeline, power lines and similar utility lines.
Size
You can build a veranda of any size you wish, of course within the law. However, a huge deck next to a small house will look the same as a tiny deck next to a big house - wrong. If you think your proposed deck is large for your home, break it down by creating smaller sections on multiple levels. To test your ideas, take measurements on your lawn. Install wooden stakes at the nearest corners of the proposed area of \u200b\u200bthe future veranda and install the longitudinal beam, approximately at the height of the future railing. You can install furniture on the lawn, in the proposed construction area, to visualize how the space will work. The most common mistake people make when building decks is being too small. Tip: If possible, measure your porch in various sizes, larger and smaller. You will have to purchase standard lumber anyway, and there is no point in wasting that material when you could have a bigger deck for the same amount of money.
Form and flooring
A verandah can be any shape you want, in fact, simple changes like a bevelled decking angle or a 45 degree angle can add flair to a building project. You can also add visual interest to your veranda by installing it around the corner of your house, you can install benches, build a fence or sew up the veranda. As a general rule, decking should run within five centimeters under front door to the house. On a sloping site, you can build your veranda with several levels of support to follow the slope. As a rule, where the height of the veranda exceeds 50 centimeters from the ground, the pillars must have additional support to avoid vibrations. A spa or hot tub can be installed on a veranda when the structure is sufficiently reinforced to support the weight of the water, for this, the veranda can be installed directly on concrete slab, on the ground. In this case, the veranda is built around and on the slab. Existing trees or rocks, as well as other landscape elements, can be integrated into the veranda by designing and coordinating the veranda around the elements. If you are building a veranda around a tree, leave at least 10 cm around the trunk of the tree, taking into account the growth of the tree. Around stationary landscape elements, such as boulders, you must leave 20 cm, as the decking can expand and contract in conditions different temperatures and humidity.
railing
Railings are the most visible visual element of the veranda, moreover, they offer great possibilities in the implementation of the imagination and creative ideas. They can be fixed to posts that go into the ground, on the sides, from the edge of the carrier beam, or fixed directly to the deck. They can be made in wood, metal, or even rope - almost all materials are suitable as long as they meet the building requirements and appearance. First of all, the design of your railing will be limited building regulations which are designed to provide security. As a general rule, posts that support railings, in accordance with building code regulations, must be no more than 40 cm apart. Railings should not have voids larger than 4x4. The durability of the railing will also depend on the design chosen. For example, the ends of your railings should be painted or coated with specialized compounds to minimize cracking and splitting.
Steps and stairs
Steps and stair structures are carefully regulated in accordance with building codes. As a general rule, steps and stairs should be at least 36 cm wide. If you want the stairs to allow two people to pass each other, the required width is 48 cm, this solution is necessary to create comfortable conditions. The increase should be no more than 7.5 cm, and the step width should be at least 15 centimeters. Building codes must also be carefully observed in the design of stairs, porch steps, support posts and the need for railings.
Structural Components: There are five main components of a traditional veranda:
Vertical racks. The posts are sunk into concrete or on piles, typically spaced 50 to 80 cm apart.
Horizontal beams. Installed on racks, parallel to the deck, must bear the weight of the veranda.
Bar. It is located between horizontal beams, as a rule, at a distance of 16 or 24 cm from each other. They distribute the weight of the veranda, allowing the deck boards to be used correctly.
Flooring. Boards laid on beams, floor of the veranda.
Railing. Usually 36-42 cm. Materials used, size and distance between components are determined by local building codes.
Material selection
Materials for the construction of the veranda, not only must be resistant to destruction and damage by insects, but also withstand the effects of water and the sun. Standard wooden structures include the use of pine or spruce, which resist decay, but this is not enough in extreme weather conditions or in the ultraviolet rays of the sun. You get similar strength from pressed pine, cedar, or mahogany, and they can be dyed just about any color you want. When using mahogany or cedar, remember that only the core of these trees is resistant to splitting. Colored sapwood loses its qualities as quickly as pine and spruce. If you have a general idea of the future porch, draw one or two sketches, choosing the best ideas from the many ideas. Use the veranda as part of your backyard landscaping and as a design element in your home. Use graph paper to maintain the specified dimension and get all the elements in a suitable scale. Take the sketch to your local builder's market, shop, or wood supplier, and ask for a rough estimate of the cost of the lumber.
What could be better rest outdoors? Only organized, civilized rest with comfort. Most homeowners do not miss the opportunity to arrange such a place to relax in their private yard or on personal plot and attach to the house (or plan even during the construction of the building) a terrace. It is not surprising that in the word "terrace" there is a combination of "terra", which means earth. After all, a terrace is nothing more than a platform located on the ground or slightly elevated above its level and equipped specifically for relaxation. Terraces can be freestanding or attached to the house. In this publication, we will analyze the second version of this versatile, practical and beautiful place for outdoor recreation.
According to the degree of openness, the terraces are fully open, semi-closed and closed. But do not confuse a terrace with a veranda (usually a glazed area attached to the house) - a covered terrace is a structure with a roof, sometimes enclosed by one or two walls of the house, but not glazed.
On outdoor terrace(flooring without a roof) you can also have segments for recreation, places for meals and even children's play areas. But in such cases, it is important to take care of sun protection (especially for terraces located on the south and southeast sides of the building) and provide for the possibility of stretching an awning or using garden umbrellas. Such umbrellas can be portable devices and be mounted anywhere or be part of the table.
Among the terraces adjacent to the house, there are not so many variants in shape - rectangular (the most common type), square, asymmetrical and enveloping the building around the perimeter. The latter become an effective way to organize outdoor recreation, if the area adjacent to the house is small, and the terrace cannot be made wide enough, and several functional segments need to be placed on it (for example, not only a recreation area, but also a sector for dining ).
Terraces are also single-level and multi-level, located at the main entrance or overlooking the backyard. But, as a rule, they try to attach a terrace (or plan to make it initially) on the south side of the building. This arrangement allows you to enjoy the warmth of the sun's rays for the maximum possible number of days a year.
Terrace styles
To date, the most popular styles of terrace design can be considered the following:
- modern;
- traditional;
- colonial;
- coastal (beach);
- country (rustic).
Modern style suggests comfortable minimalism. The slogan “better less, but better” fits perfectly with this style of terrace design. Strict lines, laconic forms, simplicity and functionality in everything. But at the same time, the style is not devoid of comfort and coziness. The furniture on such a terrace is simple, but practical, often designer, original. Decorative elements on the terrace, decorated in a modern style, are completely absent or presented very modestly. Most often, quite functional items are used as decor - lighting fixtures, additional furniture (coffee tables, coasters). For the execution of a modern terrace, durable, but unpretentious in operation and maintenance materials are used - metal and stone, various composites, PVC (it is possible to use high-quality wood imitation).
In turn, the traditional style is not complete without decor. In the construction of the terrace itself, it can be present in the execution of the railing (the use of balusters or forged patterns), the use of skirting boards of various configurations. Instead of supports, you can use columns - hexagonal or round. In order to smooth the corners and, as a result, soften the entire image of the terrace, octahedrons and tongue-and-groove corners are used. Most often in the construction of a traditional terrace are used natural materials- wood and stone. Wood species with a beautiful natural pattern are selected - cedar or mahogany gives pleasant, cozy shades and lasts a long time.
Whether your traditional deck will have railings depends on the height of the decking in relation to ground level, the presence of small children and pets, as well as your personal preferences. If you decide to use a railing to increase the security level of the terrace, then do not forget about the beauty of the execution of this architectural element. Carved balusters in wooden version or forged decor for metal railings - a luxurious decor option for a traditional terrace design style.
The colonial style is based on the use of classical architecture motifs, but with the use of colorful elements. Colonial style is always practicality, coupled with beauty, symmetry and convenience, decorating with flowers and borrowing elements of architecture from the countries of the former colonies. For example, a pergola can be made an accent detail of such a terrace, original bench or snow-white railings with decorative balusters.
If your home is located on the coast of the sea or lake, then the beach or coastal style will be the perfect choice for decorating the terrace. In such a place, as in no other, I want all the buildings to be in harmony with the surrounding landscape, to fit into the overall picture as organically as possible. When making a coastal terrace Special attention should be given to the choice of construction and finishing materials. good decision may be the use of gray composite decking or the use of cedar in combination with painting in gray tone. Of course, a terrace in the coastal part must be built with a view of the water - the sea, a forest lake or a river.
How to equip a terrace attached to the house?
Summer living room
One of the most common options for arranging spacious terraces is to decorate this space in the fresh air in the form of a summer living room. In fact, a second living room is set up on the terrace, with upholstered furniture, coffee tables and even a fireplace in some cases. With the only difference that for summer zone rest is mainly used garden furniture from wood, metal or wicker patterns from wicker, rattan. In order to equip a truly comfortable seating area, garden furniture is accompanied by an abundance soft pillows, special seats with removable covers that can be easily washed in a washing machine.
Outdoor dining area
Any dish seems to taste better if you taste it in the fresh air. Therefore, it is not surprising that the majority of owners of private houses of an urban or country type are trying to provide themselves with the opportunity to eat in the yard. So that you can arrange a family dinner or a reception without fear of rainy weather, it is best to equip dining area on the covered terrace. On the one hand, there is a meal outside, everyone enjoys the fresh air, on the other hand, no one is afraid of bad weather. For the arrangement of the dining sector on the terrace, mainly garden furniture is used, because the presence of a roof over the table and chairs does not protect the surface of the furniture from the usual effects of dust brought by the wind and dirt from our soles, which can smear the legs of the dining group.
Some terraces, in addition to decorating the eating area, are equipped with equipment for cooking. A barbecue area under the roof of the terrace is the best option for providing hosts and their guests with dishes cooked on fire in any weather. Obviously, the cooking area is also designed in a general way with the arrangement of the entire terrace.
Recreation area with swings
Not only hanging beds these days are incredibly popular with many owners of private houses and apartments around the world. Hanging sofas(and it is difficult to call such comfortable seats with soft upholstery and decorative pillows), located on the terrace, allow you to relax in the fresh air with incredible high level comfort. For those who decide to relax on the terrace to the fullest, there is also the opportunity to lie down on the sofa with a slight rocking. Next to such a comfortable and at the same time original swing, as a rule, a small table-stand is installed for the opportunity to enjoy delicious evening tea or put books and magazines for reading in the fresh air.
How to decorate the decoration of the terrace? It all depends on its size and the style of arrangement you choose. But there are also universal options, which are suitable for terraces of all shapes and sizes, stylistic and design designs. Lighting fixtures can become a practical decor. Lighting of the facade of the building refers to utilitarian or functional types, designed primarily to ensure the safe presence of a person near the house at night. But the lighting system is quite capable of serving as a decorative element. Beautiful forged elements of wall lanterns or original, designer designs hanging lamps with plafonds - find your own version of non-trivial execution lighting device every owner can, with any wallet size. The lighting on the terrace should be soft diffused - not to hit the eyes with streams of light, but to create a comfortable, pleasant atmosphere, but at the same time make it possible to move along the flooring with a high level of safety.
Another practical option decorating the terrace is the installation of a fireplace. Obviously, the functional background of this structure is beyond doubt. And at the same time, watching the flames play is an incredibly relaxing pastime. If at the same time you are located in comfortable chair or on a soft sofa, outdoor recreation can be considered highly comfortable.
An ideal option for decorating a terrace is the use of plants - flowering and not only. floor vases, garden pots and mini tubs hanging planters and whole compositions in the form of "living" walls - there are never many flowers on the terrace. Unless you have opted for minimalist roof decking modern style design.
Depending on the location of the terrace in relation to the cardinal points, you may need to protect its space from the sun's rays. You can decorate the terrace in the form of an oriental tent, using light translucent fabrics, or opt for a more standard version and choose ordinary eyelet curtains. The main thing to consider is that the fabric should be easily removed from the eaves and cleaned with a machine wash, because textiles on the street will quickly get dirty.
Some terraces are so small that it is simply not a question of arranging a fireplace, a barbecue area or a place to relax with luxurious sofas. But on any, even the smallest terrace (more like a wide porch with a canopy) there is a place for a couple of small garden chairs, or at least chairs with backs. A terrace of any size can be decorated with flower pots or a small floor vase. Beautiful Street lamp will not only provide the necessary level of illumination in the dark, but will also become decorative element. Both garden chairs and a bright rug in front of the front door can become accent items.
