The content of the article:
Wall insulation is a series of measures aimed at improving the comfort of living in a house by reducing its heat loss. High-quality thermal insulation of enclosing structures allows you to provide the premises with an acceptable temperature and an optimal level of humidity. Modern technologies panel wall insulation provides an opportunity to perform the necessary procedures without temporary eviction of residents and with minimal financial costs.
Choice of wall insulation method
Panel houses compared to brick buildings are much less resistant to sudden temperature changes. In winter, concrete walls freeze strongly, and with the onset of heat, moisture condenses on its inner surface, which contributes to the formation of mold. Under such conditions, the decorative finish of the room can become completely unusable, not to mention the harmful effects of fungal spores on the health of the inhabitants of the home.
The only right solution for concrete panel walls is their thermal insulation, which creates the effect of a "thermos" in the interior of the house. There are two types of wall insulation: internal and external. The choice of any of them depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, living conditions, number of storeys and financial capabilities of the owners.
Owners of private houses have the opportunity to independently perform both external and internal insulation. External thermal insulation It will not be possible to do multi-apartment buildings with your own hands, since on the outside of the house the materials must be laid exclusively by experienced specialists who have a permit for high-altitude work and the appropriate equipment for an industrial climber. Such work is not cheap, so many apartment owners prefer to insulate the panel wall from the inside on their own.
Internal thermal insulation of walls has more disadvantages than advantages. With such insulation, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is reduced by an average of 8-10 cm along the entire length of the walls due to the thickness of the insulation and decorative cladding. During the repair, the full operation of the room becomes impossible. Styrofoam or mineral wool, which is used as a heater, can later cause an allergic reaction of the body.
But most importantly, the insulation laid from the inside insulates Wall panels from the heating system. This means that they are in the zone sub-zero temperatures. As a result, the dew point shifts to the inner surface of the walls, as a result of which condensate accumulates between the insulation and the enclosing structure, which contributes to the development of the fungus. However, with proper internal insulation, many of its negative factors can be minimized.
If it is possible to insulate panel walls from the outside, it is recommended to give preference to this method. It has undoubted advantages:
- The load-bearing walls of the building are covered with insulation and sheathing from weathering and precipitation, which prolongs its service life.
- Due to the transfer of the dew point to the outer surface of the walls, they do not freeze through in winter and keep the room cool in summer.
- The usable area of the room is preserved, which is especially important for small apartments.
- Unlike internal insulation, the room can be fully used during thermal insulation.
External thermal insulation changes the appearance of the facade. Sometimes this requires permission from the authorities.
Selection of material for wall insulation
Wall insulation is carried out using various heat-insulating materials, which differ from each other in their properties, scope and cost. The most popular of them in this case are polystyrene, glass and mineral basalt wool.
Any wall insulation should be distinguished by long-term operation, fire resistance, elasticity, lack of heat loss and the presence of biological protection. Their environmental safety is also extremely important, especially when used for internal insulation of premises, since they do not quality material can adversely affect the health of their inhabitants.
For the right choice, you need to know the properties of a particular insulation. Let's consider them in detail:
- Mineral wool. Basalt stone is used as the main raw material for its manufacture. Wool has a fibrous structure, thanks to which the material retains air, which in itself is an excellent heat insulator. Mineral wool is available in slabs or rolls. It has low thermal conductivity, good fire resistance and durability. Its only drawback will be instability to moisture. Therefore, when installing mineral wool, it needs careful waterproofing protection. The material is used both for external and internal wall insulation in panel house.
- glass wool. The structure of this insulation is made up of thin glass fibers up to 5 cm long. Previously, the material was very popular, but in recent years it has begun to give way to more technologically advanced samples. Glass wool does not burn, perfectly withstands low temperatures, has good soundproofing characteristics and low cost. It is not suitable for rodents and does not support the development of fungus and mold. The insulation is environmentally friendly and elastic: if glass wool is pressed, it quickly acquires its original appearance after being removed from the package. However, compared to other thermal insulation materials, glass wool has a slightly shorter lifespan. In addition, working with it requires the presence of protective equipment for the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Getting on the body, the glass fibers of the material cause severe itching, so it is recommended to lay such a heater in tight clothes and gloves. Special glasses and a respirator will also not be superfluous.
- Styrofoam. This is the most common and economical insulation. There are two types of it: foamed and extruded. They differ in manufacturing technology, appearance and price. The first - cheaper, consists of sintered granules, and the second has a dense fine-meshed structure. Most often, foam is produced in the form of plates. It has excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics, excellent moisture resistance, low weight and durability with proper installation. The disadvantages of this insulation include its fragility, mainly for foamed foam. Therefore, when buying several plates, it is recommended to take in reserve. Styrofoam is combustible material, which, during a fire, releases toxins that are hazardous to health, although it is also difficult to call the fire itself safe. And the last thing: this insulation does not have biological protection, so rodents and mold can appear in it. To minimize the risks with foam, you need to work in a strictly technological sequence.
- Penofol. It belongs to the new generation of thermal insulation. The insulation is made by foaming polyethylene and has a foil coating. It can be used for external and internal wall insulation. Penofol is produced in the form of rolls, it has a small thickness, which does not affect its heat-insulating qualities. It is environmentally friendly, easy to install and compact for transportation. In addition, this material is characterized by high sound insulation, fire safety and low vapor permeability. The insulation is laid using a special adhesive composition.
- Fiberboard. The insulation is made from compressed wood shavings, magnesium salt or Portland cement serves as a binder. Fiberboard goes on sale in the form of plates, coated on top protective film, which counteracts the penetration of moisture into the material and the formation of mold. The material is easy to process and easy to install. After installation on the wall, the fiberboard plates are plastered. After that, the finished coating becomes rigid and durable.
- Cork insulation. The material is used for internal insulation of panel walls. Of all the above heaters, it is the most environmentally friendly. Cork insulation has high strength, low weight, low thermal conductivity. It is durable, multifunctional and resistant to shrinkage. The material is produced in the form of plates. After their installation on the wall, further finishing of the coating can be omitted, it will already have a completely presentable appearance. In addition, cork insulation has good biological protection, which counteracts the appearance of various microorganisms in it. This material It is expensive, but the price more than pays for its merits.
- Foamed polyurethane. For its application to the surface requires special equipment and installation of formwork. The material goes through the polymerization process very quickly, and after its completion it is covered with a waterproofing film. In its structure, the insulation resembles a frozen layer of polyurethane foam. Its strength is low, so polyurethane must be covered with an external finish. Gypsum boards or plywood can be used as an additional hard coating. Due to the fact that the entire structure is mounted on a frame, the usable area of the room will decrease by the thickness of the inner lining.
Preparing the surface of panel walls for thermal insulation
Before insulating walls panel house selected material, it is necessary to prepare them with the preliminary purchase of the appropriate tools. But first you need to determine the source of heat loss through the wall panels. From cold and dampness, as a rule, residents of the lower floors suffer more than others. The same applies to rooms that are located in the end parts of the building. In such places, the largest area of \u200b\u200bcontact of the walls with the outside air and humidity.
Cold can enter the room through cracks in doors and window openings, but the main cause of heat loss is poor quality sealing or destruction of the material interpanel seams. The main indicator of such a defect is the presence of traces of mold in the corners of the ceiling or floor. In addition, the air in the room is constantly damp. Therefore, any insulation of panel walls should begin with sealing the joints between their elements. For this, special silicone-based mixtures are used.
Thermal insulation of panels is recommended during the warm period of the year, preferably in summer. The walls must be dry. Their surface during internal insulation should be cleaned of paint, wallpaper and other decorative finishes. The facade during outdoor work also needs to be cleaned and dried. These procedures are performed using manual and electric tools: spatulas, scrapers, drills with nozzles, industrial hair dryers, etc.
After cleaning the panel walls, they must be inspected for cracks, crevices, depressions and sags. Bumps from the surface can be knocked down with a chisel, and the remaining defects found can be sealed with cement or gypsum mortar. Problem areas before repair should be treated with a primer for better adhesion of materials.
When minor defects in the panels are eliminated, it is recommended to check their surface with a two-meter rail. The gaps between the wall plane and the attached tool should not exceed 2-3 mm. But usually there are no problems, since the factory concrete products are initially even. If necessary, you can perform continuous alignment with a thin layer of putty.
On last step preparation of the walls they need to be treated with a penetrating primer in 2-3 layers. Adhesive composition insulation on such a surface will hold much better. At internal thermal insulation the wall before priming should be treated with an antiseptic to prevent the formation of mold. Each applied coat of primer must be completely dry. After the final drying, you can proceed to the internal or external wall insulation in a panel house.
As mentioned above, the thermal insulation of the walls from the inside creates favorable conditions for condensation to form between the insulation and inner surface walls. To minimize the risks of fungus formation for this reason, the layer of material must be hermetically sealed with a vapor barrier film and provide the necessary resistance to heat transfer at a minimum thickness. The thicker the insulation layer, the lower the temperature on the wall and the higher the likelihood of steam condensation. In addition, with internal insulation, door and window slopes of the outer walls require similar insulation.
Thermal insulation of panel walls with foam plastic
For thermal insulation of panel walls, foam plates PSB-S-25 (35) are used, which have an increased density. They are fixed on the surface with a special or tile adhesive, which should ensure maximum filling of the gap between the wall and the insulation.
After gluing, it is recommended that all plates be additionally fixed to the wall with plastic dish-shaped dowels, the caps of which will firmly press the material to base surface. Five dowels are enough for one plate. The coating must be airtight, so the joints of the sheets must be tightly adjusted, and large gaps must be filled mounting foam.
Then, a layer of glue should be evenly applied to the surface of the thermal insulation and a fiberglass reinforcing mesh with 3-6 mm cells should be pressed into it. After the mixture has dried, an adhesive leveling layer 2 mm thick should be applied to the coating, and the corners should be reinforced with a perforated galvanized profile.
When the glue dries, the wall can be plastered for wallpapering, painting, or simply tiled.
Wall insulation with mineral wool
For such thermal insulation, a wall frame is required. It can be made from U-shaped metal profiles or wooden beam. The step between the racks of the frame should be 2-3 mm less than the width of the insulation boards. This will allow the material to be held at a distance between the vertical bars. The density of mineral wool must be at least 75 kg/m 3 .
Unlike polystyrene, mineral wool is vapor permeable. Therefore, after laying the insulation in the cells of the frame, the heat-insulating material must be hermetically covered with a protective film. It is attached to the wooden frame with stapler staples, and to the metal frame with double-sided tape. Vapor barrier sheets are installed with an overlap of at least 100 mm, their joints are located on the vertical elements of the frame and glued with a metallized tape. The film must have overlaps on the floor, ceiling, openings and adjoining walls.
Places where the film is adjacent to pipes and electrical appliances must be carefully treated. For this, special liquid sealants. The composition is applied to the junction, a film is pressed against it, and then fixed with construction tape from displacement.
After the thermal insulation of the wall is completed, it can be finished. Plasterboard sheets, plastic panels, wooden lining and other materials that can be attached to the frame with screws.
Wall insulation in a panel house with penofol
For internal wall insulation with this material, a wooden frame is needed, which allows maximum effect use all its properties. Due to the fact that penofol has a foil coating, which has a high electrical conductivity, it is necessary to check the insulation of the cables passing along the wall in order to avoid a short circuit. If necessary, they can be stretched in a protective corrugated sleeve.
After making the frame, cut the penofol with a knife into canvases, and then attach them end-to-end to wooden racks stapler staples. Then you need to make another frame, leaving an air gap of 2 cm, and fix sheets or panels on it, which can later be puttied, wallpapered or painted.
Thermal insulation of walls in a panel house from the outside
There are two main ways to externally insulate panel walls: dry and wet. Thermal insulation in the first way involves installing a special protective screen, which is called "ventilated facade". Its basis is a frame made of metal, on which the insulation is fixed, and then the outer lining is made.
Wet insulation is a frameless installation of insulation on walls, followed by finishing with building mixtures. Usually this different kinds plasters, which may differ from each other in color, efficiency, relief and other advantages.
Work on external insulation of the house begins with the repair of interpanel seams. They are cleaned of sealants, old plaster, and then primed and dried. Then a new sealant is installed in the seams, re-priming and puttying is performed.
The next step is to prepare the walls. They are cleaned of dirt and old coatings. At wet method insulation as warm insulating material the most commonly used foam. The technology of its installation is practically no different from the method described in the previous section. The only caveat is that as finish coat here, to protect the insulation, building mixtures that are resistant to precipitation and temperature changes should be used.
Using frame technology For wall insulation from the outside, basalt wool is usually used as a heat insulator, which is placed in the cells of the metal structure of the ventilated facade and sealed with a vapor barrier membrane. outer skin the frame in this case can be made of profiled sheet, plastic panels, wood and other materials.
Watch a video about the thermal insulation of walls in a panel house:
Summing up, I would like to add the following. Necessary information how to insulate panel wall in an accessible way, we hope you received it. It became obvious that such work is best done outside, and not inside the house. It is not difficult to find performers for this case. There are many construction companies that will perform the insulation of the apartment reliably, quickly and efficiently. But if your housing has a low floor, you can do all the work yourself, and spend the money saved on charity!
The walls of a panel house eventually need to be additional insulation. Unlike brick buildings, with a temperature difference, they can freeze through, accumulate moisture, which leads to the destruction of the external facade of the house, the appearance of cracks, mold and other unpleasant changes. Residents may notice that the apartments are cold, despite the presence of heating. To eliminate the consequences of such changes, and to keep the level of heat inside the premises as much as possible, it is recommended to insulate the panel house from the outside.
Benefits of outdoor insulation
External insulation of the house will not only prevent heat leakage through the walls, but also protect the facade from further destruction. Using various options decorative design in exterior finish the house will look new. In addition, wall insulation from the outside has the following advantages:
- there is no need to evict tenants from the house during the repair work,
- increasing the temperature inside the building by protecting the walls from freezing and other adverse effects of weather conditions,
- no resizing interior spaces- full living space is preserved,
- insulation technology strengthens supporting structure panel house, the building becomes more durable and its service life increases,
- a layer of insulation on the outside acts as an additional good soundproofing of the building.
External wall insulation is most effective for panel houses– can save up to 50% of heat.
Types of insulation
The choice of what material is better to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:
- location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
- rainfall, wind strength and speed,
- allocated budget for the insulation of a panel house,
- other individual factors.
useful at work
The estimate and project for the work is usually compiled by the management company or HOA. And the team of industrial climbers directly performs the process of warming from the outside.
For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:
Mineral wool
For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. She has good performance in terms of basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, care must be taken to ensure that mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.
When finishing with a ventilated facade, condensate from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane can be omitted. 
Styrofoam
Differs in ease, simplicity when laying plates on a wall. It also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation. For outdoor work, it is important to use a material that does not support self-combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94. When buying a heater, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.
It is important to know
The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).
Stages of the facade insulation process
Depending on the method of insulation chosen, the installation will vary. There are two main technologies:
- Wet Facade
- Ventilated facade
The process of warming with a "wet" method is described below.
Wall surface preparation
It is necessary to carefully prepare the surface of the facade of the house in order to insulate it with high quality. Each wall is leveled, cleaned of various deposits, voids and cracks are sealed, especially paying attention to the joints of the panels. If necessary, a sealant is laid in them, the gaps are smeared with special mastics.
Irregularities of the wall surface are allowed within 1 - 2 cm, but no more.
After cleaning and processing the joints, the walls are left to dry. Then they are covered with a universal primer using a roller or sprayer.
Insulation installation
Mounting of heat-insulating material on the walls is possible in three ways:
- for glue
- fasteners (dowels, plastic nails),
- combination of glue with fasteners.
The video shows in detail the method of fixing the foam with a dowel for thermal insulation.
For example, the foam is fixed in a combined way from the first floor to the upper ones. At the bottom, a starting bar is installed, from which insulation begins to be glued. In this case, the glue is applied to the walls gently with a spatula, filling in the existing irregularities. Then foam sheets are pressed tightly against the treated surface. The evenness of the rows of insulation is checked by a level. Before the adhesive base sets, it is possible to correct minor errors. Now you need to wait 2 - 3 days for the glue to dry completely and the insulation to be well fixed on the walls. Next, the foam is additionally fixed with dowels - 4 - 5 pieces per sheet. Holes for fasteners are made with a puncher.
The second and subsequent rows of foam sheets are laid in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints of adjacent layers do not match. All seams between the insulation and the gaps from the fasteners are filled with a special mounting foam, designed specifically for the installation of foam, in order to minimize the likelihood of heat leakage. Such foam is produced in cylinders and it is better to apply it with a special gun. Excess, the remains of the foam after drying cut off.
Grid pinning
Styrofoam is a rather fragile material, therefore, to give strength and rigidity to the insulation elements, it is reinforced. To do this, a special stable mesh is installed on the outside of the foam sheets. It is convenient to cut it into separate parts of the same size and fasten with an overlap in small fragments. A layer of a special adhesive solution for facade work is evenly applied to the insulated surfaces, and the mesh is pressed into it. Then another adhesive layer is applied for alignment. After installing the mesh on the whole house, they are waiting for the glue to dry in order to treat the surfaces sandpaper from smudges of the solution and irregularities in the process of fastening.
The reinforcement provides mechanical stability for the final decorative coating of the panel house.
Finishing
After insulation, external facades, as a rule, are decorated with decorative plaster. For the best adhesion of materials, the general layer of thermal insulation is primed again.
In addition, for residential apartment buildings, the technology of hinged ventilated facades is often used. The thermal insulation layer has already been completed - it remains to mount the outer cladding with a ventilation gap.
Today it is proposed wide choose materials for exterior finish in the hinged facade system:
- metal products (profiling, siding, facade cassettes),
- aluminum composite panels
- slabs of porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone.
Each of them can be selected according to the external structure, color scheme and other characteristics.
Ventilated facade technology not only protects the walls of the building, but also allows you to implement a variety of design ideas and solutions.
To fix the ventilated facade, an additional frame will be required.
The process of warming panel houses can be carried out during their reconstruction or overhaul. If your choice fell on the “wet” facade technology, it is advisable to plan work in the summer or at temperatures above 5°C. When using ventilated facades, installation can be done year-round.
If you have dealt with buying or selling apartments, then you have noticed that buyers are not very fond of corner apartments or rooms. What is it connected with? Although in summer such an apartment is much easier to ventilate, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.
But there is one significant downside. Very often, with the advent of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the outside temperature is around zero, and heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are created inside such an apartment. Appears, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed is damp.
The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have an exit to the outside, and therefore are most affected by low temperatures. In winter, even with central heating, the situation only gets worse.
Walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, interior decoration starts to fall off, mold, fungus will appear. Being in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also not safe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to the appearance of diseases, the cause of which is.
What to do in such a situation? Many try to install additional heating radiators, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness is displaced under the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.
What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to spend? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what exist.
Today, the market for thermal insulation materials is extensive, represented by various products. All of them are subdivided according to the place of their installation: outside the wall or inside the room.
Each of them has both minuses and pluses. When installing any of them, you must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions.
When buying a heat insulator, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- heat conduction;
- air permeability;
- waterproofing properties;
- environmental Safety;
- fire resistance;
- operating time.
Using high-quality material, you can easily insulate the corner. Which is the best suitable insulation for walls inside the apartment? What is the best way to insulate walls from the inside?
mineral wool
This heat insulator is the most popular, it is made from basalt fiber. He has excellent thermal insulation properties, admits good ventilation air, but does not tolerate excessive moisture. This material has a high degree of fire safety and does not emit toxic substances when exposed to direct fire.
When installing mineral wool, special guides are used, and the installation process itself does not require much effort, since the material is light and elastic. Is it possible to insulate walls with them? But over time, because of these qualities, it can lose its shape.
The environmental component is also ambiguous - the material emits a small amount of harmful gases. Some do not use it because of the significant weight received during the installation of the structure.
Styrofoam insulation
The name speaks of the process of its creation. That is, the material is created by foaming polystyrene under high pressure. The price of such material is quite affordable, it is easy to mount, install, which makes it a popular heat insulator.
It has good thermal insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly and safe. It can be used as for internal works as well as for outdoor. It is mounted on walls made of any material.
The process is quite simple and labor-intensive. The pluses include its huge service life. But of course there are downsides.
So, due to poor water permeability, condensate can accumulate on wooden walls, which leads to their destruction, and it is also flammable. Insulation of a concrete wall from the inside is excellently carried out using this material.
Extruded polystyrene foam
This material is the most popular insulation. It is flexible and easy to work with. The disadvantages include the difficulty in joining the sheets.
There is a material on sale in which the edge is made in the form of protrusions, which greatly facilitates installation work.
has good moisture resistance, it is light, easy to install.
Use of Styrofoam
This is an excellent material for insulating the walls of the apartment. It contains more than 95% gas, so it is an excellent heat insulator.
It is distinguished by low cost, excellent waterproofing, fire safety. Styrofoam is used at any temperature, being an environmentally friendly material.
The use of keramoizol
It's relative new material. It is sold in containers of various sizes, as it is liquid material. It has excellent thermal insulation properties. Keramoizol is a durable, waterproof and vapor-proof product.
During installation, several layers are applied, and for better thermal insulation- six. The layers are laid perpendicular to each other. This material has proven itself only with better side.Its only and main disadvantage is the high price.
Penoizol insulation
Thermal insulation material - penoizol is a type of polyurethane and is used in the form of foam. The advantage is quick installation material in a brick building., forming a layer required thickness heat insulator, no seams and joints.
Excellent heat-insulating and waterproofing properties, the material is non-flammable and environmentally friendly. But perhaps its main advantage is the low cost of work, almost two times less than when using conventional materials.
Using Astratek
Astratek is a suspension, solid particles are represented by various polymers. For application to the wall, use a spray gun or mount manually paint brush. Excellent insulation, just one centimeter of the layer is similar to fifty centimeters of mineral wool slab.
It does not take up the interior space of the room, forms a flat, homogeneous surface that needs minimal processing for applying the cladding. The main deterrent to large-scale application is its high cost.
How to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside? It's up to you to decide.
How to insulate walls in a panel and monolithic house?
How to insulate walls from the inside? How to insulate a concrete wall from the inside? How to do it right? To insulate a wall from the inside, consider a step-by-step instruction for insulating walls and partitions in a panel house from the inside.
Action algorithm:
- First you need to prepare the walls. To do this, remove the furniture, clean the walls from the finishing material to the plaster. Therefore, this procedure should be combined with the repair work in your apartment;
- next to be done. It is best to use special polymers, but you can also use ordinary plastic wrap. It is applied directly to the walls, the bonding points of the strips are glued. To do this, use construction tape;
- then we mount the crate, you can use both wooden and metal rails. In the first case, the tree must be treated with antiseptics and fire-fighting solutions. When installing the crate, the step size must be selected depending on the insulation so as not to form gaps and voids;
- then we directly lay the heat insulator, that is, we insulate the walls. It should fit into the openings between the crate. Many materials are designed in such a way that when installed they straighten and fill the entire form, this significantly reduces installation time;
- installation . By installing it, we protect our insulation from wet steam, which is always present in the apartment. In no case should these measures be neglected, since moisture will begin to accumulate in the insulation. As a result, the product will lose its properties, and all your work will be lost.
The vapor barrier film is laid without gaps and gaps, the joints and cracks are treated with sealants;
- installation . It is necessary to choose a material suitable for installation in residential premises. When installing sheets, it is important to follow the instructions, and then you should do the necessary procedures for installing facing materials.
How to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? You can insulate a corner apartment in a panel or monolithic house by following these six steps.
Installation of insulation on brick walls
How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? corner walls V brick house can be insulated using the same method as in the panel. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing a material made of polystyrene.
Wall insulation in the apartment from the inside:
- clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After that, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
- you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. It is necessary to apply glue to them on the walls, then take a notched trowel and re-walk around the entire perimeter. This is done in order to create uneven surface glue. This contributes to better bonding of the insulation;
- how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of heat insulator and begin to install them on the walls. First of all, the bottom row is laid. We tightly apply the polystyrene sheet and push it through, you can not use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, we use a level and carefully join the edges so that cracks do not form, if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is set so that the junction of the two sheets falls in the middle of the bottom sheet. This will give great durability to the entire structure.
Watch the surface of the insulation so that bumps do not form, because during the final finishing this will bring additional difficulties.
- after you have installed the thermal insulation, you can proceed to the finishing work. If you plan to cover the walls with drywall, then some additional work over the heater is not required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, painting, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a reinforcing fiber mesh. After that, you can start applying layers of plaster or putty.
By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from within.
Wall insulation using the "electric floor" method
How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside according to this method? Insulation of the apartment from the inside is carried out as follows. First of all, it is necessary to attach the "" sheets to the wall using fastening materials.
After that, the sheets are connected to electrical network apartments. In the most severe frost, we turn on the system and warm up the walls until they are completely dry. After that, we lay the thermal insulation to prevent heat loss. Then you can start lining the walls.
So, if you decide to insulate the walls of a corner apartment, you need to choose the material, focusing on the type of walls and the price range of the heat insulator. Then it is important to consider the method of installation and subsequent cladding.
You should also pay attention to the following aspects:
- installation of insulation reduces the volume of the room;
- poor quality work can lead to mold;
- for a comfortable life, it is necessary to install ventilation.
By strictly adhering to the rules, you can insulate your apartment and create comfort in it. Warming the walls of the apartment from the inside is a fairly simple process.
AND inside(you can insulate the front, back, end wall) is carried out according to the instructions. An insulated corner apartment is great, because you can enjoy comfort.
During the operation of residential premises in apartments or houses, situations arise when spaces form between the wall and the floor. different sizes and depth. There is a need to repair them, but not only because they spoil the appearance of the living space, but also because it is a direct source of drafts, dampness penetration into the rooms, which brings hordes of insects, mold and flexibility.
Therefore, it is extremely important that once such a problem is discovered, it should be fixed immediately. Carrying out the work will not take much effort and time, it involves following several stages:
- Determining the size of the gap - length and depth;
- Based on the scale of future work, the material with which the hole will be sealed is selected.
To seal very small gaps (about 1 cm), you can take mortars of putty, mounting gypsum or cement. Larger gaps (2-5 cm) must be filled with mounting foam. If the damage is much larger (from 5 cm or more), then you need to resort to more serious work and the use of other materials. Below is a consistent technology for eliminating gaps between the wall and the floor of any complexity.
Preparation for work
The sealing of such cracks falls into the category cosmetic repairs. Preparation depends on what decor elements your walls or floor are decorated with. If there is a plinth, it must be removed, the wallpaper removed, the paint layer cleaned and removed, and the whitewash washed off. In the latter case, you need to let the wall dry completely. Remove all dust and dirt that may interfere with the quality fixation of the embedding materials.
If termination takes place in a room where you do not plan to carry out complete renovation, then the wallpaper needs to be removed only partially, or try to carefully tear off the strip from the wall, so that after finishing work, glue it back, returning the wall to its original appearance. All surfaces that may get dirt during the repair process must be protected with film, paper and securely fixed - this will avoid additional costs when putting things in order. Such measures will keep the floor and walls from mounting foam, plaster and paint. Paper or newspapers should not be used if there is a lot of water in the workplace - it is useless as protective material in this case.
The goal is a big gap
Suitable sized pieces of brick, styrofoam, styrofoam, or plastic are ideal for filling the hole. If the parts are large, then they need to be broken or broken - small filling components guarantee that they will lie inside the hole as tightly as possible and carefully fill the cavity. Be careful that when filling the volume of the gap, you do not deform the existing hole and do not expand it.
These materials will help you save expensive mounting foam, which should be poured into the gap after the previous materials. Practice shows that with the use of bricks or other fillers, only one bottle of mounting foam is required to restore even very large damage.
You should not fill it to the eyeballs, because it tends to expand several times. Fill the remaining space by about a third, in very severe cases - by half. If the layer turns out to be very large, then apply it not at once, but in parts, allowing the previous layer to fully expand and harden. This will reduce the risk of overfilling and subsequent foam tatters falling out, and as a result, it will save foam volume.
Target is a medium to small gap
The ideal option for filling such holes would be soft, plastic materials with a high density - tow or construction felt. To prevent such materials from becoming a refuge for pests, they must be thoroughly impregnated with insecticidal substances before filling, formalin most often plays their role.
The material rolls into small rolls, the diameter of which should be slightly over size slit, and applied to the slit. Further, with the help of a small rubber or wooden hammer, the roll is gently but surely hammered into the hollow space of the damage. It is advisable to fill the void with a single piece of material, without small parts, so that unnecessary cavities do not form between them.
If the gap is so small that you can’t physically stuff the tow into it, then a soft spatula and plastic gypsum mortar will come to the rescue. The technology is simple - apply a strip of gypsum to the tip of the spatula and apply to the damage, then gently press. This will allow the mortar to fill the entire cavity and immediately fill the wall surface to minimize preparation for finishing.
To save the surrounding area from dirt, you can use self-adhesive construction fabric (which will not work if you already have wallpaper) or the above methods. After the gap is completely clogged, the formalin dries out - you can decorate the seam.
Gap between baseboard and wall or floor
It usually forms when old walls warp or wooden baseboards dry out. Such an error is repaired very simply - with the help of acrylic sealant, modern stores provide a choice of any colors and shades. The balloon is installed in special device for supplying sealant and is applied over the distance between the elements.
Rules for working with mounting foam
Two-thirds of cases still require the active use of mounting foam, even in small quantities. Therefore, it is important to figure out how to use it correctly. The recommendations are:
- Before filling the cavity, its surface must be slightly moistened with ordinary water. To do this, it is advisable to use a mechanical spray gun or a bottle with holes in the lid. This is done to better fix the foam inside the damage.
- When filling it is necessary to remember the ability of the foam to expand. In addition, wetting the surface will only enhance this effect. The foam must be applied carefully, carefully, little by little.
- Ideal working conditions with it are from five to twenty-five degrees Celsius. The cylinder must be heated in water with the appropriate temperature.
- Before use, the container with foam must be thoroughly shaken.
- Work should be carried out only in goggles and gloves - the foam is very caustic, it adheres firmly to all things and objects. In case of accidental contact with clean surfaces, it is recommended to remove the foam only after complete drying, and wipe off the foam that has not yet hardened with a special solvent.
- Hardened foam is removed with a sharp knife.
Finishing the wall after repairing the damage
Remove excess foam so that a small depression remains at the seam. It will be filled with a small layer of putty or gypsum with a spatula and brought to the same level with the wall. After the layer of mortar has dried, there will be no trace of the gap. From above, the wall can be finished in all sorts of ways - attach a plinth, paint, glue wallpaper, tile, plastic, wood, and so on.
Conclusion
Such damage between the floor and walls is desirable to detect and repair before finishing works so as not to damage the already existing finishing surfaces during the work. Thus, the work will be completed faster and at a lower cost. If the termination takes place in a clean room, then precautions should not be neglected, especially when working with mounting foam.
Video
From the video you will learn in more detail how and with what to close the cracks.
September 6, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)
The thermal insulation properties of concrete panel houses leave much to be desired, since they are very hot in summer and cold in winter, which leads to an increase in energy consumption for heating. This problem can be solved by thermal insulation of the walls, however, this issue must be approached competently. Therefore, further I will tell you how to properly insulate a panel house.
Insulation options
The thermal insulation of a panel house implies, first of all, the insulation of the walls. Moreover, it is desirable to perform this operation from the outside, in which case the walls will be really warm. If this is not possible, for example, if you do not have permission to change appearance the facade or the apartment is adjacent to an unheated room that cannot be insulated (an elevator shaft, an entrance, etc.), then insulation can be done from the inside.
In all other cases, it is better to refuse internal insulation for the following reasons:
- internal insulation takes up useful space in the apartment;
- after thermal insulation, the walls generally cease to be heated, which can lead to the formation of cracks;
- forms on the surface, which can lead to the formation of mold;
- there is no possibility of insulating the ceiling, which is adjacent to cold walls and serves as a cold bridge.
Thus, the insulation of walls from the inside can only be considered as extreme case. However, below I will talk about the nuances of thermal insulation in both cases.
External insulation
First of all, consider how to perform wall insulation from the outside. This process can be divided into several stages:
I must say that almost every stage contains its own nuances, on which the final result depends. Therefore, all work must be carried out with special responsibility, from beginning to end.
Preparation of materials
First of all, you need to decide on a heater. For the indicated purposes, the following materials are most often used:
- Expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) is a fairly cheap and lightweight material. The disadvantages include fire hazard. It should be noted that for external insulation, foam with a density of at least 18 kg / m3 can be used;
- mineral wool - is an environmentally friendly and more durable material that resists the combustion process. The disadvantages of mineral wool include a higher price, as well as the inconvenience of working with it - when it comes into contact with the skin, the villi of mineral wool cause irritation.
The density of mineral wool for facade insulation should be at least 85kg/m3.
The thickness of the insulation must be at least 100 mm. In the northern regions, it is better to use a 150 mm thick insulation.
In addition to insulation, you will also need the following materials:
- glue for insulation - as a rule, it is selected depending on the type of thermal insulation material, however, there are also universal compositions;
- inter-seam insulation for panel houses - most often polyurethane foam is used for these purposes;
- plastic dowel-umbrellas;
- universal primer;
- fiberglass reinforcing mesh;
- aluminum perforated corners;
- decorative facade plaster;
- facade paint.
Wall preparation
So, before you insulate the walls from the outside, they must be prepared. This is done as follows:
- start by removing the old coating. As a rule, panel houses are covered with tiles, which begin to fall behind with time. In this case, the tile must be dismantled;
- then the surface of the walls should be cleaned of dust and dirt;
- Next, you need to insulate the seams. Often, in order to insulate the seams in prefabricated houses, they must first be expanded.
After that, be sure to clean them of dust and moisten. Prepared seams should be filled with mounting foam. You can also use putty for these purposes; - after the foam has hardened, it must be cut off so that it does not protrude above the surface of the walls.
If the work needs to be done at height, it is better to entrust it to specialists who have all the necessary climbing equipment.
After preparing the walls, you can proceed with the installation of insulation.
Insulation installation
The installation instructions for the heater are as follows:
- First of all, you need to dilute the glue in water and mix it thoroughly. How it is done is indicated on the packaging with the composition;
- then the glue must be applied to the insulation with a notched trowel. If the surface of the walls is uneven, it is better to apply glue in lumps, which will allow you to adjust the position of the insulation relative to the wall;
- now the insulation needs to be glued to the wall. Start work from the corner, mounting in rows from the bottom up, moreover, thermal insulation should be located so that the ceiling is also insulated.
To glue the insulation, press it against the wall and at the same time check the position with a building level; - then glue the insulation on the opposite side in the same way, and pull the twine along the first row. The stretched thread will serve as a beacon for the rest of the thermal insulation boards;
- then glue the rest of the insulation boards of the first row along the lighthouse;
- then, according to the same scheme, the second row of insulation is mounted. The only thing is to position it with an offset relative to the first row, i.e. on the principle of brickwork.
If you are insulating a corner room from the outside, then it is also necessary to ensure that the insulation is bandaged at the corner, as shown in the diagram below;
- according to this principle, the entire surface of the walls is insulated;
- now you need to install the dowels. To do this, drill holes straight through the insulation to the desired depth, then insert the “umbrellas” into them and hammer in the expansion pins. Keep in mind that the dowel caps should be slightly recessed into the insulation.
Pay special attention to the location of the dowels - they should be installed between the joints of the insulation at the corners, as well as one at a time - two dowels in the center of each heater;
- at the end of the work it is necessary to paste over the window openings. To do this, cut the insulation into panels about 3 cm thick and glue them around the perimeter, thus completing the slopes.
To cut the thermal insulation, use a conventional hacksaw for wood.
This completes the process of installing the heater.
Reinforcement preparation
Before proceeding with reinforcement, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the thermal insulation by doing the following:
- use the long rule by attaching it to the walls in different areas. If bumps are found, they must be rubbed with a special grater.;
- also on this stage make sure that all the dowels are recessed into the insulation, otherwise they need to be finished off. If it is not possible to deepen the dowel, it must be cut off with a mounting knife and a new one installed next to it;
- then glue the perforated aluminum corners on all external corners and slopes, using the same adhesive for insulation;
- if there are gaps between the insulation plates, they must be filled with small pieces of thermal insulation or special foam;
- at the end of the work, cover with glue the hats of the screws, as well as the joints of the insulation boards.
As a result, it should be Smooth surface walls that can be plastered.
Reinforcement
Reinforcement of the insulation is carried out as follows:
- start work with reinforcing the slopes. To do this, cut the mesh into sheets of the required dimensions, taking into account the fact that it should be located with a twist at the corners and an overlap of about 10 cm;
- after that, apply glue to the surface of the slope a few millimeters thick and attach the mesh to it. You need to run a spatula along the canvas so that the mesh drowns in glue. Do the job as carefully as possible so that the end result is a smooth surface.;
- after the surface has dried, the glue is applied again and carefully leveled with a spatula, as if you were performing puttying;
- now, according to the same principle, walls should be reinforced. As a result, you should get a smooth surface suitable for applying decorative plaster.
Padding
Before covering the facade with decorative plaster, the surface of the walls should be treated with a primer.. It is done like this:
- shake the facade thoroughly and pour it into a special tray for the paint roller;
- then dip the roller into the tray and work it on the wall. Try to do the work carefully so that there are no soil streaks;
- after the surface has dried, the primer must be applied again.
Now you can start applying decorative plaster.
Plaster
Decorative plaster is applied very simply and quickly:
- first dilute the mixture in water and stir. Detailed instructions are available on the package;
- then draw the plaster with a narrow roller on a bevel or a wide spatula and apply it to the wall in an even thin layer. The layer thickness depends on the size of the filler fraction;
- when the plaster on the wall begins to set (thicken), the surface must be rubbed with small pieces to give it a certain texture. Small can make circular or reciprocating movements in a vertical or horizontal position;
- according to this principle, the entire prepared surface of the facade is covered.
Apply within one wall decorative plaster required in one run, i.e. without interruption. Otherwise, the transition boundary will be noticeable.
Painting
The final stage of work is painting, which is carried out as follows:
- the paint must be shaken and, if necessary, tinted. How tinting is performed, you can find out in detail on our portal;
- after that, the paint must be poured into the roller tray and the roller itself should be dipped into it;
- now apply the coating in a uniform thin layer, preventing it from spreading and splashing;
- hard-to-reach places should be tinted with a paint brush;
- after a few hours, when the paint dries, the procedure must be repeated again.
This completes the work on the external insulation of the walls.
Internal insulation
Warming from the inside can include not only the thermal insulation of walls, but also the floor and even the ceiling. Therefore, we will further consider the nuances of warming all these surfaces.
Floor insulation
To insulate the floor, you will have to perform a concrete screed over the insulation. This work is carried out in the following sequence:
- first of all, prepare the floor - clean it of debris, if necessary, dismantle the finish coating;
- then cover the floor with a waterproofing film, placing the canvases overlapping and with a twist on the walls;
- further, thermal insulation is laid on top of the waterproofing. It can be either mineral wool or polystyrene;
- then another layer of waterproofing film should be laid on top of the thermal insulation. To ensure maximum tightness, glue the joints with tape;
- now over the insulation you need to pour the screed according to the standard scheme. The only thing is that you should not use a reinforcing mesh so as not to damage the waterproofing. It is better to perform reinforcement by adding a special fiber to the solution.
If you do not want to mess with wet work, you can do a dry screed with your own hands. To do this, fill the floor with a layer of expanded clay, level it with beacons, and lay special panels for dry screed on top.
Wall insulation
It is best to insulate a cold wall from the inside in a dry way. This operation will be performed in the following sequence:
- First of all, prepare the wall for insulation - clean it from old finish, if necessary, seal the cracks with putty. In addition, be sure to treat the surface with an antiseptic that prevents mold;
- on the prepared wall, you need to fix the vapor barrier film. To do this, you can use self-tapping screws with wide hats or even wooden slats;
- now you need to mount a frame for attaching drywall or other finishing material (plastic panels, lining, etc.). To do this, as usual, fix the guides on the floor and ceiling, while the distance from them to the wall should be a centimeter more than the thickness of the insulation;
- then insert into the rack rails and fix them with brackets. At this stage, check the position of the racks with a building level. The distance between the uprights should be such that the insulation fits snugly into the space between them, leaving no gaps;
- then the space in the resulting frame must be filled with insulation. The latter should fit snugly not only to the racks, but also to the ceiling with the floor;
- now you need to fix another layer of vapor barrier film on the frame. To do this, you can use profiles that are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws;
- at the end of the work, attach to the frame with self-tapping screws finishing material. On our portal you can find detailed information about how the installation of drywall, plastic panels and other finishing materials.
If you want to completely insulate the room, you must also place thermal insulation on the ceiling. The principle of installation remains the same, with the only difference that the frame is attached to the ceiling and not to the walls.
If your apartment has a balcony or loggia, the room can also be insulated and even heated. In this case, you can use the extra space as a living space.
Before insulating a balcony in a panel house, all surfaces must be treated with an antifungal compound, as mold often appears here.
Here, perhaps, is all the information regarding how the insulation of panel houses is performed.
Conclusion
Insulation of panel houses, as you can see, has quite a few nuances that must be taken into account in the process of doing the work. However, in general, this procedure is quite simple, which every home craftsman can handle. The only exceptions are those cases when the work needs to be done at a height - do not risk your life, it is better not to spare money and seek help from specialists.
For more information, see the video in this article. If you have any questions regarding the insulation of a panel house, ask them in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.
September 6, 2016If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thanks!
