Insulation of the floor in an apartment on the first floor. Insulation of floors in a ground floor apartment How best to make a floor on the ground floor

Almost all owners of apartments located on the ground floor are faced with the problem of cold floors. This happens due to cold and unheated, and often also damp basements. In such cases, it is necessary to insulate the floor of the first floor with modern materials.

For this purpose, a fairly large number of different insulation materials and methods of their installation are used. In this article we will get acquainted with the most effective methods of how to properly and reliably insulate a concrete floor.

Insulation from the basement

The best solution is to insulate the floor slab on the basement side. In other words, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling in the basement, thus moving the cold and dew point away from the floor in the apartment.

To carry out such work, it is better to coordinate with the housing office. There are usually no problems with this. Having received such permission, you can begin thermal insulation work. The following methods are available for this:

The simplest, inexpensive, but at the same time sufficient effective method- insulate with polystyrene foam. TO concrete base foam sheets are glued with liquid nails glue. At the end of the work, all the gaps remaining between the sheets should be filled with polyurethane foam. Since the basement is often damp, and polystyrene foam tends to become saturated with moisture over time, it is necessary to waterproof it. To do this, use the same glue to glue a thick sheet of insulation onto the insulation sheets. polyethylene film. The edges of such waterproofing must be overlapped by at least 10–15 cm.
You can spray polyurethane foam - one of the most reliable and durable insulation materials known today. After hardening, this material has high strength and excellent thermal insulation properties. Also, polyurethane foam does not burn and does not absorb moisture at all. The only disadvantage of this option is its rather high cost: spraying is carried out using special equipment and requires professional operator skills.

Advice! If you have insulated the concrete floor on the basement side, this does not mean that the floors in your apartment will automatically become warm. This technique only allows you to “push away” the cold. In any case, thermal insulation of the floor on the apartment side is necessary.

Insulation of the floor from inside the apartment

This method has a large number of materials used. Let's look at the main materials and their installation technology in more detail.

Mineral wool

This option works best if you have wood floors, but can also be used if you want to lay wood over a concrete base. Having chosen this option, you need to follow the following technology and sequence of work:

First of all, you need to dismantle the old flooring. The boards are carefully removed and numbered, and the concrete screed is hammered out with a hammer drill.
If you had wooden floors, you need to examine the condition of the installed joists. If necessary, damaged or sagging rafters must be replaced. If the base is concrete, then complete installation of new rafters is necessary.

Advice! It is possible to insulate the floor of the first floor using this method using other heat insulators. For example, instead of mineral wool, you can use polystyrene foam. This material has slightly worse thermal insulation properties, but is cheaper.

Insulation with expanded clay

This method of insulating a concrete base in an apartment on the ground floor is perhaps the most popular. This is due to ease of installation, durability and high performance of the materials used. To insulate a concrete floor in an apartment located on the ground floor using expanded clay, you should follow this technology thermal insulation works:

Old flooring, including cement screed, needs to be deleted.
Having carefully removed all debris, it is necessary to inspect the floor slab and repair any detected cracks, crevices and other defects with polyurethane foam or cement mortar.
The next step is to lay thick polyethylene film as a waterproofing layer. Its installation is carried out with an overlap, and the seams must be taped on both sides.
Now the entire floor surface can be covered with expanded clay. The thickness of the layer depends on the height of the ceilings. Here, the thicker the layer, the better its thermal insulation properties will be, but the minimum permissible layer of expanded clay is 10 cm.

After backfilling, the expanded clay must be compacted. It is strictly prohibited to moisten the insulation!
A reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the expanded clay and a cement screed is poured with a layer of 5 cm.
The screed is carefully leveled and covered with polyethylene for proper drying.
After the cement mortar has dried, you can begin installing the flooring: laminate, linoleum or other material.

Advice! To increase the thermal insulation properties of the floor, foam granules can be added to the cement mortar at the stage of its preparation. This will significantly insulate the floor in the apartment.

This thermal insulation can be used in both floor insulation methods: with wooden joists and under cement screed. Expanded polystyrene has almost ideal properties:

low thermal conductivity,
high density and mechanical strength,
does not burn,
practically does not absorb moisture,
long service life.

When insulating a wooden floor, slabs of extruded polystyrene foam are laid between the joists, like any other material. The use of a waterproofing layer, despite the high insulation performance, is mandatory.

After laying and filling the cracks with foam, the heat insulator is covered with another layer of waterproofing. For these purposes, it is better to use penofol. Then the floor covering is installed: plywood, chipboard or boards. Insulation with expanded polystyrene under a cement screed is carried out as follows:

Advice! Electric heating cables can be laid on top of the thermal insulation material. After all installation work, you will have truly warm floors that consume very little electricity.

Having studied all the options for how to insulate the floor on the first floor, given in this material, you need to choose the most suitable one in your case. Having some skills, you can do all the work yourself, without the involvement of expensive specialists.

On the ground floor you almost always feel discomfort from the cold floor - no matter whether it is a high-rise building or a private building. Is it worth fighting this? Definitely. After all, proper floor insulation will not only make your home more comfortable, but also significantly save money on electricity and gas bills. It is no secret that with poor heat conservation of “resources” to maintain optimal temperatures Much more will be spent. In addition, a weakly or not at all insulated floor of the first floor can become a source of many diseases - this is perhaps the main reason why you should definitely work competently on the thermal insulation of this surface. Contact with a cold floor is especially dangerous for young children who tend to run around barefoot.

Video instructions for floor insulation

How we will insulate: a review of materials

The modern construction industry offers a variety of materials that can be used to insulate the floor of the first floor efficiently and effectively:

Styrofoam
The main advantages of polystyrene foam are good thermal insulation, affordable price and durability. The material is suitable for installation on any type of surface - concrete, wood, ceramic tiles, etc.
Penoplex
This is foamed polystyrene with low thermal conductivity, excellent sound insulation, and a long service life.
Expanded clay
Floor insulation using expanded clay is one of the most affordable and reliable technologies. The material can be added either directly to the concrete screed or used as bedding.

chemical substances

Gypsum fiber sheets
The material is easy to use and non-flammable.

Today, manufacturers offer many options for floor insulation.

Preparation for thermal insulation measures

Insulating the floor of the first floor is an incredibly responsible job, so it must be approached with the utmost seriousness. Redoing “blunders” is difficult not only financially, but also physically. If you live in an apartment building with a cold basement, you need to determine which method of floor insulation will be most appropriate - only internal, from the housing side, or also external, from the basement.

Take the time to go down to the basement and inspect the basement and concrete floor under your apartment for cracks, potholes, crumbling elements. All defects found should be eliminated using cement-sand mortar, polyurethane foam, brickwork. You can stick foam plastic or polystyrene foam boards(a special adhesive composition is used for these purposes), and fill the gaps between them with polyurethane foam. Please pay attention to the fact that such “amateur activity” is not always welcomed by service organizations, so before starting insulation work in the basement, be sure to consult the appropriate authority.

First of all, the old floor covering is dismantled and the surface is thoroughly cleaned.

Concrete floor insulation technology

Insulation of concrete floors inside an apartment (house) with a sufficient “margin” of room height is recommended to be carried out according to the following algorithm:

laying a waterproofing membrane on a cleaned base;
installation of lathing on the floor made of bars as thick as a layer of the selected insulation (expanded polystyrene is preferable);
laying thermal insulation slabs in the sheathing cells;
laying a vapor barrier layer;
installation of a subfloor made of plywood, boards, fiberboard sheets or chipboard;
installation of the finishing coating.

This is how GVL is installed when insulating the floor.

It is better to choose foil vapor barrier, but dense polyethylene is also acceptable.

It is possible to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor or more in a simple way, resorting to gypsum fiber sheets. The technology for carrying out work in this case will be as follows:

removal of old flooring (if any);
elimination of all surface irregularities and cracks;
waterproofing membrane decking;
laying gypsum fiber boards (adhesive mastic is used to strengthen them better) in two or three layers so that the joints in the layers do not coincide;
GVL putty and primer;
installation of finishing floor covering.

One of the most modern methods of insulating concrete floors is undoubtedly the installation of an “electric heated floor” system, consisting of the following stages:

laying insulation on the prepared base;
layer flooring aluminum foil;
laying electrical cables;
pouring screed;
finishing surfaces.

Installation of heated floors on the first floor

For many owners who do not want to sacrifice the height of the room, the most acceptable way to thermally insulate the square meters underfoot is to lay isolon, a modern material with a sponge structure. Insulating a floor with isolon is quite simple: to do this, it is enough to correct defects in the concrete floor, lay out the panels, and tape their joints with tape. And then proceed either immediately to the installation of the finishing coating, or to start arranging the subfloor.

How to properly insulate a wooden floor

To insulate a wooden floor in an apartment located on the ground floor, you must first remove the existing flooring (number the boards if you do not plan to replace them) and inspect the open space. If there is a waterproofing membrane, its integrity should be checked. Fill the defects found, lay mineral wool slabs between the joists, and install the boards in place.

Mineral wool is often used to insulate wooden floors

In old private houses, it is quite common to see wooden floors on joists laid on top of compacted soil. How to insulate it?

Remove the flooring.
Place waterproofing in between the joists.
Make a backfill with expanded clay.
Install a vapor barrier.
Lay insulation - mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
Place bars on the joists and then use them to build a wooden floor.

If you decide to abandon lag altogether, you will be faced with the following tasks:

Completely clear the soil surface.
If necessary, compact the soil.
Build a waterproofing layer - glassine and roofing felt are suitable.
Form layer sand and gravel mixture.
Add a layer of expanded clay.
Lay the reinforcing mesh.
Spray the expanded clay with cement laitance.
After it hardens, fill the screed completely.
Install a vapor barrier.
Set up the draft.
Install any wooden covering to your taste.

Insulation of the ground floor floor with expanded clay is one of the most affordable and effective ways

How much will it cost to insulate the floor on the first floor?

The cost of work on insulating the floor of the first floor directly depends on the selected material. Expanded clay and polystyrene can be considered the most affordable option.

Modern method of thermal insulation - the use of polyurethane foam

Do the above methods of thermal insulation of the floor on the first floor seem extremely difficult and not entirely reliable to you? Then your choice is insulation with sprayed polyurethane foam.

A layer of polyurethane foam as insulation has many advantages:

low heat conductivity coefficient. Thanks to this, its height does not exceed 10 centimeters;
High resistance to steam and moisture. This eliminates the need to install vapor barriers and waterproofing;
durability. PPU can effectively perform its functions for up to 60 years;
excellent sound insulation properties;
safety for human health.

Polyurethane foam is not subject to rotting, mold and other microorganisms never appear on it, and small rodents are indifferent to the material. And, perhaps, the most important thing is that polyurethane foam spraying is carried out in the shortest possible time - you do not have to stretch out the thermal insulation measures for a week. The final screed can be built directly along it.

The thermal insulation polyurethane foam layer is completely seamless - the appearance of cracks and cold bridges in it is excluded.

The importance of making the right choice

As you can see, there are many ways to insulate the floor of the first floor, but the optimal choice should be made based on an analysis of many factors (apartment or a private house this, the state of the structures, the estimated budget, etc.). Only an experienced specialist should help the owners in this matter. By entrusting the floor insulation procedure to a professional, you can be sure that warmth and comfort will live in your house forever, and your feet will never freeze again. Agree, understand that cash were spent on a truly tangible result - priceless!

Insulating the floors of the house on the first floor is a mandatory task. It cannot be the only solution to achieve complete comfort in your home and is often only a stage in a whole range of measures to ensure heat. We are talking about insulating walls, ceilings, entrance groups And window openings. But the most logical place to start taking care of thermal insulation is from the floor. The article will discuss the insulation of the floor of the first floor.

First floor floor installation

To begin with, it is worth deciding what type of surface insulation will be carried out from the widest range of materials. Most in demand on this moment are:

Styrofoam;
expanded polystyrene;
dry expanded clay screed;
glass wool;
mineral (stone) wool.

They differ not only in cost, but also in a number of characteristics that are worth considering in more detail. Since some of the materials offered are of similar origin or are mistakenly accepted as analogues, then Comparative characteristics will help you make your choice.

Insulation for the first floor floor

Polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam

If we talk about kinship, then these two insulation products undoubtedly have it. Polystyrene foam is somewhat older, polystyrene foam is rather an improved version of it.

The differences begin already at the production stage. Polystyrene granules are used as raw materials. To obtain polystyrene foam, they are treated with a stream of hot air, and they expand and join together. A product with a porous structure is formed. The extrusion method is more advanced, and as a result of its use, granules of the starting material are melted. The output is a material with a single structure, denser than the above-described specimen. At the same time, the cellular structure, which helps retain heat, is preserved in it.
Foamed polystyrene is 5-6 times stronger than its “brother” in bending, and it will not crumble if environmental conditions change. In addition, expanded polystyrene absorbs moisture less well, and thanks to its improved density, it absorbs noise much more effectively.
Both materials are lightweight and non-toxic (provided that high-quality construction products from proven brands). They are also not susceptible to rotting and mold does not form on them. Fireproof performance is good for both products. It is more expedient to use polystyrene foam for insulating floors in those rooms where little traffic is expected, and the surface will not experience additional loads from, for example, massive furniture. It is also suitable for those who want to save money. However, as follows from the above technical characteristics, such a desire is not always appropriate.

Glass wool or mineral wool

Another difficult task is choosing between glass wool and mineral wool.

The latter has very impressive fire resistance characteristics, so it is most often used when insulating wooden floors. Natural inorganic origin stone wool gives the right to talk about its environmental friendliness and resistance to the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.
The thermal insulation properties of mineral wool are not questioned. We can say with confidence that its use will reduce the cost of heating rooms. It will also provide a high level of sound insulation. All these wonderful properties will not “work” if the installation technology is violated when insulating the floor. Therefore, when giving preference to rockwool, you should strictly follow the installation recommendations.
Glass wool differs in that it is produced on the basis of broken glass, that is, essentially it is not related to mineral wool. At the same time, it loses (slightly) in terms of thermal insulation and also in the ability to shrink over time. In addition, working with it is not as comfortable as with rockwool due to the formation of fine “glass” dust, which irritates the respiratory tract and hands if they are not protected. But it will cost much less than its “stone” counterpart. So those who are willing to experience some discomfort when laying the material and want to save money can opt for glass wool.

Advantages of expanded clay

This porous material is, in fact, clay. It is formed into granules and processed at high temperatures. The result is excellent insulation; its flowability makes it easy to fill all voids.

It is good in several respects:

durability;

environmental friendliness;

non-flammability;

complete resistance to the development of microorganisms, does not cause interest among rodents and other pests;

cheapness.

Due to its porous structure, it is a fairly light material, but in this indicator it is inferior to other insulation materials, including those described earlier. Expanded clay also creates an excellent layer that promotes natural ventilation. The sound insulation achieved after its use is considered one of the best.
The thickness of the floor of the first floor can also play against expanded clay, since in order to organize a high-quality layer of thermal insulation, a significant headroom will be required. The minimum recommended bedding layer is 20 cm, and 40 cm is considered optimal. And again, do not forget to add the height of the screed.

To finally decide on the material for insulation, you will need to take into account many factors. In terms of cost, glass wool, polystyrene foam or expanded clay are the most preferable options.
If time is of the essence, then laying foam is the easiest and fastest way.
When it is necessary to perform a procedure in accordance with all rules and requirements fire safety, That mineral wool will be the best choice.

Another important criterion was and remains the needs and capabilities of the owners of the building. But in any case, any home craftsman can do all the work on his own.

Thermal insulation of the first floor floor using expanded clay

Expanded clay absorbs moisture very well. This is the main disadvantage of this material. Therefore, the construction of a high-quality waterproofing layer becomes the first and very priority stage. Next, a detailed pie of the first floor floor using expanded clay will be painted.

Moisture protection. The material most often used for these purposes is polyethylene film. You need to take the most durable one. Naturally, one canvas cannot be used, so the joints are carefully taped with construction tape. The calculation when creating a waterproofing sheet should be based on the fact that its edges should be higher in level than the entire intended backfill along with the screed. The extra centimeters can then be trimmed.
Preparing the insulation. The maximum effect will be achieved by preparing a mixture of material from different fractions. The use of expanded clay with sizes from 5 to 20 mm will serve to better distribute the granules and create a base more suitable for adhesion to concrete.
Lighthouses. Their alignment is necessary to create a perfectly flat surface without drops or slopes. The first is located a few centimeters away from the walls. Fixation is carried out on small piles of fairly thick cement mortar. Next, the beacons are placed parallel to the first. The installation distance corresponds to the length of the rule. It will be used for subsequent leveling of the screed. Typically, a metal profile is used for guides. If floor insulation and subsequent pouring is carried out independently for the first time, then it is better not to “save” on the number of beacons.

Prepared expanded clay can be poured. It is evenly distributed and lightly compacted. The fill level needs to be constantly monitored to avoid slopes. Then you will need to saturate the bedding with a solution of liquid cement. This “cement laitance” will give strength to the insulation layer and allow it to remain in its original position during further pouring. A reinforcing layer of metal mesh will be the final step at this stage.
Filling. The prepared solution is evenly distributed from the wall along the level of the beacons. Smooth out using the rule. So they gradually move towards the entrance to the room.
You can walk on the screed no earlier than after 7 days, but the coating will completely harden and be ready for finishing in a month. While the drying process is underway, to avoid cracking, the future floor should be moistened with water. You can check for “readiness” in this way: place the neck down glass jar. If condensation forms on its walls, it means that there is a lot of moisture in the floor and it is too early to start laying the finishing coating.
The result is durable and warm. Smooth surface, on which tiles, laminate or any other type of flooring will look ideal.

As an option, you can consider a “dry” screed using expanded clay and gypsum fiber sheets (gypsum fiber sheets).

Creation of a waterproofing layer. It is mounted, as in the first case, the joints are overlapped by about 20 cm, and a margin of 6-7 cm is made on the walls.
Along the entire perimeter of the room, the places where the film comes into contact with the wall are covered with damper tape.
Beacons are displayed.
Expanded clay is poured in portions. It is leveled and lightly compacted. After this, be sure to check that the height is level. This operation is carried out gradually in separate areas. As soon as one piece of the floor is prepared, it is immediately covered with a gypsum fiber board. It is laid in two layers, gluing together and additionally fastened with self-tapping screws.

The seams at the joints of the gypsum plasterboard are puttied; you can go over them with a layer of bitumen waterproofing.
The remains of the film and damper tape are cut off, and the base is ready for finishing.

Insulation of the ground floor floor using mineral or glass wool

If the desire to insulate the floor arose already during the operation of the building, then you will first need to get rid of the old flooring material. When boards are dismantled and later planned to be returned to their place, they can be numbered for ease of assembly.

The condition of the joists and rough flooring is assessed. If there are rotten elements, then work is first carried out to replace them.
Waterproofing. It is better to choose polyethylene with a density of 100 microns or higher. It is laid with an overlap of 10 cm. Near the walls in height, it is necessary to leave a reserve of approximately 10 - 15 cm. If groundwater lie too close to the surface, then it is preferable to choose roofing felt or glassine as a vapor barrier.
Between the finished floor joists the selected insulation is laid. It is covered with another layer of insulating material on top.

A counter-lattice is constructed with a thickness of 2 cm. Its function is to provide a ventilation gap.
A new flooring is being built or the old boards are being installed back.

If you need to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor with mineral wool, then logs are installed first. Vapor barrier films are not required.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the house floor with polystyrene foam

Waterproofing layer created using the technologies described earlier. It is assumed that it is laid on a leveled surface.
Beacons are placed on top.
A cement screed is in progress. Its thickness is 4 cm.
On her in a checkerboard pattern foam boards are installed, which fit tightly to each other when laid. After this, the screed is left alone for a couple of days.
After the first layer has dried, finishing screed is being performed. The beacons for it are attached to the insulation boards. The thickness of the cement layer is 70 mm. It is filled using reinforcing mesh. After leveling and drying the solution, the floor is ready for finishing with any coating.

Proper use of extruded polystyrene when creating floor insulation

If polystyrene foam is placed inside the logs, they should be located at a distance of 60 cm from each other.
Initially, a waterproofing layer is laid, and then insulation is tightly laid between the joists.

By using construction stapler Another layer of vapor barrier is fixed on top. The top of this layered structure is covered with sheets of plywood or boards.
A prerequisite is a ventilation gap, which is left around the perimeter of the entire room (approximately 0.5 cm). It will not be noticeable after installing the skirting boards.
At a relatively high cost, foamed polystyrene creates a high-quality and warm layer that will last a long time. However, experts recommend taking into account next moment when using it: if polystyrene foam was used to insulate floors, then with a similar procedure with the ceiling and walls it is better to give preference to more “breathable” materials so as not to create a greenhouse effect in the home.

Without additional thermal insulation floor becomes the coldest part city apartment.

According to physical laws warm air rises up, being replaced by cold. This effect is aggravated by the location of a city apartment above cold basements and unheated rooms.

In addition to unpleasant sensations, cold floors are unsafe for health, especially if there are small children in the family.

Insulation of the floor in an apartment on the first floor

Cold floors are typical when living on the first floor in old housing stock. This is due to insufficient thermal insulation of basements.

In such houses, no measures were taken to improve waterproofing, so there is dampness from below.

In new buildings there is a concrete floor between apartments and technical rooms, underground garages on the lower level It is not specially insulated. The underground level is most often not heated.

Floors in apartments (linoleum, laminate) are laid directly on the concrete floor, without an air gap.

Apartments on the first floor suffer the most from the cold, giving off heat to the upper rooms and not receiving heat from below. In the best ways Insulation becomes active (using heat, electricity, water) heated floors. In many cases, improving the floor is sufficient laying a thermal insulation layer.

Technologies for improving thermal insulation

All floor reconstruction technologies using bulk, sheet, and block heat insulators are built on the principle of creating an artificial obstacle made of materials with low thermal conductivity in the path of cold air.

When planning insulation you need calculate their weight, volume, placement method.

The most popular is the construction of an additional volume under the wooden floor, into which heat insulators are placed.

Simple structures built on laying under the floor wooden frame(lag), between which a heat insulator is placed.

A new floor is laid on the outer surface of the joists.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant reduction in useful volume apartments - when reconstructing the floor, its height can increase up to ten centimeters.

For old apartments, an accurate calculation of the weight of the heat insulator is required, which may be excessive for worn-out floors.

Insulation materials

The list of thermal insulation materials used in construction and repair technologies is quite large.

In terms of efficiency, ease of installation, the best thermal insulators relate:

synthetic materials (foam plastic, penoplex, expanded polystyrene, teplex);
modern wood fiber insulation;
mineral wool;
fiberglass;
gypsum fiber sheets;
liquid ceramic heat insulators.

In modern practice, bulk heat insulators are practically not used. The oldest of them, sawdust, is susceptible to rotting, mold, and is a fire hazard.

Not bad thermal insulation properties of expanded clay are leveled out by the large weight of bulk material.

Wood-fiber sheet materials and liquid ceramic heat insulators have proven themselves to be excellent, but they are expensive.

Fiberglass materials are quite heavy and can clump together and cause allergies.

Quite expensive and mineral wool slabs. Thermal insulation properties are ensured by the low thermal conductivity of fibers from the melt of volcanic basalts, diabase, and porphyrite.

Thin fibers are held together with phenol-formaldehyde binders, improve sound insulation, are strong and durable.

For simple self-insulation most acceptable synthetic thermal insulators, from a wide range of which you can make your own choice.

Do-it-yourself floor insulation

Wooden frame made of logs(wooden slats) are quite simple to make. Their size is chosen based on the thickness of the insulation.

In addition to the heat insulator, the log will need:

wooden frame fastening(dowels, screws, anchors);
construction glue, mastic;
waterproofing layer(in the very simple version– dense polyethylene);
construction foam(if necessary, to fill gaps in hard-to-reach places).

The bottom layer of waterproofing is laid on the concrete base, after which the logs are attached to the concrete.

The pitch between the logs may depend on the cutting of the heat insulator; it is considered optimal distance between bars 60 centimeters. Joists in apartments above wet basements can be additionally treated with water-repellent impregnations.

A heat insulator is placed in the gaps, which is covered with an outer layer of polyethylene on top.

Attaches to joists wooden base gender(finish floor covering). Ventilation gaps are left near the walls.

Warm floors with artificial coolants

Warm water floors in city apartments they are rarely equipped, requiring autonomous heating, a large amount of installation work, and calculation of the structure by weight.

Electric heat is more efficient, infrared heating polo V. Warm floors with electric heating take up minimal usable space and do not require complete reconstruction.

Significant cost of electric heated floor(about $100 per square meter) often forces residents to equip them only with cold plumbing rooms, although installation is possible throughout the entire apartment.

A cold floor in an apartment is problem number one. Residents of the first floors suffer from constant blowing from below. Even by insulating the ceiling and walls, you will not improve the situation, since the main contact area is the floor covering. There is only one way out. High-quality floor insulation will not only create comfort in the rooms, but will also reduce material costs for heating.

Types of insulation, which one is better to choose

The types of existing insulation materials allow you to make the choice that is most suitable for each individual case. Bulk materials, slabs, roll version, as well as liquid composition, each is suitable for insulating the floor on the first floor.

Bulk materials Varieties of bulk insulating materials include expanded clay, foam chips, slag and some others. Their advantage is the ability to fill the space between the existing sheathing as much as possible. Expanded clay also has low thermal conductivity, high strength and durability.

Plate materials This type of insulation is also divided depending on their main component. These are mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, basalt fiber, vermiculite and others. They are lightweight and have low thermal conductivity. To increase thermal insulation, they are used in combination with roll insulation.

Polystyrene foam is an environmentally friendly finishing material that is affordable, but is fragile and melts when heated. More good option- this is expanded polystyrene, which has a high density, and besides, it is not flammable.

Vermiculite is also an environmentally friendly material, but expensive in slab form. An alternative may be its granular form, which is much cheaper.

Roll materials Mineral wool, cork mats, and foil insulation with different numbers of layers are produced in this form.

Some species from this category are thin, so to preserve floor heat, it is better to combine them with thick varieties. As for mineral wool, which is an excellent thermal insulator, it copes with the task as independent option. Add its low cost and you get an excellent solution to the problem.

Liquid insulation materials This insulation is a mixture of cement mortar with expanded clay, foam chips or wood shavings.

Popular liquid insulation- penoizol. This is a polymer with a foamed structure. The entire space is filled with it using specialized equipment.

There is also an environmentally friendly material, but rejected by many. Plant fiber from straw compressed into mats is an excellent alternative modern materials. The only negative point is that over time it decomposes, like any organic matter.

One of the factors influencing the choice of insulation is the type of floor base - concrete or wood. Also, the design features of the insulation process are influenced by the presence of a basement or its absence.

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Insulation of concrete floor

On the one hand, the concrete base is durable, which is why it is the main material for flooring in apartment buildings. But it holds the cold firmly. This is especially noticeable on the ground floor, regardless of whether there is a basement or the floors are located near the ground. In any case, a thermal insulation device is required.

If you have a basement, you must also provide waterproofing, since the dampness that forms below will be deposited on the walls in the form of mold.

You need to start insulating the floor with preparatory work. Remove the clean coating, check the concrete base for cracks, crevices and other deformations. Eliminate existing defects by filling with cement mortar and leaving until completely dry. Then treat the surface with an impregnation specifically designed to strengthen cement and concrete.
Next, a waterproofing layer is laid, for which polyethylene film is successfully used. Its edges should be placed 15 cm on the walls.
Construction of a frame for insulating material. The logs are placed on the pre-laid bars, and the structure itself is attached to the concrete base.
The next stage is laying insulation. The first layer can be loose. On top of it the space between structural elements filled with any other type of insulation product.
To ensure moisture resistance, the structure is covered with a waterproofing film, fixing it to the joists using staples.

At this point the insulation process can be completed. But if the height of the room and the family budget allow, you can enhance the thermal insulation properties of the floor base. Plywood or boards are suitable as a subfloor, it depends on the type of clean coating.

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Insulation of a wooden floor

Wood flooring is practical and aesthetically pleasing appearance, environmental friendliness, it is warmer than concrete. But this type of coating on the ground floor also needs to be insulated. The technological process follows a certain sequence.

Dismantle the existing covering, checking its integrity.
Fill the space between the joists with sheets of mineral wool or polystyrene foam. If expanded clay is used as insulation, choose fine granulation. Pour out the bulk and compact it so that the backfill is uniform and dense. But before you deal with expanded clay, lay waterproofing in the form of plastic film.
The next layer is gypsum fiber sheets, which differ from plasterboard in their increased strength. The seams are filled with putty and the finished floor can be laid.

Expanded clay insulation is the most reliable option for heat preservation. It can also be laid on a concrete base. It has minimal thermal conductivity, low density, and is very lightweight.

how to get rid of fungus on the walls in an apartment

External insulation options

External insulation, that is, a series of activities carried out in the basement, will play a huge role in insulating the floor on the first floor. This is not always realistic, and not every material is suitable for these purposes, but when conditions allow, this opportunity is worth using.

It is impossible not to take into account the presence of existing communications that interfere with the work. The use of mineral wool is unacceptable if the basement humidity is high. While complying with fire safety standards, foam insulation also has a certain risk, but in some cases it is possible. To the ceiling basement glue the insulation sheets with a ready-made compound sold in specialized stores. Fill the joints with polyurethane foam.

The most optimal solution is to insulate the door to the basement. Even if it’s a little, you can keep the heat in this way. The access of cold air will stop if the ventilation hole in the basement is closed for the winter.

Warm floor

Insulated floors of the new type, in addition to maintaining the thermal regime of the floor covering, also increase the air temperature. Their varieties differ in the principle of operation and cost, both during installation and during operation.

Infrared floors are a special purpose film. Placed directly under the finishing coating.
Electric ones are mounted in the screed or on top of the rough flooring. Installation of such a floor is quite simple, but the negative point is its high energy consumption.
Water pumps are a tube with circulating water. They are buried in the screed. This is the most economical option during installation and operation. First, one of the classic insulation materials is laid on the floor to reduce heat loss. Spreads over the top reinforcement mesh, designed for fastening pipes using clamps. The tubes themselves are arranged in a spiral, and water is poured into them. And only after special testing is carried out, the screed is performed. When it dries, you can begin installing a clean floor. The effect obtained from insulation in this way will meet all expectations.

Every person tends to strive for savings and comfortable conditions. To get both at the same time, it is enough to use one of the methods of insulating the floor in an apartment on the first floor. You will feel comfort instantly, but the economic effect will be your companion throughout the entire time you live in a warm room.

Video: insulating the floor above a cold basement

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How to insulate the floor on the first floor - choice of material

By reinforced concrete slabs Overlapping floor insulation in an apartment on the first floor can be done using dry or wet screed technology, or thermal insulation can be laid between the joists of a wooden floor. After eliminating heat loss in the floors, you can significantly improve the quality of living by adding heated floor contours to the design.

Selection of thermal insulation material

When designing the insulation of a concrete floor on the first floor in an apartment or country house, you should take into account the features of existing thermal insulation materials:

Vapor barrier;
Thermal conductivity;
Density;
Price.

For the same conditions in construction, there are always several technical solutions. An option is selected with a rational combination of the construction budget, safety margin and operational life, taking into account the requirements of the developer and the actual conditions of the project.

Compatible with concrete and wood

Before insulating a concrete floor in an apartment on your own, you need to consider the following nuances:

the necessary increase in the level of the finishing floor covering;
the presence of underfloor heating circuits and its design (electric, water, film);
characteristics of the construction materials used.

To eliminate heat loss from the lower floor, foamed polymers are not considered in principle. The materials most in demand for these purposes are:

Important! Specific insulation materials should be considered only in conjunction with their installation technology. Since for some finishing floor coverings only screeds are suitable, for others - a wooden subfloor.

Layer thickness

Insulation materials do not have the same thermal conductivity, which affects the thickness of the layer to eliminate the same heat loss. For the materials under consideration, this characteristic is:

The thermal conductivity of all of these insulation materials, with the exception of expanded clay, is approximately the same, operational properties are different. For example, ecowool is considered the only effective means against mice, in all other thermal insulators these rodents either make passages or settle in families.

When choosing expanded clay, you will need a much larger layer to insulate the floor in your apartment with your own hands to the level of other materials. However, it is this bulk product that is used in dry screeds, which is why it is considered on an equal basis with the others.

Technology selection

Before insulating the floor on the first floor of an apartment, you need to consider several technologies depending on factors:

room humidity - in bathrooms and kitchens there are hot water supply, cold water and sewage pipes, there is a high probability of leaks, so it is better not to use dry screeds and wooden floors on joists with your own hands, preference should be given concrete screed or self-leveling floor;
type of flooring - porcelain stoneware and tiles have a maximum service life exclusively on screeds; for parquet and tongue-and-groove boards, logs or a wooden subfloor are more convenient; for other coverings (laminate, carpet, linoleum, PVC tiles) there is not much difference.

However, the performance characteristics of insulation materials limit their use in some technologies:

it is impossible to lay ecowool in the screed;
expanded clay will mix with concrete and float to the surface, the thermal conductivity of the material will change and grinding or leveling with a self-leveling floor will be required;
foam glass and expanded polystyrene EPS will withstand any operational loads under a layer of concrete, will not get wet over time, and will retain their initial characteristics;
mineral wool will drain away from wooden logs excess moisture that penetrates inside the cake, despite the presence of vapor barrier membranes;
Ecowool is also hydrophobic and does not shrink, but it is more difficult to work with and it is almost impossible to install heated floor contours into the material.

Advice! Dry screed is chosen for residential premises to reduce repair time. In this technology, expanded clay is poured under the GVL slabs, finishing is possible on the same day.

Concrete screed

If there are slabs reinforced concrete floors The floor of the first floor is easiest to make using wet screed technology. Design features are:

minimum layer thickness – 3 cm;
construction material – sand concrete (proportion 1/3, cement, sand, respectively) or ready-mixed concrete with a fine filler fraction (crushed stone 5/20 mm);
waterproofing - applied on top of the floor slab, extending onto the walls by 15 - 20 cm, carried out using coating or pasting technology in a continuous layer;
insulation – foam glass or extruded high-density polystyrene foam.

Wet screed with a layer of insulation.

The main advantage of a wet screed is the ability to add heated floor contours and acoustic material to the design.

Important! The thickness of the screed is calculated from the last (upper) layer located inside it, that is, from the insulation or water-heated floor pipes.

The technology has been thoroughly developed by generations of developers and does not have complex operations:

finding the top point - in all rooms at an arbitrary height, a laser plane builder creates marks of a single horizontal level, the distance from the line to the ceiling is measured, the smallest value will be at the top point of the structure;
waterproofing - two layers of bitumen or polymer mastic or waterproofing membrane;
laying insulation - a 5-10 cm thick layer of EPS with a continuous layer, filling the cracks with polyurethane foam;
installation of a damper - the walls at the junction points with the slab are covered with rubber tape or strips of insulation 2 cm thick are installed;
reinforcement - wire mesh is laid with an overlap of at least 5 cm on polymer spacers that provide a protective layer of concrete;
heated floor - used as needed, pipes are attached to the wire mesh with clamps or twisted wires;
beacons - the profile is installed on a quick-hardening starting putty in a single horizontal level to ensure a screed thickness of at least 3 cm at the top point;
pouring - concrete is placed between the beacons, the excess is removed using a rule or a vibrating lath;
grinding - in order to reduce the thickness of the layer and level out possible unevenness of hardened concrete, the surface is processed with a grinder.

Screed by warm floor.

Instead of sanding, you can use a thin layer (5 - 10 mm) of self-leveling floor, which can simultaneously serve as a finishing coat.

Dry screed

The main nuances in the manufacture and implementation of a dry screed project are:

thermal conductivity of the structure, even in panel house will be 0.25 - 0.35 W/m*K;
structural noise will decrease by 20 dBa, airborne noise by 3 dBa;
thermal insulation of the floor is ensured by a 2–8 cm layer of expanded clay sand, on top of which two layers of gypsum plasterboard are laid;
the compressive strength of the structure is 22 MPa; porcelain stoneware can be glued or laminate installed.

Dry screed.

You can walk on gypsum fiber boards during the installation process and cover them on the same day.

Advice! Despite the presence of moisture-resistant gypsum fiber board, it is better not to use this technology in kitchens, bathrooms, and other wet rooms. Even before laying the tiles, the surface of the gypsum fiber boards will have to be additionally treated with waterproofing, which will increase the repair budget.

Wooden floor with joists

In budget or, conversely, luxury interiors, wooden flooring is often used. Therefore, instead of a screed, you can immediately make a plank flooring or subfloor from wood-containing chipboard/OSB boards and plywood. Although wood coverings have high thermal insulation properties, it may be necessary additional insulation, for example, if the 1st floor is located above the underground.

In this case, a leveling screed is not necessary; they are mounted level load-bearing elements structures - logs. The insulation is laid between them, it is protected from below by waterproofing, and from above by vapor barrier. There are no absolutely impermeable materials; a certain amount of moisture penetrates into the structure. Therefore, in this case, you should choose mineral or ecowool, which will partially absorb moisture and release it back when the microclimate in the room changes.

The best solution for this technology is an adjustable floor:

logs are placed on floor slabs on studs;
after adjusting the horizontal level, the protruding part of the studs is cut off by an angle grinder;
the space is filled with ecowool, basalt slabs or glass wool;
the insulation is sutured with a vapor barrier membrane;
a subfloor made of plywood is installed, edged boards or chipboard.

Important! If the lag pitch is within 40 cm, you can do without a subfloor if you choose a tongue and groove board as the floor covering.

Thus, the concrete floor of the lower floor in an apartment can be insulated in several ways. The main task of the developer is to select a thermal insulation material suitable for a specific technology and maintain the minimum thickness of the structure layer.

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Cold floors in apartments located on the first floors are a fairly common phenomenon. The floor in any apartment is the coldest place - due to the fact that warm air rises up to the ceiling. And the first floor aggravates this situation by the fact that under the apartment there is an unheated space (basement, subfloor) or ground. In this case, additional efforts must be made to insulate the floor.

You will need

Kit construction tools, polyurethane foam, insulation (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc.), vapor barrier, dry mixture for screed.

Instructions

Insulation of the basement space One of the most common causes of a cold floor is insufficient tightness of the basement space. Check the base around the perimeter from the inside of the basement or subfloor for cracks. If found, seal them with foam. Do the same work for the basement floor.

When it gets cold, don't forget to close ventilation holes in the basement of the house.

Choosing a method of floor insulation Decide on a method of floor insulation.

The choice of a specific insulation method depends on the type of floor covering and the distance from the concrete base to the maximum possible floor level (the level of the lower edge of entrance and interior doors).

If the floor is covered with a floorboard and its quality is quite satisfactory, the most economical and in a fast way the floor will be insulated with mineral wool. If at the same time as insulation you are going to replace floorboard for something else, you can insulate the floor with one of the types of polystyrene foam. This material provides a high level of thermal insulation.

If your floor is a cement screed with laid linoleum or ceramic tiles and at the same time there is sufficient space for laying insulation and additional screed, a good option is to insulate the floor with polystyrene foam.

If there is not enough space for thick insulation, you should choose thinner materials, for example, soft fiberboard or gypsum plasterboard.

Floor insulation with mineral wool Dismantle the floorboards, marking them with chalk to maintain the same order during subsequent installation. Check the tightness of the base and vapor barrier (if any). Seal any cracks found in the base with foam. If the quality of the existing vapor barrier is good, you don’t have to change it. If the vapor barrier seal is broken, replace it with a new one.

Place mineral wool slabs between the joists, making sure that they fit snugly against the joists and walls. Lay the floorboards, maintaining the same installation order.

Floor insulation with polystyrene foam

Remove the existing floor (wood planks, linoleum, laminate, parquet, etc.) down to the concrete base. If the floor is covered with ceramic tiles, there is no need to touch them.

Place a vapor barrier on the concrete base. Lay down a layer of polystyrene foam. Cover it with plastic wrap. Lay a reinforced screed made of cement or a mortar prepared from a special dry mixture on top of the film.

The further procedure depends on the selected type of flooring.

Insulating the floor with plasterboard.

Remove the floor covering. Level the concrete base if necessary - fill the depressions with putty, grind off the protrusions. Lay a layer of vapor barrier with a bend on the walls.

Lay 12 mm thick gypsum plasterboard sheets. Place edge strip along the perimeter (between the wall and the ends of the sheets) to compensate for temperature and humidity fluctuations in the size of the drywall. Coat the surface of the drywall with adhesive mastic and lay the second layer of drywall, paying attention that the joints of the top sheets do not coincide with the joints of the lower sheets. When the mastic hardens, putty and prime the surface of the drywall.

Install new flooring. It can be anything - laminate, parquet, linoleum, tile.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

If there is not enough free height for laying insulation, the problem of cold floors can be solved with the help of electric heating. The smallest option in terms of thickness is a floor with a film heating element made of polyester film with graphite, on top of which a laminate is laid.

Sources:

how to insulate a cold apartment

How to insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor

www.kakprosto.ru

How to properly insulate the first floor floor

Many city apartment owners prefer to live no lower than the ninth floor. And it's their choice. But this option is not suitable for elderly people and young families with children if the elevator in the house is not always working. For the former, it is a big problem to go up and down the stairs, while for the latter, it is difficult to carry strollers up and down. Therefore, the first floor is optimal for this category of residents. But this option has its drawbacks. They concern heat loss through the floor in the rooms. Experts say that the temperature difference between the floor and the interior space should be a couple of degrees. If this figure is higher, then you will have to insulate the floor of the first floor.

Some technical points

Let's start by making one very important note. Any thermal insulation process is best carried out outside residential premises. It is important to take into account here that the point of condensation of moist air vapor will be at the border of the concrete base and insulation, which usually leads to a loss of quality of the latter. To prevent this from happening, the insulation must be laid outside the concrete slab, that is, on the side of low temperatures.

How can this be done in relation to the floor of the first floor? Much will depend on what kind of basement is located in the house. Most often this is a technical room with general building communication networks. The temperature inside can be higher than outside, but it is not enough to be considered normal. To insulate the ground floor floor from the basement, you need to coordinate your actions with the service company, that is, obtain permission to carry out thermal insulation work. Usually there are no problems with this.

Now you need to determine the location of your apartment based on the house plan. Be sure to mark the floors with chalk or paint so you don't have to search for them again. The rest of the process is quite simple. To do this, you need to take, for example, polystyrene foam and stick it using a special adhesive composition on the floor plane from the basement side. Install the panels tightly to each other, and if there are gaps, fill them with foam. Polystyrene foam quickly absorbs moisture. And if the humidity in the basement is high enough, which happens often, cover the insulation with plastic film, which is attached to the ceiling with the same glue.

But it is not always possible to carry out the process of thermal insulation of the floor on the 1st floor from the basement side. This means that it will have to be moved to the apartment.

How to insulate the floor from inside an apartment

There are many insulation options. They all differ from each other in the thermal insulation materials used and the technology of their installation. But in all processes there is one operation, the quality of which will largely determine the final result. This is a vapor barrier for the floor on the first floor. What is this layer for?

Scheme for laying insulation on a concrete floor

Again, we return to the humid air, which always exists and will be in the basement. Let us recall that the place of condensation of moist vapors is the boundary of concrete and insulation. And since the process has moved into the rooms, this place also moves to the surface of the concrete base. If you do not carry out preliminary work to protect the floor, moisture will accumulate on the floor, which will affect the quality of the thermal insulators.

This problem can be solved in another way, using moisture-resistant types of insulation. For example, extruded polystyrene foam boards. This is an excellent material that is denser and more durable than foam. But it's still not worth the risk. Lay down plastic film, because the cost of it is low.

And one more point that experts pay special attention to. Various materials differ in the degree of heat absorption. For example, concrete slab has a high heat absorption coefficient, and wood, on the contrary, is low. To make a warm floor in your apartment on the ground floor, you need to take into account exactly this coefficient. That's why such Decoration Materials, like parquet, polymer tiles, linoleum and floorboards are the optimal solution to the issue of floor insulation.

Insulation technology

So, insulating the floor of the first floor from inside the apartment should begin with laying a vapor barrier. For this you can use ordinary polyethylene film 200 microns thick. It is laid out over the entire area, and if the floor is not covered with one strip, then the vapor barrier strips are overlapped by 10–15 centimeters. The edges of the material must be connected with construction tape.

Attention! The polyethylene film is laid in such a way that its edges lie on the wall surfaces, covering them 20 centimeters above the level of the finished floor base. In fact, you should get a kind of pit in the shape of a room.

Laying mineral wool

Now you need to choose insulation. If the base of the floor in your apartment is a concrete floor slab, then when carrying out insulation, you will be faced with the problem of reducing the height of the ceilings. Whether you like it or not, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, as well as the finishing, will reduce this size. Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at the height of your ceilings and determining how much they can be reduced. After which you can choose a heat insulator.

The easiest way to insulate a floor is to fill it with expanded clay and then fill it with screed. If the room is small, then you can fill the insulation over its entire area. If the room is of decent size, then it is necessary to divide the floor into several sections and backfill the expanded clay over them. After which you can pour the screed over the heat-insulating material itself or over the waterproofing and reinforcing frame. Again, everything will depend on the size of the room. The larger they are, the more additional materials will have to be used to increase the strength of the poured surface.

It is this insulation option that is most often used today. Yes, it is not as simple as it seems. The screed will take longer to dry before finishing works. But anyone can insulate a floor in this way with their own hands, since the technology is very simple. The same cannot be said about insulation using a joist structure and a finished floor made of boards. Here too big problems does not arise, but not everyone will be able to cope with the installation processes required with this technology. And the height of the ceilings during the construction of a log structure is significantly reduced, which is not acceptable in all apartment buildings, especially the old model.

However, this technology is often used, and the work time is reduced due to the fact that there is no need to wait for something to dry. You installed the joists, filled the plank floor and continue finishing with flooring materials. Therefore, let's consider this insulation option.

Insulation using a joist structure

Expanded polystyrene in joists

Where does it all begin? As usual, starting with laying a vapor barrier, the technology of which is described in the previous section. After that, logs are installed, which are attached to the concrete base with self-tapping screws. Please note that the thicker the floorboards, the less often you can install logs.

Now you need to insulate the floor. For this, insulation is selected, for example, mineral wool or polystyrene foam, which is tightly placed in the space between the joists. Try to leave no gaps, cracks or gaps. If any are found, fill them with polyurethane foam. Special attention pay attention to the space between the walls and the insulation. And one moment. Leave a small gap between the heat insulator and the floorboards, which will act as ventilation. This will increase the service life of the floor structure in general and thermal insulation in particular several times.

AND final stage- a waterproofing layer, for example, polyethylene film, is laid, and floorboards or plywood are filled. Why is waterproofing necessary? You will still be doing wet cleaning, which means that water will penetrate under the boards, which threatens to reduce the quality characteristics of the insulation. In addition, you are not insured against spilling liquids from cups, glasses, glasses, vases and other vessels. Waterproofing will stand guard and prevent liquid from entering thermal insulation materials.

Installation of heated floors

Wooden floor

Warm floors as an alternative to the listed options are also used quite widely. It can be mounted on both the first and second floors, regardless of the requirements:

Firstly, it will be an insulated surface.
Secondly, with its help you can change the microclimate in the apartment by reducing the humidity coming from the basement.
Thirdly, you can thus create more comfortable conditions accommodation.

Some useful tips:

The easiest way to install a heated floor is to lay it in a leveling screed. Here you can use both electric and water system.
Water-heated floors can also be laid on a wooden base. True, you will have to tinker here. After all, polymer pipes must be laid in specially made grooves and covered with foil from below. After which a finishing coating should be installed on such a floor.

Modern methods

Modern market building materials is annually replenished with new products, which in many respects are superior to traditional products. The same can be said for insulation materials. For example, extruded polystyrene foam. This is essentially polystyrene foam, but denser. It is made in the form of sheets that can be laid on the floor without any frames.

Old classic technology

The only thing that is required is a flat plane without large differences. You don't even need a vapor barrier. Sheets of expanded polystyrene are laid staggered on the floor and attached to the base using glue and mushroom-shaped screws. Why at random? This ensures an even distribution of the load over the entire floor area. This material is so dense that it is highly durable, and you can walk on it in shoes without any fear that it will deteriorate or break.

The most amazing thing is that you can pour a screed onto sheets of expanded polystyrene, install a plank floor, lay ceramic tiles, install a “warm floor” system, etc. That is, in many respects this is perfect option floor insulation in apartments on the first floor. It is not as cheap as polystyrene foam, although it is its modified counterpart, but it has excellent qualities. So your expenses will pay off very quickly.

Conclusion on the topic

Insulating the floor of the first floor in many houses is necessary. There are options, as you can see. Which one to choose, you decide for yourself. But if it is possible to use the first option from the basement, then choose it. If this is not possible, then look at the circumstances. After all, not everyone can, for example, build frame system or pouring the screed and waiting a few days for it to dry. So everyone should approach construction operations based on their capabilities and the design of the house.