Figs in a pot: care. Growing figs in the garden and at home: planting, care, varietal diversity

During its existence, figs have acquired many names. It is called a fig or a fig tree, a fig or a fig tree. The genus of figs is deciduous ficuses. The plant is a bushy tree that can grow up to three meters in height.

Individual specimens can reach fifteen meters. The trees are covered with light gray bark and consist of thick, slightly branched branches. Hard, hairy leaves of a beautiful carved shape. The outer part of the sheet plate has green color, and the inner one is greyish green. If the shoots or leaves are damaged, a thick milky juice is intensively released.

Female plants are called figs. It is they who bloom with pistil flowers and produce edible fruits. Male representatives are called caprifigs. They form two types of flowers: pistillate and staminate.

Of the former, inedible fruits are subsequently formed, and the latter are needed for pollination of fig flowers. For pollination (caprification) are responsible small wasps - blastophages that live in male flowers.

fig trees at proper care able to bear fruit every year.

Moreover, flower buds, from which inflorescences and berries develop, are laid in the axils of each leaflet. Dioecious varieties are not suitable for growing in an apartment, because pollination will not occur. For these purposes, special dwarf self-fertile varieties figs, which form female inflorescences and can set fruit without pollination.

Cultivation of fig trees in open field possible only in the southern regions. In cold climates, figs are grown indoors. For this purpose, varieties that do not need caprification have been bred:

Kadota. Forms large pear-shaped rounded ribbed fruits correct form, weighing up to one hundred grams. Tasteful berries, 5-9 cm in size and 2.4-2.8 cm in diameter, have yellow with green tint color and golden flesh. Self fertile variety. Can produce a second crop on young growth.
Sukhumi purple. Gives medium fruits, the weight of which does not exceed 50 grams. The shape of the berries is pear-shaped asymmetrical with slight ribbing. The color of the fig is blue-violet, and the flesh is red. Figs have pleasant taste characteristics with moderate sweetness. Self-fertile, but produces only one crop per year.
Dalmatian. The first harvest consists of large berries, weighing up to 130 grams, and the second - from smaller fruits up to 65 grams. The berries are pear-shaped, elongated, slightly expanded at the top, have a light green color. Red juicy flesh is moderately sweet in taste. Fruiting occurs twice per season. Harvest time: July and October.
Adriatic white. Forms fruits at the beginning and at the end of summer. Each berry weighs about 60 grams and has a rounded slightly elongated shape with a pale yellow-green color. Taste characteristics are good, with rich sweetness.
Seedling of Ogloblin. The variety is obtained from a parent pair grown only in room conditions. The peculiarity of this variety is that the autumn berries that have appeared are stored all winter and do not increase. And with the advent of spring, they begin to grow and become normal in size by the summer period. Pear-shaped fruits are moderately sweet. When mature, they are yellowish green in color. At cutting propagation reach fruitful maturity in the second third year of life.
October gift. The Crimean variety of figs was obtained by breeders of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The berries are rounded with a slightly elongated top, similar to the Kadota variety, but much tastier.

There are many more varieties that are able to grow and bear fruit on the windowsill, among which are: Sary Alsheron, Kusarchay, Uzbek yellow, Sochi No. 7 and No. 8, Muason, Black Pearl.

All indoor varieties different small size trees and are self-fertile. It is known that figs began to be grown at home as early as the seventeenth century. Therefore grow fig tree on the windowsill today will not be difficult.

Indoor figs can be propagated in three ways: seeds, cuttings and root shoots. The most popular reproduction is through cuttings, because in this case, fruiting occurs in 2-3 years. In second place is reproduction through seeds. Trees begin to bear fruit after 5-6 years. Cultivation of figs by root shoots in indoor floriculture is rarely practiced due to the high risk of injury to the root system and subsequent death of the plant.

Growing figs from seeds:

Room fig seeds are suitable for germination within two years. When planting seed material should be given Special attention soil composition. Figs are suitable for light soil with a high content of humic acids. But an excess of carbonates negatively affects the condition of the plant.
To prepare the soil for sowing seeds, you need to take coarse sand and humus in equal amounts. A soil mixture of peat, humus and sand is also suitable.
Landing containers must be provided with good drainage. 2-3 grains are sown in each. Subsequently, the strongest plant is left from the seedlings.
sown shallowly and cover the containers with polyethylene so as not to retain moisture. For germination, you need to withstand a temperature of 24-27 degrees. If all conditions are met, then the first shoots can be expected in 2-4 weeks.

Cutting rules:

To do this, prepare the material. I do this in the middle of winter, when the tree sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period. For cutting cuttings, the central parts of the branches from an adult fruit-bearing plant, which is at least five years old, are most suitable. It should be borne in mind that the rooting of green cuttings is not going well. Branches must be ripe. On each fragment, at least fifteen centimeters long, there should be three to four internodes. The lower part of the cutting is made at an angle, and the upper part is straight, departing from the extreme kidney 1-2 cm.
After fragmentation, the cuttings must be kept for 5-6 hours in a dry, cool place until the juice ceases to stand out. According to the recommendations of some flower growers, for the same purpose, oozing cuttings are placed in warm water.
When the secretion of juice stops, longitudinal scratches are made on the lower parts of the cuttings, destroying upper layer bark to cambium. This procedure has a beneficial effect on the formation of a powerful root system.
After manipulations, the cuttings are placed in a biostimulant solution and kept for the time set according to the instructions. After that, the cuttings can be planted.
To root the cuttings, you need to prepare containers that are filled in layers: drainage, from expanded clay or pebbles - about two centimeters; soil, loose fertile soil is suitable, the layer of which should be close to seven centimeters; sandy, a four-centimeter layer is poured from pre-calcined sand.
The sand layer must be moistened and holes made in it. After removing from the stimulator, the cuttings are washed running water, powder the lower sections with ash and place in the holes. The sand around the cutting needs to be compacted. The containers are covered with a jar or a transparent bag.
For rooting cuttings need a temperature in the range of 23-26 degrees. The cuttings take root within one and a half months, during which it is necessary to ventilate the seedlings and moisten the sand.

According to the second method, until the roots form, the cuttings can be kept in a container with water, which is changed every 2-3 days. Then immediately planted in the ground.

In order for figs to develop well and bear fruit, a number of conditions must be met:

Light mode. Figs love sunny places. With a lack of light, it will develop poorly and the fruits will not have time to ripen.
Temperature regime. The temperature in the room is maintained the same as when rooting the cuttings.
Irrigation. Needs abundant watering in the summer. In spring and autumn, the plant should be watered as needed. The tree will tell about the lack of moisture with twisted leaves that will begin to fall off.
Humidity. Needs spraying only during the dry season.
Fertilizer. During the growing season, twice a month, top dressing is alternately applied in the form of a solution of organic and.
. The plant grows quite quickly and requires an annual transplant in order to increase the planting capacity. Figs are transplanted at the end of winter, before the start of the growing season.
When the crown grows, it is recommended to conduct a component. It should be remembered that the more young shoots, the better fruiting will be. Pruning is carried out in autumn or winter, when the plant sheds leaves. Intensively growing shoots are cut by a third. Cut parts can be rooted.
Closer to winter, figs shed their leaves and go into a dormant period. At this time, it is recommended to reduce the temperature to 15-18 months, and you need to water the plant cold water. If dormancy does not occur, it is recommended to reduce watering and reduce the temperature of water and air.

Figs grown indoors are rarely susceptible to diseases and pests. But if the conditions are not met or in the summer the plant is on the street, then diseases can develop: gray rot and brown or coral spotting.

Pests of figs are specific and are represented by fig psyllid, fig moth and mealybug. From neighboring plants, infection with a spider mite is possible.

If signs of disease or the presence of pests are detected, sanitization: Remove affected leaves and twigs and spray with systemic fungicides.

It does not take much effort to grow figs and wait for the fruits. It is enough to choose the right variety, choose the soil mixture, plant and follow simple recommendations. When waiting for the fruits, you should be patient, especially if the figs were grown from seeds.

More information can be found in the video:

Representatives of the genus Ficus have long won the love of owners indoor gardens. But growing figs at home is an occupation that is still unfamiliar to most flower growers. But there are many varieties of culture bred specifically for this. They are distinguished by short stature, the ability to self-pollinate and abundant fruiting. On some of them, the crop ripens twice a year. At the same time, it is quite easy to take care of them.

The popular love for figs is reflected in its many names. In different localities, it is known under the name of a fig tree (fig), a fig tree (fig), a wine berry. In Russia, this heat-loving exotic crop has been grown indoors for more than 4 centuries, so the secrets of its successful cultivation have long been revealed.

Features of seed reproduction

For propagation of figs, you can use:

seeds;
root suckers;
cuttings.

The generative method is rarely used when breeding a fig tree. It is faster and easier to propagate it by cuttings. But if there is no other way out, you will have to sow the seeds. They are distinguished by good germination, without losing it even after 2 years of storage.

Sowing is carried out in a mixture of humus and sand, taken in equal volumes. 1.5-2 cm are left between the seeds in the planting container. They are covered with a 2-3 cm layer of soil. Having abundantly moistened the soil after sowing, a plastic film is pulled over the container or glass is placed. The nutrient substrate must remain moist at all times.

For seed germination, a temperature in the range of 25-27˚C is needed. Under all conditions, the sprouts will appear from the ground for 15-21 days. When they are 1 month old, the seedlings will need to be planted in separate pots. They should not be too wide, 9-10 cm in diameter is enough. During the fruiting period, figs grown from seeds usually enter at 4-5 years of age, but can produce a crop earlier.

Planting cuttings

The best time for cutting cuttings from adult figs is early spring, when the leaves on the plant have not yet blossomed. But practiced summer planting. The length of the cut shoots should be no more than 15 cm, and the optimal number of buds on them is 3-4. Lignified and green cuttings root equally well. From below, the cut is made oblique, retreating 1-1.5 cm from the extreme kidney. From above, it should be even. Correct Distance from the kidney to the top of the cutting is 1 cm.

In order for the cut branch to take root faster, its lower part is slightly scratched with a sharp knife, leaving longitudinal marks.

Fresh cuttings are kept in a cool and dry room for 5-6 hours. During this time, the milky juice that stands out from the wounds must dry. Having prepared a solution of an organic growth stimulator, cuttings are placed in it. After 10-12 hours they can be planted in a pot.

Fig roots are afraid of excessive moisture, so the bottom of the container is covered with a drainage layer, the thickness of which is 1 cm. Next, the pot is filled with a nutrient substrate. It is pre-steamed to disinfect.

If the soil mixture for figs is prepared independently, the following components are taken for it in a ratio of 2: 1: 1:

leaf humus;
turf;
sand.

The soil layer should be 6 cm. From above it is covered with 3-4 cm of calcined and purified river sand. Having abundantly moistened the substrate, they make shallow (3 cm) planting pits, leaving 8 cm of free space between them. Dipping the cutting in wood ash, place it in the hole. The sand near the future fig trunk is compacted by pressing it well with your fingers. Planted cuttings and the surface of the substrate are sprayed with water from a spray bottle. If individual pots were used, a cropped one is placed on top plastic bottle or glass jar. When planting in boxes, they make a kind of greenhouse, constructing a wire frame and covering it with a film.

Conditions for rooting cuttings

In order for the cuttings to take root faster, they need moderate soil moisture and heat. The condition of the sand is closely monitored, not allowing it to dry out. The air in the room should be warmed up to 22-25˚C. Rooting cuttings takes 4 to 5 weeks. Then they are given a month to get stronger, after which it will be possible to plant young figs from the box into individual containers of small (10-12 cm) diameter.

A tree grown from a cutting will bear the first fruits already in the 2nd year of life. Its roots can form new shoots. They are carefully separated and placed in a separate pot, putting a plastic bag on it after planting. They take root faster - in 3-4 weeks. When this happens, you can not immediately open the plant. So that the young fig does not have stress, it is gradually accustomed to room conditions. The film is opened briefly daily, increasing the time interval more and more.

If there is no earth and sand yet, and the cuttings have already been cut, you can put them in the water. This method of rooting is usually resorted to in winter or early spring. The cuttings are placed in water so that 3 cm of their length is under it. Liquids are not allowed to stagnate, changing it every 2-3 days to prevent decay planting material. After 3-4 weeks, powerful roots form on the cuttings. Then they are placed in separate containers, covered with a plastic bag on top.

Secrets of the correct transplant

Figs need a lot of space to grow. But there is one subtlety. If the tree is not yet bearing fruit, a large pot is not suitable for it. In it, the fig will begin to grow intensively up and in breadth, which will complicate the care of it. Since all the forces of the tree will be spent on development, it will bring the harvest much later than when planting in a small pot. When the ovaries form on the branches of the fig tree, its growth will practically stop.

At home, figs require regular transplantation. It should be carried out while the growing season has not yet begun. If the tree is young, the pot for it is changed every year. When it reaches the age of 4-5 years, the need for a transplant is determined by the degree of development of the root system. If the fig is quite adult, it is more convenient to cultivate it in a voluminous wooden box.

A young tree is transplanted into a container that is 1 liter larger than the previous one. When it reaches 5 years of age, the volume of the pot should already be 5-7 liters. After that, for transplantation, each time they take a container 2-2.5 liters more than the old one. Carry out the procedure by transshipment. You can lightly shake off the old soil from the fig roots, replacing it with fresh, but this must be done carefully so as not to damage the roots.

The substrate for transplantation is prepared by mixing the following components in a ratio of 2: 2: 1: 1:

leaf humus;
sod land;
peat;
river sand.

The optimum soil pH for figs is between 5 and 7.

Temperature and watering

During the growing season, a fig tree pot is best kept in a well-lit area. This is especially important if the figs have already begun to bear fruit. If the sun's rays are not enough for him, the fruits on his branches will not ripen. Until the moment of harvesting, the temperature is comfortable for the tree in the range of 22-25˚C. In winter, when the figs go into a dormant period, it is reduced to 10˚C. It is best to place the plant pot in the cellar or basement. If this is not possible, he is moved closer to window glass, shielded from room heat with plastic wrap.

During the growing season, watering the plant needs frequent and plentiful. It reacts to a lack of moisture with a loss of decorativeness. The leaves on the fig begin to curl, may partially fall off. If the soil in the pot is very dry, they will fly around completely. But you should not rush to get rid of such figs. Its former beauty can be restored if the plant is watered abundantly in the future.

At the end of October, the volume of fluid introduced and the amount of moisture are reduced. Until the middle of winter, figs are watered twice a month, using only cool (not warmer than 16-18˚C) water. Otherwise, the buds on the tree will wake up ahead of time. In the cellar or basement in the last days of February, the dormant period of the tree will be replaced by a phase of active growth, when it again needs a lot of water. In room conditions, the fig tree will wake up earlier - in late December or early January.

Figs respond well to leaf spraying. warm water. You can even water its crown from the shower, having previously reliably covered the surface of the soil with a film.

If in the fall the figs did not shed their leaves themselves, you need to help him with this. Since the tree belongs to deciduous crops, without a short rest, its development will not be complete. It is not difficult to artificially induce a rest period. It is enough to greatly reduce watering and let the soil dry out, and the leaves on the tree will turn yellow and fly around.

Feeding and shaping the tree

Homemade figs are fed when it blooms and forms fruits. Suitable for him organic and mineral compositions. The fig tree responds well to such fertilizers:

infused slurry;
wood ash;
weed fertilizer.

They are brought in with a break of 2 weeks. It is worth feeding the tree at the beginning of the growing season. When his kidneys begin to wake up, the figs are watered with infused manure. After 2 weeks, liquid mineral fertilizer containing a lot of phosphorus and nitrogen.

The color of the leaves of figs will be brighter and more saturated if fertilized with iron sulfate. In 1 liter of water, stir 2 g of the drug and water the plant with the resulting composition. You can also perform foliar top dressing by simply spraying them with a crown of figs. Do this twice a year - in spring and summer.

In order for an adult fig to look well-groomed and beautiful, it may need shaping pruning. But it is important not to overdo it with it, because the fruits of the tree are tied on young branches. If the fig stretches upwards without forming side shoots, its top will need to be pinched off. This procedure stimulates their development. When side shoots grow back, they are subjected to the same fate. And if they are too long, they also cut them off.

Figs will be a real find for those who would like to decorate their indoor garden exotic plant, but doubts whether he will be able to provide him with proper care. It is quite unpretentious, easily adapts to the dry air of the premises, does not require much attention. The wide leaves of the tree have a beautiful shape, and its fluffy spreading crown is compact in size, so there is a corner for figs even in apartments with small area. In warm weather, he can live on a balcony or loggia, refreshing a dull urban landscape with bright greenery. It will be possible to take out a pot with a tree and into the garden.

Another advantage of figs - high yield. With proper care, it will be possible to feast on its healthy fruits, ripened right on the windowsill, twice a year. Think of the benefits of planting this tree, and the desire to grow it at home will become irresistible!

The fig or fig tree is a deciduous plant that belongs to the Mulberry family. Its homeland is the Mediterranean. In Crimea, Carpathians, Central Asia and in the Caucasus, figs are grown in the open field as a valuable cultivated plant that bears fruit - wine berries. The fig tree is also common in indoor floriculture. With proper care, it acquires decorative look and can bear fruit twice a year.

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Description

The fig is a dioecious plant in which female inflorescences grow on some trees (figs) and male flowers on others (caprifigs). Female plants bloom with pistillate flowers, after which edible fruits are formed, and male representatives form two types of flowers: staminate and pistillate. The former are necessary for pollination, while the latter produce inedible fruits. Pollination is carried out by small wasps - blastophages living in male flowers.

With proper care, a fig tree can bear fruit every year.

Dioecious species are not suitable for growing at home, since pollination is impossible. For this purpose, special self-fertile varieties have been developed that form female inflorescences and are able to set fruits without pollination. Figs shed their leaves in winter. The leaf blades are large, fleshy, entire or palmately dissected, broadly ovate. The fig is a light-loving plant, drought-resistant, undemanding to the soil composition and able to grow even on acidic soils. A powerful root system penetrates deep into the soil.

Reproduction methods

Indoor figs are propagated:

seeds;
cuttings;
root growth.

Most often, the cultivation of figs is carried out using cuttings, and fruiting occurs in 2-3 years. If the plant is grown from seeds, then the crop is harvested in the 5-6th year. Breeding with root shoots at home is practiced very rarely, since there is a high probability of injury to the root system and death of the tree.

Growing from seeds

Fig seeds have a germination capacity of two years. When planting, pay special attention to the composition of the soil. The tree grows well in light soil with a high content of humic acids. But an excessive amount of carbonates adversely affects the growth and development of the plant.

To prepare the soil, take equal amounts of humus and coarse sand. You can also use a soil mixture of humus, peat and sand. A drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the planting pots and 2–3 grains are sown in each. In the future, the strongest plant is selected from the shoots that have appeared.

Growing figs in a pot

The seeds are sown shallowly, after which the containers are covered with polyethylene. For their germination, a temperature of + 24 ... + 27 degrees is required. The first shoots appear after 2-4 weeks. Shelter is removed, and crops are thinned out. When two pairs of true leaves develop on the seedlings, they are seated in separate containers.

cuttings

To grow figs from cuttings at home, you need to prepare the material. Do this in the middle of winter, when the plant sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period. For cuttings, it is best to use the central parts of the branches from an adult fruit-bearing plant over five years old. Branches must be ripe. Each segment should be 15 cm long with three to four internodes. At the bottom, the cut is made along the oblique, below the last kidney by 2 cm, and at the top - in a straight line. The cuttings are kept in a cool, dry place for several hours until the juice ceases to stand out. Then longitudinal scratches are made on the lower part to destroy the upper layer of the bark to the cambium. Thanks to this procedure, a powerful root system is formed. After that, the segments are placed for some time in a biostimulant solution.

To plant cuttings, prepare containers. A drainage layer of pebbles and expanded clay is laid at the bottom, then loose fertile soil is poured with a layer of 7 cm, and then sand is added with a layer of 4 cm. It is moistened and holes are made in it. The cuttings are removed from the stimulator, washed with running water, the lower sections are powdered with ash and placed in the soil. The containers are covered with a transparent bag or sand and placed in a well-lit place. In cloudy weather, additional lighting is used.

In order for the cuttings to take root well, they maintain the temperature within + 23 ... + 26 degrees. The roots appear after 1.5 months, during which the seedlings ventilate and moisten the sand. When they get stronger and adapt, they are transplanted into flower pots, which are filled with a fertile soil mixture. After 2 weeks, young plants are fed with complex fertilizers for indoor crops.

Care

Caring for figs at home is easy. He loves sunny places. With a lack of light, it develops poorly, and the fruits do not have time to ripen.

In summer, the crown of the tree is sprayed every day with warm water and the soil is watered abundantly. Even with a slight drying of the earthy coma, the fig begins to shed its leaves. During fruiting, the amount of watering is reduced, otherwise the fruits will be watery and fresh.

In winter, the plant goes into a dormant period. At this time, he is taken to a glazed loggia, veranda or other room with a temperature of +10 ... +14 degrees. Figs during the rest period do not need light and top dressing. It needs to be watered rarely and sparingly. The main thing is that the earthen ball does not dry out.

In order not to prematurely awaken the kidneys, cool water is used for irrigation.

Figs begin to feed after the swelling of the first buds. To do this, use a mullein diluted with water. After 2 weeks, a solution of phosphate fertilizers is added to the soil. During the growing season, the fig tree is fed every 2 weeks, alternating mineral and organic compounds.

Transfer

Since the roots of figs grow very quickly, they need to be replanted every spring before the leaves bloom. Transplantation of adult plants older than 7 years is carried out every 3 years, while the new pot should be several centimeters larger than the previous one. A container that is too large promotes root growth, which leads to a decrease in yield.

The procedure is carried out as follows:

the pot is scalded with boiling water and a drainage layer 3–4 cm thick is laid on its bottom;
the plant is transferred to a new container without violating the integrity of the old earthy coma;
voids are filled with fertile soil, while the root collar cannot be buried.

The transplanted tree is watered with plenty of water and placed in a well-lit place.

crown formation

In order for the fig to fully develop, it must be cut off in a timely manner. Without the formation of a crown, the plant eventually grows into a big tree, which is very inconvenient for a closed room. Pruning is carried out before the swelling of the kidneys. Young plants leave 3-4 healthy shoots. When the tree reaches a height of 25-35 cm, pinch the crown. This stimulates the development of side shoots.

In order for the lower branches to become stronger and more powerful in the future, the shoots of the upper tier should be shortened by 1/3. Competent pruning allows you to get a beautiful lush crown, consisting of 3-4 vertical shoots of the main order and a large number side branches.

There is another pruning option that gives the crown the shape of a fan. It is necessary to pinch the apical bud and remove the branches directed inside the crown. The main shoots should be in relation to the plane horizontally and parallel to each other. Thanks to fan pruning, the number of fruit-bearing shoots increases several times, and the tree looks very attractive.

Figs can get coral blotch. The disease manifests itself in small red formations on the shoots of a tree. As a treatment, the affected areas are cut out, healthy parts are sprayed with a strong solution of potassium permanganate or fungicides.

Figs in Stavropol

Since the tropics are the birthplace of figs, then grow it in middle lane in the open field is quite difficult. Even in Stavropol, this is not easy to do. It must be planted on the south side of the site. Having landed on the site, it must be covered for the winter.

To do this, the bush is tied with a rope in a bundle in the fall and bent tightly to the ground. On top put a load for a week. During this time, the plant gets used to being in this position and begins to cuddle itself to the ground. Then it is covered with tomato tops or corn stalks, and covered with fertilizer bags on top. Figs under such shelter can withstand frosts down to -25 degrees.

Not everyone is lucky enough to live in the Mediterranean. The fig tree is also called the fig tree or fig tree - growing at home has been practiced in Europe since the 16th century. The benefits of fruits, the healing composition of the leaves does not depend on the place of cultivation. How indoor plant, with proper care, figs look decorative and bear fruit twice a year.

Conditions for the cultivation of figs on the windowsill

When grown at home, adult figs require abundant watering and spraying in the summer. If the plant lacks moisture, it can shed its foliage at any time of the year. When creating a humid microclimate around a tree, there is no reason for the spider mite to start up - one of the main pests of flowers on the windowsill.

A plant native to their subtropics needs to provide wintering. From November to January, a dormant period is created for the fig tree. He is arranged in a bright, cool place with a temperature below +15 degrees. In additional illumination, top dressing at this time, not a tree does not need.

If the tree does not fall asleep, watering is reduced for it so that the leaves fall off. Water the earth with slightly cool water at a temperature of 18 degrees.

Water the plant moderately so that the clod of earth does not dry out. As the buds began to swell, light, watering, and top dressing are required. It is necessary to create conditions for rapid vegetation. Two crops per season can be harvested with good care for figs at home. The first time the fig tree blooms in March, bears fruit in June. The following berries ripen from the beginning of August to the end of September. In summer, trees can be transferred to the ground, they will be comfortable there, but in the fall they will need a larger pot.

A sign of fruit maturity is their softening and the release of nectar from the eyes. Ripening lasts 2-4 weeks.

Growing a fruiting fig tree on a windowsill

How to grow figs at home? Several methods are used:

they harvest cuttings by asking for a twig from good friends;
buy a seedling in a specialized store;
seed material is used.

In any case, the first thing that is required is to pick up dishes and an earthen substrate. The soil is prepared from equal proportions of steamed, calcined ingredients:

leaf humus;
sod land;
river sand, wood ash.

Processed expanded clay is laid at the bottom of the bowl. A layer of sand is poured on top. It is a good idea to use sphagnum moss on the surface to control humidity.

Dishes for figs are selected at first small, but for 5 years, young plants are transplanted annually. You need to know that while the roots in the pot feel at ease, flowering is delayed. An adult tree needs 8 liters of substrate. A fig tree lives up to 30 years.

Growing figs at home from cuttings is the most effective method, preserving parent properties. The stalk is taken only from a fruitful plant. The most adapted to indoor growing conditions are considered varieties:

Shuisky;
Dalmatic;
White Adriatic;
Sochi -7;
Black Pearl;
Kadata;
Seedling of Ogloblin.

The stalk is chosen with 3-4 buds, with the lower cut 2 cm below the eye, and the upper cut 1 cm higher. On the rooted part, the bark must be scratched in longitudinal strips to the cambium, this will accelerate root formation. Pour the finished substrate mixed with sphagnum into a glass, moisten and immerse the cutting in the second kidney. Pre-treat the cutting with root or heteroauxin.

To form roots, we cover the planting from above with a cap made of PET bottles, put it on diffused light, use additional lighting for up to 12 hours. Watching the figs grow. After 2-3 weeks, the first leaves will appear, it is necessary to ventilate, accustom the leaves to the air of the apartment, and spray with warm settled water.

When the plant gets used to the surrounding air, it is carefully transferred to a liter pot with a substrate. Two weeks after transplanting, the fig tree is fed with nitrogen fertilizers or a composition for indoor plants.

Seeds of figs are small, properties mother plant do not always inherit, not all germinate. But it happens, except from seeds, at home, there is nothing to breed figs from. The seeds are deepened into the soil by 2-3 cm, the soil is regularly moistened, the pots are covered from evaporation of moisture, and after 2-4 weeks sprouts appear, which are allowed to grow, and rooted in separate cups. Gradually changing pots, seedlings are grown for 4-5 years, until flowering. By this time, young tree there should already be a large dish, better wooden box with a bucket of fertile soil. Whether indoor figs will be fruitful, time will tell. But even without fruits, the tree is very impressive and will live up to 30 years.

Feed for figs

During the growing season, both growing and mature plant needs organic and organic fertilizing. Once every 2 weeks, the compositions alternate. The fig tree gratefully accepts the mullein and the fermented infusion of herbs - nettle, dandelion, midge. Once a season you need to give the plant inkstone and complex composition with trace elements. Figs require potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. They can be made independently from bags, in packaging for feeding seedlings of outdoor plants.

Pest and disease control

From insect pests, you need to protect the tree from spider mites, or do 2 treatments in a week with Actellik insecticide. It is difficult to cope with a pest without chemistry.

A common fungal-type disease in figs is one - coral spotting. A sign of infection is the appearance of a reddish rash on the stem. All areas with affected shoots must be removed. Sections are treated with copper-containing preparations, and watering is carried out with a pink solution of potassium permanganate.

Growing indoor figs - video

Growing figs in open ground in Ukraine is possible not only in the south of the country, but also in Kharkov and Kyiv regions. This unpretentious plant belongs to the ficus genus of the mulberry family. It grows in mountainous subtropical regions. It came to us from Asia Minor. In the Crimea and the Carpathians, it is grown in open ground, without shelter for the winter. Usually it is formed in the form of a bush, which reduces the likelihood of freezing of skeletal branches in harsh winters.

Growing figs in open ground in Ukraine is possible not only in the south of the country, but also in Kharkov and Kyiv regions

Planted figs in open ground in early spring before bud break. If a plant with a closed root system is planted, then this can be done in the second half of May, when the threat of spring frosts has passed. Such a plant grows almost immediately, so by autumn you can get a tree with a well-developed root system and several skeletal branches.

Depending on climatic conditions, use various ways planting figs in open ground. The northern regions are considered a zone of risky cultivation of exotic plants, so it is advisable to place the bush in a hole - for better shelter for the winter. In the Dnipropetrovsk region and to the south, they prefer to form figs on a trellis, following the example of grapes - with a four-armed cordon and with shelter for wintering.

The landing pit is prepared in advance and has dimensions of 50x50 cm and 60 cm in depth. A bucket of humus and 200 g of superphosphate are introduced into it. The nutrient mixture is mixed, distributed along the bottom of the pit and sprinkled with earth. The walls of the pit are covered with slate or other material that limits the growth of roots. Then a seedling is established, which is watered abundantly. After the water is absorbed, the pit is covered with soil and compacted. During the growing season, figs require abundant watering, so it is advisable to mulch the near-stem circle with humus or other material. This will not only protect the soil from drying out, but also act as an additional top dressing.

Depending on climatic conditions, various methods of planting figs in open ground are used.

Planting figs is carried out in a sunny place, protected from winds and drafts. Periodic shading of the plant during daylight hours adversely affects fruiting. Installed to protect against winds protective screens or carry out planting of plants capable of performing this function.

To plant a mulberry tree in a hole, it is necessary to equip a recess of sufficient size and prepare a place for the plant in it. Its dimensions should ensure the free location of the bush for wintering. The depth of the pit is about a meter. Usually 2 bushes are planted in one trench, and for wintering they are bent over and tied to each other. Boards are laid on top and covered plastic wrap, for which better insulation pour a layer of leaves, dry grass or straw at least 20 cm.

Frozen branches recover very quickly and produce a crop already this year.

Bush care

Figs are deciduous, hardy plants that tolerate drought well. When grown outdoors, it easily tolerates frosts down to -20°C. Does not require special care. However, this does not mean that you can plant a plant and forget about it. Caring for figs when grown outdoors involves proper fit, regular watering and top dressing, crown formation and shelter for the winter.

The first 2 years, the seedling can not be fed, as it will be enough useful substances made at landing. Starting from the third year, nitrogen and potash fertilizers are added to the trunk circle. From the 2nd half of summer, nitrogen fertilization is stopped, as it causes an active growth of green mass and new shoots that do not have time to mature before the cold weather and freeze in winter. Potassium has a beneficial effect on the development of the root system, which has a positive effect on the winter hardiness of the plant, as well as on the laying of fruit buds of the next year's crop.

Figs are deciduous, hardy plants that tolerate drought well.

Regular abundant watering of both the seedling and the adult bush makes it easier to endure the heat. With a lack of moisture, the leaves become lethargic, turn yellow and fall off, and fruit ovaries do not develop and wither on the branches. In Ukraine, with its temperate climate, it is necessary to pour 30-40 liters of water for each plant for 1 watering. Since the root system of figs is located near the surface (in the aerated soil layer), it is necessary to mulch trunk circles. This will provide oxygen access to the roots and will not loosen the soil. To cover the soil under the plant, hay, peat, tree sawdust that do not contain resin, and compost are usually used. The layer of mulch should be at least 5 cm.

During the ripening period, the amount of moisture introduced is reduced or irrigation is stopped altogether. Watering in the fall provokes the growth of young shoots, so they are not carried out at all. The plant will have enough atmospheric humidity. Figs are not susceptible to fungal or other diseases, therefore, in application chemicals not necessary. Overripe fruits attract wasps, which can damage ripe ones. To do this, they must be periodically collected, preventing cracking.

During the ripening period, the amount of moisture introduced is reduced or irrigation is stopped altogether.

The crown begins to form from the second year. Growing outdoor plants sheltered for the winter does not imply that they have a high trunk. It is enough that it is no higher than 30-40 cm, and when it is formed on a trellis - 10-15 cm. In late autumn (but before the onset of the first frost), thick old branches are cut out from the bushes, leaving several well-developed shoots of this year. They will form next year's harvest.

Variety for the southern regions (video)

indoor figs

Many lovers of exotic plants, if it is impossible to grow them in open ground, successfully grow a tree indoors. Figs are photophilous plants, therefore the best place to find it there will be a window facing the south or southeast side. IN winter time it can be placed on glazed balcony or in a room where the temperature does not fall below 5-7°C.

In the first 3 years, the plant is transplanted every year. After 3 years - 1 time in 3 years. This procedure is carried out in January or February, even before the swelling of the kidneys. For this use flower pot with a diameter of 2-3 cm more than the previous one. Transshipment of the plant is carried out with a clod of earth. Drainage must be arranged at the bottom of the pot.

Indoor figs develop more slowly than those growing in the open field, however, they can begin to bear fruit in 2-3 years. If there are no fruits during this period, then the plant most likely does not have enough sun or moisture. Top dressing of figs is carried out during the growing season 1-2 times a month. To do this, use either nitroammofoska at the rate of 5 g per 1 liter of water, or complex fertilizer, according to instructions.

Many lovers of exotic plants, if it is impossible to grow them in open ground, successfully grow a tree indoors.

For 6-7 years, the plant is usually transplanted into a large container (tub) and placed on permanent place. In room conditions, figs grow rapidly, so crown formation is one of the main conditions for abundant fruiting. Young shoots are pinched over 4-5 leaves. During the growing season, branches are not cut out, since the development of the root system, and hence the nutrition of the whole plant, depends on the amount of green mass. Indoor figs bear fruit 1 time per year and depends on the conditions of detention.

Fruits are used for food not only as a delicacy, but also in medicinal purposes- with colds and vitamin deficiencies. Due to the high content of sugar, it is not recommended to eat people who are sick diabetes. Figs are eaten fresh, dried and dried, and jam is made from it. It is one of the most delicious dried fruits.