How and how to properly insulate a house made of timber from the outside. It is better to insulate a house made of timber from the outside or from the inside. How to insulate a timber house from the outside under siding

Houses made of timber are becoming increasingly popular among Russians, however, their main drawback is their inability to withstand the harsh Russian winters due to certain features.

The fact is that the average thickness of a house made of timber is about 150 mm, and this is not enough to keep your home warm and cozy during severe winter frosts.

The optimal cross-section for walls made of timber is 40 cm; this thickness was enough to keep the house warm in winter.

But not all houses made of timber have such thick walls. Therefore, in order to make your home comfortable and cozy not only in summer, the question arises of how to properly insulate houses made of timber from the outside.

What to choose: insulation from the inside or outside?

Much more often, a house made of timber is insulated from the outside, and this happens for several reasons. Firstly, in this case less useful living space is stolen, and the tree will be better protected from the negative effects of natural factors.

It is possible to insulate a house made of timber from the outside with your own hands, and properly executed thermal insulation will help maintain a comfortable temperature inside the house.

In addition, if the insulation of the house is carried out in compliance with all the nuances, then utility bills, namely gas or electricity payments, will also be reduced, which will have a beneficial effect on the family budget.

What materials can be used to insulate houses made of timber from the street side?

The modern building materials market is rich and diverse; manufacturers offer various insulation materials for houses made of timber, such as polystyrene foam, mineral wool, basalt insulation and some others.

What material to choose for insulating a house made of timber?

To do this, the following factors must be taken into account:

• Cost of insulation (initially you should decide how much you are willing to spend on insulating your house),
• Its quality
• Thermal conductivity level,
• Elasticity of the insulation material,
• Sharpen Special attention on how easy it is to carry out work on insulating a house using one or another thermal insulation material (this nuance is relevant when carrying out installation work on one's own).

Choice of insulation

In order to properly insulate a house made of timber from the outside, you should take a responsible approach to the choice of thermal insulation material.

Most often used for home insulation mineral wool, since compared to its competitor, polystyrene foam, mineral wool is less flammable material, which has a beneficial effect on the fire safety of the home.

In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly and has good technical characteristics.

Thus, mineral wool conducts heat and cold very slowly.

Preparatory work

Before purchasing the selected insulation, you need to carry out simple calculations and make an estimate of the costs of insulating the house. In addition, it is necessary to carefully check the amount of material that will be required for insulation.

Mineral wool insulation is sold in three forms: slabs, mats, and rolls. The easiest way to work is with slabs.

But in order to purchase the required quantity, you should take into account the fact that if the thickness of the walls of the house is less than 20 cm and the winter temperature often drops below 20 degrees, then you will need to insulate the walls with a double layer of mineral wool, therefore you will need to purchase insulation in 2 times more.

Some professional builders advise insulating a house with several materials, combining them, for example, sewing polyethylene foam onto the facade, and insulating the rest of the house with mineral wool.

What else is needed to carry out thermal insulation work?

In addition to the insulation itself, you will also need some other things:

• Waterproofing film, which should be purchased 10% more than the area of ​​the walls (this is done because the film is overlapped),
• Level for marking,
• Construction stapler for securing film,
• Antiseptic agent for treating walls,
• Screws and self-tapping screws for fastening work,
• A certain amount of small section timber.

The procedure for insulating a house

Many people ask professional builders the question of how to properly insulate a house made of timber from the outside and what is the sequence of actions for carrying out thermal insulation work.

So, first you need to treat the walls with an antiseptic, but it would be better to use a product that provides protection against mold and mildew. After application, the antiseptic must dry completely, only then can you begin the most important installation work.

After this, it is necessary to make the sheathing; for this, beams of a smaller cross-section are attached to the walls of the house. Moreover, you need to start fixing them from the corner of the house and vertically at the same distance.

This is the future “frame” for installing mineral wool.

Now you can proceed to installing mineral wool, but first the slabs with a regular knife should be cut into rectangles of the required size.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that the mineral wool needs to be cut slightly wider than the distance between the beams.

We secure the mineral wool right up to the roof with special anchors, which should be located at a distance of about half a meter from each other.

After this, it is necessary to apply another layer of insulating film, but this time with the glossy side out. In order for the film to stick, it again needs to be secured with a construction stapler.

Additional materials on the topic:

The insulation of the house with mineral wool is completed. All that remains is to decorate the top of the building’s façade with the selected material.

Thus, we can conclude that installation procedures for thermal insulation of a house from the outside cannot be classified as complex construction work, you can do this yourself, the main thing is to take into account all the essential aspects and follow the instructions.

It is very important to carry out thermal insulation work high quality, since proper installation of insulation is the key to ensuring that your home will be comfortable and cozy for many years.

How to properly insulate a house made of timber from the outside: important points
If you are still wondering about insulating a house made of timber, then come straight to us

Insulation of a private house

Warming a cold floor

How to insulate walls in a house

How to insulate the attic of a house

Internal wall insulation

Is it worth it to insulate a house made of timber from the outside?

Insulation timber house outside

Many people now have a question: doesn’t this traditional construction technology involve high-quality heat retention by timber? The fact is that timber technology was developed for more favorable climatic zones, and in Russia we have to deal additional insulation to make the microclimate in the house more favorable and reduce heating costs.

Of course, you can cover the timber with siding without insulation, but once you do quality work on the walls, heating costs will drop sharply. But before you insulate timber house outside with your own hands, you will need to select insulation, calculate its quantity and required thickness. This is an estimate that must be met financially. Let's consider an easy-to-install insulation with undeniable advantages.

Selection and calculation of material for the walls of the house

Today, the most popular thermal insulation materials on the market are polystyrene foam, penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam) and mineral wool insulation. We will choose mineral wool and move on to considering the advantages of this material. This insulation does not burn (the main and indisputable advantage), is environmentally friendly, the thermal conductivity of mineral wool is 0.036 W/m2,

Scheme of insulation of walls made of timber from the outside

The next step is to calculate the amount of material and the thickness of the insulation layer, which will be suitable for our climate and design features walls Mineral insulation sold in slabs, mats and rolls. It is easier to work with slabs, so we will choose this type for the calculation. Taking into account that the surface of the walls is flat and the standard thickness of the slabs is 50 mm, we begin to count.

If the thickness of the walls is 20 cm, and the lowest temperature in winter is 20°C, then we lay the mineral wool in one layer. If the thickness of the timber walls is 20 cm, and the temperature in winter drops below 20°C, we lay the insulation in two layers. The calculation depends on the average climatic conditions of the region. To accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation, use the thermal calculator on the website.

Do-it-yourself insulation of a house made of timber from the outside

How to insulate a house made of timber from the outside? We'll get it to work necessary tools, materials and let's get to work. Additionally, you will have to buy: waterproofing film with a margin of 10-15% of the wall area, anchor screws, wood screws, antiseptic, small-section timber. Also prepare a set of tools - a hacksaw, hammer, axe, nails, a construction stapler with staples, a level, a brush, etc.

Preparing the walls of the house for insulation

Do-it-yourself insulation of a timber house

We treat the walls with an antiseptic with a brush or roller. We process the wall several times and wait until it dries completely. Don’t forget to check the quality of the caulking of the walls; if necessary, caulk the walls. After this, we begin laying the waterproofing film with our own hands, using a stapler, and shoot it to the beam with an overlap of 10-15 cm between the strips. We glue all joints with tape.

Fastening timber sheathing

It is important to start the sheathing from the corner, and we try to fasten the vertical guides at the same distance from each other, checking the level or plumb line. Between the beams, the insulation should be laid closely with your own hands, and the finishing will be attached to it - vinyl siding or pvc panels, therefore the distance between the beams should be 1-1.5 cm less than the width of the mineral wool slabs.

Installation of insulation on walls

Installation of insulation on timber walls

Having installed the mineral wool, we drill holes in the wall and install a mushroom dowel in the shape of an umbrella. Fastening the slabs can be done in increments of 40-50 cm. Having completely installed and secured the insulation right up to the roof, we cover the wall with a second layer of vapor barrier and fasten it to the beam with a stapler. Vapor barrier is necessary to protect mineral wool from moisture, so the film should be laid with the smooth side facing the insulation.

The waterproofing film does not allow moisture to pass in one direction and calmly allows it to escape. reverse side– this property is excellent for waterproofing and insulating walls in a bathhouse. Don't forget to read the manufacturer's instructions for the vapor barrier film so you don't make mistakes when installing it. The insulation is almost complete at this point, and you can begin finishing the facade with planed boards. See below - how to insulate a house made of timber from the outside with mineral wool.

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Do-it-yourself insulation of a house made of timber from the outside
In the article we will look at the technology of insulating a timber house from the outside and propose the technology. We also selected video instructions from the company on this topic.

The climate in Russia is extremely harsh, winters are cold, so the urgent question is how to properly insulate a house made of timber from the outside. This work must be done very carefully, especially on the outside of the house, only then will we obtain conditions for year-round living.

Insulation using mineral wool insulation.

Features of house construction in Rus'

Naturally, the question arises: how did they manage without insulating the outside of the house before? After all, wooden houses have been built in Russia since ancient times, and they have stood for centuries.

You need to understand that an old and reliable log house and a modern house made of timber are somewhat different concepts. Until the 20th century, only chopped wood was used for buildings. Preference in carpentry work was given to the ax, although the saw had been known in Rus' since ancient times.

But it was believed that sawn wood absorbs moisture more strongly, swells and rots. And the wood in logs that are processed with an ax seems to be clogged under its blows and does not absorb moisture.

Houses were built without nails; there were several ways to cut logs. The cups were cut down strictly according to the shape of the logs that were placed in them; a longitudinal groove was made in the crowns for better density log house The joints of the logs were carefully caulked.

All this gave the effect of monolithicity. The thickness of the logs in the log house was sufficient to maintain heat.

House with a male roof, 19th century.

Another feature was the construction of a log house right under the roof, the design of which in this case was called male. This type of structure was especially widespread in the north of Rus'. The logs were lifted all the way to the roof, a triangle of pediment was built, onto which the planks were attached.

So, we see the following features that did not allow traditional wooden houses in Rus' to freeze:

1. the wall thickness is sufficient to retain heat,
2. solidity of the walls, achieved by the density of logs and caulking of cracks,
3. low level of hygroscopicity of wood due to processing it with an ax.

Let us consider these features as applied to modern houses from timber.

Modern house made of timber

Modern house made of timber with a cross-section of 150 mm.

For a normal level of microclimate in the house, when winter frosts are severe, it is necessary to build a house from timber with a thickness of 40 cm. If the cross-section of the timber is smaller, it will not be possible to retain heat; caulking the cracks alone will not solve the problem. After all, the timber will simply freeze through and through in severe frosts.

In modern house construction, timber with a cross-section of 150 mm is used, so such a house has to be insulated from the outside or from the inside. The most correct way to achieve the desired effect is considered to be external insulation of a timber house.

The level of hygroscopicity is reduced by treating the timber with special impregnations. By using various methods With external insulation, it will be possible to achieve a monolithic effect and sufficient wall thickness; the main thing is to correctly find the answer to the question of how best to insulate a house made of timber from the outside.

Advantages of external insulation

The advantages of the method of insulating a house from the outside are as follows:

1. the internal space is not affected, work can be carried out without disturbing the normal rhythm of life of the owners,
2. the ability to carry out insulation work with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists,
3. opportunity arises original solution house facade,
4. heat loss is reduced,
5. external walls will be protected from the adverse effects of the external environment.

Insulation materials

Thermal insulation made of basalt wool - Light Butts.

The modern market is rich in materials that are used for wall insulation:

1. basalt insulation,
2. glass wool,
3. Styrofoam,
4. extruded polystyrene foam,
5. foamed polyethylene,
6. polyester fiber insulation,
7. sprayed polyurethane foam.

The photo shows foil thermal insulation Penofol-A made of polyethylene foam.

When deciding how to insulate a house made of timber from the outside, it is necessary to take into account many factors, take them into account and draw the right conclusions. In this matter important role price, quality and thickness of insulation play a role.

In order to accept correct solution, it is necessary to consider all the comparative mechanical and thermal characteristics of insulation, taking into account that materials produced by different manufacturers may have different characteristics.

What features should you pay attention to when deciding how to insulate a log house from the outside:

1. thermal conductivity index,
2. compressive strength indicator,
3. an indicator of elasticity, resilience (this is important for understanding the ability of a material not to break when bent and restore its original shape),
4. study the installation conditions (each material is accompanied by the manufacturer’s instructions on how to install this insulation).

Advice. When choosing the thickness of the insulation, you may be faced with the choice that mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 50 mm will be insufficient for walls of 150 mm according to the requirements of SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”, and with insulation with a thickness of 100 mm it will significantly exceed them.

In this case, you can use a combination of different insulation materials. For example, use foamed polyethylene, cover the facade with it directly along the vapor barrier, and sew bars on it, between which you strengthen the mineral wool insulation.

The procedure for carrying out thermal insulation work

Let's consider how to properly insulate the outside of a timber house, what stages of work need to be completed and in what sequence.

To ensure that air vapor passing through the thickness of the timber does not turn into water in the thickness of the insulation, it is necessary to make a vapor barrier. The best option would be to spend it with inside walls, made of foil material that reflects heat into the room.

An option for insulating the walls of a house made of timber with a vapor barrier indoors (1 - external cladding, 2 - counter-batten, 3 - wind protection, 4 - insulation, 5 - load-bearing wall).

Let's look at how to insulate a timber house from the outside when the interior decoration has already been completed and it is necessary to provide wind insulation on the outside (read also the article Finishing a timber house inside on your own).

This must be done in the following order:

1. we fill the vertical sheathing on the external walls from edged boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm,
2. we attach a vapor barrier membrane to the boards with a continuous sheet of overlap,
3. we fill the second layer of sheathing along the same boards with a pitch suitable for the selected insulation,
4. we lay insulation between the bars,
5. lay a film or membrane for wind protection,
6. we secure the wind protection with counter battens,
7. We install the outer cladding along the slats.

Important. The vapor barrier of the wall must have vents located at the bottom and top. This is necessary to circulate air and balance the temperature in the gap area with the temperature in the interior.

How to insulate a house made of timber from the outside to create a comfortable atmosphere in it
How to insulate a house made of timber from the outside correctly with your own hands: do-it-yourself installation instructions (photos and videos)

Many individual developers insulate the outside of a log house with their own hands in order to save money. The best option consists of laying thermal insulation material under finishing coating. Vinyl siding is often used as such, allowing you to reliably protect the building from external influences at an affordable cost.

The photo shows the main work.

Pros of this option

In this case, the elements are installed supporting structure, between which mineral slabs are laid, capable of providing high-quality thermal insulation of the structure. The insulation is covered with a waterproofing film. To elements wooden sheathing Vinyl panels are attached.

List of advantages

• The price of the materials used is relatively low, which means the final design is not too expensive,
• The absence of complex construction processes allows you to carry out all the work yourself,
• Siding panels are resistant to external influences, so they can long time protect thermal insulation,
• The mass of all products is not so large, so there is no need to strengthen the façade before the main operations.

Even such a structure made of timber can be transformed.

Addition!
When mineral wool insulation is installed under the siding, you can level side surfaces structure, since the installation of a supporting structure is a prerequisite.

Carrying out installation

Further instructions will help you understand how to properly insulate a log house from the outside directly under the finishing in the form of siding. If the basic rules are followed, then there is no need to worry about the quality of the work performed, even if you do not have solid experience in construction.

Necessary materials

• Bars with a cross section of 50×40 or 50×50 mm are required to create cells in which the insulation will be laid,
• Vapor barrier material is needed to protect thermal insulation from exposure from the inside of the building,
• Mineral wool slabs or rolls are necessary to form a barrier against heat loss,
• The waterproofing membrane will protect the insulation from the outside directly from moisture,
• An edged board will be needed to construct the sheathing for the cladding,
• Siding panels and components are purchased for finishing work,

The slabs are supplied in small packages.

Note!
During the installation process, nails and screws of various lengths will be needed to fix the structural fragments.
The final size of fasteners depends on the materials used in each specific case.

Tools used

• Hammer,
• Hacksaw or any other cutting tool,
• nail puller,
• Screwdriver,
• Long twine
• Building level,
• Simple pencil,
• Tape measure at least 5 m long,
• Metal scissors,
• Stapler.

Thermal insulation process

Before starting work, it is necessary to remove from the facade of the building all objects that will get in the way. The platbands are completely torn off from windows and doors, decorative slats are removed from the edges, visors and other elements are removed.

Satellite dishes, lights and stationary structures can be left in place.

This is approximately how thermal insulation should be laid.

1. First, a vapor-tight membrane is laid out. It is fixed directly to the wall using a stapler. When laying the canvases, a small overlap must be made. Manufacturers usually make special tags
2. 50x50 mm bars are taken and fixed in a horizontal position to the side surface of the structure. A distance should be left between them, which will be 1-2 cm less than the width of the insulation board. For fastening, self-tapping screws with a length of at least 65 mm are used,
3. Next, insulation is carried out with mineral wool. Fragments of material are inserted between installed wooden blocks close to each other. First, one edge of the stove is started, after which the other is carefully tucked in. If necessary, the elements are cut using a stationery knife,
4. After laying the heat-insulating material, a waterproofing film is attached to the bars. It is fixed according to the same rules as the vapor barrier membrane. The overlap on adjacent canvases should not be less than 10-15 cm.

Material for waterproofing.

Attention!
The bars for insulation do not require leveling at the installation stage.
This will be done in the next step.
The elements are tightly applied to the side plane and fixed with self-tapping screws.

Sheathing device

After the thermal insulation layer has been created, the lathing for the facade material is erected. The basic elements are used edged boards. Their thickness should not be less than 25 mm, otherwise guarantee long term service of the supporting structure is not possible.

First you need to prepare the corner elements for installation. It is best to take two boards at once and connect them so that a right angle is formed. Similar products It is recommended to mount directly to the edges of the wall. Their alignment should be carried out using a building level.

Wooden sheathing is on display.

When the corner elements are fixed, it is necessary to stretch a string from one of them to the other. It will help to set the intermediate racks for the covering at the same level. The optimal step is 40 cm. It is this distance that allows you to save on lumber without harming quality.

After the construction of the supporting structure, the siding is directly installed in compliance with all the rules.

Important points when installing the coating

• Between components finishing should be a distance of 7 to 11 mm, since plastic is used as the main material for the manufacture of panels and components,
• First of all, elements for designing joints, corners and openings, as well as starting and finishing profiles, are installed, after which vinyl panels are installed,
• Fasteners in the form of screws and nails should not be driven in completely to compensate for linear expansion, otherwise cracks and chips may appear on the coating,
• The fixing elements should be placed strictly in the central part of the perforations, otherwise the finishing fragments may become deformed, which will lead to additional costs and time.

Places for installing siding elements.

As a conclusion

Insulation of a timber house from the outside: mineral wool under the siding covering
Insulating a timber house from the outside: video instructions for do-it-yourself installation, how to insulate with mineral wool, under siding, price, photo

New timber walls have good heat-saving characteristics. Their insulation consists of caulking the inter-crown seams. Additional thermal insulation is required after a few years when cracks appear and the building shrinks. When building a house, first of all, attention should be paid to the insulation of the roof, floors, windows and doors.

How to insulate a house made of timber: materials

All insulation materials can be divided into vapor-permeable and vapor-tight.

For insulation wooden structures vapor-permeable materials are required. Their use allows you to effectively remove excess moisture from the walls.

A classic representative of vapor-permeable insulation for a house made of timber is mineral wool based on:

• Fiberglass
• Shlakov
• Natural stone

The disadvantage of mineral wool is its high water absorption and reduced performance when wet. Optimal choice for insulation wooden houses is stone wool - the most environmentally friendly material.

Vapor-tight materials are used to insulate stone walls and cement floors. When using them for thermal insulation of wooden surfaces, measures must be taken to ventilate the wood.

Vapor-tight insulation materials include:

• Styrofoam
• Extruded polystyrene foam
• Spray insulation
• Folgoizol
• Other sheet and roll materials

Inter-crown insulation is a special type of heat-insulating materials for wooden houses.

These include:

• Moss - natural material, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.04 W/(m ºС) and antiseptic properties, protects wood from the formation of fungus and rot. Disadvantages - labor-intensive preparation and installation, the need for re-caulking after drying and fire hazard
• Hemp and flax tow have a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.047 W/(m ºC), supplied in bales, used for insulating cracks between logs, around windows and doors. Tow has the same disadvantages as moss
• Tape insulation based on jute and flax have a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.034 W/(m ºC). Their use significantly speeds up work. Jute insulation is moisture resistant. Best Features has tape insulation consisting of jute and flax fibers in various proportions

Thermal insulation of timber walls

Preference should be given to external insulation, since in this case:

• Are being created optimal conditions for ventilation of walls
• The useful volume of the building does not decrease
• Reduces the likelihood of water droplets forming on inner surface walls

Insulation of facades

The work is carried out as follows:

1. Remove areas affected by rot and mold
2. Cover the surface of the walls with antiseptic compounds
3. Caulk cracks between beams, around windows and doors
4. Horizontal lathing is made from slats with a width equal to the thickness of the insulation, while the distance between the slats is taken to be 2 cm less than the width of the stone wool slabs
5. Insulation is inserted between the slats, installation is carried out in 2-3 layers with the joints shifted
6. Cover the insulation with a windproof membrane, seal the joints of the film with tape
7. To the bars horizontal sheathing they nail a vertical one, it serves as the basis for facing materials and provides a gap for ventilation of the thermal insulation layer
8. Cladding building facades

When insulating, observe the following rules:

• The sheathing bars are impregnated with an antiseptic;
• Stone wool slabs are inserted spaced apart, there should be no gaps between them
• The windproof membrane is hung with the rough side inward
• For fastening finishing materials use galvanized nails or screws

Lining, imitation timber, siding, block house, OSB and other sheet materials can be used as finishing materials.

Simultaneously with the thermal insulation of the walls, the basement of the building should be insulated. For this, it is appropriate to use PSB-35 foam. Its sheets are attached directly to the stone plinth using cement-based glue and umbrella dowels.

• The surface is putty, embedding a reinforced mesh into the putty and plastered
• A vertical sheathing is made on top of the insulation, to which slabs of artificial or natural stone, siding panels to look like stone or brick

Internal wall insulation

When insulating wooden walls from the inside there are difficulties associated with their ventilation.

One way to solve the problem is to create a gap between the wall and the insulation using lathing.

In this case, conditions must be created for air movement in the resulting space. In this case, materials with any vapor barrier can be used to insulate the walls.

At internal insulation it is appropriate to use materials coated heat reflective film based on foil.

The foil reflects infrared rays that easily penetrate through any other insulation. Therefore, such thermal insulation is especially effective near heating devices, for example, between radiators and a wall.

Insulation of floors

Thermal insulation of wooden floors is carried out with mineral wool slabs with a density of 120 kg/cub.m or PSB 25 foam plastic, inserted between the joists. A waterproofing film is first hung under the joists.

To insulate floors under cement screed, PSB-35 foam is used. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the base, foam boards are laid and a cement screed is applied. Lay on top flooring. When heating using the heated floor method in a layer cement screed pipes are laid.

Roof insulation

Thermal insulation of the roof of a house made of insulated timber is usually carried out with stone wool slabs located between the rafters. On the roof side, the insulation is protected with a membrane, on the attic side - with a vapor barrier film.

When constructing a roof from sip panels, there is no need for insulation.

The roofing sip panel consists of two OSB sheets, between which 200 mm thick foam is laid. The panels are laid on wooden base and are connected by beams inserted into the grooves at their ends.

If the attic space is not heated, insulate it interfloor ceilings. To do this, vapor barrier materials are laid on the floors, and insulation is placed on top, between the beams. The type of thermal insulation can be any, including bulk.

So, the house made of timber has been externally decorated, let’s move on to interior design. You can get acquainted with popular materials for decoration inside the house.

Video about insulating a wooden house

Insulating a log house from the outside is necessary not only to ensure an optimal climate inside the rooms, but also to protect wooden walls from the negative influences of the external environment. However, to ensure high-quality thermal insulation, it is not enough just to select a material that will have a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient, but also have natural properties. Is it difficult to insulate a house made of timber from the outside or choose an internal method?

Insulating the façade of a timber house from the outside has the following advantages:

• when conducting external works uncomfortable conditions are not created for the residents of the house;
• the interior space of the premises is preserved;
• additional protection of load-bearing structures from negative external factors is provided;
• the ability to easily change the cladding of the facade of the house;
• the service life of the building increases;
• the dew point is located outside the main structures, so problems with dampness or condensation are not a problem;
• the natural properties of wood are preserved due to optimal air exchange with the external environment.

The disadvantages of this insulation technology include:

• work is permissible only under optimal climatic conditions: in the absence of precipitation and positive ambient temperatures;
• necessity external cladding or finishing, which may cause significant financial costs;
• It is possible to insulate the facade of a building only after the period of shrinkage of the timber has passed, namely after 1-2 years after its construction.

Types of materials for insulation

Insulating the walls of a log house from the outside can be done using one of the following thermal insulation materials:

• polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool;
• extruded polystyrene foam.

Styrofoam

External insulation of a house made of timber with polystyrene foam is the cheapest method of thermal insulation. The material has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.04 W/m·K. It has increased moisture resistance (maximum absorption up to 1% of the total volume), so mold and mildew do not form on it.

The service life of polystyrene foam is more than 20 years, so maintenance of the insulated layer is not required during this time. During installation, no difficulties or problems arise either, since it is used minimal amount tools, installation is carried out quickly and efficiently.

Other advantages of polystyrene foam include:

• optimal level of sound insulation;
• minimal loads on supporting structures compared to other materials;
• ease of sheet processing;
• the possibility of applying a finishing layer directly to the insulation.

Mineral wool

Insulating a log house from the outside with mineral wool is the most common method of thermal insulation. The fibrous material has a natural composition, so it can come into contact with wood without problems. Due to the softness of the mats, they can be tightly laid on a surface of any shape without air gaps.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of mineral wool is 0.077-0.12 W/m K, depending on the type of fibers and the thickness of the slabs or roll. Density varies from 10 to 100 kg/m3. The minimum service life is 20 years.

Insulation of a timber house from the outside stone wool allows you to get the following benefits:

• high level of sound insulation;
• increased fire resistance;
• not prone to damage by rodents or pests;
• optimal vapor permeability and air exchange.

The use of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) is the most profitable and expensive, as it easily withstands conditions high humidity, external mechanical influences, contact with chemically active substances. Its service life is up to 100 years, that is, it has no analogues today.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of EPS is on average 0.03 W/m·K. The level of moisture absorption is up to 0.4% of the total volume for 30 days. Unlike polystyrene foam, EPPS has a parapermeability of 0.05 mg/m·Pa·h and a homogeneous structure (granules with a size of 0.2 mm).

The density of the slabs varies from 25 to 45 kg/m 3, due to which the load on the walls can be accurately calculated. Compressive strength is up to 0.16 MPa, and bending strength is up to 0.25 MPa.

The main advantages of EPPS include:

• resistance to sudden temperature changes;
• environmental friendliness of the composition;
• resistance to fungus and mold;
• chemical resistance.

Material selection criteria and requirements for insulation process technology

Proper insulation The outside of a timber house can be made with materials that meet the following requirements:

• optimal ratio of material thickness and strength, minimum thermal conductivity coefficient;
• moisture resistance;
• non-flammability;
• so that the weight of the insulation is supported by supporting structures;
• ease of installation;
• unpretentious operation and low maintenance requirements.

The requirements for insulation technology are as follows:

• wood must be protected from external negative factors: temperature, moisture;
• the thermal insulation sheathing must have sufficient strength, not shrink and withstand sudden temperature changes;
• all layers of material should not accumulate moisture, that is, be well ventilated, or have increased waterproofing properties;
• technological installation conditions must allow the implementation of a specific insulation method: surface evenness, absence of obvious or hidden defects, the possibility of installing guides, etc.

The operating conditions of the insulation also play an important role:

• temperature range in a specific area;
• building features: fire hazard, possibility of contact with various chemically active substances, likelihood of mechanical damage;
• minimum service life of the insulation under specific conditions;
• need for maintenance.

Therefore, when choosing a material, it is important to take into account all influencing factors. Only in this case can you ensure maximum service life and no problems with the timber. It is also worth paying attention to the additional properties of insulation, which will allow you to save on laying sound or waterproofing.

Features of preparing house walls for insulation

The technology for insulating a timber house from the outside requires the following conditions and preparatory work:

• wooden house there must be a period of shrinkage in the ground after construction;
• wood must be impregnated with antiseptics and protective impregnations that reduce flammability and moisture absorption;
• all cracks and defects must be repaired; if necessary, several logs must be replaced;
• it is necessary to consider how the materials will interact with the timber in order to ensure the longest possible service life.

Options for external insulation of a timber house

Insulating a log house from the outside with your own hands can be done using one of the following methods:

• using a suspended ventilated facade;
• by spraying a polyurethane layer;
• cover with polystyrene foam.

Installation of a suspended ventilated facade

Installation of a ventilated facade involves installation of lathing, laying it in the space between the insulation guides and subsequent cladding with cladding panels. Mineral wool boards are used as thermal insulation material.

The main advantages of this technology are:

• increasing the level of hydro- and sound insulation of walls;
• ease of installation;
• minimum requirements for surface evenness;
• wide selection of finishing materials;
• shift of the dew point from the supporting structure to the insulating layers;
• ease of maintenance and repair of the hinged frame.

The implementation of the method is as follows:

1. Conducted preparatory work: wood is treated with impregnations, defects are removed, etc.
2. A wooden or metal sheathing is installed along the width of the insulation.
3. A waterproofing layer is laid.
4. The insulation is installed between the guides.
5. The insulation is covered with a windproof membrane.
6. The counter-lattice is laid along the slats of the main sheathing.
7. The cladding is done with boards or decorative panels.

Insulation under siding

The insulation of a log house from the outside under siding is similar to the technology of thermal insulation using the curtain facade method. However, there are a number of features:

• Mineral wool or EPS can be used as insulation;
• the joints of thermal insulation and guides are sealed with polyurethane foam;
• when using mineral wool, a diffusion membrane is used as waterproofing;
• When laying EPS, siding can be installed directly on the main sheathing, since installation of waterproofing is not required.

Spraying a polyurethane layer

Polyurethane spraying is an innovative method, the most effective and expensive among all existing ones. It is with its help that you can form a sealed seamless layer that is highly resistant to negative external influences: moisture, sudden temperature changes, pests.

The advantages of this technology are:

• maximum protection of timber from rotting;
• improving the fire resistance of walls;
• increased adhesion of the applied layer to various building materials;
• no need to level the base;
• no fastenings required;
• increases sound insulation;
• high layer uniformity.

However, there are a number of negative points:

• difficulty in applying a uniform layer;
• the need to use special equipment;
• high cost of polyurethane foam;
• instability to direct ultraviolet rays.

The method is implemented like this:

1. The surface of the walls is cleaned of dirt and various stains.
2. The wood is treated with antiseptics and other protective compounds.
3. Wooden guides are installed.
4. Polyurethane foam is sprayed. If necessary, apply two layers.
5. The sheathing is being installed.

Foam insulation

Thermal insulation of walls with foam plastic is very profitable and inexpensive, since the material is relatively cheap, easy to install and unpretentious in operation. In addition, laying the sheathing is not required; finishing can be done directly onto the insulation; it does not lose its properties during sudden temperature fluctuations.

Polystyrene foam is a flammable material, so it is necessary to treat the wood with impregnations that increase the ignition temperature or make it non-flammable (fire retardants).

The insulation method is implemented as follows:

1. A vertical sheathing made of wooden blocks is mounted to the walls. Their thickness is equal to the thickness of the insulation, and the fastening step is equal to the width of the slabs.
2. Foam sheets are mounted end-to-end inside the frame. The seams are sealed with sealant or heat-insulating tape. The foam is attached to dowels, called “umbrellas,” or to an adhesive base.
3. A diffusion membrane is laid end-to-end on top of the foam. All joints are taped with special tape. The membrane is secured to the staples using a stapler.
4. The facing layer is installed.

On preparatory stage When installing polystyrene foam, it is important to carefully level the walls, since at the slightest kinks (more than 1.5 mm on linear meter) cracks may appear in the sheets. In addition, this will save on the consumption of a layer of plaster.

To plaster the walls, it is not necessary to install lathing, since the load on the decorative layer is minimal. However there is one thing important condition– laying a reinforcing layer is necessary to increase the engagement area of ​​the outer layer and mechanical strength.

To make a house made of timber cozy, warm and inexpensive to maintain, and to reduce heating costs, external insulation methods are the most profitable. Their implementation is relatively simple, and there are a lot of advantages: reducing heating costs, protecting supporting structures from temperature changes, pests, mechanical, physical and chemical influences.

When choosing materials for insulation, you must be guided by the requirements for thermal insulation and the overall budget for all stages of work.

How warm can a log house be? The tree is quite rightly considered warm material giving good protection by cold. In fact, wood is about five times warmer than brick, and foam concrete is 2-3 times warmer. But what happens in practice and how to make a house really warm?

Heat engineering issues

In order for the house to be warm, its walls and other enclosing structures must have a certain resistance to heat transfer. In accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 heat transfer resistance external walls residential premises is determined depending on the area.

For example, in the Moscow region, according to new standards, this indicator should not be less than 3.13 K m 2 /W. A wall 150 mm thick, made of pine timber, has a thermal resistance of about 1.25. With a thickness of 200 mm - approximately 1.6 K m 2 / W. In any case, the thermal insulation properties of timber walls do not meet modern requirements, although they are fully within the standards in force for buildings built before 2000.

From this we can conclude that in order for a log house to comply with modern ideas about minimum energy efficiency, it is necessary to insulate it, and for this there are various materials.

How to insulate a timber house?

Before you begin work on insulating walls made of timber, you need to understand what is happening in the thickness of the wall, how it works to save heat.

In addition to the temperature difference on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall, we must not forget about the difference in humidity. The air humidity inside is always higher than outside. Steam penetrates the pores of the wood and moves towards lower partial pressure - towards the outer surface.

Most effective method insulation – external thermal insulation. With this method, the wall always remains warm and is not affected by frost damage. But it is very important that the insulation is sufficiently permeable to steam. High humidity in the walls can quickly render a wooden house unusable, and create a very unpleasant, pathogenic microclimate inside.

Among modern heat-insulating materials, mineral wool is the best at transmitting steam. For comparison, we can cite the vapor permeability of wood and various insulation materials.

• Pine across the grain – 0.06 mg/(m h Pa).
• Polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) – 0.05 mg/(m h Pa).
• EPPS – 0.013 mg/(m h Pa).
• Mineral wool – 0.5 mg/(m h Pa).

From the given data it is clear that the best material To insulate a house made of timber from the outside, mineral wool is used. The advantage of vapor permeability is so great that it outweighs the not-so-low cost of mineral wool.

The best conditions for moisture removal are created by a ventilated façade, in which an air gap of 20–50 mm thick remains between the insulation and the outer cladding. There should be air access from below and exit from the top. In this case, a constant air flow is created in the gap, which prevents moisture from accumulating.

To prevent transverse diffusion of air into the insulation, it is covered with a windproof membrane, which does not prevent steam from escaping, but increases the efficiency of thermal insulation. For outer skin You can use vinyl siding, blockhouse or other suitable material.

Warming step by step

How to insulate a house made of timber: covering a new one timber house thermal insulation is possible only after its complete shrinkage. In any case, insulation of timber walls must begin with surface preparation. It is necessary to remove moss, clean areas damaged by rot or mold, treat the walls with an antiseptic and caulk the cracks.

The next stage is installation of the sheathing. It can be made from wooden blocks of a suitable cross-section, or from metal wall profiles for drywall. The profiles are installed vertically, every 40 - 50 cm.

First, you should fix the base profile that limits curtain façade below. Then brackets are attached to the wall with a pitch along the sheathing profiles of no more than 80 cm.

After this, thermal insulation slabs are laid on the wall, starting from the base. The bracket plates pass through the slabs through the slots made in them. Then a windproof membrane is laid on the slabs in the same way. On top of the membrane you need to install umbrella fasteners that will secure the insulation. It is important that the length of the brackets allows you to install the sheathing with the necessary gap between the insulation and the cladding.

The sheathing is mounted on the insulated wall. The profiles are placed on the base profile, aligned vertically and attached to the brackets with self-tapping screws or tear-off rivets. In this case, not only the vertical of each profile is controlled, but also their alignment in a common plane. Only galvanized fasteners should be used everywhere.

After installing the sheathing, the cladding is installed. It is important that the ventilation gap remains open at the bottom and top, and also that it does not create stagnant zones under the window sills. In addition, it is very important that any folds or irregularities in the insulation do not block the vertical air flow.

Calculation of insulation thickness

When calculating the thickness of the insulation, it is necessary to take into account the thermal resistance of the wall made of timber, in order to bring the total resistance of the wall to the required value. It is better to take the thickness with a margin in order to compensate for the influence of cold bridges and the possible deterioration of thermal insulation qualities at high humidity.

Hotrock mineral wool

So how to insulate a timber house from the outside. Hotrock mineral wool is European class basalt thermal insulation. The assortment includes slabs of different densities designed to insulate the most different designs, including ventilated facades. Depending on the characteristics of a particular object, you can choose slabs with a density from 35 to 90 kg/m 3. The thermal conductivity of all slabs in a dry state ranges from 0.035 to 0.038 W/m K. A 50 mm thick slab has thermal resistance equivalent to a 150 mm thick pine beam.

Basalt wool is completely non-flammable, does not retain moisture, is not damaged by rodents and insects, and fungi and mold do not develop in it. Based on the sum of its qualities, it is recognized as the best material for wall insulation.

Owners of private houses made of timber do not think about comfort in the cold season so often, because wooden rooms are quite warm, although they lose heat over time.

However, sooner or later, carrying out insulation work will become a necessity, and we advise you to prepare thoroughly in order to easily insulate a house made of timber with your own hands.

Timely thermal insulation will reduce electricity and gas costs, so let's understand the main stages of this process and watch a video on how to insulate a log house from the outside.

Advantages and possibilities of facade thermal insulation

Insulation wooden house from timber - a simple process that does not require specific skills. Moreover, it has several advantages:

• at the same time, you can transform the facade of your house;
• reducing the thermal conductivity of the room will reduce your heating costs;
• the walls will be protected not only from the cold, but also from other seasonal factors;
• no need to carry out additional interior decoration to keep warm.

There are several options for insulating a log house from the outside. Foam boards or polyurethane foam coating can help you with this.

But the most common is a hinged ventilated facade, which involves the use of a heat insulator and external cladding. Proper insulation of a timber house will protect you from the cold for a long time and will even help mask external noise.

Let's discuss its technology and find out what materials are needed to insulate a log house from the outside with your own hands.

External insulation of wooden houses

When fixing the insulation between the facade of the building and facing material there remains free space that performs a ventilation function. It is thanks to the air gap that the beams do not rot, do not freeze, and do not accumulate moisture even in adverse weather conditions.