Frame buildings from the profile. Construction technology of a metal frame house: choice of foundation, installation, exterior finish

Faced with construction country house it becomes clear - monolithic, brick are durable, but construction and operation are expensive. Frame is more accessible, but the tree is short-lived. Technologies with dubious safety for health are not considered - glued, with foam, etc.

How to find a balance between the cost and quality of housing being built? What is the best house? The solution is metal frame houses LSTK (LSTK - Light Steel Thin-Walled Structures).

Metal frame houses are different, we strongly recommend that you use the benefits of scientific achievements in the production of metal frames and use a thermal profile. The thermal profile made it possible to obtain metal frames equal in thermal conductivity wooden frames. Cold bridges are successfully broken by applying thermal cuts to structural parts. We use efficient, 8-row thermo-cutting of profiles, developed by Finnish specialists. Thermophysical studies have confirmed the effective reduction of thermal conductivity by cutting metal strips - thermal punching.

Important: Metal construction frame house with the use of a thermal profile does not require the cost of thermal insulation of the frame along the facades and roof!

metal projects frame houses on our site differ from similar collections on other resources - they are designed by our own design department and built. Many projects of metal frame houses have been implemented repeatedly.

How metal frame houses are built is shown in the gallery of completed works of LSTC photo. Metal frame houses receive positive feedback from owners, videos.

The demand for frame houses is explained by the low cost of work and building materials, ease of installation - the whole process can be done by hand, as well as many other factors. Technologies are constantly being improved, today frame houses made of metal profiles have become widely used, consider the features of housing construction.

Those who intend to build a building from a metal profile need to understand the nuances of construction, consider the pros and cons of the technology, as well as the main stages of installing the frame with their own hands. Own house- this is not just a place where you can live, often it has a sacred meaning: comfort, home, gathering place. The natural desire to build a warm, strong and secure home, figuratively speaking, his "fortress". How to do it? Is there a proven technology with the help of which it is really possible to build frame houses from the metal profile of your dreams and with your own hands?

house from a metal profile frame technology is a prefabricated structure of various elements mounted on the construction site in accordance with the developed project.

In fact, metal profile houses are simplified and reduced versions of skyscrapers and other similar buildings.

If massive steel rolling is used in the construction of large buildings, then light steel thin-walled structures (LSTK) are used for houses made of metal profiles. The difference is only in size and bearing capacity, the material of manufacture remains the same - steel.

the material has high strength;
light weight reduces the cost of construction and reduces the load on the foundation, which makes it possible to make it more economical;
b due to its low weight, the LSTC frame reduces the cost of transportation;
during installation provides high accuracy;
the metal frame is distinguished by high strength. It is resistant to decay and destructive processes such as fungus or mold;
a simple technology for installing a frame house from a metal profile allows you to do everything yourself;
makes it possible to build houses with a free layout and large spans;
ensures cleanliness on the construction site.

With all this, metal structures have their drawbacks:

one of the main dangers is rust, the susceptibility of metal to corrosion;
unlike wood, metal does not retain heat and easily passes cold;
due to the high electrical conductivity, it is necessary to equalize the potential;
not suitable for installing heavy and bulky elements;
a certain risk in case of fires: the time of evacuation of people is reduced due to the rapid melting of metal structures at extreme temperatures.

However, the simplicity of such construction, its high speed is the obvious advantage of LSTK.

Metal profile house: technology and construction stages

The first stage of construction is the design stage, in which the entire plan and necessary documentation are developed.

Creation of project documentation

It should be noted that in any case - even if you plan to do it yourself - at the design stage, you need the help of a specialist. This is due to the fact that the entire frame structure is produced in one factory according to the ordered dimensions.

There are three options for action:

the cheapest option is simply to choose the desired item from the catalog of finished projects and order everything the right details at the factory;
You can also make some changes to the already finished project. It will be a little more expensive, but will allow you to individualize your future home, adjust to your needs;
ordering an individual project from specialists is the most expensive option.

Speaking of the latter option, it should be clarified what it provides:

facade development;
floor and roof plans;
detailed drawings for the frame;
sometimes a 3-D model of the future building is compiled.

There is another option - to develop a metal frame project on your own without specialists. Of course, it will be cheaper, but also much more difficult.

The choice of foundation for a frame house from a metal profile

Construction, of course, begins with the installation of the foundation. In his choice, the features are of primary importance. land plot, geological activity, soil features.

For the construction of a frame house from a metal profile with your own hands, two options are optimal:

shallow strip foundation;
pile-grillage foundation.

The first type is used in case of good, solid ground. It fits perfectly under one- and two-story buildings made of lightweight materials.

The second type of base is suitable for soils with unstable characteristics, for example, for heaving soils that are characterized by low strength.

Assembling the structure of the house

From the factory, the elements of the metal frame structure come in a numbered form. This makes the process of building a building frame with your own hands much easier. Another convenience during assembly - all parts have desired size and shape, and there is no need to waste time and effort on trimming and fitting.

The supplied kit contains:

various frame profiles with holes for connection and communications;
fastener sets.

This is reminiscent of a children's game constructor: it is enough to use the instructions, install the profiles in accordance with the project and fix them with connecting elements.

Important: It is more desirable to choose a Z-shaped section to create a frame, it has perforations or special grooves.

In another way, this element is called a “thermal profile”, it is the most recommended option in the field of private residential housing construction, because, due to its design, it is able to retain heat.

Facade insulation and cladding works

frame sheathing - The final stage assemblies.

The technology of work is similar to that used in the construction of wooden frame houses.

There are 3 cladding options:

Assembling structures with your own hands.

From the outside, the metal frame is sheathed with a glass-magnesium or profiled sheet, and a exterior finish.

Thermal insulation is laid between the racks: this can be mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. You can also use foam - it is much cheaper. Walls must be vapor-proofed from the inside and waterproofed from the outside. WITH inside plasterboard lining is covered.

Sandwich panels.
They are produced and painted in a given color at the factory - this greatly speeds up the assembly of the house. One of the main advantages of these panels is that they significantly reduce the cost of work, since they are both a heater and an element of exterior decoration.

Other advantages of panels:

resistant to external environment, influences high temperature and fire;
have high thermal insulation properties;
environmentally friendly and safe for humans.

Heat blocks.
This is a rather complex multilayer material, “bricks”, consisting of layers of porous expanded clay concrete, expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) grade 25 and lining of expanded clay concrete.

Heat blocks are high-tech - they create thermal insulation and an attractive facade. The requirement during construction is that the width of the masonry joints between the blocks can be no more than 5 mm, therefore, instead of the usual solution, special solutions and adhesives are used. Additional reinforcement is used to strengthen the entire structure. It is performed with meshes of wire reinforcement in horizontal seams with a diameter of 3 mm.

frame house from a metal profile

Time does not stand still and the path to beauty and originality in modern construction pushes into the past building materials that have been used for a long time, opening the way for the development of new and often unexpected housing options. We are accustomed to the fact that the main and familiar building materials for the construction of houses are wood and brick. In the 21st century, a metal profile has come to replace it, from which you can build a durable and cozy house For permanent residence. Frame houses from a metal profile are one of the most quick ways get comfortable accommodation. The order of construction remains the same. First of all, they are engaged in the construction of the foundation, then the walls are installed, and then all the necessary communications are brought in. Everything is very simple and standard.

Advantages of a frame house made of metal profiles

The technology of building houses from a metal profile has the following advantages:

the light weight of the structure makes it possible to use available species foundations: support-column or pile, also when erecting all the elements, it is not required to involve heavy special equipment;
high accuracy of installation - all elements of the frame are manufactured in the factory on a high-precision and modern equipment which facilitates the construction process;
a guarantee of the integrity of the structure of the house, the absence of shrinkage and deformation, which allows for the finishing of the facade and interior immediately after the completion of construction work;
It has full compatibility with other building materials;
the operational characteristics of the metal profile make it possible to realize the most original architectural fantasies;
frame houses made of metal profiles have a long service life;
all surfaces are resistant to decay, fungus and mold;
at proper insulation you can live in the house all year round With minimal cost for heating.

Cons of using a metal profile

a short period of time for evacuation in case of fire (the structure loses its rigidity and may collapse);
the metal profile is not suitable for the construction of massive structures.

Development of a house project from a metal profile

Before starting the construction of the frame, you need to develop a project. Even if work is planned that will be done by hand, you still need the help and advice of a specialist to properly develop the project.

Gololobovsky brick factory - , contact information, address, phone.

The cheapest way would be to choose standard project, and order from the factory the parts that will be needed. In this case, at the request of the customer, changes can be made to the layout, the type of exterior and interior decoration, and a different type of foundation can also be chosen.

Important: Individual project it costs much more, but here all the requirements and wishes of the client are taken into account, the customer directly with the architect works out all the details of the drawings of the future home.

Basically, the project provides floor plans, roofs, facades, drawings of frame elements and a 3D model of the house.

Types of construction of a frame house from a metal profile

The metal frame will be assembled in the area where the construction is being carried out. The weight of the parts of the structure is small, even one worker can handle them. After installing the frame, the walls are lined on both sides: internal and external, and then doors and windows are installed.
Using larger elements, construction will also be carried out at the construction site. The advantage is that in this case, much less time will be spent on work.
It differs from the previous two in its speed. And it lies in the fact that the frame of the house is assembled at the factory and subsequently installed in the right place with a crane.

Thus, careful preparation for design and construction will allow you to build a reliable house from a metal profile that will serve the owner for more than one year.

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A metal frame for the house will help to build inexpensive and reliable housing in a short time. These structures were mainly used for the construction of industrial and commercial buildings, due to the high thermal conductivity of the material. With the advent of thermal profiles and different type Insulators metal frame houses were a significant competitor to wooden ones.

A metal frame house can be built both in classical and modern or high-tech style.

Features of frame houses from a metal profile

The house from the profile consists entirely of metal structures. They are the basis of walls, floors and roofs. The thickness of the profiles used depends on the bearing loads.

Features of such buildings:

due to the light frame, the weight of the whole house is reduced;

a house made of a straight steel profile is built quickly and does not require the use of many building tools.

Despite the emergence of new technologies in construction, a metal house requires additional thermal insulation, since this material has a high thermal conductivity. The choice of this or that insulation depends on the climatic conditions in which the house will be located.

The metal used in the construction of such houses is durable, does not rot and burn, and does not require additional processing. The material can be completely recycled without harming the environment.

Construction work is carried out in any season, regardless of the weather. The steel frame is suitable for the construction of low one-, two-, three-, and four-story buildings.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal profile houses

The technology of building frame houses made of metal is becoming more and more popular. This is facilitated by a number of advantages of this material.

A metal frame house is much lighter than a wooden and brick house. When performing work, less material is used, which makes it possible to build a lighter and less solid foundation. Mostly use its tape and pile types. Installation work carried out faster. Their cost is much lower than when working with a wooden base at home.

Since a metal profile house is much colder than a wooden or brick house, the technology of light thin-walled steel structures is used in its construction. In this case, the profile is protected from heat transfer by additional heaters that fill the entire space between the frame racks. As thermal insulation materials use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, ecowool, expanded polystyrene. These materials are not expensive and also have good soundproofing qualities.

Insulation plays an important part in creating a warm and environmentally friendly home.

Having correctly made the so-called “pie” for insulating the walls of the house, in compliance with the technology of protection from the wind from the outside and from the steam inside, you can achieve maximum insulation of the house.

A frame house made of metal profiles, despite the lightness of steel structures, is quite durable. Its service life reaches 100 years. Reliability is achieved by using galvanized profiles equipped with stiffeners. The coating of the material protects it from corrosion. The frame of a metal house does not shrink over time, does not crack, has good fire safety and is not affected by pests.

To reduce the electrical conductivity of the material, metal-frame buildings are equipped with proper grounding. To finish the house outside and inside, materials are used that are in themselves dielectrics. The complex of these works provides complete insulation of metal parts.

An important advantage of a steel frame is its ability to withstand roofing materials having a large weight.

The disadvantage of using a metal frame is its rapid destruction during a fire. From high temperature, the metal loses its rigidity and deforms. At the same time, the house is destroyed much faster than the wooden one.

In such a house it is difficult to install built-in furniture and household appliances. For the installation of massive cabinets and other devices, it is necessary to additionally strengthen the place for installation with profiles. steel profile difficult to combine with materials such as cement or brick. This is especially inconvenient when building a fireplace or other structural elements Houses.

Video description

About the features of building a house from LSTK in detail in the following video:

On our website you can get acquainted with the most from the construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Types of steel profiles

For the manufacture of elements of light thin-walled steel structures, durable structural steel is used. The product itself is made using the cold stamping method. For corrosion protection on a metal sheet apply zinc coating.

Metal structures are also made from hot-dip galvanized sheets. They are used less often because of their high cost but much more durable in operation.

For the production of a profile, a sheet of steel is taken from 0.7 to 2 mm. The choice of thickness is influenced by the required bearing capacity of the structural element.

The following types of profiles are used:

guides,

rack,

Special beams are also used to cover the floor and shelf. The truss system of the building consists of the same elements. Connect all elements of the metal frame structure with bolts, rivets, self-tapping screws. In some cases, contact welding is used.

Stages of building a house from a metal profile

The stages of construction of a metal frame house are the construction of:

foundation;

structural insulation;

home decoration.

Foundation

Frame from metal profiles lightweight and does not require the construction of a capital foundation. Before choosing the type of foundation, you should study the nature of the soil on the construction site.

For such a house, a shallowly recessed strip foundation is quite suitable. It may be of small width, since the load is from lightweight steel structure will be small. The base is made as a rigid horizontal frame, which allows redistributing the load in case of deformation of the base.

When using a columnar foundation, the frame is made of rigidly interconnected beams mounted on supports.

Pile-screw foundation with a strapping of timber 200x200 is ready for fastening the metal frame

For the foundation, brick, reinforced concrete and monolithic blocks are used. The device of shallow foundations allows you to save concrete consumption and reduce labor costs, which in turn reduces the cost of the house.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Frame assembly and roof installation

A turnkey metal frame house consists of mandatory elements that affect the reliability of its operation. These include:

horizontal frame;

metal columns used to connect the frame to the foundation;

vertical columns;

roof trusses;

purlins for attaching wall panels.

The rigidity and stability of the frame in all three directions is created in compliance with the rules for installing the main structural elements: frames, trusses and columns. This is achieved in compliance with the rules of spatial geometry. All products are manufactured with a high degree of precision.

To speed up the installation process, each product is marked accordingly. Structural elements the future house is brought to the construction site in disassembled form and already on the spot they are connected. Some modules are delivered ready-made.

Prefabricated wall panels with window openings reduce home assembly time

Not only individual elements frame base, but also completed wall panels. In some cases, they are equipped with windows, heating system and facing. The wall modules are installed on the support frame and connected to the steel span structure by welding and threaded fastening.

The roof of a house made of metal profiles can be:

lean-to;

gable.

Depending on the shape of the house itself, the roof can be of a complex configuration. The most common types of roofs for metal frame houses are one- and two-slope.

Roof steel structure elements are load-bearing trusses, truss elements and spans. The work itself is no different from the construction of a roof from other materials. Build first truss system and make a roof sheathing. Then they perform steam, waterproofing and lay the top coat of the roof.

This is how the roof insulation scheme looks like

For rafters, a galvanized C-shaped profile with a thickness of 0.8 mm - 1.2 mm is used. The crate is made of steel profile beams of rectangular or square section. A vapor barrier film, insulation and waterproofing material. For finish coat houses use slate, metal tiles, ondulin and other materials.

House insulation

Warming of a house from a metal profile is carried out with polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Polyurethane foam is also used. The space that is filled with any material should become dense and effectively retain heat. All cavities inside the metal profiles are filled with foam.

From the inside, the surface of the walls of a metal-frame house is covered with a vapor barrier material, and a dense film is attached to the outside to protect it from the wind.

The openings between the wall panels are also filled with such new materials as gas and foam blocks, which contain insulation.

For external wall decoration, surface plastering is used, a natural stone, brick and siding.

Video description

The process of building a frame house from a metal profile in this video:

Projects and cost of houses

The cost of a metal frame house includes the expenseon:

materials;

assembly work.

Can lower the cost a bit finished house by ordering a standard building assembly. The price of housing itself is not much different from that of wood or brick. Two-storey cottage from sandwich panels, with dimensions of 7x10 meters will cost about 1.7 million rubles. However, the price depends on the configuration of the house. If you order only a warm circuit, then the cost of the "box" will be about 1.32 million rubles. A house with a rough finish costs about 1.75 million rubles.

Projects of houses from a metal frame are varied:

Fachwerk-style metal frame house

small house from metal frame With attic floor, with a total area of 72 sq. m., is intended for a family with children. The house is convenient to use, with enough living rooms. In construction, ferrous metal is used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures and galvanized thermal profile for wall panels. The structural elements of the house are connected using self-tapping screws.

The cottage is being built without the use of special equipment.

One-story metal frame house with a garage

It is made of metal structures that can withstand the necessary loads. Exterior finish – decorative plaster. Options for finishing - brick or siding. roof type - metal beams, roofing - metal tiles.

Classic house with attic

Quite often, buyers prefer projects two-storey houses or cottages with a residential attic. There are no restrictions on the design - the project can be chosen with a garage, a balcony and other extensions.

Conclusion

In terms of design, frame houses made of metal profiles do not impose any significant restrictions on architects. True, after the construction of the house, over time it will no longer be possible to reschedule, but this is a feature of many technologies.

Special attention should be paid to the insulation of the LSTK-house. Since the metal has good thermal conductivity, in order to exclude the appearance of cold bridges, a special approach to insulation and strict adherence to technology is required. For this reason, the construction of the LSTK-house should be carried out by professionals who will give a guarantee for their work.

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progressive modern technologies step by step into everyday life. Construction is no exception. In search of the golden mean between price and quality deserves special attention a private house from a metal frame.

Light steel thin-walled structures, LSTC, developed in Canada in the mid-50s of the last century. The technology was conceived as an alternative to frame houses.

Almost the same principle of easy, quick construction of a warm, durable building was supplemented by the properties of metal. Unlike wood, metal not treated with antiseptics, the frame is durable, does not respond to changes in humidity. In addition, on-site rework was kept to a minimum.

LSTK technology is distinguished by:

increased energy saving measures;
quick assembly without the use of construction machines;
building construction in winter;
a small staff of workers;
lack of construction debris;
opportunity complete dismantling building.

TO shortcomings technology is one of its positive qualities- light weight. In areas with heaving soils during prolonged frosts, the freezing soil expands, pushing out a structure that does not have sufficient mass. foundation used in difficult conditions, carefully calculated.

The next negative aspect is the lack of a regulatory framework in Russia that regulates the construction of houses in this way.

of the Unified Code of Rules for the Construction of LSTK Buildings in Russia for this moment does not exist.

If, in pursuit of profit, manufacturers reduce the thickness of the profile, the amount of zinc for processing - this does not meet the standard that should be regulated by certain construction.

Important! It is necessary to choose a production that fully respects the technology. The indicator of quality is written guarantee for parts and labor.

There are also architectural restrictions - the wall of the second floor can only rest on the wall of the first floor. It is prohibited to rest the structure on the floor.

What is a metal frame house made of?

The main element of LSTK is thin-walled galvanized profile, solid or perforated. A frame made of thin metal profiles, with proper calculation, becomes reliable supporting structure. Galvanized profile does not oxidize, does not deform, does not rot.

The floor of any of the floors can withstand loads up to 1000 kg. This indicator is comparable with the bearing capacity of the reinforced reinforced concrete slab. Insulation layers dampen sound waves and vibration.

Some of the profiles are perforated to reduce heat transfer and avoid "bridges of cold", do not let the heat go outside. The thickness of the profile offered by the market varies between 0.75-3 mm.

The frame of the profiles is insulated, the outside is laid with two layers of gypsum fiber, after which the outer cladding is attached.

Outside, the buildings from the metal frame are trimmed:

siding, metal or vinyl;
slabs OSB, TsSP, with subsequent finishing with plaster;
metal profiled sheet;
brickwork.

From the side of the room, a vapor barrier film is laid, covered with material interior decoration. Between the film and the fence leave an air gap.

As a rule, for inner surface walls use GVL sheets, finishing drywall sheets optional.

For insulation, only non-combustible materials are used - mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam.

Wall and frame elements are assembled on mechanized assembly tables, are delivered to the construction site in large-sized parts or individual posts, adjusted to the millimeter.

The thickness of the walls depends on the climatic region, varies within 150-300 mm, the number of storeys is limited to six.

Development of a project for a house from a metal frame

Standard projects for LSTK technologies standardized, it remains to choose best option with the right climatic conditions.

Individual house project performs the manufacturer. The first step will be the creation of technical specifications for the project. The terms of reference determine the desired size of the building in the axes, the number of storeys, layout features, basic and Decoration Materials buildings.

In places where wall furniture, hanging cabinets are attached, it is planned in advance to strengthen the rigidity of the wall with additional profiles.

Average calculation of a private house project takes 2-5 working days. Miscalculations, errors, disproportion, inconsistency of parts must be eliminated in the factory. Sometimes the forums discuss the characteristic clicking of the frame when heated.

note

Profile cracking in the sun is possible only with errors in installation, trimming the profile, and additional holes.

Properly mounted, unmodified profiles do not make sounds.

Foundation for a metal profile house

The constructive type of foundation for a house made of LSTK should be taken according to local conditions of the geological composition, the depth of winter freezing of the soil. Foundation for a metal frame house do not reinforce, often erected independently. Weight square meter frame 30-45 kg, square meter of the finished panel about 70 kg.

The following design solutions for the foundation are optimal:

tape monolithic. Reinforced concrete tape is poured along the perimeter, under the internal bearing walls building;
columnar. The load is taken by evenly distributed pillars, interconnected at the tops by a beam;
pile bored. The house rests on piles embedded in drilled holes, also tied around protruding heads;
pile screw. Metal piles are screwed into the ground, scalded around the perimeter with a metal beam;
slab monolithic foundation. The pit is torn off under the entire area of the building, a single reinforced slab is poured on a sand cushion.

The most costly and time-consuming of the listed structures is slab. With the overall cost-effectiveness of the building project from LSTK, slab foundation being built only on difficult mobile, peaty soils, where, under the given conditions, another construction is impossible.

Strip foundation most familiar to individual construction , combined with the device of basements, basement floors.

Trenching soil is physically easier for self construction than drilling holes.

A sand cushion is laid along the bottom of the trench, compacted, formwork and a reinforcing cage are installed.

At one time, the formwork is concreted. concrete mix held until cured.

For installation screw piles construction equipment required, but this is the only way that is effective in winter. By pressing in and screwing in, a metal pile coated with a corrosion-protective paint is deepened to the design point.

The choice of a pile or column foundation excludes the use of space under the house for basements, cellars, basement floors.

The order of assembly of the iron frame, features

According to the finished foundation, it is laid on the mastic roll waterproofing in two layers. Installation of the LSTK frame house takes place in the following sequence:

laying the lower binding profile;
installation of wall racks, from the corner, controlling the verticality of the elements;
installation of intermediate racks;
overlap fastening of the upper guide profiles;
erection of the truss system;
laying of electrical wiring, engineering networks;
installation facing materials with parallel insulation.

The strapping profile is attached to the foundation with anchors, the remaining joints are connected with self-tapping screws.

Special requirements apply to the electrical safety of the building. Wiring and parsing points are carried out in strict accordance with the project. The rules for making connections, the ground loop, the power of automatic fuses and their number are strictly observed.

Important! The roof contour must be grounded, a lightning rod is installed.

Self-construction of a metal frame house

Frame installation one-story house from LSTK with an area of about 100 squares takes 2-4 days when working together. Required Tools just two: screwdriver and riveter.

Work is carried out strictly according to the instructions. Detailing is marked according to the assembly drawing and packed separately.

Parts can be supplied in large, prefabricated units, reducing the complexity of the job and increasing the cost of the kit. The weight of the finished part does not exceed 100 kg, this is provided for ease of assembly.

If the profiles are dismantled, at the first stage, the profiles that form one panel should be decomposed into piles. Racks can be attached both individually and assembled in a plane. After horizontal assembly, the panel is lifted and screwed to the lower tie profile.

Installation of window and doorways is carried out after the frame is sewn from the outside, before the insulation is laid. The insulation must remain dry.

Important! When wet, mineral wool insulation loses energy-saving and soundproofing properties. Wet mineral wool emits an unpleasant odor when it dries.