Installation of chimney pipes in a wooden house. Installation of a chimney in a wooden house. For gas boilers

Correct installation of a chimney is the key to a long and safe work heating system both in the house and in the bathhouse. It is possible to do it yourself, but if you have even the slightest doubt about your abilities, it is better to entrust this task to professionals. They will make calculations and help you choose best view chimney, a gas exhaust and ventilation system will be installed, and the owner of the house will only have to independently inspect and clean the chimney.

Having built a wooden house, many homeowners use stoves to heat their homes. Any stove has a chimney, which is designed to remove combustion products. In addition, they arrange in chimneys ventilation ducts necessary to maintain the required air balance in the house. If the chimney is built correctly, then it does not cause problems for the residents of the house. If mistakes were made during the construction process, this is immediately noticeable. It is important that the cause of a fire in a wooden house is most often the incorrect installation of the chimney. Chimneys are distinguished by material and design, depending on the type of heating equipment. Chimneys can be made of brick, ceramic pipes, black and stainless steel. Each material has its pros and cons, for example, more soot accumulates in brick chimneys than in metal ones. And chimneys made of black steel are the cheapest in price, but at the same time the most unreliable in terms of fire safety. This type of chimney can be used for infrequent use.

Choosing a chimney installation location.

Chimneys must be constructed in strict accordance with regulatory documents. The pipe must exit strictly vertically through them, a deviation of up to 30 degrees is possible. It is believed that the longer the pipe, the better the traction, but at the same time efficiency is lost. Therefore, you need to maintain a balance between draft and heat transfer. The recommended pipe height is at least 5 meters. When removing a chimney from the roof, the following rules must be taken into account:

• The height of the chimney relative to a flat roof or ridge must be at least 50 cm.
• the chimney should be located at a distance from the ridge, no closer than 1.5 m.
• if the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 - 3 meters from the ridge, then its height can be equal to the height of the ridge.
• if the chimney is located at a distance of more than 3 meters from the ridge, then the chimney should be located no lower than a line drawn down from the ridge at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizontal.

When venting a chimney in a wooden house Special attention attention must be paid to passing the pipe through wooden floors. These areas must be protected with sheets of steel or non-combustible thermal insulation. It will be very good if a ceiling passage unit is installed in this place. When removing the chimney, special attention should be paid to the arrangement of the cuttings. It should be remembered that wooden houses are subject to shrinkage, which violates the integrity of the cuts and can lead to a reduction in fire clearances.

It is important to pay attention to the wall next to which the chimney runs. If the distance between the chimney and the wall is less than 0.6 m, then part of the wall can be replaced with foam concrete - a non-flammable material, on top foam concrete block are closing decorative finishing. Or wooden surface treat with fire retardants.

If a wooden house has a fireplace, then the best option for installing a chimney is a “sandwich” design. This design consists of two pipes inserted into one another and separated by a thermal insulation layer. Thermal insulation material most often acts mineral wool. This design is used when installing chimney ducts according to external wall Houses.

Chimney maintenance.

In order for the chimney to function properly and not cause a fire, a number of rules must be followed. Be sure to monitor the integrity of the heating equipment and chimney. Cracks, holes, and any leaks in sealing must be corrected immediately. The cause of a fire can also be the accumulation of soot in the chimney. Therefore, cleaning the chimney is a preventative measure not only for improving draft, but also as a fire-fighting measure.

Installing a chimney in a wooden house is a rather complex and responsible process that requires certain skills and attention from a specialist. After all, the wood from which the walls of the building are made begins to char already at 200 degrees, while stable combustion of firewood in the firebox begins at 300 degrees.

To do this, it is important to follow all the rules for installing a chimney in a wooden house in order to protect your property from fire, and also to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.

Preconditions for choosing a chimney

For many millennia, people have lived in houses made of wood and comfortably use various stoves, fireplaces and hearths. Of course, during this period considerable experience has been accumulated, which this moment reflected in construction and installation regulations. Of course, the installation of a chimney in a building of this type is also regulated by documents taken as a basis by the relevant government agencies.

IN guidance document SNiP 41-01-2003, relating to heating, ventilation and air conditioning, contains basic information that regulatory authorities take into account. It states that it is prohibited to place flammable components at a distance closer than 130 mm from concrete or brick pipes. As for ceramic pipes, they must be removed to an even greater distance - 250 mm.

Since wood is considered one of the most flammable materials, and many insulation materials are also susceptible to rapid flare-ups, it is important to ensure that these elements are kept away from the chimney itself.

Brick chimney

Even due to the fact that new materials for arranging chimneys are constantly appearing on the market, brick still remains one of the most popular types. When settling in brick chimney It will be useful to know the following:

1. The masonry should be supported by bandaging, inside the building - on cement-limestone or all-limestone mortar, and above the roof, cement mortar is used.
2. Based on the rules that govern furnace work, the chimney should be made of solid red brick with a seam of no more than 10 mm. It is not allowed to carry out plastering work on the inner surface of the pipe.
3. The heavy weight of the chimney must be supported by a suitable foundation.
4. Exposure to acid condensate destroys brickwork, debris of which can get inside and reduce the cross-section of the channel.
5. In mind uneven surface bricks, a layer of soot settles inside the structure.

To reduce some of the negative impacts, experts recommend pouring concrete into the space between the asbestos-cement pipe and the brick. This method is called sleeve.

Overlap between floors

There is an option for passing the chimney through a wooden ceiling. It can be divided into types using two-layer asbestos and without it. In the first case, the distance between the pipe and wooden beam will be equal to the length of one brick, namely - 250 mm. Another option assumes a distance from the chimney to the floor beam of at least 380 mm.

Wall

Wall wooden house must be completely removed from the chimney by at least 25 cm, including the distance from the “smoke” to the tree. If asbestos is not used as an insulating layer, then this figure increases to 38 cm.

For new log houses, it is advantageous to use a plank panel installed on the wall using the sliding fit method, as this compensates for the settlement of the log house. For air circulation in the chimney, holes are made in the side walls at the top and bottom. Wooden floors in a retreat are covered with one layer of brick or some other fireproof type of material.

How to remove the chimney through the roof? The following rules will help you:

• It is important to maintain the distance between the outside surface of the pipe and wooden rafters. The minimum indicator must be at least 130 mm.
• This gap is fixed with stone wool.
• If you plan to use flammable materials for roofing, then you need to increase the distance to 260 mm.
• In those places where the chimney is in direct contact with the roof, fireproof materials must be used. Slate is possible, however, the best option is steel roofing. In this case, the distance must be at least 500 mm between these elements.

Height of pipe above roof covering

This parameter can be calculated as follows:

1) No less 500 mm in the presence of flat roof or the location of the chimney near the ridge.
2) Not less 500 mm above the ridge, if the pipe axis exit distance is less 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet.
3) Not lower than the roof ridge if the o axis comes out t 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge.
4) Not lower than the presented line, which can be drawn from the ridge to the horizon at an angle of 10 degrees, if the chimney has an axis more than 3 m from the ridge.

Ceramic chimneys

IN Lately The popularity of ceramic chimneys for installation in a wooden house has increased significantly. This may be due to the fact that:

• This modular system completely factory ready for assembly
• The ceramics used have high heat resistance, acid resistance and durability
• Due to the smoothness of the material, it does not accumulate inside the structure. a large number of soot, as, for example, in brick chimneys.
• They require a solid foundation due to their considerable weight.

Metal chimneys

It is impossible not to note the stable demand for chimneys made of sandwich pipes.

1. They are easy and simple to install
2. Due to its lightness, it does not require additional foundation
3. Thermal insulation is ensured by filling with basalt wool during installation
4. The air flow of the draft circulates continuously and is not disturbed over time due to the smoothness interior walls chimney. This also controls soot settling.
5. High-quality stainless steel, which is used for the internal channel, ensures the safety and durability of the system.

When choosing a chimney, do not forget about the possible temperatures of the flue gases. To do this, you should choose the material based on the thickness of the inner wall of the pipe. This indicator is:

• From 0.5 mm for diesel, gas and pellet boilers.
• From 0.8 to 1.0 mm for sauna stoves and fireplaces, as well as conventional stoves.
• From 1.0 mm for coal boilers.

The thermal insulation layer, which is used for stoves, fireplaces and coal boilers, must have a thickness up to 100 mm. If it comes to automated boilers, then this figure can be halved.

Overlap

As already mentioned, one of the unsurpassed conveniences is the availability and selection of already finished elements for your chimney. If one supplier cannot provide you the necessary details, you can quickly find another who is ready to offer you a whole set.

1. When solving the problem of interfloor slabs, you can use factory cutting.
2. It may be called attic or interfloor.
3. The inner diameter of the sandwich pipe must be commensurate with the outer diameter.
4. A square-shaped hole is cut to fit the corresponding part of the cutting. If desired, you can make it with a reserve in order to wrap the metal with an additional layer of non-combustible basalt.
5. Next, the chimney is drawn directly through the resulting hole.
6. On final stage the space is filled with basalt wool.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the joints of chimney pipes. It is important that they do not get into the ceiling and remain outside the structure.

Roof installation

This process can be compared to solving the overlap problem. Ready-made roof trim is widely used in this case. It comes in various sizes and different slope angles.

1. Do not forget that the passage assembly is much more complex than that of the ceiling passage.
2. On each side, the offset from the pipe to the tree should be at least 250 mm. From above, the hole and chimney are covered with a roof, protecting it from external influences.
3. Above the roof, a kopinik is put on the chimney pipe, which is clamped with a clamp for tightness. It protects the structure from precipitation.
4. The gap between the rafters and the chimney is filled with non-flammable mineral wool, and then closed on the bottom side with a metal reflector.

Chimney in the wall

In many cases, sandwich chimneys are installed outside the house and discharged through external wall. This has its advantages, such as the absence of the need for complex passages through the roof and ceilings. In addition, the level of fire hazard is reduced. With this arrangement of the chimney, a horizontal passage is added through a vertical wall.

Considering such a structure from the point of view of thermal insulation, we can say that such a unit does not differ from an interfloor unit in its parameters. The difficulty is that over time log wall is capable of shrinking, so it is necessary to do additional planting of the cutting. It is worth remembering safety measures, especially when installing a chimney in a bathhouse. In this case, for wood and coal boilers, as well as wood stoves and fireplaces, a spark arrester is installed.

The number of private houses that appeared in our country over the past last years, is getting bigger and bigger. Everyone strives either to completely leave the cramped box, or to provide themselves with the opportunity to relax outside the city at least on weekends. The construction, one way or another, is experienced by any private owner who has his own plot. If not building a house or bathhouse from scratch, then repairs and reconstruction.
Every home requires heating. The types of heating devices vary greatly from area to area. Gas is available somewhere and then boilers are used. Civilization has never reached somewhere, so the stove is heated with wood. But in any case, a chimney is needed. Any heating of a private house that is not connected to a common boiler room is a combustion process. And if something burns, it means that a lot of combustion products are released.

Chimney through the wall of the house

We are used to classic version chimney installations - through the roof. But recently, another method has become increasingly common - through the wall. When the house has already been built and the heating equipment has not yet been installed, installing a chimney through the wall is a logical solution. And when replacing the heating system, this is also an option. Especially if the old chimney is really bad, and you don’t want to climb on the roof and dismantle it. But even in buildings under construction, every now and then they design a chimney passing through the wall of the house.

Pros of the solution

• Fire safety. A pipe that has been uncleaned for a long time accumulates soot, which is a highly flammable material. A chimney that catches fire outside is much safer for the home than an internal one. Especially if the house is brick.
• Reducing the risk of smoke. As we will see later, the external chimney has a small section inside the house, and the main part outside. Therefore, when correct installation smoke is unbelievable.
• Absence of necessity roofing works. Not everyone wants to make a hole in their roof. If the chimney fits into the general architectural style at home, then it is preferable.
• Saving space in the house. A little, but still. We are mainly talking about the upper floors. After all, no pipes pass through the attic, which means you can safely arrange additional living space there.
• There is only one passage through the walls of the house, instead of several through the ceilings and roof. We save materials, and to some extent, strength, because climbing on the roof is not at all easy.

Cons of the solution

• Reliable fixation is required, which can be difficult to maintain and implement. Especially for tall cottages and old wooden houses.
• The emergence of sailing. If the chimney had to be raised to a great height, the wind becomes dangerous for it. It is necessary to secure the structure to the wall as carefully as possible.
• Violation of the architecture of the house. This is a purely aesthetic drawback; not everyone pays attention to it. But still new bast hut A pipe running along the wall will not decorate it.

Materials

Before you start self-installation or hire a team, you need to decide on the pipe material. So what to choose?

Brick pipe with liner

This is a good option for any home, even a wooden one. But installing such a chimney is difficult. Although it looks aesthetically pleasing.

Single circuit stainless steel pipe

It seems like a simple option, and inexpensive. But it should be borne in mind that on the street this pipe must be insulated. This means that we get an additional front of work and not quite pleasant appearance(if we talk about an inexpensive option).

Ceramics

Ceramic pipes with a ready-made block shell are one of the best options. They have increased heat resistance, are thermally conductive, and do not accumulate soot and condensation. After all, they look great. But there is one big “But” - the price. Using them, you will get a fairly expensive chimney.

Sandwich

This best option for any chimney. The sandwich is insulated, condensation does not accumulate in them, they do not get very hot, and at the point of passage through the wall there is wooden building the risk of fire is low. They are cheaper in price than ceramic ones, although more expensive than single-circuit ones. But adding insulation to a steel pipe will also make it more expensive.

Dimensions

When choosing pipes, you need to focus on the diameter. For each boiler, the technical description must contain information on the permissible cross-sectional diameter. It is important that he be larger diameter boiler pipe. You can also focus on the nameplate power:

• Up to 3.5 kW – sandwich inner pipe diameter 80 mm
• Up to 5.2 kW – 95 mm or more
• More than 5.2 kW – from 110 mm

The minimum height of the chimney must always be 5m. Even for small buildings. If you have a tall house, then use the rule from the diagram:

This will help you ensure good draft in the heating device and avoid smoke.
For ease of calculation, we provide a table:

Installation of a chimney through a wall

It is quite possible to install chimneys through the wall with your own hands. The danger lies only in ignorance of all the requirements for the combustion product removal system. And this is fraught with poisoning or worse. Therefore, before you start anything, read the SNiPs, which spell out all the requirements for chimneys. If you have a gas boiler or metal stove, read carefully technical description. As a rule, it indicates the characteristics of smoke exhaust structures.

For simplicity of description, we will focus on the fact that we are making a sandwich chimney through the wall. Then we don’t have to think about insulation, and this greatly simplifies the task.

Don’t forget that the first meter of pipe must still be single-circuit! The insulation in the sandwich may burn out.

Let's list the steps indoor installation designs for open chamber boilers and furnaces:

1. We choose a section of the wall where there are no wires and no internal communications. This is a must!
2. Mark a hole on the wall and cut it out.
3. We mount the pipe and secure it in the hole.
4. We line the hole itself with fireproof material. Use mineral wool. The top should be covered with a casing or plastered.
5. We connect the smoke exhaust pipe. The section passing through the wall can be exactly horizontal. This the best option. Then the angle between it and external pipe will be 90 degrees. But several heating devices require tilt. Read the requirements carefully and, if necessary, carefully install the pipe at an angle. The performance and performance of heating equipment will depend on this.
6. At the outlet of the pipe, we attach a tee with an inspection and a condensate collector from the outside and fix it to the wall with a bracket. If you have horizontal section it turned out to be more than one meter, you will have to compensate by increasing the length of the chimney. It depends on the traction.
7. We mount the remaining pipe, which should go up strictly vertically. This is the best option - the fewer bends, the better the traction. The total number of turns should not exceed three. Provide reliable fastenings to the wall and a stand from below so that the entire structure does not collapse under its own weight. The distance between fasteners should not exceed a meter. It is better to try to make it 60 cm. A layer of heat insulation is laid in the gap between the wall and the pipe. You can use mineral wool or coat it with asbestos.

A closed type boiler with forced draft requires only a horizontal chimney. The pipe is routed through the wall according to the same rules, but the vertical part is not installed.

Chimney through a wall in a wooden house

Installing a smoke exhaust structure with a passage through a wooden wall has its own characteristics. It is necessary to carefully insulate the pipe, avoiding contact with the wall. Cover it with fireproof material. You can use brick or asbestos. First, you will comply with fire safety regulations. And secondly, you can avoid drying out the wood, which will come into contact with the hot pipe.

In a wooden house, use only sandwich or ceramics. A single-layer pipe is too dangerous because it gets very hot. To control combustion, provide a gate installed in the pipe.
If your wooden house is finished with siding, do not forget that it is plastic. This means it can melt. Minimum size the gap from it to the chimney is 15 centimeters. The entire passage should be protected with insulation. Remember that siding can withstand temperatures up to 50 degrees and no higher.

Look at the diagram of the passage through the flammable ceiling:

Chimney in the bath through the wall

Chimneys in a bathhouse can also be placed both inside and outside. The stove in the bathhouse is the most important equipment, therefore the chimney must be made flawlessly. Basically, external structure You can do smoke removal yourself. If you use a sandwich, there won't be much difficulty. This type of pipe will maintain the efficiency of the stove and no heat will be lost. And the amount of condensate is minimized.

For single-circuit pipes, the same rules apply - they must be carefully insulated. Although this option seems cheaper, if you heat the bathhouse in winter, then insulation can greatly increase the cost of the structure.

The external chimneys of a bathhouse are subject to the same requirements as for a home. But if the house is usually located at a distance from other buildings, then the bathhouse may be an element of a complex of outbuildings.

So keep an eye on the following:

• The distance from the chimney to other buildings should be at least one and a half meters. It is better that it is 3 m
• The pipe must be raised above the ground by 1.5 m. Higher is possible, lower is not recommended
• The number of pipe turns is not more than three. But it is better that the pipe is completely vertical
• The vertical section should be 1.5 m from the wall of the bath and the roof. No less!
• The minimum height of the chimney for a sauna stove is 5 m.

All other installation requirements completely coincide with the installation of a chimney through a wooden wall. The figure shows a diagram:

In general, installing a chimney through a wall is not difficult. The main thing is to remember the safety rules. Before you start work, complete all the calculations and think about the order of work.

Each room to which ventilation or a chimney is installed must have a separate outlet. Draft due to the difference in outside air temperatures and combustion products occurs only if the chimney on the roof ends at a height not less than that established by regulatory documents. This doesn't concern heating systems with a closed combustion chamber. A chimney in a wooden house is installed to drain away stoves and fireplaces that use solid fuel. Several stoves can be connected to one smoke channel. Often a spare chimney is installed in houses, which will be used if the owner wants to install another fireplace in the building, or they play the role of an installation shaft. Projects of houses made of timber, free designed, very often include a fireplace and smoke duct.

Chimney in a wooden house according to standards

According to standards, the chimney must be laid vertically. Although pipe inclinations of 30° to the vertical position are allowed, but with a displacement of no more than 1 m along the horizontal plane. And quality turnkey construction of wooden houses requires companies to comply with building codes when installing a chimney. The cross-section of such chimneys must be smooth and with a cross-sectional area not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the rest of the smoke channel. The distance from the grate to the mouth must be at least 5 m. The height of the chimney above the roof depends on what part of the roof it is located in. If the pipe extends onto a flat roof, at the ridge of the roof or at a distance of less than half a meter from the ridge, then it must rise no less than half a meter above the ridge ( flat roof). The height should be no less than the height of the ridge if the pipe is located at a distance of half a meter to three meters from the ridge. And, if further, not below the line emanating at an angle of 10° from the ridge.

Chimney through the wall of a wooden house

When a chimney is installed through a wall in a wooden house, it is very important to comply with all fire safety measures. To avoid fire, wooden walls isolated from the inner surface of the outlet channel. Most better insulation in this case, foam concrete can serve. Construction of economy class country houses costs less when this material is used. This is a non-combustible material, which, due to its low specific density, does not create an extra load on the structure of the building, but gains strength over time, which makes its use more rational than the use of, for example, red brick. Foam concrete is easy to cover finishing materials.
When constructing a smoke channel from a fireplace in wooden houses, two main channel designs are used. One of them is a plastic stocking, which is usually used when laying an outlet channel with strong bends. The plastic stocking heats up quickly, which means it quickly creates draft, and also cools quickly, preventing hot air from escaping through the chimney after the fireplace goes out.

Three-layer chimney structure in a wooden house

Another option used when laying a drainage channel in the outer wall of a house is a three-layer structure made of stainless steel, thermal insulation and steel pipe outside. Stainless steel pipe is often coated with a ceramic layer. Mineral wool is used as insulation. Turnkey log houses inexpensively stand for any design option.
The materials used for lining the smoke duct must fulfill two basic requirements. Firstly, they must withstand any weather conditions, endure exposure to the sun, rain, and snow. And secondly, they must be chemically resistant to combustion products. This limits the choice. Only certified materials can be used for lining chimneys. However, this allows you to build inexpensive economy class timber houses .
The place where the roof meets and the chimney must be covered with a metal collar that protects against leaks. If the roof slope is more than 45°, then it is profiled with a pyramid-shaped protrusion, which prevents precipitation from accumulating in this place of the roof.
Concrete caps are installed on all chimney exits to protect against precipitation. The cap should be 10 cm wider on each side than the chimney opening, and the top of the cap should be sloped.