How to insulate a private house from the outside. Insulating the outside of your home yourself is a few of the most effective ways. Laying mineral wool on brackets

General provisions.

The point of insulation is not only to increase comfort in the home, but also to reduce heating costs. Therefore, it is worth choosing an economically feasible method of heat preservation. Special interactive calculators make it possible to calculate the heat loss of a house before and after its insulation.

When insulating, two things should be taken into account: important rules. Firstly, it is better to place the insulation on the outside of the walls. With this scheme, the walls will accumulate heat and release it into the room when the heating is turned off. The microclimate in the rooms will not fluctuate very sharply when the weather and heating and ventilation modes change. If the insulation is located from the inside, then the walls will freeze every winter, which will lead to a decrease in the service life of the entire building.

But this rule is true for houses permanent residence, as well as to country houses, regularly visited in winter. With rare visits, you will have to warm up the entire thickness of the walls of the house, which will increase heating costs.

Secondly, it is important to design the “pie” of enclosing structures in such a way that moisture does not accumulate in it. Condensation leads to the formation of mold that is harmful to health, building construction begin to deteriorate, and the thermal properties of most insulation materials deteriorate.

We start insulation from the top

The attic floor is an outpost in the battle to keep the house warm and reduce heating costs. After all, it is known that warm air rises, and if the ceiling is cold, the cooling of the air will be intense. Signs of insufficient ceiling insulation may include thawed patches on a snow-covered roof and large icicles on the eaves on the north side of the roof. The presence of condensation on attic structures is already a clear signal of distress.

How to insulate a floor wooden beams? First you need to remove the old insulation and dry all the structures. It may be necessary to clean them of mold and treat them with bioprotective compounds. Then you need to lay a vapor barrier film. It is better to hem it below the beams, on the rough ceiling. But if this is not possible, then you can cover the ceiling with it. As a vapor barrier, you can use ordinary thick polyethylene film, but it is better to buy a special one - it is not much more expensive, but stronger and more convenient to use. The vapor barrier layer must be made airtight. For gluing film sheets, use butyl rubber adhesive tape or, in as a last resort, you can get by with metallized adhesive tape, which is somewhat cheaper. The edges of adjacent film sheets are glued together with an overlap, and the edges of the outermost ones are glued to the walls.

Now you need to lay the insulation. The choice of modern insulation materials is very large, but you can also use traditional materials. For example, the cheapest option would be dry sawdust, spread in a layer of 25-30 cm. To protect against mold and mice, they are mixed with lime.

Of the insulation materials produced by industry, the most inexpensive option is probably cellulose wool. It is made from waste paper with the addition of borax and boric acid. Thanks to these chemicals, cellulose becomes slightly flammable and resistant to rotting. Typically this insulation, also known as ecowool, is applied using blow-moulding machines. In order not to call a team of specialists for this, some craftsmen adapt garden vacuum cleaners to apply ecowool.

But the ceiling can be insulated manually. To do this, just pour the cotton wool out of the bag in small portions and fluff it up using a regular electric drill with a mixer attachment. The main thing is to stock up on a respirator, because there will be a lot of dust. For the Moscow region, the thickness of the layer of wool along the floors should be approximately 25 cm. Manufacturers of this material advise increasing the thickness of the layer along the perimeter of the attic in order to protect the upper part of the wall from freezing.

The advantage of fill-in insulation is that they can be used on floors of any design and with any distance between beams. The insulation comparable in price to cellulose is glass wool. But it is produced in rolls or mats of a certain width and requires an appropriate distance between the beams. The more expensive analogue, basalt wool, also has this drawback.

But on a flat concrete floor you can use any of the above-mentioned insulation materials. You just need to remember to put a vapor barrier under it.

Is it worth covering the insulation on top? Usually this is not necessary. In addition, open insulation dries better after accidental wetting. However, if necessary, the insulation can be covered with a superdiffusion membrane, which will allow the cotton wool to dry and protect it from accidentally spilled water and from blowing out.

Floor insulation

A wooden floor is insulated in the same way as an attic - either loose or cotton insulation. Only the vapor barrier here needs to be laid on top, on the side of the room, under the floor. From below, on the underground side, the insulated ceiling should be hemmed with a superdiffusion membrane. For such a design, it is very important that the underground is dry and well ventilated. If the vents left in the basement are not enough for this, then you need to increase the ventilation, for example, remove the pipe from the underground behind the roof. As a last resort, you can try to withdraw ventilation pipe from one of the vents and fix it on the wall at a height of two to three meters. You need to install a socket on top that will direct the air flow away from the facade.

To reduce the likelihood of moisture appearing in the underground, you need to cover the soil under the house plastic film or roofing felt.

The concrete floor of the foundation can be insulated without dismantling the floors. It is enough to glue foam plastic (usually polystyrene foam boards) 10-20 cm thick to the bottom of the ceiling. For such work, there are cement-based adhesives (they are designed for the “wet facade” system, but are quite suitable here too). Before starting work, you need to thoroughly clean and prime concrete surface ceilings

Instead of expanded polystyrene, you can use basalt wool with a density of 80 kg/m3, and reinforce the adhesive fastening with disc-shaped dowels.

Insulation of house walls

Work on external wall insulation will, willy-nilly, be associated with renovation of the facade. The insulation can be covered with a curtain wall (vinyl siding or tongue-and-groove boards) or plastered (the so-called “wet facade”). There are many subtleties in creating a “wet facade” that are difficult to take into account if you are taking on the project for the first time. So for independent work It is better to use curtain facades.

The most popular insulation for curtain walls is basalt wool. It is ideal for insulating timber houses because it does not support combustion. High-quality basalt wool can get wet and dry several times without losing its properties. But it’s still better to keep it dry - wet cotton wool conducts heat well and ceases to function as insulation.

Sometimes polystyrene foam boards are also attached under the curtain wall. But in this case, there is a risk that condensation will accumulate under them. It is better to use this insulation on walls made of sand-lime brick or concrete - materials with high thermal conductivity and low vapor permeability. The advantage of expanded polystyrene is that it is not afraid of getting wet, its fire-resistant types do not support combustion.

Ecowool is also used under hanging facades. In this case, it is applied using blowing machines using the “wet-glue method” - before application it is moistened and mixed with glue. This mass adheres to the wall and, after drying, forms a seamless “fur coat”. This method is perhaps the most reliable for insulating a log house or uneven walls made of brick.

The use of all types of cotton insulation on the facade requires a ventilated gap. The wool is covered with a superdiffusion membrane, and between the membrane and the outer sheathing you need to leave a gap of about 3 cm, which is determined by the thickness of the sheathing.

Insulating the house from the inside.

There are cases when the choice of insulation and methods of its installation is limited. For example, if you need to insulate the walls in an apartment on the ninth floor. Here you will need insulation materials that do not allow water vapor to pass through and do not accumulate moisture. The choice is small. These are foam glass blocks, extruded polystyrene foam and polyethylene foam.

Foam glass can be plastered - it will be durable and warm wall. Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) has a glossy surface and does not adhere well to the wall using cement adhesive. If the plaster on the wall is smooth, then it is better to use not cement glue, but foam adhesive (similar in composition and packaging to regular polyurethane foam). It will ensure a tighter fit of the insulation to the wall and a more deformation-resistant connection. All seams between insulation boards must be sealed using polyurethane foam. There are also special adhesives for this material.

The top of the EPS can be plastered or covered with plasterboard sheathing.

Most affordable insulation for indoor use - this is polyethylene foam and its version - foil PPE. The latter is practically indispensable for insulating walls and ceilings of temporary and technical structures ( construction cabins, unheated attics, boiler rooms), heated infrared heaters. Radiant heat is not absorbed by the walls, but is returned back into the room. In addition, foil plays the role of vapor barrier, which is especially important for wet rooms in frame and wooden buildings.

House insulation - drawings and diagrams:

Pictures – numbered from left to right

Rice. 1. OPTION FOR INSULATION OF THE ATTIC COVER:

2 - bulk insulation(along the perimeter of the ceiling the layer thickness is increased);

3 - additional insulation expanded polystyrene in the Mauerlat area;

4 - vapor barrier film on the room side;

5 - rough ceiling cladding (OSB, plywood, etc.).

Rice. 2. OPTION FOR INSULATION OF THE FOUNDATION COVER:

1 - foundation; 2 - wall; 3 - concrete floor; 4 - blind area; 5 - insulation of the basement part from the outside with extruded polystyrene foam (the insulation can be plastered); 6 - it is recommended to cover the soil surface under the house with roofing felt; 7 - mineral wool insulation is mounted to the ceiling using cement glue, the fastening is reinforced with disc dowels.

Rice. 3. OPTION OF WALL INSULATION WITH EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE UNDER A WASHED FACADE:

1 - wall made of material with low vapor permeability;

2 - the first layer of polystyrene foam is attached to the wall using cement glue and disc dowels;

4 - the second layer of polystyrene foam is inserted between the guides and fixed polyurethane foam;

5 - vinyl siding sheathing.

Rice. 4. OPTION OF WALL INSULATION WITH MINERAL WOOL UNDER A WASHED FACADE:

1 - wall made of material with high vapor permeability (wooden beams);

2 - horizontal sheathing;

3 - the first layer of basalt wool 50 mm thick (inserted between the sheathing bars);

4 - vertical sheathing;

5 - second layer of basalt wool 50 mm thick;

6 - superdiffusion membrane;

7 - sheathing slats for sheathing; 8-wood façade cladding.

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Many people face this problem: heat is not retained in a heated room; the reason for this may be the dissipation of thermal energy through the walls. How to deal with this? How to keep warm inside the house? How to insulate a house? What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside? For this purpose, the house is insulated. The most correct solution would be to insulate the walls of the room, their outer part; you can use any heat insulator for this.

It will be able to create protection for warm indoor air from external cold and will effectively maintain the necessary microclimate of the room. Also, the advantages of insulating external walls include their protection from water vapor and light radiation, which will significantly extend their service life.

What is the best way to insulate the outside walls of a house? What is the best way to insulate a house? How to insulate a stone, brick or wooden house? High-quality thermal insulation is the key to comfort and coziness of a private or country house.

How to insulate a house with your own hands? How to carry out good thermal insulation and do it in the best possible way?

There are three main types thermal insulation works in a private house:

The insulation is fixed directly to the wall using special glue or other devices. Then it is covered with construction mesh and plastered under finishing materials.
In this case, the heat insulator is also mounted on the wall of the room, but then an additional brick wall is installed on the foundation. A small air space or gap is left between the insulation and the wall. With this method, the heat insulator is not plastered.
This insulation option consists of several stage-by-stage work. First of all, the walls of the house are covered with a special waterproofing film, then the material chosen as insulation is installed, after which it is necessary to install protection from water vapor and wind. And only after that, with the help special frame from wooden beams or metal guides, materials for the external cladding of the room are installed, such as various sidings, lining, ceramic tiles and much more. This option, the so-called ventilated facade, can be used at any time of the year, since there is no need to use any solutions.

The considered options represent a general direction; in each of them there may be certain changes associated with the use of certain materials as insulation. The modern market for thermal insulation materials is quite wide and some of them may require a different installation method.

Also, the choice of heat insulator and its parameters depend on the material from which the walls of the house are made. As an example, let's look at the principles of installing insulation for wooden, brick and concrete walls.

Installation of insulation

How to insulate? Any thermal insulator has certain properties, but in any case it will be able to keep your home warm. They differ in price, in the material from which they are made and in such parameters as moisture resistance, vapor permeability and thermal conductivity. Insulation materials that are presented on the construction market: polystyrene foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam, basalt slab and cellulose insulation.

The use of one or another insulating material is related to climatic conditions, installation method and thermal conductivity coefficient. When calculating, take into account the width load-bearing wall, thermal conductivity of the insulator, internal room temperature. Then you can begin installing the insulation. How to prepare a wall for installation of insulation?

Let's look at the instructions:

First of all, it is necessary to clean the wall of old plaster and other materials, down to the material from which it is made.
After this, it is necessary to level the wall surfaces, seal cracks and holes and trim off protrusions, clean off dust and dirt, and carefully apply the primer, without missing a single centimeter of the area.

You should use a primer that has the property of deep penetration into the wall, choosing one type or another depending on the material from which the surface to be primed is made.

Installation of insulation should be done in an even layer without curving the surface, depressions and protrusions, using the tools provided for this: beacons, plumb lines, levels, corners and others. Otherwise, you may encounter problems when further plastering the wall or installing facing material, that is, applying different thicknesses of plaster material and installing additional guides. What does the beacon system look like? Screws are screwed into the upper edge of the surface, several depending on the length of the wall, onto which a thick thread with a metal plumb line at the bottom is hung.
After this, horizontal threads are installed, which connect all the vertical ones. Thus, a network is formed that will determine the level when installing insulation or a frame system. After such preparatory work You can begin installing the heat insulator.

Can be executed different materials. How to insulate the outside walls of a house? How do the materials differ from each other?

Use of expanded polystyrene

Using polystyrene foam as insulation. How to insulate a house from the outside using polystyrene foam? It is necessary to properly insulate according to the instructions.

Installation instructions for this heat-insulating product:

First, you need to install a corner along the lower edge of the wall, observing the required level— the first layer of heat insulation will be aligned with it. It is installed using a special glue; glue for ceramic tiles is also suitable.
The sheets are pressed tightly against the wall and leveled using plumb lines and a level. The second layer of material is applied after the first has completely dried, so as not to knock it off the level.

It should be noted that the sheets of each subsequent level are mounted in a brick order, that is, the seam of the lower level is located in the middle of the sheet of the next row. This is done so that the sheets of the bottom row hold the top ones.

From the second row, polystyrene foam is attached using special anchors, “umbrellas,” as they are called differently. They are driven into each of the four corners and into the center of the sheet.
Vertical and horizontal seams are taped with construction tape, which has reinforcing properties. IN window openings and at the corners of the insulation walls it is additionally secured with corners made of metal.
After the wall is completely covered with insulation, a construction mesh is mounted on it, then plaster can be applied.

Expanded polystyrene is best suited for insulating walls made of brick and concrete. This installation of insulation also has its negative sides. For example, this material has low permeability to water vapor, as a result of which condensation that will accumulate in the wall can lead to it getting wet over time.

To avoid this, before installation work After installing the insulation, the walls must be thoroughly dried. It is also important to keep them dry during use. If all this cannot be achieved, then in this case it is better to use a method of installing insulation that provides for its ventilation.

Remember that ultimately there should be no place left in which the polystyrene foam will be accessible, otherwise small rodents may damage it and also affect it environment, which will lead to damage and reduced properties.

Thermal insulation of a house can be done with your own hands using polystyrene foam.

Application of mineral wool

Many are inclined to believe that it is better to insulate walls with mineral wool. Mineral wool is another popular insulation material. How to insulate a private house using mineral wool? The installation of this insulation is similar in its technological procedures to thermal insulation made using basalt or cellulose slabs.

Installation instructions mineral wool:

At the beginning, wall preparation is always required. Let's clean the walls of old plaster and try to level the surface.
Then you should begin installing the frame. It is made from wooden beams by creating a vertical and horizontal sheathing. In this case, the width and length of the empty space should be less than the insulation sheet by about thirty millimeters - this the necessary conditions so that the mineral wool sheet fits into it easily and does not form a large gap.
To fasten the mineral wool sheets, anchor bolts are installed, onto which the material is hung. Since most often the walls remain uneven, it is better to use mineral wool consisting of two layers. In this case, the softer layer is installed directly on the wall; thanks to its structure, the most excellent connection of the sheets with the insulated surface occurs.

Some versions of mineral wool can be coated with plaster after installing the construction mesh or a special vapor-permeable insulating film can be installed. Then you need to strengthen it and the heat insulator with additional wooden beams, after which it is installed facing material. Lining, various sidings, tiles and facing bricks are suitable.

This type of house insulation, three-layer ventilated, has proven itself in all climate zones. It is especially suitable for walls made of wood, as it allows the product to breathe and not become damp.

Use of polyurethane foam

How to properly insulate a house using polyurethane foam? When installing this insulation, you must adhere to the same frame structure, as with insulation with mineral wool and installation of wind protection. In this case, polyurethane foam is foamed onto the wall in a space free from the frame under the film, forming a very strong connection, thanks to this, an excellent result in maintaining heat indoors is achieved.

But there is one drawback - when using this type of insulation, when installed on vertical walls, it is difficult to form a layer of the same thickness, so it is most often used on horizontal surfaces such as ceilings or roof slopes standing at a slight angle. Insulating walls with polyurethane is not difficult. It is necessary to insulate a house (budinka) using additional products.

Application of basalt slabs

Insulation of the walls of a house from the outside can be carried out using basalt slabs. When installing this heat-insulating product, it is necessary to additionally apply a vapor barrier film.

Laying this protective film carried out on bars that have a horizontal position, and between the rafters. Then it is necessary to seal the resulting joints. Sealing is done using specially designed tape. The layer should be 200 millimeters. Next, a layer of wind protection is laid, and a covering of lathing is made using beams. This is done in order to provide ventilation.

Before starting insulation external walls With this material, it is necessary to make a covering of laths - this differs from the thermal insulation of the internal walls of the building. A gap must be left to ensure ventilation. The basalt slabs are attached using self-tapping screws. The final stage of installation includes finishing the surface with siding or some other coating.

To insulate external walls with basalt slabs, you must strictly follow the rules. Insulation of a private house is often carried out using basalt slabs.

Use of cellulose

How to insulate walls using cellulose? Cellulose can be installed using three methods: mechanical, dry, wet.

The first mounting method involves the use of specially designed equipment. Insulating external walls with your own hands mechanically is quite expensive. Mechanical method It has high performance. This method gives the walls the opportunity to “breathe”. Therefore, there is no need to apply a vapor barrier layer.

The dry installation method is used only for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces. How are external walls insulated using this method? The insulation product is applied to the walls manually without the use of special equipment. First, the cellulose must be fluffed, this is done using a drill.

Then it must be poured out of the container onto the surface. Next, it is compacted. If, after all, the insulation needs to be applied to a vertical surface, then the work will take place in two stages. First you need to build a wall from the frame, the height of which should be 50 centimeters. Then you need to pour in the thermal insulation product and compact it. This is how other parts of the walls are also insulated.

Wet method - it is used for thermal insulation of vertical structures. First, the cellulose must be moistened with water. Thanks to this procedure, the cellulose will set without problems.

All insulation methods can be used to insulate a private house from the outside. Or it will be insulation of a country house.

What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside? There are various materials for insulating walls outside. Each thermal insulation material has its own advantages and disadvantages. The main thing is that it is cheap, inexpensive, but of high quality. Use the material for insulating the outside of your home that has high technical characteristics.

We hope the description of each of them will help you do right choice. External wall insulation is an important element in achieving overall comfort. You can insulate a house from the outside with your own hands without any help. You will achieve maximum comfort and coziness in your home.

The Russian climate situation, perhaps, is not so different from the situation in other northern countries. But people living in private housing have no time for abstract encyclopedic research. They need high-quality insulation for their homes so as not to suffer from the cold and not lose too much money when buying fuel for stoves or paying for electric heating.

Pros and cons of external insulation

First of all, you need to figure out whether it is really necessary, this is the most facade insulation. It always has at least one positive side, which is that the entire thickness of the wall is insulated. Eliminating the heating of its individual parts initially solves the problem with the formation of condensation inside, with “crying” surfaces in the house. Engineers claim (and reviews confirm their assessment) that insulating buildings from the outside allows you to leave the interior space untouched. It will not be spent on very thick and not always beautiful-looking structures.

Before you rejoice and look for SNiP suitable for a particular home, you should pay attention to the potential disadvantages. Obviously, it will not be possible to carry out such work in any weather: rain and wind, and sometimes cold, do not allow it to be done efficiently. The total cost of such finishing turns out to be very high; for many people such expenses are unaffordable. The harshness of external conditions limits the choice of insulating materials or forces the creation of protective structures. And besides, if the house is divided into two halves, there is no point in insulating only one of them from the outside; heat loss will only decrease slightly.

Methods

So, insulating the outside walls of a private house has many more advantages than disadvantages. But it is important to understand the features individual materials and designs.

Houses made of expanded clay concrete blocks are insulated from the outside most often using:

mineral wool;
polystyrene foam;
its more modern analogue is penoplex.

The first option is preferable due to zero fire hazard and low cost. But the problem is that affordable price is largely negated by the need to organize protective screen. Polystyrene foam is lightweight, also belongs to the budget group of materials, and it can be installed quickly.

At the same time, we must not forget about the danger of damage to the insulating layer by rodents and fire risks. Penoplex is environmentally friendly; mice and rats will not be happy with it. Disadvantages - considerable high cost and lack of microventilation.

Quite often people are faced with the problem of insulating the external facades of old panel houses. The main condition for high-quality thermal protection is its design in which the permeability to vapor increases from the living space to the street. There's no need to take off outer skin dwellings, a number of technologies have been developed that make it possible to install thermal insulation on top of it.

When choosing suitable option You should give preference to solutions that do not overload the foundation and absorb the least amount of water. It is the significant heaviness and the presence of the dew point inside the hygroscopic thermal protection that cause the most problems for the owners of panel buildings.

Insulation of country houses for winter accommodation very relevant.

It is imperative to provide thermal protection:

internal floors on the ground;
floors of the first tier (if the foundation is not insulated);
external walls;
cold attic floor or attic roof.

It makes no sense to single out any one of these elements, even something as important as walls. If at least one area is not insulated, all other work can be considered wasted, as well as the money spent on it. The walls must be equipped with waterproofing and vapor barrier; when choosing mineral or environmental wool for insulation, it is necessary to leave a ventilated gap of 50-100 mm. The insulation of a panel house from the outside has its own specifics. The slightest irregularities should be removed, and ideally, leveling should be done using a primer.

If paint is cracking or other finishes are falling off, all these layers are removed., even if the technology does not require such manipulation. In most cases for external thermal protection concrete walls foam is used, and the most reliable way to attach it is to connect glue and dowels. The work is carried out from the bottom up; a special bar is installed at the lowest point, designed to prevent the material from slipping. Please note: it is possible to replace dowels with plastic nails. Regardless of fastening methods, it is necessary to carefully monitor any gaps that appear.

The insulation of the junction of the wall and the roof deserves a separate discussion. This work is done traditionally using stone wool, but amateurs can modern technologies It’s better to focus on Macroflex foam. In many cases, a steel bonding apron is formed. Is he needed in specific house, on a certain wall - only trained specialists can find out. The insulation of junctions is too complicated to be done properly by the owners of the house themselves or by randomly found freelance craftsmen.

Types of materials

External insulation of the walls of private houses can be done by the most various materials. It will not work to use sawdust for this purpose, because such protection is always bulk. Strictly speaking, the layer of sawdust is placed inside the wall and should be quite thick. Mostly, owners of frame and bulk buildings resort to such a solution. But it should be considered as a last resort: even wood waste supplemented with lime is too susceptible to caking and getting wet.

For the construction of private houses, many prefer to use foam concrete or aerated concrete; these two materials are stronger than wood. However, they need to be insulated according to a special scheme. Preferred solutions are polyurethane foam and mineral wool. The second material is the cheapest and is not subject to ignition; it is easy to work with. Extraneous sounds are dampened in the cotton layer, and they will bother residents less.

Some developers use sawdust concrete; it is excellent for saving heat in frame houses. To make this material with your own hands, you can use large sawdust and calibration shavings obtained on woodworking machines. An essential component of the mixture is liquid glass. Passing reinforcement structures through the walls will help to avoid the mixture separating into individual components. It is recommended to immediately drill holes for them.

Perlite is used not so much outside, but as part of multi-layer walls. A prerequisite for the reliable service of this material is vapor barrier inside and high-quality waterproofing outside. To reduce the risk of water saturation and loss of thermal qualities, perlite is usually mixed in equal proportions with cement and expanded clay. If you need insulation that has truly outstanding characteristics, it is difficult to find something more practical than basalt wool. Since it is impossible to work on the facade in its pure form, you will have to buy special slabs.

Like other cotton coverings, this solution increases not only thermal insulation, but also sound insulation. This circumstance is very important for private houses located near highways, railways, airports and industrial buildings. Please note that not every adhesive is suitable for attaching such boards to a wood base. Installation can be carried out using wet or dry methods. In the second case, it is necessary to purchase dowels with extended caps.

To decorate the facade of a private house, it is permissible to use only basalt slabs with a specific gravity of at least 90 kg per 1 cubic meter. m. Reeds are sometimes used as additional heat protection; anyone can prepare the necessary raw materials and prepare them for work. The stems will have to be laid as tightly as possible so that there are as few loopholes for cold air between them as possible. The problem of fire hazard is solved by impregnation with a fire retardant or bischofite; these substances increase the fire resistance of the reed mass to level G1 (spontaneous extinguishing when heating stops).

Polyurethane foam

If there is a special desire to use natural materials no, you can safely use polyurethane foam panels. The advantage of this solution is the combination of thermal and acoustic protection of the living space. Polyurethane foam does not allow water to pass through, and therefore there is no need for a layer of additional waterproofing, resulting in cost savings. Polyurethane foam easily adheres to the base material and therefore working with it is quite simple. It should also be taken into account weak sides– high cost of the coating, its instability under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

Siding

In some cases, the pie, completed on the outside with siding, also becomes an insulating structure. Metal itself, no matter how beautiful it looks, transmits a lot of heat. And even vinyl structures are not much better in this regard. Extruded polystyrene foam is often used for underlayment under steel or vinyl, but when choosing it, consider its high flammability. Also, EPS and polystyrene foam sometimes cannot effectively dampen extraneous sounds.

Light insulation under the siding is provided roll materials , including polyethylene foam with an outer foil coating. Foam concrete and aerated concrete insulation allows you to avoid interest from gnawing animals and guarantee complete thermal protection. When using expanded polystyrene, first you need to cut the sheets according to the exact dimensions. Provided that the sheathing is planned specifically for specific sheets, the number of cut parts will be minimal. If mineral wool is installed, it is recommended to leave it unrolled for 60-90 minutes before cutting or filling the frame, then the result will be better and more stable.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is good because it does not interfere with ventilation in the room through the walls.

It is also capable of covering uneven terrain on:

tree;
brick;
stone

In this regard, subsequent finishing is simplified, and the rough surface becomes as smooth as possible. When working on the outside of walls, unlike internal thermal insulation, the problem of formaldehyde release completely disappears. Important: if relative humidity air exceeds 85%, placing mineral wool in any form is unacceptable.

Fastening is usually done using anchors, and a brick wall is placed on top of them. When insulating a house that is already in use, you should not leave it inside the walls. metal constructions, they can rust very quickly.

Plaster

As a result, the total thickness of the wall and the load it exerts on the foundation are noticeably reduced. To improve the thermal properties of a house, the most common dry mixture is suitable, to which perlite sand, pumice chips and other fine fillers are added.

Styrofoam

The use of foam structures is excellent for providing thermal protection to buildings. This insulation functions calmly at temperatures from -50 to +75 degrees. Among different options materials, you should pay attention to those that are impregnated with fire-resistant additives and filled with fireproof carbon dioxide. Bacteria and fungal organisms do not like foam plastic very much and practically do not settle in it. Cracked areas of walls and holes will first have to be covered to get a decent result.

The range of insulation materials, of course, does not end with the listed materials. Quite a lot of people use polyurethane foam, which is no worse than ready-made PPU panels. Excellent adhesion helps the liquid to immediately penetrate the surface and last reliably for many years. Cylinders are usually used for domestic purposes low pressure: the quality of the reagent is no worse than in professional equipment, the only difference is that its output is slower. It should be noted that this technology cannot completely eliminate the appearance of air bubbles in the foam layer, and a wall made of low-quality material is sometimes damaged by pressure.

Arbolite is used not only for the construction of houses, but also to improve the thermal qualities of already erected structures. This building material is made almost entirely from natural wood, which improves the thermal protection of stone and brick buildings. But it is important to understand that it itself is easily blown and wet, and almost instantly becomes penetrated by bridges of cold.

If the thickness of the wood concrete wall is 0.3 m or more, and the masonry is done correctly, there will be no special need for additional protection from the cold in the regions of central Russia. Insulation of wood concrete is required in the regions of the Far North (over the entire surface). The points where the heat loss to the outside is most intense should be insulated in any area.

Among natural materials, clay is often used for external thermal protection of walls (it is used both on its own and in mixtures with straw or sawdust). The undoubted advantages of this solution are the low price and the absence of the risk of fire. Many people are also attracted by the simplicity of the workflow.

Important: inattention to the proportions of the component mixtures can lead to a rapid loss of their valuable properties and to the delamination of the prepared thermal insulation. In order for the clay mass to stick to the surface of the wall, you will have to install structures made of boards and durable cardboard.

Good results can be achieved with felt insulation. It is especially recommended for heat protection wooden houses. Laying can be carried out in several layers at once, which improves the quality of insulation; the affordable price allows you not to worry about excessive costs in this case.

Please note: before ordering the material, you should check with professionals whether felt insulation is suitable for a certain climate zone.

Like cotton wool insulation, it dampens sounds coming from outside, but you also need to keep in mind possible problems:

insufficient efficiency in large dwellings and multi-storey buildings;
unsuitability for insulation of stone and brick structures;
relatively large thickness of the insulation created;
the need for careful alignment of the styling (every small fold is very harmful).

An alternative to natural materials is wall insulation with isolon. This insulation effectively reflects radiant infrared energy and, based on a number of special tests, has been recognized as a comfortable, safe product. It is very widely used in both private and apartment buildings. Izolon is sold in rolls large format, therefore it is especially important to properly calculate the need for it. In general, approaches to calculating the need for insulation materials deserve special attention.

Calculation of material thickness

Calculation required thickness Penofol mats must be produced in accordance with the standards set out in SNiP 2.04.14. This document, approved in 1988, is very difficult to understand and is best left to professionals to work with. Non-specialists can roughly estimate the required parameters using both online calculators and installed software. The first option is the simplest, but not always correct; It is difficult to take into account all the necessary nuances. The width of penofol sheets is always standard - 200 mm.

You should not strive to buy the thickest possible material; sometimes it will be more profitable to vary the desired number of foil layers. The double aluminum block has the highest thermal and acoustic qualities. Optimal results (judging by operating experience) are obtained by penofol with a thickness of 5 mm. And if the goal is to achieve the highest thermal protection and sound insulation without skimping on costs, you should choose a centimeter design. A layer of foam foil of 4-5 mm is enough to provide the same protection as when using 80-85 mm of mineral wool, while the foil material does not absorb water.

Preparing the walls

Forming wood sheathing units is simpler and easier than processing walls made of other materials. In this case, the design of the layout of the material must take into account the basic properties of wood: its high permeability to steam and the likelihood of fungal infection. The frame can be formed from wooden beam or aluminum profile. Special attachment points for heat-insulating material and sheathing for the front finish should be provided. Roll insulation is attached to timber walls using slats.

A two-layer thermal insulation coating must be mounted on a double sheathing(simple or supplemented with brackets). Get wooden frame possible using electric jigsaw(if you choose the right blade), but it is recommended to cut aluminum structures with metal scissors. You should not try to speed up the process by using an angle grinder; it damages the anti-corrosion layer and reduces the shelf life of the thermal insulation. Screwing screws, bolts and self-tapping screws into wooden walls This is best done with a screwdriver with a set of attachments. Battery version of the device fits better everything, because then there will be no wire interfering forever.

It is advisable to adjust wooden parts and drive in disc-shaped dowels with a hammer or rubber mallet. If you need to install membrane films, the best solution is the use of a stapler with a set of staples. When preparing the sheathing, each part of it is checked according to construction level: Even minor deviations, imperceptible to the eye, often lead to improper operation of the insulation. Of course, even before installation begins, wooden walls must be impregnated with several layers of antiseptic composition. Using a spray gun will help speed up this impregnation.

Installation stages

Helpful to consider step by step instructions on how to insulate the external walls of gas silicate houses with your own hands. A prerequisite for the normal operation of most of these buildings is the installation of insulating material and protection from external moisture. If the blocks are decorated with bricks, everything protective materials are laid out in the space between it and the gas silicate. Masonry 40-50 cm thick middle lane Russia, as a rule, does not require additional thermal insulation. But if structures 30 cm or thinner are used, this work becomes mandatory.

It is recommended not to use cement mortars, they form insufficiently dense seams, which allow abundant heat to pass into the outside world and frost into the building. It is much more correct to mount the blocks themselves using special glue, which guarantees the tightest possible fit. At the same time, it reduces the likelihood of cold bridges forming.

When choosing which technology to insulate a gas silicate house, you should pay attention to:

number of floors in it;
use of windows and glazing method;
carrying out engineering communications;
other structural and architectural details.

When insulating gas silicate, most professionals give preference to slab structures based on stone wool or EPS. In third place in popularity are façade insulation systems based on plaster. Polystyrene foam and traditional mineral wool rolls are outsiders: there are no special advantages over the leaders, but there are additional difficulties. From the latest developments It is worth paying attention to thermal panels, which are distinguished not only by excellent thermal protection, but also by a decent aesthetic appearance.

If any type of mineral wool is chosen for work, you will need:

attach the vertical sheathing;
lay waterproofing and vapor barrier (separate or combined in one material);
mount the cotton wool itself and let it stand;

put a second level of insulation from moisture and steam;
install a reinforcing mesh;
apply primer and finishing material;
paint the surface (if necessary).

Installation of cotton slabs is carried out only with the adhesives indicated on the packaging. It is permissible to decorate the walls above the insulation not with paint, but with siding. It is recommended to choose the densest types of cotton wool to avoid premature caking and slipping. When installing guides, they are mounted 10-15 mm closer to each other than the width of a single slab. This will allow you to fill the frame as tightly as possible and eliminate the slightest cracks.

Expanded polystyrene is even better suited for insulating houses from the outside than mineral wool. But its increased thermal insulation is depreciated by low mechanical strength. If significant loads are obviously applied to the wall, it is better to abandon such a solution. Filling the seams between the plates is permissible only with polyurethane foam. External cladding siding or application facade plaster will prevent the harmful effects of weather elements and ultraviolet radiation.

External thermal insulation of a basement in a private house should be made only with materials that are as resistant to moisture as possible. After all, even the most reliable protective layers can be damaged, and this problem, for obvious reasons, cannot be eliminated quickly and easily.

The basic requirements are:

carry out all work only in the dry season and in warm weather;
be sure to remove the soil around the foundation of the house;
apply moisture-resistant mastic in a continuous layer;

install insulation 50 cm above the top line of the foundation;
treat the insulating layer remaining underground with an additional waterproofing coating;
arrange drainage;
decorate the base with decorative structures and materials

Professionals insulate houses made of reinforced concrete slabs as carefully as possible. This material not only transmits a lot of heat on its own, but is also designed in such a way that thermal efficiency is significantly reduced. Developers strive to make reinforced concrete products light and compact by construction standards, so it is recommended to take into account information from the accompanying documentation.

A common mistake is to use the cheapest grades of foam; they are too short-lived and do not provide high-quality insulation even for their service life. Note: before insulation basements It is recommended to first ensure their high-quality ventilation in full.

Insulation with foil is a fairly new and practical solution that combines three valuable properties:

curbing heat flow;
blocking the wetting of the insulating layer and its substrate;
dampening external sounds.

Modern options foil materials make it possible to simultaneously insulate a wall, partitions in a house, pipelines, and even auxiliary buildings. Mineral wool, covered with foil on one side, is recommended for use primarily in non-residential premises. Regardless of the type of material, it is attached in such a way that the reflector “looks” into the building.

From exterior finishing It is necessary to leave a gap of 20 mm to the insulating layer in order to enhance the thermal insulation with an air gap. On the first floors, it is necessary to insulate not only the walls, but also the floor.

Industrial waste has become quite widespread in the thermal protection of private homes; many people use metallurgical slag for this purpose. Nickel and copper smelting wastes are in greater demand than others, since they are chemically stable, and their tensile strength starts from 120 MPa. Using slags with a specific gravity of less than 1000 kg per 1 cubic meter. m, you need to create a heat-protective layer of 0.3 m. Most often, blast furnace waste is used to insulate floors, not walls.

Sometimes you can hear statements about cardboard insulation. Theoretically, this is possible, but in practice there are a lot of problems and difficulties with this. The only relevant necessary requirements option - corrugated cardboard, having air gaps that retain heat.

The paper itself, even if very thick, only protects from the wind. Corrugated material should be laid in several layers with mandatory gluing of the joints. The fewer connections between individual layers, the better.

The most the best varieties cardboard:

hygroscopic;
when wet they smell very bad;
conduct too much heat compared to other options.

It is much better to use craft paper: it is also thin, but much stronger than a cardboard sheet. Such a coating effectively protects the main insulation from the wind (in most cases, mineral wool is located below). In terms of thermal protection parameters, kraft paper is identical to natural wood, and it also allows steam to pass through well.

The advantages of insulation with ecological wool are evidenced by the fact that products for it are produced on an industrial scale and even at different technologies. The dry method of applying cellulose involves pouring granules into designated niches. It is important to consider that ecowool is produced in the form of a small fraction and can generate dust. A number of reagents contained in this insulation can provoke local allergic reactions. Therefore, all work is carried out using rubber or fabric gloves and respirators (gas masks), and a layer of environmental wool is surrounded by a barrier made of kraft paper (it cannot be replaced with cardboard!).

To learn how to insulate the outside walls of a house with your own hands, see the following video.

To improve the heat-saving characteristics and increase the durability of a house made of wood, brick or foam concrete, external insulation is often done using the principle of a curtain wall or using “wet” technology. In this article we will figure out how to carry out external insulation of a house and what thermal insulation materials are best used for this.

Review of insulation materials

Mineral wool

Mineral (stone or glass) wool is the most versatile insulation material, which is produced with various densities. For internal insulation a less dense version of the heat insulator is used; for external installations, a denser one is used, which is able to withstand various negative influences. In general, mineral wool differs from other types of insulation in its high thermal insulation ability, durability, non-flammability, and mechanical strength. Its disadvantages are poor resistance to moisture and fairly high cost.

Ecowool

Ecowool is an environmentally friendly type of insulation with low thermal conductivity, just like mineral wool insulation. Ecowool is made from recycled cellulose raw materials and impregnated with special compounds that prevent fire and rotting of the material. The only disadvantage of ecowool is that it is complicated technological process application by spraying, however, this method allows you to evenly fill all the cracks and structural protrusions of the facades, reliably protecting the building from the penetration of cold and moisture into the interior.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is one of the most popular polymer types of insulation, characterized by durability, almost zero water absorption, excellent heat-saving properties, and ease of installation. Most types polystyrene foam boards impregnated with fire retardant compounds, thus improving its fire resistance. Unlike insulation made from natural components, polystyrene and other types of polymer heat insulators are not susceptible to damage by microorganisms: mold, mildew and moss.

Styrofoam

Polystyrene foam is an insulation material with a fairly high heat-insulating ability, light in weight and easy to install, moisture-resistant and inexpensive. The disadvantages of polystyrene foam include its airtightness, low resistance to mechanical damage and toxicity when ignited. In addition, polystyrene foam has low durability; it is destroyed by elevated temperatures and upon contact with chemically aggressive substances that are part of some paints and varnishes.

Which material to choose

But, along with excellent heat-saving properties, insulation materials of natural origin have increased hygroscopicity - they quickly absorb moisture, retain it in their thickness, and when frost sets in, they freeze and lose their ability to shield the cold.

In order to protect the insulating layer made of natural materials, it is recommended to use vapor barrier and waterproofing membranes, which screen out moisture and do not interfere with the ventilation of the walls.

Unlike mineral wool and other types of insulation made from natural raw materials, thermal insulation made from foamed polymers practically does not absorb moisture and lasts quite a long time. If the installation of stone or glass wool involves certain difficulties and requires compliance with safety standards, then the installation of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam can be quickly and easily done independently. Wherein thermal insulation properties These materials are slightly worse than mineral wool.

Features of insulating the walls of a house outside

Insulation of walls from the outside is mainly carried out using curtain facade technology, leaving a ventilation gap between the insulating layer and finishing cladding- this way the walls of the house are ventilated more effectively.

Stages of insulating a house from the outside when installing a curtain wall:

Cleaning and drying, treating walls with antiseptic compounds.
Installation of vapor barrier film with sealing of panel joints with mounting tape.
Installation of a frame for installation of insulation and external cladding.
Laying insulation, fixing with disc dowels.
Installation of a waterproofing, windproof multifunctional membrane.
Consolidation facade finishing on a frame using clamps.

Insulation of house facades can also be done using “wet” technology - glue a layer of heat insulation to the outer walls and apply a layer decorative paint or plaster.

You can provide your home with warmth in the winter season and keep it cool in the summer, while significantly saving energy resources, by insulating the facade from the outside. The materials used for insulation must be such that they do not carry additional load on the foundation. How to insulate a house from the outside and with what? What insulation should I use for walls made of this or that material? We offer examples for your reference. various technologies and recommendations on how to insulate private houses from the outside.

How to insulate a house from the outside and with what? Types of thermal insulation materials and their properties

When answering the question of what is the best way to insulate the walls of a house from the outside, you should familiarize yourself with the types and characteristics of insulation materials. The main criteria when choosing thermal insulation materials are thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor permeability. Let's find out how you can insulate the outside of houses using current types of thermal insulation.

Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene (foam) is a material consisting of air bubbles placed inside foamed polystyrene. Available in the form of slabs of varying densities. It has good insulating and moisture-resistant qualities, but is vulnerable to sun rays, highly flammable, emits when burned harmful substances. When directly interacting with liquid, it picks up moisture.