Installation of chimney pipes in a wooden house. Installation, installation of a chimney in a wooden house. For gas boilers

Proper installation of the chimney is the key to a long and safe work heating system both in the house and in the bath. It is possible to make it with your own hands, but if there is even the slightest doubt in your abilities, it is better to entrust this task to professionals. They will make calculations, help you choose best view chimney, mount a gas exhaust and ventilation system, and the owner of the house will only have to independently carry out the revision and cleaning of the chimney.

Having built a wooden house, many homeowners use stoves to heat their homes. Any furnace provides for the presence of a chimney, which is designed to remove combustion products. In addition, in the chimneys arrange ventilation ducts necessary to maintain the desired air balance in the house. If the chimney is built correctly, then it does not bring problems to the residents of the house. If mistakes were made during the construction process, then this is immediately noticeable. It is important that the cause of a fire in a wooden house is most often the incorrect installation of the chimney. Chimneys are distinguished by material and design, it depends on the type of heating equipment. Chimneys can be made of brick, ceramic pipes, black and stainless steel. Each material has its pros and cons, for example, more soot accumulates in brick chimneys than in metal ones. And black steel chimneys are the cheapest in price, but at the same time the most unreliable in terms of fire safety. This type of chimney can be used for infrequent use.

Choosing the location of the chimney.

Chimneys must be constructed, strictly adhering to regulatory documents. On them, the pipe must exit strictly vertically, a deviation of up to 30 degrees is possible. It is believed that the longer the pipe, the better the thrust, but at the same time efficiency is lost. Therefore, it is necessary to strike a balance between traction and heat transfer. The recommended pipe height is at least 5 meters. When removing the chimney from the roof, the following rules must be observed:

• the height of the chimney relative to a flat roof or ridge must be at least 50 cm.
• the chimney should be located at a distance from the ridge, not closer than 1.5 m.
• if the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 - 3 meters from the ridge, then its height can be equal to the height of the ridge.
• if the chimney is located at a distance of more than 3 meters from the ridge, then the chimney should not be located below the line that is drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon.

When removing a chimney in a wooden house Special attention should be given to passing the pipe through wooden floors. These places must be protected with steel sheets or non-combustible thermal insulation. It will be very good if a ceiling passage unit is installed in this place. When removing the chimney, special attention should be paid to the cutting device. It should be remembered that wooden houses shrink, which violates the integrity of the cuts and can lead to a decrease in fire gaps.

It is important to pay attention to the wall next to which the chimney passes. If the distance between the chimney and the wall is less than 0.6 m, then part of the wall can be replaced with foam concrete - a non-combustible material, from above foam concrete block close decorative trim. Or wooden surface treat with flame retardants.

If there is a fireplace in a wooden house, then the best option for a chimney device is the “sandwich” design. This design consists of two pipes inserted one into the other and separated by a heat-insulating layer. thermal insulation material most often performed mineral wool. This design is used when installing chimney channels according to outer wall Houses.

Chimney care.

In order for the chimney to work properly and not cause a fire, a number of rules must be followed. Be sure to monitor the integrity of the heating equipment and chimney. Cracks, holes, any violations of tightness must be urgently corrected. The cause of the fire can also be the accumulation of soot in the chimney. Therefore, cleaning the chimney is not only a preventive measure to improve draft, but also a fire prevention measure.

Installing a chimney in a wooden house is a rather complicated and responsible process that requires certain skills and attention from a specialist. After all, the wood from which the walls of the building are made begins to char at 200 degrees, while stable combustion of firewood in the firebox starts at 300 degrees.

To do this, it is important to follow all the rules for installing a chimney in a wooden house in order to protect your property from fire, and also not to get carbon monoxide poisoning.

Prerequisites for choosing a chimney

For many millennia, people have lived in wooden houses and conveniently use various stoves, fireplaces and hearths. Of course, considerable experience has been accumulated during this period, which this moment reflected in the construction and installation regulations. Of course, the installation of a chimney in a building of this type is also regulated by documents taken as a basis by the relevant state institutions.

IN guidance document SNiP 41-01-2003 concerning heating, ventilation and air conditioning, contains the main information that is taken into account by the controlling authorities. It states that it is forbidden to place flammable components at a distance closer than 130 mm from concrete or brick pipes. As for ceramic pipes, they must be removed to an even greater distance - 250 mm.

Since wood is considered one of the most flammable materials, and many heaters are also subject to rapid flashing, it is important to provide for the detachment of these elements from the chimney itself.

Brick chimney

Even due to the fact that more and more new materials for arranging chimneys are constantly appearing on the market, brick still remains one of the most popular types. When arranging brick chimney it will be useful to know the following:

1. The masonry must be supported by a tie-down, inside the building on a cement-limestone or all-limestone mortar, and above the roof a cement mortar is used.
2. According to the rules that govern oven work, the chimney must be made of solid red brick with a seam of no more than 10 mm. Not allowed to carry out plastering work on the inner surface of the pipe.
3. The heavy weight of the chimney must be supported by a suitable foundation.
4. Exposure to acid condensate destroys brickwork, fragments of which can get inside and reduce the cross section of the channel.
5. in mind uneven surface brick inside the structure, a layer of soot settles.

To reduce some of the negative impacts, experts recommend pouring concrete into the space between the asbestos-cement pipe and the brick. This method is called sleeve.

Overlapping between floors

There is an option for the chimney to pass through a wooden ceiling. It can be divided into types with and without two-layer asbestos. In the first case, the distance between the pipe and wooden beam will be equal to the length of one brick, namely - 250 mm. Another option assumes a distance from the chimney to the floor beam of at least 380 mm.

Wall

Wall wooden house must be completely removed from the chimney for at least 25 cm, including the distance from the "smoke" to the tree. In the event that asbestos is not used as an insulating layer, then this figure increases to 38 cm.

For new log cabins, it is advantageous to use a plank shield mounted on the wall using a sliding fit method, as this compensates for the draft of the log house. For air circulation in the chimney, holes are made in the side walls at the top and bottom. Indented wooden floors are covered with one layer of brick or some other fireproof type of material.

How to bring the chimney through the roof? The following rules will help you:

• It is important to observe the distance between the surface of the pipe from the outside and wooden rafters. The minimum value must be at least 130 mm.
• This gap is fixed with stone wool.
• If you plan to use combustible materials for arranging the roof, then you need to increase the distance to 260 mm.
• In those places where the chimney is in direct contact with the roof, fireproof materials must be used. You can slate, however, the best option is roofing steel. In this case, the distance must be at least 500 mm between these elements.

Pipe height above roof covering

This parameter can be calculated as follows:

1) No less 500 mm in the presence of flat roof or the location of the chimney near the ridge.
2) Not less than 500 mm above the ridge, if the pipe axis exit distance is less 1.5 m from a ridge or parapet.
3) Not lower than the roof ridge in case of exit of the axis o t 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge.
4) Not lower than the represented line, which can be drawn from the ridge to the horizon at an angle of 10 degrees, if the chimney exits with an axis of more than 3 m from the ridge.

Chimneys of ceramic type

IN Lately The popularity of ceramic chimneys for installation in a wooden house has increased significantly. This may be due to the fact that:

• This modular system completely factory ready for assembly
• The ceramics used have high heat resistance, acid resistance and durability.
• In view of the smoothness of the material inside the structure, it does not accumulate a large number of soot, as, for example, in brick chimneys.
• They require a solid foundation, due to their considerable weight.

Metal chimneys

It is impossible not to note the stable demand for chimneys made of sandwich pipes.

1. They are easy and simple to install
2. Due to its lightness, no additional foundation is required
3. Thermal insulation is provided by filling with basalt wool during installation
4. The thrust airflow circulates continuously and is not disturbed over time due to the smoothness internal walls chimney. It also controls soot deposition.
5. High-quality stainless steel, which is used for the internal channel, ensures the safety and durability of the system.

When choosing a chimney, do not forget about the possible flue gas temperatures. To do this, it is worth choosing a material based on the thickness of the inner wall of the pipe. This indicator is:

• From 0.5 mm for diesel, gas and pellet boilers.
• 0.8 to 1.0 mm for sauna stoves and fireplaces, as well as conventional stoves.
• From 1.0 mm for coal-fired boilers.

The thermal insulation layer that is used for stoves, fireplaces and coal-fired boilers must have a thickness of up to 100 mm. If it comes to automated boilers, then this figure can be halved.

overlap

As already mentioned, one of the unsurpassed amenities is the availability and selection of already finished elements for your chimney. If one supplier cannot supply you the right details, you can quickly find another who is ready to offer you a whole set.

1. When solving the problem of interfloor overlapping, you can use the factory cutting.
2. It may have the name attic or interfloor.
3. The inner diameter of the sandwich pipe must be commensurate with the outer diameter.
4. A square-shaped hole is cut, which fits the corresponding part of the cut. If desired, you can make it with a margin in order to wrap the metal with an additional layer of non-combustible basalt.
5. Further, the chimney is passed directly through the resulting hole.
6. On final stage the space is filled with basalt wool.

Particular attention should be paid to the joints of the chimney pipes. It is important that they do not fall into the ceiling and remain outside the structure.

Roof installation

This process can be compared to solving the overlap problem. Finished roof trim is widely used in this case. It comes in various sizes and angles.

1. Do not forget that the passage node is much more complicated than that of the floor passage.
2. On each side, the distance from the pipe to the tree should be at least 250 mm. From above, the hole and the chimney are closed with a roof that protects it from external influences.
3. Above the roof, a comfrey is put on the chimney pipe, which is clamped for tightness with a clamp. It protects the structure from precipitation.
4. The gap between the rafters and the chimney is filled with non-combustible mineral wool, and then closed from the bottom side with a metal reflector.

Chimney in the wall

In many cases, sandwich chimneys are installed outside the house and lead out along outer wall. This has its advantages, such as the absence of the need for complex passages through the roof and floors. It also reduces the risk of fire. With this arrangement of the chimney, a horizontal passage is added through a vertical wall.

Considering such a design from the point of view of thermal insulation, we can say that such a node does not differ from the interfloor one in terms of its parameters. The difficulty is that over time log wall able to shrink, so it is necessary to make an additional fit of the cut. It is worth remembering safety measures, especially when installing a chimney in a bath. In this case, for wood and coal boilers, as well as wood stoves and fireplaces, a spark arrestor is installed.

The number of private houses that appeared in our country for last years, is getting bigger and bigger. Everyone strives either to completely leave the cramped box, or to provide themselves with the opportunity to relax outside the city at least on weekends. The construction, one way or another, is experienced by any private trader who has his own plot. If not building a house or a bath from scratch, then repair and reconstruction.
Every home needs heating. Types of heating devices vary greatly from area to area. Somewhere gas is available, and then boilers are used. Somewhere civilization has not reached, so the stove is heated with firewood. But in any case, a chimney is needed. Any heating of a private house that is not connected to a common boiler room is a combustion process. And if something burns, then a lot of combustion products are released.

Chimney through the wall of the house

We are used to classic version chimney installation - through the roof. But recently, another way has become more and more common - through the wall. When the house has already been built, and the heating equipment has not yet been installed, installing a chimney through the wall is a natural solution. And when replacing the heating system, this is also an option. Especially if the old chimney is really bad, and you don’t want to climb - disassemble - on the roof. But even in buildings under construction, every now and then they design a chimney passing through the wall of the house.

Advantages of the solution

• Fire safety. A pipe that has not been cleaned for a long time accumulates soot, which is a highly combustible material. A chimney flared up from the outside is much safer for the house than an internal chimney. Especially if the house is brick.
• Reducing the risk of smoke. As we will see below, the external chimney has a small section inside the house, and the main part is outside. Therefore, when correct installation smoke is unbelievable.
• Absence of necessity roofing works. Not everyone is eager to make a hole in their roof. If the chimney fits into the general architectural style at home, it is preferable.
• Saving space in the house. A little, but still. Mostly on the upper floors. After all, no pipes pass through the attic, which means that you can safely equip additional living quarters there.
• Only one passage through the walls of the house, instead of several through the floors and roof. We save materials, and to some extent, strength, because climbing on the roof is not at all easy.

Cons of the solution

• A secure fixation is required, which can be difficult to maintain and implement. Especially for tall cottages and old wooden houses.
• The emergence of sailing. If the chimney had to be raised to a great height, the wind becomes dangerous for him. It is necessary to fix the structure to the wall as carefully as possible.
• Violation of the architecture of the house. This is a purely aesthetic flaw, not everyone pays attention to it. But still new bast hut the pipe running along the wall will not decorate.

materials

Before you start self-assembly or hire a team, you should decide on the material of the pipes. So what to choose?

Brick pipe with sleeve

This is a good option for any house, even a wooden one. But installing such a chimney is difficult. Although it looks aesthetically pleasing.

Single-circuit stainless steel pipe

Seems like a simple and inexpensive option. But it should be borne in mind that on the street this pipe must be insulated. This means that we get an additional front of work and not quite pleasant appearance(if we talk about an inexpensive option).

Ceramics

Ceramic pipes with a prefabricated sheath of blocks are one of the best options. They have increased heat resistance, thermal conductivity, soot and condensate do not accumulate in them. After all, they look great. But there is one big "But" - the price. Using them, you will get a fairly expensive chimney.

Sandwich

This best option for any chimney. The sandwich is insulated, condensation does not accumulate in them, they do not get very hot, and at the point of passage through the wall in wooden building the risk of fire is low. At a price they are cheaper than ceramic ones, although they are more expensive than single-circuit ones. But adding insulation to a steel pipe will also make it more expensive.

Dimensions

When choosing pipes, it is necessary to focus on the diameter. For each boiler, the technical description must contain information on the permissible cross-sectional diameter. It is important that he be larger diameter boiler pipe. You can also focus on passport power:

• Up to 3.5 kW - sandwich inner tube diameter 80 mm
• Up to 5.2 kW - 95 mm or more
• More than 5.2 kW - from 110 mm

The minimum height of the chimney must always be 5m. Even for small buildings. If you have a tall house, then use the rule from the diagram:

This will help you ensure good draft in the heater and avoid smoke.
For ease of calculation, we offer a table:

Installing a chimney through a wall

Installing chimneys through the wall with your own hands is quite possible. The danger lies only in ignorance of all the requirements for the combustion products removal system. And this is fraught with poisoning or worse. Therefore, before starting something, check out the SNiPs, which spell out all the requirements for chimneys. If you have a gas boiler or a metal stove, read carefully technical description. As a rule, it indicates the characteristics of smoke exhaust structures.

For ease of description, let's focus on making a sandwich chimney through the wall. Then we do not need to think about insulation, and this greatly simplifies the task.

Do not forget that the first meter of the pipe must still be single-circuit! In a sandwich, the insulation can burn out.

Let's list the steps internal installation designs for open chamber boilers and furnaces:

1. We choose a section of the wall where there are no wires and no internal communications. This is a must!
2. We mark a place on the wall for a hole and cut it out.
3. We mount the pipe and fix it in the hole.
4. The hole itself is laid out with refractory material. Use mineral wool. On top of it must be covered with a casing or plastered.
5. Connect the flue pipe. The section passing through the wall can be exactly horizontal. This the best option. Then the angle between it and outer pipe will be 90 degrees. But several heating devices require tilt. Carefully read the requirements and, if necessary, carefully install the pipe at an angle. The efficiency and performance of the heating equipment will depend on this.
6. At the pipe outlet, we fix the tee with an inspection and a condensate trap from the outside and fix it to the wall with a bracket. If you have horizontal section turned out to be more than one meter, you will have to compensate for the increase in the length of the chimney. It depends on the traction.
7. We mount the remaining pipe, which should go up strictly vertically. This is the best option - the fewer bends, the better the traction. The total number of turns should not exceed three. Provide reliable fastenings to the wall and a stand from below so that the entire structure does not collapse under its own weight. The distance between fasteners should not exceed a meter. It is better to try to make 60 cm. A layer of heat insulator is laid in the gap between the wall and the pipe. You can use mineral wool or smear with asbestos.

A closed type forced draft boiler requires only a horizontal chimney. The pipe is led out through the wall according to the same rules, but the vertical part is not installed.

Chimney through the wall in a wooden house

The installation of a smoke extraction structure with a passage through a wooden wall has its own characteristics. It is necessary to carefully insulate the pipe, avoiding contact with the wall. Cover it with refractory material. You can use brick or asbestos. First, you follow the fire safety rules. And secondly, you can avoid drying out the wood that will be in contact with the hot pipe.

In a wooden house, use only a sandwich or ceramics. A single-layer pipe is too dangerous, as it heats up a lot. To control combustion, provide an installed gate in the pipe.
If your wooden house is finished with siding, do not forget that it is plastic. Which means it can melt. Minimum size the gap from it to the chimney is 15 centimeters. The entire passage should be protected with insulation. Remember that siding can withstand temperatures up to 50 degrees and no higher.

Look at the diagram of the passage through the combustible ceiling:

Chimney in the bath through the wall

Chimneys in the bath can also be placed both inside and outside. The stove in the bath is the most important equipment, so the chimney must be done flawlessly. Basically, external structure smoke removal can be done independently. If you use a sandwich, then there will be no particular difficulties. This type of pipe will allow you to maintain the efficiency of the stove, heat will not be lost. And the amount of condensate is minimized.

For single-circuit pipes, all the same rules apply - they must be carefully insulated. Although this option seems cheaper, but if you heat the bathhouse in winter, then insulation can greatly increase the cost of the structure.

The external chimneys of the bath are subject to the same requirements as for the house. But if the house usually stands at a distance from other buildings, then the bathhouse can be an element of a complex of outbuildings.

So watch out for the following:

• The distance from the chimney to other buildings should be at least one and a half meters. It is better that it is 3 m
• The pipe must be raised above the ground by 1.5 m. It can be higher, lower is not recommended
• The number of pipe turns is not more than three. But it is better that the pipe is completely vertical
• The vertical section should be 1.5 m from the wall of the bath and the roof. No less!
• The minimum height of the chimney for a sauna stove is 5 m.

All other installation requirements are completely the same as installing a chimney through a wooden wall. The figure shows a diagram:

In general, installing a chimney through a wall is not difficult. The main thing is to remember the safety rules. Before starting work, do all the calculations and think over the order of work.

Each room to which ventilation or a chimney is mounted must have a separate outlet. Draft due to the temperature difference between the air outside and the products of combustion occurs only if the chimney on the roof ends at a height not less than that established by regulatory documents. This does not apply heating systems with closed combustion chamber. A chimney in a wooden house is installed to drain from stoves and fireplaces that use solid fuel. Several furnaces can be connected to one smoke channel. Often a spare chimney is installed in houses, which will be used if the owner wants to put another fireplace in the building, or they play the role of an installation shaft. Projects of houses from a bar, free of charge designed, very often include a fireplace and a smoke channel.

Chimney in a wooden house according to standards

According to the standards, the flue must be laid vertically. Although pipe inclinations of 30° to the vertical position are allowed, but with a displacement of no more than 1 m in the horizontal plane. And quality construction of turnkey wooden houses requires firms to comply with building codes when installing a chimney. The cross-section of such chimneys must be smooth and with a cross-sectional area not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the rest of the smoke channel. The distance from the grate to the mouth must be at least 5 m. The height of the chimney above the roof depends on which part of the roof it is located in. If the pipe exits onto a flat roof, on a roof ridge or at a distance of less than half a meter from the ridge, then it must rise no less than half a meter above the ridge ( flat roof). The height must not be less than the height of the ridge if the pipe is located at a distance of half a meter to three meters from the ridge. And, if further, not below the line emanating at an angle of 10 ° from the ridge.

Chimney through the wall of a wooden house

When a chimney is led through a wall in a wooden house, it is very important to comply with all fire safety measures. To avoid fire, wooden walls isolated from the inner surface of the discharge channel. most better insulation in this case, foam concrete can serve. Construction of economy class country houses is cheaper when this material is used. This is a non-combustible material, which, due to its low specific density, does not create an unnecessary load on the structure of the building, but gains strength over time, which makes its use more rational than using, for example, red brick. Foam concrete is easy to cover finishing materials.
When building a smoke channel from a fireplace in wooden houses, two main channel designs are used. One of them is a plastic stocking, which is usually used when laying a discharge channel with strong bends. The plastic stocking heats up quickly, which means it quickly creates draft, and also cools quickly, preventing hot air from escaping through the chimney after the fireplace goes out.

Three-layer construction of a chimney in a wooden house

Another option used when laying a discharge channel in the outer wall of a house is a three-layer structure made of stainless steel, thermal insulation and steel pipe outside. Stainless steel pipe is often coated with a ceramic layer. Mineral wool is used as a heater. Turnkey timber houses inexpensively stand for any design option.
The materials used for lining the smoke channel must fulfill two basic requirements. Firstly, they must withstand any weather conditions, endure exposure to the sun, rain, snow. And secondly, they must be chemically resistant to combustion products. This limits the choice. Only certified materials can be used for lining chimneys. However, this allows you to build timber houses economy class cheap .
The place where the roof joins and the chimney must be closed with a metal collar that protects against leaks. If the slope of the roof is more than 45 °, then it is profiled with a ledge in the form of a pyramid, which prevents precipitation from accumulating in this place of the roof.
Concrete caps are installed on all chimney outlets to protect against atmospheric precipitation. The cap should be 10 cm wider on each side than the chimney opening and the top of the cap should slope.