When dreams come true: beautiful roofs of private houses. What are the types and shapes of house roofs - from simple to complex? What are the types of dacha roofs?

In modern private construction, there are a great many types of house roofs, and our material will discuss their most popular options. Such important roofing structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.

Tilt angle

First, we suggest you familiarize yourself with what types of roofing there are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:

Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. The positive aspects here include inexpensive installation and a small number of Supplies. On such a structure you can build an open-air terrace, which can also be considered an advantage.
Pitched, with an inclination angle of 10 degrees and above. Such samples are easy to use, which is why their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation here, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.

Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:

single-pitched;
gable steep;
gable flat;
gable attics with a broken configuration;
hipped, semi-hip;
hipped hipped roofs;
four-slope hip.

The most convenient to implement include shed roofing structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them in garages, sheds and other outbuildings.

What are the types of roofing?

If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical; they can withstand wind loads, but their installation cannot be called simple.

This will require materials in large quantities, and you cannot do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.

In order for the design to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay attention to Special attention her design.

Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics

Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic characteristics of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to detailed review options presented in modern construction.

Gable

This type is the most popular and has been erected in our country for a long time. Another name for a structure with two slopes that rest on walls of the same height is a “gable roof.” Installation here is more complicated than that of the single-pitch version, but the facing materials here can be completely different, which allows you to satisfy any of the developer’s design requirements.

Hip

In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which follows the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word “hips” (front triangular slopes).

During the installation process, beams are installed here using double tightening and drains are installed on each slope at an angle of 45 degrees. The construction of such structures requires additional effort and skills, because the structure of the rafter system in this case is quite complex.

Half-hip

This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Among the disadvantages, we can only note the additional costs of materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the ribs of the roof. Such structures are good for use in regions with windy climates.

Attic (broken)

Another type of gable model, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to deal with is to buy materials for insulating the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of a regular attic not intended for living.

On average, the cost of constructing a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make maximum use of the usable area of the building and get two-storey house with virtually one level.

Flat

Forgotten for a while, these types of house roofs are gradually returning to construction thanks to the unusual design solutions of modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or mini outdoor pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. A transparent dome will provide the space with natural light, and will help out in the evening lighting. Here you can install solar panels and water heating elements, if you need them, of course.

Among the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Don't forget about quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace; moreover, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the disadvantages, problems with thermal insulation may arise here, and here we are primarily talking about the heating of the plane in the summer heat, but you can deal with the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.

If the roof structure with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, so in case of urgent need you will have to resort to its construction separately.

The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, and it does not matter what shape it will be.

You can equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts, which will hide the rafters and cladding materials of the roof.

Less popular roof types

In addition to the most common roofing structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, although less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from the specimens we looked at above, but that makes them no less beautiful. The creation of such samples must be approached seriously, because their implementation may only be feasible for professionals.

Single-pitch

A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to construct, and any, even the most inexpensive, materials are suitable for their cladding.

As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to arrange an attic or attic, and this may be why today it is rare to see lean-to examples on new houses.

Tent

The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically located triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build due to the overly sophisticated rafter system.

Multi-forceps

It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex rafter systems. Many external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install; in addition, valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.

Multi-gable designs can be afforded by wealthy people who build polygonal-shaped houses with a large number of extensions and attic spaces.

Dome

These types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of the building and are mainly installed over part of it. To install the frame you will need flexible elements, and decorative covering Flexible or soft lining is suitable. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, bringing it into your home.

Spherical

IN Lately spherical roofs are slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, and church buildings, so we can see these types of construction almost every day.

Green

The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil in which plants are planted, serving as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Everything can be noted here positive traits flat samples, improved with a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, always have enough moisture for watering, and in addition, conditions are created for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.

An undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to come across such green living structures. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to distinguish yourself from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of outdoor plants? Then a green roof is right for you and you can enjoy its beauty.

Decorative cladding: what to choose?

In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter you need to take into account design features that can either limit your choice or allow you to expand it. Today the most common materials are:

metal tiles;
bitumen shingles;
ceramic tiles;
slate;
sandwich panels.

All these roofing materials differ from each other in technical specifications, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure according to different technologies, therefore, before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer’s recommendations and warnings. If you take a balanced approach to this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you will be able to create reliable protection and at the same time a decoration for your home.

The roof is considered as important in the structure of the house as the foundation and walls. It is classified as a load-bearing structure and therefore must meet a number of requirements: to be strong, reliable, durable, well insulated, and have good heat and sound insulation. Which house roofs to choose is the prerogative of the poor homeowner. The main thing here is not to make a mistake in choosing. The roof must also match the type of shape and be fireproof.

To make it easier to meet these requirements, before creating a house project, you need to select the shape in advance, calculate the height, and select the appropriate materials for its construction.

What forms are there?

There are several types of roof shapes. The choice should be based on design features:

Single-pitch. One roof plane resting on two outer walls of unequal height. It is applied for utility rooms(shed) and in garages.
Gable. It has 2 planes, which, as in the first case, rest on 2 external wall structures, but of the same height. The planes are designed at a certain angle relative to each other.
hip. It has slopes on the end side in the shape of a triangle. The side walls also resemble a triangle, only truncated, or a trapezoid.
Half-hip. Consists of 2 slopes. The surfaces on the end side have the shape of a triangle.
Broken. A very complex roof model. At the bottom the slopes are triangular, at the top they are connected, and always at an obtuse angle.
Tent. It is also not without difficulties. This is a quadrangular structure with 4 slopes of the same size.
Cross-shaped. Used when the house has a complex shape. The calculations and design of this type must be carried out by a design engineer. This is explained by the fact that the cruciform shape of the roof requires the calculation and installation of valleys. It is important to place them correctly in the structure. Otherwise, leaks cannot be avoided.

There are many roof shapes. Here you need to learn not only to choose a shape, but also to correctly calculate the roof structure. Only then will the roof perform the functions assigned to it.

Why do you need to calculate the height and how to do it correctly?

The roof is the part of the house that is most often exposed to atmospheric phenomena. If the angle of inclination, and accordingly the height, is incorrectly selected, there is a risk that due to exposure to strong winds and precipitation, its integrity will be compromised. You will have to carry out roof repairs to eliminate the problems - this is the best case scenario. At worst, you will have to build it from scratch.

The role of height indicators

You cannot neglect the standards when creating a project. The reliability of the structure and the health of those who will live there depend on this. Below are a number of arguments that can absolutely confirm the correctness of the above and the importance of correctly calculating the roof height for the structure of the house:

Reliability and durability. Correctly calculated and selected height will allow the roof to be resistant to external weather influences, resistance to increased loads, for example, roofing, insulation.
Aesthetics. Appearance plays an important role. If its height does not correspond to the structure of the house, then such a roof will not look aesthetically pleasing.
Convenience. If the height is correct, you can build an attic.

The highest point is called the ridge. This is the point where all the inclined planes of the roof connect. If its height is chosen incorrectly, then there is a risk that the roof will not last the period for which the owner of the house intended. The ridge height parameters must strictly comply with the technological process.

How to calculate the height of the roof?

Video tutorial on finding

What determines the height of the ridge?

An important parameter in the calculation is the slope angle. There is a list of factors on which it is based mainly on atmospheric influences :

winds, if they are frequent in the region, then the slope angle should be 10-20 degrees;
precipitation in areas where it falls abundantly above 45 degrees;
snow - in very snowy winters, the angle of inclination can be similar to the previous point.

Advice

More detailed regulatory data can be taken from the requirements of SNiP 2301-99.

Selecting height by roof type

Here, height calculations are made taking into account the type of coverage:

If roof materials contain many piece elements, the angle of inclination should be chosen as large as possible.
If the roof structure is low, joints should be kept to a minimum.
For very heavy roofing masses, the largest inclination angle is selected so that the weight can be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Calculation parameters taking into account the width of the building

Here the cross section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle. Where the height parameter is the leg. Next, the calculation is made as follows:

By purchasing roof covering you need to pay attention to the weight. For example, let’s compare two popular types – metal and ceramic tiles. The latter is 10 times heavier than the first. And this plays a significant role in the design of rafters.

Many buyers make the mistake of buying cheaper coverage - it is most often of low quality, which means it will not last long.

What materials can be used?

The list of coatings for roofing is quite wide. Each has its own advantageous characteristics and disadvantages.

Roofing materials

Metal tiles have been the most popular for years

Ceramic tiles

It has been produced for a long time - more than 100 years. Significantly improves the appearance of the facade in comparison with its clay counterpart. Counts:

Reliable coating.
Has a long service life.
Characterized by high strength.
Not affected by humidity.
Provides absolute UV protection.

With all the advantageous characteristics, it also has several disadvantages:

high cost;
large mass.

Ceramic tiles - produced for more than 100 years

Ondulin

Enjoys a reputation. Occupies positions in quality and consumer demand:

reliable;
moisture resistant;
lasting;
protects against UV;
tolerates high loads well;
resistant to mechanical stress;
endowed with waterproofing properties;
fireproof;
not subject to corrosion;
has good flexibility.

Installed on a deck made of slatted strips.

Ondulin - has a reputation

Slate

The cheapest roofing material:

service life – 40 years or more;
moisture resistant;
withstands mechanical stress;
withstands high loads well, for example, a layer of snow.

Flaws:

During long-term use, its edges begin to crumble;
In places where it is constantly shaded, lichen begins to appear.

Slate is the cheapest roofing material

Corrugated sheet

Roofers often work with this material citing the fact that it is reliable and very durable. Compared to metal tiles, the sheets are wider, and also:

low specific gravity;
high strength indicators;
considered an environmentally friendly coating;
has a wide selection of colors;
It can be installed in any weather conditions.

How to choose corrugated sheeting?

What should you pay attention to?

Flaws:

makes a lot of noise if it rains;
complex roof shapes require a lot of material;
susceptible to corrosion during operation;
drilling or cutting areas require additional processing;
requires laying a hydraulic layer to prevent condensation;
requires additional insulation.

Corrugated sheeting is reliable and very durable

Flexible tiles

Seamless coating based on glass fibers impregnated with bitumen. The outer part is treated with basalt, painted in different colors:

has high strength;
endowed with good sound and heat insulation properties;
Provides excellent sealing.

From this entire list, you can choose any roofing material. Which one will be best is up to you to decide.

Flexible tiles - seamless coating based on fiberglass

Choosing insulation – which one is better?

When choosing a good insulation material, refer not only to the cost, but also to the technical and operational characteristics. And also on the difficulty of installation. You can install the insulation yourself, although in some cases you will need to use special equipment. Criteria for choosing a good insulation:

thermal conductivity coefficient - the lower it is, the better;
moisture resistance;
lifetime;
stability of shape and appearance;
heat insulator weight;
resistance to low temperatures;
soundproofing properties;
environmental friendliness.

Insulation - mineral wool

Advantages:

high thermal insulation coefficient;
price;
mineral wool does not burn;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation;
biostability - not subject to putrefactive phenomena, it will not be damaged by rodents or insects;
has good vapor permeability;
the sound insulation coefficient is high;
does not lose shape.

Roof insulation

What is needed for this?

When installing mineral wool insulation, it is necessary to provide vapor barrier and waterproofing layers. And also take care of organizing ventilation gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. If this is not done, the rafters will begin to rot over time.

Glass wool

According to their own thermal insulation properties close to mineral wool, it has been used as a heat insulator for a long time. Made from fused glass. Goes on sale at in roll form, is characterized as a good, environmentally friendly and non-flammable material.

When using this insulation, you should protect your hands, body and eyes with special equipment. When installing, follow the installation technology.

If you buy glass wool without a foil outer covering (this is an improved type that many manufacturers have been using lately), then you should take care of laying a vapor barrier layer from the same foil.

Expanded polystyrene

Foam plastic is also used very often in insulating walls and as a heat insulator for roofing:

It is characterized as a material with high thermal insulation properties.
Resistant to moisture.
It does not absorb steam, which means it can be laid directly on the waterproofing; there is no need to create an air gap.

When laying polystyrene foam in pitched roofing forms, you must ensure that the edges of the material fit snugly against it. After installation, the seams must be treated with polyurethane foam.

The material is flammable and vapor-tight, which means it cannot be used in insulating flat roofs.

Polyurethane foam

Also good for roof insulation. The list of its advantages includes:

low thermal conductivity;
small weight;
good sound insulation;
biostability;
good waterproofing properties.

The material is endowed with sufficient rigidity. It cuts and drills well. Does not lose shape during service.

Polyurethane foam insulation can be laid (tile form) or sprayed onto (liquid form).

Polyurethane foam - the material is endowed with sufficient rigidity

Ecowool

Made from paper. Refers to environmentally friendly roofing insulation. Endowed with good sound and heat insulation qualities. To ensure that the material is not flammable and is not damaged by rodents and insects, ecowool manufacturers treat it with defenseless substances and antipyrine.

Refers to the lightest and cheapest types of insulation. Sold in liquid form. when using it as insulation for the roof (between the rafters), it is necessary to create some kind of closed boxes. Ecowool is blown into them so that it not only fills the space, but also fills all sorts of cracks. Disadvantages: the use of special equipment in installation work.

There are other ways to insulate a roof.

Ecowool - made from paper

Painting the roof - nuances, methods, features

The roof is covered with different materials; the specifics of the work and the feasibility of using painting depend on this:

1 Slate. At first it looks good. Over time, it fades, and islands of lichen begin to appear on its surface. You can prevent these manifestations by painting it with water-dispersion or acrylic paint. They are resistant to external and weather factors. True, before this you should tint the coating.

2 Corrugated sheet. It is rarely repainted. During production, they are coated with a colored polymer-based coating. It is painted only during the process of restoration or restoration work.

3 Sheet metal. It can be painted, but before doing this you need to treat the surface with an anti-corrosion primer.

The roof is painted in two ways - manual or machine. Before the procedure, you must adhere to the following requirements:

Do not paint the roof in bad weather, especially during rain. It is best to do this in spring in April or May, in autumn in September or October. During these periods, the paint layer will have the best adhesion, which means it will last a long time.
In summer it is generally not recommended to paint due to the heat.
Painting should be done in non-slip shoes that do not scratch the surface.
If work is carried out at a high height, you need to take care of your own safety by tying yourself with a rope to the rafters or beam.
It is highly not recommended to attach a safety rope to the chimney - the support is unreliable and may not support your body weight.

How many coats should a roof be painted?

In order for the paint layer to be stronger and look appropriate, at least 2 layers of paint should be applied:

When applying for the first time, you need to take 700 grams of drying oil for each kilogram of paint, mix and only then paint.
When painting again, for every kilogram of paint you need to take 5000 grams of drying oil.

Application technology - or how long to wait between the first and second painting:

After applying the first layer, you need to wait a week for it to dry thoroughly.
The second layer will take 3 days longer to dry, that is, a total of 10 days.
If you decide to apply the 3rd layer, then you need to use and wait exactly this time.

How to choose a color for the roof and facade?

You can order a ready-made turnkey project, but such a service is not available to everyone. View all possible options Another way is to create a template. To do this, the flat projection of your facade needs to be transferred to tracing paper(you can also use plastic film), and then use the color substitution method to select a shade and manufacturer.

Even if everything goes well with the color, the chosen option will suit you in all respects; there is no need to run out and buy all the coloring material. First you need to paint a small piece of the facade and roof in the selected colors.

The assessment of the final shade is influenced by:

surface texture;
base type;
lighting.

Look at them at different times of day and weather conditions:

in the morning before sunrise;
during the day in good light;
in the evening, when only the lights are on;
on a cloudy day.

The disadvantage of this selection method is that it can be used to test a limited number of colors.

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for private homes. All of them can become a reliable, stable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate ones are selected building materials.

The roof is like a business card Source freepvpgame.com

Main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on their appearance, and even the naked eye of a layman can distinguish one type of roof from another.

Flat

Modern fashion trends have made flat roofing a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft and have a slope of up to 3°. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:

Thanks to the minimal area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said for subsequent maintenance and repairs.
Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to arrange a sports ground, a place for comfortable rest and tan, plant a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, such a roof can accumulate a large mass of snow, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

You can place a relaxation area on the flat roof Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

Sloping

Pitched roofing – with sloping surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by the angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.

Pitched types of roofing of private houses allow the attic space to be used for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for finishing coating, and from the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, the varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

Single-pitch. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. A simple, cheap and durable option.
Gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, and remove precipitation well. A practical and common option.
Four slopes. The most durable and reliable. But the large weight of the roof requires strengthening the supporting structure.
Tents, designer. The most unusual and expensive options.

Hip roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

Spherical

Interest in spherical structures is always high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract additional advantages:

Streamlined shape. Allows you to avoid direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roofing calculator

To find out the approximate cost of different types of roofing, use the following calculator:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that slope angles for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal roof slope angle, several factors are taken into account:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof should withstand the wind and precipitation that is typical for the area.

In areas with snowy winters, a large roof angle is set (45-60°); This way the snow melts smoothly, reducing the likelihood of icing.
In order for the structure to withstand in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is kept to a minimum. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20°.
In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof with a slope of 3-5° (for water drainage). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
The optimal slope angle is considered to be values from 20 to 45°.

Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing covering.

Slate covering, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and leak with a minimum roof slope of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
Roofing felt, euroroofing felt. The number of layers determines the parameter value. For a roof with 2 layers, a slope of 15° is required, for 3 layers, 5° is sufficient.
Profiled sheet. The minimum permissible roof slope is 12°.
Metal tiles. The minimum roof slope is limited to 14°.
Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6°.
Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
Membrane type roofing coverings. Ask minimum slope within 3-5°.

Video description

What the roof should be like - in the video:

Structural differences of frames - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, can also include hip roofs. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, one primarily chooses from the following options:

Single-pitch

This design is an inclined plane that rests on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied to outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: choosing such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear off even a well-secured roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and strength of pitched roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Modern style pitched roof Source houzz.es

Gable

Classic roof options for a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; You can select any material for the roof. The base consists of 2 slopes (slopes), resting on two walls of equal height.

Another name for a gable roof is gable roof (gable is the plane between the slopes).

Advantages:

Self-cleaning from snow, low probability of leakage.
Big choice available materials during manufacture.
Possibility of arranging an attic space.

Flaws:

Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
The weakest structural element is the valley ( internal corner at the junction of the slopes), which experiences the maximum climatic impact.

Source vermonttimberworks.com

Combined (multi-pincer)

Multi-gable (valley) frames are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the building layout does not allow the use of more simple design. The features of multi-pincer forms are:

Complex installation of additional intersections, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
To eliminate problems with condensation, high-quality vapor and waterproofing is carried out, and high-quality ventilation is installed.

Hip and half-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). The two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the two side slopes are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated appearance, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

These types of roofing for the roof of a private house are complex in design and installation (they require reinforcement of the rafter system), but are economical in terms of material consumption; they are justified in northern areas with strong winds.

Source roofsrustulsa.com

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Tent

The roof consists of slopes in the shape of isosceles triangles, converging at one point. Such a design, which involves the construction attic floor, difficult to design; A mitigating circumstance is a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to withstand winds.

A special class of roofs consists of round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on religious buildings; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.

Vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic space, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. A supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood is placed at the base. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. This solution is practical and original; the coating is wind-resistant, and the use of transparent material saves energy.

Source superfb.site

Geodetic

A conventional dome roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

A geodesic dome roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. The bars are connected to each other by metal connectors; A connecting beam is installed between the rows.

To design a structure, a 3D computer modeling program is required. Compared to pitched roof material consumption is on average one third less.

Features of attic roofs

For several centuries now, since its invention in France, mansard roofs have enjoyed constant popularity. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

The types of roofs of private houses with an attic are pleasingly diverse. All kinds of attics are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic to create living room, training room, library or winter Garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:

Heat loss from lower living spaces causes condensation to form on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for thorough vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
The attic space has no internal walls; it is completely in contact with the outside environment. Thermal insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is relevant for the room. For interior decoration Natural wood is best.

Source julifacer.com

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roof cladding is determined primarily by the climatic characteristics of the region. Even the traditional “issue price” often gives in to common sense - no one has ever managed to save on the quality of a roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:

Roof tiles (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

Metal shingles are a popular option valued for their durability, low price and ability to withstand impacts, which is especially valuable during loading and transportation. Metal tiles are lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation) and are easy to attach. The disadvantage is considered to be uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
Bituminous (flexible) tiles. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
Natural (ceramic) tiles. A time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.

The tiles can be laid on any roof shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits its scope of application to commercial buildings. Slate has great strength during bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easy to process (cut with a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (over time it can become covered with moss) and a health hazard.

Glass roof

A glass roof (especially its spectacular panoramic version) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design provides excellent weather protection and helps reduce energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

Green roof

Growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate more often with nature.

Timber log house with eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation with a waterproof membrane are laid on the roof, protecting the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

An eco-roof serves not only decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer system (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses on organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.

Another option for a “green” roof Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof designs: photos and videos

Video description

See the following video for interesting types of roofs of private houses:

And more original types of house roofs in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech style house Source viendoraglass.com

Interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com

A window in the attic was once a complex technical task Source superdom.ua

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on one house Source cosmictherap.com

The production of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

Source weareart.ru

To ensure that such beauty remains functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

Classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the points where the roof of the first floor meets the walls. Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels Source houzz.com

Hip roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a dormer window Source casacom.pro

Source pinterest.com

In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building Source pinterest.com

A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com

“Modified” classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

What is interesting here is not so much the design as the cladding material Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

Ideal solution for a roof over a swimming pool - the area can be completely covered if necessary Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

When starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable and capable of serving for a long time. This choice is not always straightforward; each option has pros and cons. To accept correct solution, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.

How to determine what type of roof your future home should be without drowning in the ocean of variety of options offered by today's construction market?

Any child knows that every house begins with a foundation and is crowned with a roof, and even the most absent-minded person has noticed at least once in his life that the types of roofs of houses are very different. Superficial idea of purpose various forms roofing is that the roofs are so different just “for beauty”. In fact, the appearance of the roof is only one (and not the most important) factor that determines the shape of the roof of each particular building.

Numerous types of roofs of private houses have appeared in the process of engineering and design solutions the main tasks that modern roofing is designed to cope with as best as possible:

protection from precipitation
effective self-cleaning
organization of attic space
durable operation
ease of repair
economy and environmental friendliness

Understanding what different types of house roofs are is not at all difficult, since they are all carefully sorted and cataloged. We should not forget, however, that this cataloging is somewhat arbitrary, and in practice, the features of each house are always ready to introduce adjustments to generally accepted standards with their own individuality.

To help you navigate the matter of choosing a roof shape for your future home, we will look here at all the most common types of roofs, photos of which you will find right there, next to the descriptions.

Flat roofs

Roofs with a flat surface are rarely used in the construction of private houses. Snow load For such a roof, compared to a pitched roof, the cost of each mistake when arranging a roofing pie is higher: one small unevenness, and now a place for moisture accumulation, for example, is already ready. Such a roof cannot be called economical either: rafters, monolithic floors– everything must be very durable and of very high quality. The presence of an attic is not considered at all. A flat roof is usually made only where it is planned to be used later as a terrace for the upper floor. In this regard, they are, of course, irreplaceable. But if you are not going to build a roof-terrace, then while we are talking about a private residential building, it would be wiser to refuse a flat roof.

Sloped roofs

We will dwell on them in much more detail. The angle of the roof determines many of its future characteristics at once. It is the ratio of angles and slopes, their location in relation to each other, that creates all the diversity that we will describe below.

Monosloped

They are named so because they have only one slope. The main advantage of such roofs is their low price, ease of construction and operation, lightness and airiness, both actual and in terms of appearance.

Canopy

Mono-slope canopy - an achievement modern minimalism in construction, it gives the house a somewhat futuristic look. Deal with installation lean-to canopy Even a person who has never done this before can do it if he follows simple technology. A monoslope canopy roof resists the wind well due to its (usually) small slope, is excellent at self-cleaning, and saves you money on the amount of building materials. Not so long ago, it was believed that the scope of such roofs was primarily determined by the need for savings and the priority of functionality over appearance. Therefore, they could be found more often on utility buildings and government institutions, hospitals, industrial complexes, and similar structures. But today, Australians, known for their boldness in terms of fashion legislation, are confidently setting a new trend in the use of canopy roofs in the construction of private houses.

Shed roof

So-called “sawtooth” roofs are used where extreme strength and reliability are required. Such roofs are designed to provide the ability to hang a lifting roof on supporting structures. industrial equipment. For this reason, shed mono-pitched roofs are extremely rarely seen covering someone’s private home.

Gable roofs

A construction classic, these are the kind of roofs that little children draw on their first houses with colored pencils. Without giving in at all pitched roof in terms of functionality, it is a little more complicated in terms of construction and more expensive, but it opens up the possibility of arranging an attic space. In the domestic construction tradition, you can often find options for an “external” entrance to the attic from the street; the Western style of construction gravitates towards stairs located inside.

The gable roof is simple and reliable, but there are several more complex hybrid forms. For example, the so-called half-hip roofs (when the end slopes do not reach the eaves):

or Dutch gable(with small pediments):

they are designed to both diversify the appearance of the house and provide more roof space. Hybrid gable roof Dormer» adds a “dormer window” to your attic, which serves to illuminate, ventilate the attic space, and improve the appearance of your private home.

Mansard roof

The same as the previous one, but with broken slopes. The mansard roof looks very respectable and spacious; wealthy people like to install such roofs on their spacious houses. Thanks to its pentagonal shape, the attic roof creates an entire additional floor in the under-roof space, where you can safely arrange the room you want. Windows are often made directly on the slopes, and in areas that are not too snowy, sometimes these windows lead straight up, flooding the attic with light and opening a mesmerizing view of the night sky.

The price of such a roof is always high compared to a simple gable roof. It is growing not only due to the simple complication of the design and the increase in the number of materials, the need to strengthen the rafters, but also due to the increased requirements for insulation of this type of roof. Due to the fact that the under-roof space is used as a living space, the insulation system itself changes, when insulating materials are mounted not inside the roof, but on an externally installed sheathing. A large roof area, again, increases the cost of a large amount of insulation, waterproofing, materials for the construction of sheathing, and coatings.

Despite all these difficulties, mansard roofs have remained popular for many years, and for many, this type of roof is a real blue dream.

A curious European and American version of the broken line mansard roof, in which the lower slope does not go down at a steep angle, but, on the contrary, is made very flat and long. Excellent for one-story houses, with a veranda provided, and perhaps more than one.

Multi-gable roof

Such types of roofs of private houses, such as multi-gable roofs with a valley, are rarely used due to the high complexity of the device and the high price. They resort to them for their beauty and the possibility of arranging several small side attics at once. More often, hotel builders resort to valley roofs, but they are also sometimes used to cover private houses by lovers of original and unusual design. To erect such a roof yourself, without the proper experience, is fraught with a senseless waste of time and effort: the installation of a multi-gable roof should be carried out by professionals who understand their business.

Hip pyramidal roof

Also, such a roof is called “hatched”, and most often it is used specifically to cover square buildings; this is the case when the type of roof determines the house. Complex design The pyramidal roof, consisting of four identical triangular slopes, nevertheless makes it an attractive solution for those who like houses with the correct square area. The construction of such a roof requires certain skills and knowledge of the technical side of the issue, and better yet, a lot of practice.

Combined roof

Uniting Various types roofs, such a roof can become a real masterpiece of architecture. When the decision to use different types of house roofs is dictated by practicality, and not a simple pursuit of originality, then it is combined roof can become more economical, and at the same time reliable and functional option. However, the installation and construction of such a roof involves the need to take into account many nuances; this is a job only for a real roofing specialist who is well versed in all the intricacies various types roofs, and knowledgeable the most important aspects their competent combination.

Normal and original options

M-shaped roofs

Another type of rarely used types of house roofs, the M-shaped roof is usually used in special architectural projects. Two houses standing close together visually have separate roofs, but they are connected by a common valley. The loads on this very valley are very high; large volumes of snow mass can easily damage it.

Roof "Butterfly"

Agree, it looks very beautiful and unusual. Built on the second floor, such a roof can become beautiful canopy for a balcony, it visually enlarges the structure and looks mysterious, attracting curious glances. Like many beautiful things, the “Butterfly” is very impractical for many reasons: price, lack of attic space, complexity of the design. And you need to think three times before building such a “snow storage facility” in our cold regions.

Saltbox roofs

The salt shaker roof was so nicknamed because of its external resemblance to the cutlery of the same name in the United States in the 17th century. As you can see in the photo, Saltbox is an asymmetrical gable roof, one slope of which is much longer than the other. The mere sight of such a roof can sometimes evoke an influx of patriotic feelings in a resident of the United States who knows his history. Many monuments of early colonial architecture have just such original look roof, which was formed as a result of the gradual expansion of the once built house. The salt shaker roof, at one time, became a witty response from ordinary Americans to the new taxes imposed by the government on the size of houses. The “salt shaker” is a simple way to expand a house by lowering the roof onto the elements being added. For the same purpose, this type of roof is often used today. However, Saltbox is also used for other reasons, including as a tribute to tradition or out of sympathy for appearance.

And all this is just an incomplete list of the most interesting and used types of roofs. In the world of construction and architecture, you can find hundreds of amazing examples of artistic and engineering thought that deeply capture the imagination. Which type of roof to choose for your private home is a decision that we advise you to make after carefully considering all the options and thoroughly understanding what benefits a particular type of roof will give you, and what difficulties its construction, operation and possible future repairs will involve.

Do-it-yourself construction will help to significantly reduce the cost of both an individual stage of work and the entire project as a whole. The roof is a large-scale structure, so its construction takes up a significant part of the development budget. To reduce costs, you can refuse the services of a construction team and do everything yourself. To have an idea of the upcoming scope of work, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the types of roofing, their purpose and features.

Which roof to build will be easier and more economical?

Depending on the installation of the structure, the roof can be flat when the angle of inclination does not exceed 12 degrees, or pitched when the inclination exceeds the indicated value. Flat roofs are constructed with a slope of 1–3 degrees, which will be enough to promptly remove moisture from the surface. In general, the construction stages flat structures are similar, the differences are only in their arrangement. Depending on the order of laying the insulation and waterproofing layer, there are conventional and inversion roofs. The second option differs in that the installation of waterproof insulation is carried out on top of the waterproofing.

Device different roofs similar in many ways, but each type has its own individual characteristics

The supporting frame of the flat roofing system is assembled from monolithic reinforced concrete, metal profiles and metal beams or wooden rafters. To save space, flat roofs are successfully used for recreation when they are covered with a special covering or sown with grass. Caring for a lawn is very simple - the grass is watered like ordinary plants, and the soil is transferred to warm room. Creating green lawns is not difficult; it is only important to remember the need to install a waterproofing polymer membrane, the cost of which is quite high.

Having a flowering meadow above your head is, of course, interesting, but more practical option The roof is considered to be a pitched structure. Among the striking advantages of such a roof are the ability to naturally remove snow and moisture due to the large slope angle, as well as high reliability compared to a flat surface. Here there is free space that can serve as an attic or attic. Negative aspects when building a pitched structure are the high cost of materials and the difficulty of performing repairs in case of defects.

The advantage of a pitched roof is the possibility of installing attic spaces on the top floor

Features of a gable (gable) roof

This form is considered the most common, due to its effectiveness in removing moisture from precipitation. Making a single-pitched and gable roof is equally simple, and the building will be durable if equipped with a closed rafter system. The diagram of a gable roof is easy to understand even for novice craftsmen, and the material required for it minimal amount. Placing window openings in gables is more expedient than installing them on slopes, so equipping the attic will not cause difficulties.

Pitched roofs may have different shapes, but they all drain water well during precipitation

The shape of the roof does not have to be symmetrical - if desired, the slope of the slopes can be made different, and the layout of the interior will depend on this. If the house plan assumes a shape other than a rectangle, then the roof will have an even more complex shape.

A gable roof can have:

inclined and hanging rafters;
uneven angles of inclination;
eaves overhangs of various sizes.

The gable roof is the most popular for rectangular houses

The gable structure is constructed in two stages:

First, a sheathing is built on top of the supporting beams.
After this, the roofing covering is installed. To assemble the sheathing and rafters, boards and beams are selected, as well as bolts, nails or special connecting elements as fasteners. Rafters can also be made from metal profiles, suitable for covering large spans without the additional use of struts and racks.

No need to worry about the complexity of working with metal structures: on industrial enterprises They are manufactured with high precision, so they are easy to install even by non-professional developers. The only drawback of such elements is their large weight, which causes difficulty in climbing onto the roof, and also increases the load on the supporting structure of the house during operation.

Device roof trusses for a gable roof depends on the size of the house

Video: gable roof rafter system

Installation of an attic roofing system

A mansard roof can be of any shape and type, the main thing is the presence of a broken slope that increases the height interior space. Thanks to this solution, it is possible to minimize the angle of the ceiling in future rooms. The presence of a broken rafter contour is typical for any type of roof: gable, hip and others.

The attic roof allows you to equip a more spacious room on the second floor

IN attic roof the upper and lower rafter beams are tied together - this creates a high-strength structure with a slight reduction in cross-section frame parts. The construction of the supporting system of such a roof, in contrast to frames with a straight slope, is somewhat more complicated, and the large roof area affects the increase in cost. However, all additional expenses are paid off by obtaining more living space.

Since the attic is located immediately above the premises of the lower zone, at one stage of the work an interfloor covering is laid, replacing the roof screed. If you incorrectly calculate the design diagram according to the parameters of the house, then the height of the attic space will be much lower than the rest. To avoid this, when constructing modern houses attics are equipped with a roof with a straight line, not a broken line. This option provides the location of the walls attic rooms under acute angle.

In modern houses, the attic is a full-fledged living space with high ceilings

Video: installation of a mansard roof

Construction of a hip roof

The peculiarity of the hip design is that the pediments are replaced by two slopes in the form of a triangle, then the slopes themselves are called hips. The top of the slopes is equipped with dormer windows. The complexity of the work and the need to strictly follow the requirements of the project exclude the possibility of independent construction. Despite the additional costs of paying for the services of a professional team, you can be confident in the high strength of the system and its resistance to impact climatic factors.

A hip roof is much more difficult to manufacture than a gable roof

In this case, costs for roofing are inevitable, but by choosing economical materials such as slate or ondulin, you can make the roof even more economical than a gable roof. Thanks to the equipped slopes, several canopies can be made around the entire perimeter of the building that would protect the walls from rain and snow. As for the usable area of the attic, then hip design inferior to roofs of other shapes.

Hip roofs come in a variety of variations:

Another inconvenience during installation may be installing windows into ready-made slopes with roofing material installed. Even during their operation, difficulties arise, which cannot be said about structures equipped in gables.

Video: how to install a hip roof rafter system

Half-hip roof installation

As previously mentioned, a half-hip roof is similar to a gable and hip roof. External distinctive features The structure has a trapezoidal shape of end gables covered with half-hips. The roof may well be equipped with a window on the pediment, while the half-hips give a unique design to the entire structure.

An interesting external design may be a half-hip roof, in which the slope covers the lower gable part. This arrangement allows the remaining part of the pediment to be brought to a regular triangular shape with the possibility of installing a dormer window. In private houses you can often see unusual half-hipped roofs with a very interesting appearance.

A half-hip roof is very similar to a gable roof, but it looks much more attractive

Features of hip roof equipment

The hipped structure acts as a kind of hip roof and is suitable for installation on houses with a regular polygonal or square shape. With proper installation, the symmetry of the slopes of the building is amazing. In this case, there is no need to erect a ridge element, and all its slopes, of which there can be three or more, are connected at one point. As for operation, such a roof has proven itself to be a stable and reliable structure.

Before assembling the hipped roof, large-scale work is carried out to calculate materials and create a project, the implementation of which can only be carried out by professionals.

To install a hip roof, the house must have the shape of a regular polygon

Multi-gable roof installation

If a building has a complex polygonal shape, then, as a rule, a multi-gable roof is built for it. The complexity of such structures is due to the unusual rafter system, but if the project is correctly drawn up and correctly implemented, then a unique structure can result.

The multi-gable roof has irregular shape and complex rafter structure

The structure of such a roof is represented by several elements that are not used in the forms of other structures:

tongs;
valleys in large quantities;
pediments;
grooves.

Rain and melt water are easily removed from such a roof without any additional effort, which is ensured thanks to the pitched system, where roofing elements installed at an angle to the outer walls.

The gable is the upper wall part, which is limited by two roof slopes, while at the bottom it is not separated by a cornice, as is the case on gables. The valley is used as internal butt corners. The composition of a gable roof, regardless of configuration, includes planes, the fulcrum of which is designated at the same level of the wall. To limit them, pediments or tongs are installed at the end part.

There can be a lot of gables on the roof of a house

The construction of a multi-gable roof for inexperienced craftsmen will be an almost impossible task, since for the construction of its system of layered and hanging rafters it is important to accurately calculate the cross-section of the elements and install stiffeners. This will require not only patience, but also the availability of skills for such work.

The most in a simple way installation of a multi-grip structure will involve the installation of two gable roofs, united at right angles. If you look at such a roof from above, it will look like a cross-shaped figure. If you build several elements on one building with gable structures, combined into one composition, then externally such a structure will have an even more unusual design.

Video: attaching rafters to the valley of a multi-gable roof

Dome roof system

In the construction of private houses, domed and conical roofs are rarely used. As is already clear from the name, this design has a rounded shape, but it does not cover the entire room, but only some of its individual parts. Thus, it is good to erect a domed roof on a veranda or decorative towers.

A domed roof is erected on the basis of a curved frame, and in this case only soft material such as glass insulation, roofing felt, bitumen shingles, or flexible - galvanized metal tiles, plastic. Fans often decorate their homes with such roofs. antique style with good income.

House with domed roof can be stylized as an ancient building or resemble a structure from science fiction films

The main components of the roof structure

The construction of the roof is carried out in several stages, the main ones being:

creation of a rafter system;
arrangement of sheathing;
installation of fences.

TO additional elements include inclined parts (pitched surfaces, ribs), horizontal parts (ridges, valleys). The lower edge of the slope is usually equipped with gutters. The roof frame is entirely wooden and consists of a mauerlat, rafter system, main and mandatory sheathing, tie rods, racks and struts. Once the roof skeleton is ready, the roofing covering is laid on it.

Rafter system It must be durable, strong and at the same time light in weight, so coniferous wood is selected for its construction. The special composition of such a tree provides additional protection from rotting.

To support the rafters, a mauerlat is used - a thick beam installed on top load-bearing walls houses on both sides of it. As fastening elements metal bolts, studs or wire are used. Since the Mauerlat is subsequently connected to rafter frame, then the quality of fastening should be the best. To insulate wooden parts, any suitable material is used, usually roofing felt. This way the timber will last longer and be preserved better. The average thickness of the Mauerlat is 15 cm and higher on its smaller side.

The main elements of roofing structure are present in all types of roofs

The roof of the house is installed gradually, and each of its elements, when interacting with each other, creates the basis of a stable frame. A minor mistake at any stage of the work can affect the quality of the entire roofing project.

What you need to know when installing a rafter system

The rafters act as the main support for the sheathing and, consequently, the roof itself laid on top of it. Depending on the configuration, the rafter system is mounted hanging or layered. Let's look at the main elements of each of them.

The rafter system must withstand the weight of the roof covering, as well as snow and wind loads

used when there are supporting walls or partitions in the house;
are mounted at a distance from one roof span to another within 4–6 m and are equipped with additional supports if the spans are much wider;
are represented by two rafter legs resting on the mauerlat and connecting on a ridge beam. As connecting elements crossbars are used;
are made of material with a cross-section of 5 cm or more. The gap from one rafter to another is 1–1.5 m. For additional support, wooden supports are fixed under the rafter legs.

Layered rafters are installed with small spans between the walls of the building

installed if there are no partitions between the walls and the span of the roof structure is more than 7 m;
indispensable in the construction of an attic, when installing partitions under the rafter frame is impractical;
presented as two rafter legs, which are connected by a horizontal tie, reinforced by a vertical stand and inclined struts;
do not require additional reinforcement due to the support of the tightening to the Mauerlat.

Hanging rafters are used in houses without partitions and with large spans between walls

Arrangement of sheathing and laying of covering

The rafter system is sheathed on top - it serves as a kind of substrate for roofing material. The choice of lathing type depends on what kind of covering is used, and can be made in favor of a solid or sparse structure.

When using rolled roofing, soft coverings, tiles and other piece materials, continuous sheathing is suitable. Wooden boards laid in increments of no more than 10 mm. A solid structure will be more practical if it is made in two layers, and between them a waterproofing gasket made of roofing material, isoplast or other rolled coatings is laid. With proper installation of the layer, the roof is protected from precipitation and wind.

The roofing covering will be laid on the sheathing in the future.

The arrangement of sparse sheathing is carried out under sheet roofing - metal tiles, slate, corrugated sheets, ondulin. The high load from such material requires laying timber with a thickness of 2–3 cm, while the distance between structural elements should be up to 60 cm. All wooden parts must be treated with special means to protect them from rotting.

As soon as the laying of the sheathing is completed, you can begin installing the roofing material. If you want to additional insulation under-roof space, then installation of solid insulation is allowed - extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam, as well as soft materials, for example, mineral wool, are suitable. A prerequisite for insulation is the installation of a vapor barrier and waterproofing layer.

Video: installation of sheathing under corrugated sheets

Unique design: complex roof

To determine the types of roofs that are classified as complex, it is enough to refer to the regulatory framework. Thus, SNB GESN 121.11 describes the features of roofing structures, presented according to the degree of complexity in three options:

Simple roof- the surface is distributed in such a way that 100 m2 is equipped with 1–2 slopes.
The roof is of medium complexity - 2–5 slopes are installed for every 100 m2.
Complex design - a roof with a large number of pitched elements (more than 5 per 100 m2).

In addition to the number of slopes, to fully determine the degree of complexity of the roofing structure, it is important to take into account its shape. ENiR 7 states that any curved structure (dome, vaulted, hipped) on which different elements are combined, occupying more than 10% of its area, is complex.

If the roof has more than five slopes, then it is considered complex

Combining the above information into one definition, we can say that a complex roof is characterized by the presence of 5 or more slopes or a curved surface with fewer slopes.

Possessing an attractive design, a complex roof must cope with its intended purpose - to protect the premises from the negative effects of external conditions, and not allow heat to escape from the house to the outside. Despite the apparent simplicity, the work of arranging such roofs is very labor-intensive and requires maximum professionalism. At self-construction The suitability of roofing structures for further use is not guaranteed, and there is also a possibility of encountering unnecessary material costs. An incorrectly assembled roof will require additional repairs and new investments.

A beautiful home is an indicator of the status of its inhabitants, so a good safe home with a practical roof will not only last for many years without damage from water flowing from above, but will allow you to demonstrate the good taste and wealth of its owner.