Ventilation in the dressing room is a guarantee of healthy rest. The quality of the microclimate in the bath depends on how correctly this type of work is performed. It is impossible to get a healthy spirit and pleasure from relaxing in a room with a musty smell of dampness and mold, so it is important to study all the features of air exchange beforehand.
Scheme of the air exchange device in the dressing room
The construction of a bath is not complete without a set of basic premises: a steam room, a washing room, a dressing room, a relaxation room. It is this set that helps to get a good rest and enjoy it. In order to save space, the dressing room is often used as a dressing room, a rest room. Since the maximum time vacationers will be in this room, the microclimate in it must meet the following requirements:
According to the listed list, a direct dependence of the microclimate on heating and ventilation is visible.
Technical requirements for air exchange in the dressing room
When building a bath with your own hands, you can later encounter increased humidity, which, ultimately, will lead to the appearance of rot, mold, and premature destruction of the building. The cause of such troubles may be illiterate arrangement of ventilation, lack or improper insulation of walls, floors, ceilings.
Table of calculations of air exchange in different rooms of the bath Before the stage of engineering work in the dressing room, a number of features should be taken into account:
There are three types of ventilation used for a bath:
- Forced. It is carried out with the help of electric fans;
- Natural. Based on the laws of physics, where wind force and atmospheric pressure play a role. The principle of movement of air masses: warm air rises, cooled air descends to the floor;
- Combined. A combination of the two previous types. Such a complex will provide an optimal microclimate in the entire structure in a short time.
Arrangement of ventilation in the dressing room
Being engaged in the construction of a bath, it should be understood that this is not only a steam room, but also a number of other premises. In general - a complex. Therefore, a single ventilation scheme is laid at the time of design. For this, a number of points should be taken into account:
Depending on the location of the rest room, the hood can be mounted on the wall behind which it is located. Forced ventilation is often used to improve the efficiency of air movement.
When doing work on laying ventilation ducts with your own hands, do not forget about their heat and.
An integrated approach to the problem of condensate
When purchasing a ready-made bath, you may encounter the problem of condensation in the dressing room. If the audit of the ventilation system on site showed that everything is normal, you should look at the quality of the "pies" of the walls, floor, ceiling.
Drawing of the placement of ventilation holes in the dressing room Possible drafts and additional sources of moisture, cold from the outside create problems inside the building. As a result, this method of solving the problem with condensate, how to make ventilation in the dressing room, will not help. It will take a whole range of work to eliminate this shortcoming.
Floor insulation
Perfect option flooring - tiles. It seals all drafts from the underground space, and also prevents the penetration of moisture. For greater comfort, a warm floor system can be laid under it, but this will increase the cost of finishing and operation. Therefore, wooden coatings are most often equipped. The correct floor must be mounted in the following steps:
Often in underground space laying part of the heating and ventilation ducts. With this scheme, communications are insulated and waterproofed.
Ceiling insulation
Perhaps this is the weakest point in the dressing room. It is on him that the effect of steam is most negatively affected.
Scheme of ceiling insulation in the dressing room The warmer the ceiling, the less condensation will accumulate on it. The ideal filler option is expanded clay, which will replace both insulation and vapor barrier. But this is not always technically possible.
Therefore, a false ceiling is most popular:
- Guide bars are stuffed, a vapor barrier is laid;
- A heater is laid between the wooden profiles (mineral wool is recommended), sewn up with a reflector (foil film). The seams between the canvases are glued with metallic tape.
An important point is the ventilation gap between the insulation and the finishing lining of the ceiling.
Wall insulation
It is carried out according to the same principle as the ceiling lining. For assumed . And inside the arrangement of waterproofing.
Scheme of wall insulation in the dressing room and waterproofing devices Another important point to save heat and optimize ventilation - these are doors. Size entrance group 1800 * 800 is recommended for the dressing room.
In this case, it is necessary to insulate the box. The door to the steam room is made smaller than the entrance. Thus, heat losses in both rooms are reduced.
Heating
The sharp difference between the steam room and the dressing room is the main reason for the appearance of condensate. That's why experienced craftsmen strive to create the optimal temperature regime in each room. To do this, the heater stove is used as a heat source.
There are several options:
Which method to choose is determined individually.
Bath procedures are not only one of good ways maintain hygiene, but also the ability to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins. However, in order for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is needed to exclude the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bath, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove exhaust gases and fumes resulting from the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.
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Do you really need ventilation in the bath or can you do without it?
The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it should contribute to quite quick removal from the premises of humid air and qualitatively regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for baths equipped with gas and solid fuels - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an influx of an impressive amount of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentration of carbon dioxide, which adversely affects the health of people and which can lead to loss of consciousness.
Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully isolate the premises, sealing up the slightest gaps to increase the speed of heating the steam room and keep the heat longer. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be mandatory. Properly arranged allows you to:
- create a healthy microclimate in the bath;
- reduce the concentration of humidity and quickly drain the premises;
- get rid of carbon dioxide;
- quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
- eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
- get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
- keep the interior decoration in its original form.
From the foregoing, it becomes clear how important the device is in the exhaust system bath. Before you make ventilation in the bath, you must first learn about its varieties and basic installation schemes.
Effective ventilation in the bath - scheme and device
Before you further deal with the exhaust system and proceed with its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural and forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their schemes depending on the location. Well, now about everything in order.
natural ventilation
This option is optimal for most baths, as it is the cheapest and quite effective. The location of the ventilation openings must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the sauna is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in the baths, there is one general rule - the inlet should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust at the same distance, but from the ceiling.
The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too fast, which will cause a decrease in the temperature in the steam room, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control dampers. To improve the appearance, it is desirable to mount decorative grilles on the vents, which can be easily bought in specialized stores or made by hand.
However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlet and outlet) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air streams are heated from the furnace and rise up, while the cooled air flows down and enter the exhaust vents. To keep the heat in the room, the openings can be closed with special dampers.
Forced ventilation
Mechanical movement of air is carried out by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly update the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where it is installed in the bath. The forced exhaust scheme in the bath has a number of advantages over the natural one:
- it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
- maintaining a given microclimate;
- even distribution of heated air.
For large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation openings are located diametrically to each other. During installation, it is not necessary to place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level in order to exclude the closure of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.
Important! Because high humidity and heat are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, then the fan case must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.
Advantage of ventilation forced type consists of accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment parameters. Such an exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.
The device in the baths of floor ventilation
The floors in the bath rooms are operated in extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor is carried out both from below from the side of the soil, and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with wooden coating floor, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates into and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.
An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the damaging effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be natural or forced. However, for efficiency when installing a ventilation system, the following conditions must be observed:
- prevent floor cooling during the adoption of procedures;
- ensure fast and efficient drying, but it is important not to overdo it in order to prevent cracking of the wood;
- the arrangement of the ventilation system is required to be carried out at the construction stage.
When arranging ventilation vents, one must take into account the climate, wind conditions, landscape, sources of pollution, as well as internal factors - the type and location of the heater, construction doorways, presence and window vents. Most often, vents for ventilation are located at 3 different levels:
- under the floor covering or in;
- under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
- in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).
The device in the ventilation baths under the floors has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensate and improving the quality of drying the floor covering, the air flow from below does not form drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used in the process of taking bath procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to correctly create a drain system to remove drains outside the building.
Creating air exchange in the foundation of the bath
The creation of an exhaust system in the bath is extremely necessary, as it not only helps to prevent the formation of mold, but also to protect the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bath ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of water bodies, which often cause buildings to flood.
It is possible to ensure normal air circulation by arranging several holes, the number and size of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. In the event that the building is located in a lowland, densely surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be arranged on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.
The ventilation system in the baths in the steam rooms
Traditionally, a stove-heater is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures its good circulation. To obtain the maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the ventilation process of the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or the front door. The disadvantage of such a ventilation scheme in the steam rooms of the baths is that when there is no combustion process, the air circulation stops.
In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is also a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
When the furnace is being heated and the room is being heated, the ventilation in the steam room must be closed. After the steam room is fully warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To exclude the formation of reverse thrust, it is necessary at the stage to make sure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.
In the event that the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. an inlet is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is arranged on the opposite wall from it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated from the heater and the room cools moderately. On the wall opposite from the heating device, 2 holes are made that will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.
Air exchange device in the washing
In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. Wash room a large number of moisture accumulates under the floor, therefore, to remove it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is under the floor covering, and the other is brought out to the roof and equipped with a deflector.
Efficient controlled ventilation in bathhouse sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air supply, carbon monoxide removal and fuel economy in the premises.
Scheme of ventilation in the dressing rooms
The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to the fact that condensate settles on the wooden surfaces of the sheathing. To preserve the cladding and prevent decay processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. Most simple circuit ventilation for the dressing room consists in the removal of moist air through the washing or. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.
How to properly ventilate the bath
Having more or less dealt with the ventilation system in the bath, you must also take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:
- cause a breach temperature regime indoors;
- allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
- remove fresh air from the room.
The principles by which proper ventilation of the premises is created in the bathhouse depend on the architectural features of the structure of the building. In the event that special slots are provided in the floors for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.
Often they make small windows, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the furnace of the heater is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.
Features of air exchange in frame baths
If in or air circulation is carried out through the rows of lower rims, then in buildings frame type sheathed in a large number thermal insulation material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.
The most efficient system for a bath is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is arranged at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths should be equipped with special control dampers.
When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.
Chopped bath ventilation
In a Russian bath, where steam was traditionally prepared by hand, schemes do not fit forced circulation air. To in wooden baths natural ventilation contributed to recovery, when creating it, the following schemes should be followed:
- ensure the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, door and ventilation openings);
- the upper borders of doors and windows should be at the same level;
- for steam rooms of a small size, simple ventilation is sufficient;
- a heater with a chimney is a natural exhaust of exhaust air and gases;
- for normal air exchange, it is possible to equip a ventilation supply opening with a damper and an exhaust opening under the ceiling next to the heater.
The device of good ventilation in a log cabin is a very important point, since it is necessary to exclude the accumulation of excessive moisture, which negatively affects the wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.
Ventilation system in a brick building
About the arrangement of ventilation in brick baths should be considered at the construction stage. Since a brick building does not provide for natural air circulation, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.
The air exchange system in a natural way is identical to that in a Russian bath - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bath is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.
The fan must be installed at the inlet of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes are mounted, but it may be necessary to install supply valves so that the air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. Too much powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and a device in terms of power that does not correspond to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be rather weak.
Ventilation Bastu
IN Lately to create ventilation systems are new and more effective solutions. Such innovations include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bath. Among Russians, this system is very popular because of the ease of installation and high efficiency.
The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The red-hot heater plays the role heat pump and draws air from the supply duct. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-floor air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.
For the device of such ventilation, two stainless pipes are required - the lower one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both outlets must be equipped with damper grilles. However, like all natural-type ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or when there is strong wind outside.
The main advantage of the Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.
Competent ventilation device in the bath
Normal ventilation can be only if the conditions for the inflow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air are created in the room. Despite the common concepts - ventilation is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The principles of operation of ventilation for any premises are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is removed through the exhaust.
When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Regulatory acts establish the frequency of air exchange within an hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account the climatic zones and weather conditions characteristic of the area. In the event that natural-type ventilation is not able to provide the necessary air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.
Where to place a window in the bath?
Windows in the bath are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is an erroneous opinion that the window in the steam room adversely affects the safety of steam in the room and the temperature. However, experienced attendants are advised to make even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turned out to be too hot or someone felt unwell, then just open the window and everything will be in order. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to quickly dry the sun loungers. It is made small and opaque.
Important! According to safety regulations, sauna windows should open inward.
It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that a medium-sized adult can climb through it. Some bath owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If in the washing room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows in the steam room, it is best to use wood that is not resinous. You can easily install a window in a bath with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.
A grate made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the premises. A corrugated hose or a galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing plastic pipes in a steam room, since they are not designed for operation at high temperatures.
It is advisable to install the fan only on one, for example, on the supply air. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will more clearly show the process (a bladeless version is presented):
ventilation valves
The ventilation valve for the bath is mounted in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two varieties this device– KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and the principle of their work is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined shutters to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.
When installing valves, you should follow a few recommendations:
- for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
- installation must be carried out on the bearing walls of the bath;
- it is not advisable to mount the valves on the walls facing the or trash can.
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Features:
- Periodic use. It is heated with a certain frequency, it is not used every day. The rest of the time the temperature inside is not regulated. It is not a residential building.
- High humidity. When used, it is exposed to a large amount of water, water vapor. Condensation may collect on the ceiling of the waiting room due to the large temperature difference.
- Hot air. The high temperature inside is one of the main characteristics of the structure of the bath. Hot air with excess humidity prevails inside the washing room, steam room. It makes it difficult to breathe freely, loads the body.
- solid fuel. As a rule, it is heated with wood, the combustion products of which, together with smoke, partially enter the building.
- Minimum windows. The building is always built with the minimum amount windows to avoid heat loss. The steam room is devoid of window openings at all. The largest number of windows is located inside the pre-bath department.
- Carbon monoxide. With improperly organized air exchange inside the bath, when using it, there may be a possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning.
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The need for ventilation
Ventilation must be carried out during heating, as well as after the end of all procedures.
For heating and direct use:
- ventilation helps to establish air exchange in such a way that the polluted air flow leaves the room, replaced by a cleaner, but warm one;
- fresh air supply is needed directly for the furnace;
- adjustment of the temperature and humidity index of the specific air environment of the bath;
- maintaining a more comfortable temperature inside the pre-bath department, recreation area.
Airing after visiting:
- allows you to dry the sauna room to prevent the appearance of mold, fungus on wooden trim elements, accessories, etc. Excessive dampness in a poorly lit space can easily provoke mold and wood decay;
- prolonged exposure to moisture on wooden structures will lead to a distortion of the initial parameters and properties (for example, doors, window sashes will close poorly, loosely);
- the pores of mold fungi in a poorly ventilated room are in the air, there is always a smell of dampness, stale air. This prevents you from feeling comfortable when visiting the bath;
- airing after taking bath procedures is also necessary for the building itself. It will last longer and function better if it is carefully, regularly ventilated, and also equipped with a competent ventilation system.
Types of ventilation
Proper ventilation in the dressing room and other sections of the bath is generally organized according to the same natural laws as the ventilation systems of other rooms and buildings. Ventilation according to the method of supply is:
- natural - the intake and removal of air masses occurs according to the physical laws of replacing warm air with incoming cold and heavy;
- mechanical - does not take into account natural processes. Inside the ventilation openings, air ducts, fans are installed for forced air exchange inside the room;
- combined - combines the listed types. As a rule, the hood is mechanical, the inflow is organized in a natural way.
Ventilation in the bath with a natural impulse is organized with the help of ventilation openings, window vents. After the visit, the doors are additionally opened for the final drying of the washing, steam rooms, as well as the dressing room.
A forced ventilation system is installed if there are signs that existing scheme ventilation is not effective:
- condensate collects on the ceiling of the dressing room if hotter water vapor from the washing room, steam room gets there;
- the appearance of mold, the initial signs of decay wooden elements finishes;
- constant dampness, which is not removed by airing;
- unpleasant smell of the bath.
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How is the ventilation of the bath
Most often, the bath is equipped with natural ventilation. Supply air vents are mounted at the bottom of the walls, 10-15 cm above the floor level. If a stove with a firebox is located in the dressing room, the inflow is placed not far from the stove so that the incoming stream warms up without reducing the overall temperature inside the room.
In addition, a ventilation duct should be placed under the finishing floor, supplying fresh air directly to the furnace. The entrance of the pipe begins inside the foundation of the bath, the exit is at the bottom, at the furnace compartment.
Supply openings are also placed along the steam room. They are placed at the bottom (for the stove, if it is placed there), at the top for proper air circulation.
Exhaust vents remove condensed, overly hot, humid air and also carbon monoxide if it is likely to occur. Mounted below the ceiling by 10 cm, opposite the inflow holes or diagonally so that the air exchange covers the area of the room most fully.
It is not recommended to install ventilation openings on the ceiling, as this will lead to rapid cooling. bath room, waiting room. It is important to organize ventilation so that fresh air is supplied regularly, replacing hot stale air, while the temperature index of the premises does not decrease, remains comfortable. It is also necessary to avoid the situation when the inlet air cools the lower tier of the bath excessively. The temperature transition from the upper to the lower tier should be gradual, not causing discomfort.
Natural and forced exhaust in the bath
How to make ventilation in the dressing room
It is not difficult to organize a ventilation system in the dressing room on your own, taking into account the basic laws of natural air exchange. The easiest way to do this is when a foundation is being built, a log cabin. For the foundation, openings for ventilation are equipped. Openings for ventilation are also left near the walls, pre-calculated, commensurate with the layout of the future building.
Step-by-step instructions on how to properly ventilate the pre-bath room:
- the location of the steam room door is determined. It is best to place it closer to the oven to maintain temperature balance;
- an opening is laid on the opposite wall from the steam room door (15-20 cm);
- the distance from the ceiling to the edge of the vent is 10-15 cm;
- the supply opening must be equipped with a sliding plug in order to regulate the volume of hot air removed;
- to improve the rate of removal of a moist hot stream from the dressing room, it is recommended to install an axial fan inside the exhaust opening. It will create an area low pressure and the supply air flow will be drawn in in a natural way;
- instead of an exhaust hole, you can install a ventilation duct that will take in hot, moist air and take it out. This method is effective;
- on the wall opposite from the hood (or diagonally opposite corner), an inlet of the same size is installed;
- height from floor to opening - 50 cm;
- if the furnace firebox is located precisely in the dressing room and fresh air is needed for heating, a separate ventilation supply duct is installed. It is located under the floor, starts from the opening inside the foundation, is brought directly to the furnace combustion chamber.
In order for the ventilation device in the pre-bath department to be effective, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations:
- additional ventilation in the bath is desirable with the help of window vents;
- the pre-bath compartment itself must be insulated, since when big difference temperatures, condensate can accumulate here (moisture, foggy suspension under the ceiling);
- ventilation openings are also necessary for the steam room, so that there is a high-quality circulation of air masses;
- if possible, the pre-bath department should be made spacious at the rate of 1.3 m² per person, since smaller dimensions can create inconvenience and discomfort;
- the pre-bath part should be warm to provide comfortable conditions for relaxation after the steam room;
- there should not be a sharp temperature difference between the rooms, as well as between the tiers of the airspace;
- the supply duct, which supplies fresh air to the furnace, is recommended to be made of galvanized steel, with a built-in plug that can regulate the supply flow.
The level depends on how well the ventilation of the bathhouse is organized. comfortable conditions indoors, the life of the building, the microclimate, which directly affects human health.
Arrangement of a dressing room
The room should be warm enough, so you need to insulate surfaces, including walls, floors and ceilings. You also need to organize heating and supply and exhaust ventilation system.
Floor in the dressing room
In order not to spoil the feeling after the bath, the floor in the dressing room must be made insulated. Usually, sanded and impregnated wood is used as a material for the floor. The special treatment of the wood prevents the formation of fungus and mold, which can appear in high humidity.
Floor insulation is carried out as follows:
The ceiling of the dressing room
Ceiling insulation is carried out according to similar principles used for floor insulation. However, the choice of heaters here is more diverse and allows for both cheap and expensive materials. Basalt wool is recognized as the best option, since it is characterized by high fire safety and moisture resistance.
The main purpose of ceiling insulation is to reduce heat loss, as heated air is directed upwards. Based on this goal, we use foil polyethylene to reflect heat, the seams of which are treated with reinforced tape. We attach polyethylene to wooden bars to the ceiling ceiling. We cover the ceiling with a 120 mm clapboard.
The walls of the dressing room
Warming internal walls do it by hand like this:
We do the insulation from the outside as follows:
- We use a crate made of a wooden bar along the height of the wall. We put boards below and above, to which we attach the bars with metal corners.
- We put mineral wool between the bars by surprise.
- We lay the vapor barrier, and glue the joints with adhesive tape.
- From above we arrange another crate for facing work.
Windows can be of any size. The best option is a double wooden frame or a double-glazed window.
anteroom heating
The ideal scheme is if one of the walls of the brick oven goes into the dressing room. In this case, there is no need to create a separate heating in the dressing room. However, a small heater will not be enough to heat all the rooms of the bath. In such a situation, you can use any of the following types of heating:
- You can use pipes that are laid through the combustion chamber to the compartment with stones. The essence of the idea: hot steam air enters the dressing room after watering the stones with water, and the steam itself remains within the steam room.
- You can install a system of air channels passing through all the rooms of the bath and equipped with valves.
- If the area of \u200b\u200bthe dressing room allows, you can install an additional stove.
Advice! To prevent wood decay, it is recommended to dry the tree after each abundant moisture.
Thus, in order to avoid excessive moisture and the formation of condensate, it is not enough just to ventilate the dressing room. A set of measures is needed, where, in addition to ventilation, high-quality insulation of the room will be ensured.
How is the ventilation in the bath
The circulation of air in the bath, as well as in any other room, occurs according to the laws of physics, so circuit diagram hoods are pretty simple.
For its arrangement, it is necessary to make two types of holes:
- supply;
- output.
Fresh air enters the premises from the street through the supply channels. As a rule, when designing a ventilation system inside the bath, such holes are provided almost at the very floor near the stove. This is done so that the cold air quickly heats up from the stove and the overall temperature inside the bath does not decrease.
In order for the carbon monoxide accumulated inside the room and the superheated moist air to be removed from the room, exhaust openings are designed. They are placed slightly below the ceiling level opposite the supply channels so that the air can be freely updated and not stagnate inside the bath.
However, it is not worth making a hole for the hood in the ceiling itself, because in this case the bath will cool very quickly.
We can say that the layout of the inlet and outlet vents in itself is not very difficult. Much more worries are the need for timely and effective removal accumulations of carbon monoxide in the steam room and at the same time maintaining the temperature at high values necessary for a comfortable stay in the steam room.
In addition, you need to think about how to make ventilation in the dressing room, shower room and rest room so that it is pleasant and not cold to be in them during a respite after the steam room. So you should work out the ventilation scheme in the dressing room of the bath in advance if you plan to perform construction works on one's own.
Air exchange device methods
Air circulation in the bath can be done in two ways:
- spontaneously;
- forcibly.
When deciding how to make ventilation in the dressing room with your own hands, you need to take into account the size of the room itself and its functional features.
natural ventilation
The natural movement of air is achieved due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside the building and outside. When arranging such ventilation in the dressing room of the bath, you need to correctly place the supply and exhaust windows. It is optimal if cold air enters from below, through a passage arranged 25-35 cm from the floor in close proximity to the stove. The outflow of exhaust hot air will be carried out through the hood 15-20 cm from the ceiling.
It is worth noting that often this type of air exchange is not suitable for steam rooms, since cold air stagnates and accumulates near the floor, and the hottest one near the ceiling. In this room it is quite difficult to create optimal air circulation in a natural way, although if you try hard and correctly arrange all the elements of the ventilation system, nothing is impossible.
Forced extraction
You can make the air currents inside the steam room in a Finnish or Russian bath move with the help of mechanisms.
There are two types of forced ventilation systems:
- With the help of electronics. Such a system controls the air temperature, its humidity, and automatically regulates its supply and cleaning. However, the installation of such complex technological installations can be quite expensive and not fit into the budget.
- The combined method of arranging the hood assumes that, along with the installation of openings for the supply and exhaust of air, special fans are installed. They will force the air masses to move, while creating a feeling of natural air exchange.
Features and subtleties of hood design
When starting to design a ventilation system in the dressing room and other rooms of the bath, you should consider all the subtleties and features of the placement of its individual elements.
This is very important, because the slightest disturbance in the movement of air flows due to incorrect localization ventilation windows can lead to disastrous results. Carbon monoxide can accumulate in the steam room, which threatens health problems. In addition, it may be difficult to maintain the desired temperature. See also: "Ventilation device in the bath - from design to installation."
Therefore, it is necessary to decide how to make a hood in the dressing room, steam room and rest room at the planning stage of building a bath.
The passages themselves, through which air flows from the street will enter the steam room, dressing room, shower room and rest room, and the exhaust air and accumulations of carbon monoxide and steam will go outside, will need to be completed during the construction of the bath frame. And here additional elements in the form of gratings, valves to control the intensity of the air supply, as well as fans and other mechanisms, are installed already in the process of final finishing the bath from the inside.
The following parameters affect how efficiently the ventilation system in the bath will work:
- the principle of placement of air duct windows;
- the dimensions of the supply and exhaust openings, which are calculated based on the volume of the room in which they are located, and it does not matter whether it is a shower room, a rest room, a dressing room or a steam room.
Calculation of window sizes for ventilation
It is necessary to calculate the size of the windows for blowing and blowing air, based on the size of a particular bath room, that is, for a steam room, a rest room, a washing room or a dressing room, these indicators will be different. At the same time, it is equally important to provide for the possibility of adjusting the size of such a window and, accordingly, the power of air flows, by installing special grilles and valves.
Note that if the ventilation ducts are made too large, it will be quite difficult to maintain the temperature in the room at an optimal level, which in parallel entails unnecessary costs of electricity or fuel. Yes, and adjusting the gap in the duct, which you need to open the valve, will be quite difficult.
When constructing ventilation in the dressing room of the bath with your own hands, you should start from the estimated value of the blowing window of 24 cm2 per 1 cubic meter of the room. But the hole for blowing should be made bigger size to provide good traction.
It is worth remembering that too much carbon monoxide and humid exhaust air, dangerous to human life, can accumulate in the room if the size of the hood windows is not enough for the full circulation of air flows.
The principle of placement of holes for the hood
The replacement of air in the room occurs due to the gradual rise of the heated air masses up to the ceiling in the direction of the exhaust opening, bringing them outside and the supply of a similar volume of cold fresh heavy air from the street through the supply window.
It is desirable that the direction of the warm air flows coming from the furnace side can be controlled. Therefore, it is advisable to place two holes for blowing in the steam room at once. With the help of valves, it is possible to create a directed heat flow on them, leaving one or another gap in the air ducts.
Schemes for arranging a hood for a bath
The main task of ventilation in the rest room of the bath, as well as in the dressing room and steam room, is to ensure constant air renewal, maintain a constant temperature and humidity, and also remove carbon monoxide to the outside. Since all bath rooms are constantly in contact with high temperatures and humidity, they need to be dried regularly.
However, simply ventilating the steam room and drying the wooden elements is not enough. In order for the wood not to accumulate moisture, a constant, stably operating hood must be organized in the bath. Then it will last much longer and keep hygiene and cleanliness.
Ventilated floor system
To improve air circulation in the steam room, you can equip a ventilated floor.
To organize such a structure, a number of conditions will need to be met:
- air holes must be provided in the foundation of the bath;
- in the boardwalk, you need to leave gaps of 1 cm, sufficient for the passage of air;
- supply channels are located in parallel walls, having previously protected them with gratings;
- the finishing coating is laid out above the level of the blower of the furnace so that it performs the function of an additional hood;
- at the end of the bath procedures in the bath, all doors are left open until the floor is completely dry.
Air exchange in the dressing room
Both the dressing room and the relaxation room are not exposed to the aggressive effects of high temperature and humidity. Therefore, ventilation and air exchange in these rooms is the easiest to do. Here, the method of natural ventilation is used, or the arrangement of additional fans in the exhaust openings connected to the air ducts in the bathroom, vestibule or steam room.
If desired, you can install electronic ventilators. However, they require an electrical connection and direct access to the street.
Extractor in the shower room
Typically, a shower room requires a motorized forced ventilation system to remove accumulated steam and moisture. In this case, the dimensions of the inlet and outlet holes are made the same. The supply channel originates at a level of 2 m above the ground, and the output channel ends above the roof.
Steam room ventilation system
One of the main requirements for the ventilation system in the steam room is the absence of drafts. At the same time, the room should heat up quickly, and the humidity level should be kept at the level necessary for bathing procedures. In this regard, the principle of the location of supply and exhaust openings laid during construction is considered optimal.
The intensity of air flow can be adjusted using valves. At the same time, the large size of the room requires the installation of additional fans for intake or exhaust.
Starting the construction of a bath, each builder must clearly take care of the quality. As a rule, a building of this type must be periodically heated, and besides, it is intended for long-term use. Hours spent in this wonderful place must bring physical and moral satisfaction. Proper ventilation in the dressing room can quite cope with such tasks.
No one will argue that the process of airing this room is able to regulate the degree of air humidity, coordinate the ambient temperature, fill clean air and heat up. Of course, this cannot be done without significant financial costs.
Calculation of the required parameters
It is known that the ventilation of this building is directly dependent on the operation of the stove. Taking into account the fact that the area of the steam room is calculated based on the parameters for each person 4 meters squared. Regarding the height of the ceiling, the opinions of many people are divided. While some make it minimal, others decide exactly the opposite.
Of course, a small and low room heats up much faster. However, it will be difficult to be in an overly cramped bath, in a bent and uncomfortable position, the back and shoulder girdle will quickly get tired. Still, a small amount of space must certainly be above your head. In this case, you can easily wave a broom and take a steam bath with pleasure.
Ventilation in the dressing room of the bath, relating to the firebox of the room, is located in the underground zone and is represented by a specially constructed channel. Its removal can be observed in the place where there is a sheet of metal that protects the bath from possible ignition.
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Ventilation device: features
construction ventilation duct is associated with the systematic work of the box, the diameter of which will be greater than the chimney within 20%. In this embodiment, oxygen will fill the room. The inflow of air from the subfloor is completely excluded. The bath will always be fresh and clean.
In addition, such ventilation can also have an underground purpose. The ventilation box will be located on the outside of the building and clearly face the street. From the inside, it is closed with a special lattice, and from the inside with a mesh material that protects against insects.
The presence of a firebox in the steam room indicates the construction of 2 such boxes, each of which performs its own functions: the first lets air into the room, and the other acts as convection. A very comfortable destination will be the arrangement of the podium. For such purposes, near the wall with the proposed ventilation, a row of bricks in 3 rows is placed on the side. Its height should correspond to 24 cm. This method is built up to the brick screen. The upper part should be covered with a brick. Bricks are not laid at the location of the furnace. In this way, air flows should go under the furnace. Then the end part is mounted. Another box is being built to its logical end, the blower of the stove is fixed in the end part. In order for the floor surface to remain intact and not damaged by accidental hits, something is placed under it.
At the time when the podium is built, a furnace is installed on its base. The heating structure built into the corner space makes it possible to systematically delimit the load of the brick box. It is possible to install the furnace at corner points on iron plates. After that, the heated equipment of the bath should be overlaid and erected. protective screen from brick. It must be equipped with two doors. They provide the steam room with high-quality ventilation and uniform heating of the air.
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Air outlet: additional points
All heating walls of the stove in the dressing room of the bath, called mirrors, are located near the floor.
In this way, you can warm up this part of the building well. Floor heating is obtained due to the radiation of infrared rays of a radiant mirror.
The location of the shelves differs in some nuances: they do not have to be in a vertical position and block the heat from this element in the ceiling area. Furnace equipment is certainly supplied with chimneys in several versions. This will help to absorb the heat in the process of burning the fuel in the best possible way.
Sometimes in the process of warming the bath, you can observe a large amount of smoke in the room. In this case, we can talk about the presence of cooler air in the room compared to the outdoor temperature. As you know, cold air is much more massive than warm air, so its weight is greater. A cool shell of air appears in the chimneys. It must be pushed through so that the furnace is kindled. For such purposes, it is imperative to build a door in the outlet pipe of the stove to help remove unnecessary ash. You can burn paper there. These simple tips help to save the stove equipment of the bath from excess smoke.
The absence of such a device gives rise to airing the locker room in the usual way - by simply opening the doors for a while. As soon as the temperature balances, the stove will heat up. It is quite possible to re-ignite the furnace.
Bath ventilation options: a - air intake above the floor; b - air intake from above; c - air intake from under the floor; d - air intake from the recess.
In such premises of a small area, the dressing room can perform several purposes at the same time. This room is a room for dressing and undressing, rest after taking procedures, a transitional area for going outside. This room can also be adapted to store firewood. Here you can set washing machine. When calculating the dimensions of this room, it is necessary to assume how many people will take water procedures here. It is necessary to take care of the convenience and comfort of people. They must undress and dress without difficulty.
Speaking of window openings, it should be understood that they must be of medium size, their location should not be lower than 1 m from the floor surface. For better heat retention, it is necessary to take care of double glazing of these structures. The doorway should be well finished and usually open outwards. The materials for its manufacture will be traditional bases. Upholstering the door in the dressing room should be from the outside. Additional arrangement of the veranda will also bring significant convenience to the use of this room. In this part of the building you can comfortably relax by placing the necessary furniture for this. In addition, the veranda will keep the bath warm.
Very often, the equipment of the bath is associated with the location of the heating in the next room. This is often done when building a Russian bath. Ventilation with this method is calculated based on these facts:
- service comfort;
- lack of smoke, litter and burning in the room;
- no need to lay firewood every time, moving around the entire bath, thereby letting in cool air;
- heating the steam room, you can also heat the adjacent room, the temperature of the hot compartment should not be changed;
- you can stack and store firewood without problems;
- as a result of installing a door from tempered glass you can add some zest to the interior design; you can put a fireplace here, as the moving flames noticeably soothe nervous system for added comfort and serenity.
To combine the stove with the firebox in the next room, a slot is made from the plane of the wall, which is 3 cm larger than the tunnel for the firebox, finished with bricks. After that, warming measures are carried out with the help of basalt wool. This material contributes to the fact that the wall does not come into contact with a very heated stove, therefore, it is protected.
Ventilation is needed in all rooms, the rules for its installation are prescribed in SNiP 41-01-2003. But they concern only residential, public and industrial premises that create favorable conditions for humans. At the same time, it is taken into account that people stay in such premises for a long period of time and for everyone it is necessary to create the same standard indicators of the microclimate and air quality.
Baths have completely different tasks, they create a stressful microclimate for the body - high temperatures (in Russian baths up to + 60 ° C, in saunas over + 100 ° C) and high humidity (up to 90%). Moreover, in one room, the temperature and humidity indicators should vary widely, depending on the wishes of the washers. Changing the microclimate parameters should be carried out as soon as possible, and the achieved values should be maintained for a relatively long period of time. And another very important difference between the bath and ordinary rooms. If, secondly, people have the opportunity to “protect themselves” from temporary inconveniences with clothes, then this is impossible to do in the baths.
Illustration of the microclimate in a steam room - high temperature and hot steam
Based on these features, the ventilation of baths must perform individual tasks, and this affects the principles of its design and features of operation. Ventilation in the bath can be natural and forced, each type has its own characteristics, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will talk in detail about only one type of ventilation - natural.
We have already found out the tasks of bath ventilation and how it differs from the ventilation of other rooms, now it's time to tell you how they can be achieved. The methods depend on the architectural features of the room and your preferences.
First you need to remember the lessons of physics from school. Ventilation of premises occurs due to the difference in air density in the street and in the room. Warm air has less weight and rises, cold air is heavier and sinks down, so-called convection occurs. Accordingly, in order for the room to be ventilated, hot air must be able to leave, and cold air must be allowed to enter, inlet and outlet openings are needed. These can be ordinary cracks in windows and doors or specially made ventilation holes.
On the Internet, you can find statements that these holes must necessarily have the same dimensions, otherwise the ventilation does not work or “blowing in the wrong direction”. Only those who skipped classes can say that. The ratio of the size of the inlet and outlet of air does not affect the performance of ventilation.
Square ventilation window
If the outlet, for example, can release only 1 m3 of warm air per hour, then exactly the same amount will get into the cold room, no matter what the dimensions of the inlet, and vice versa. And the effect of reverse thrust is obtained in the case of wind backwater or in the complete absence of fresh air. In the first case, a strong external wind "drives" the air into the room, in the second case, after the air leaves the room, a small vacuum is formed, which draws the air back into the room. This is not to say that ventilation is completely absent, it just becomes cyclical and works on a back-to-back basis. Of course, the efficiency of such ventilation approaches zero, the air moves a little only near the holes.
And with these phenomena it is clear, now we will consider specific types of natural ventilation of the bath. Let's start with the simplest ones and work our way up to the more complex ones.
The simplest, but also the least effective method ventilation.
In the steam room, a door opens or a door and a window open at the same time - ventilation occurs quickly, but not in the way we would like. Why?
Steam is removed from the bath, and this has negative consequences.
- Firstly, if you open the door, then the steam does not go out into the street, but into other rooms. Humidity rises sharply in them, heated steam immediately condenses on all surfaces. What can happen next - no need to explain.
- Secondly. Lowering the temperature in the steam room is only a subjective phenomenon. There are two concepts of temperature - actual and perceived. The actual temperature is a physical indicator, the perceived temperature is subjective. We feel the same actual temperature in different ways depending on environmental factors. Increased humidity "increases" the temperature we feel, strong wind lowers it. So, due to simple ventilation, only excess steam can be removed, and the actual air temperature returns to its previous values within a few minutes.
- Thirdly, ventilation will never be able to establish stable indicators of the microclimate in the room. As soon as the doors are closed, the temperature and humidity rise sharply; as soon as the doors are opened, the humidity and temperature also drop sharply.
Bottom line - ventilation is not the method of ventilation that should be used all the time. This is an extreme method, it is recommended to resort to it only in case of urgent need.
This method can be considered more successful, but it is possible only in one case - the furnace of the sauna stove is located in the steam room. Warm air is removed through the firebox and chimney, entry can occur through floor cracks, an ajar window or door. Sometimes at the bottom door leaf a special hole is made, to improve the design it is closed with a decorative grille.
Benefits of ventilating a bath with a stove.
- Ease of execution. There is no need to make special products in the log house. Any additional hole in wooden wall does not improve its performance, and this is to put it mildly. If mistakes were made during the period of making the vents and installing decorative gratings, then the risks of moisture getting onto the crowns of the log house increase. Moisture will dry out for a very long time, and a long stay wooden structures when wet, it negatively affects their strength and durability of use.
- The ability to control the frequency of air exchange in the room. Ventilation is “controlled” by the damper and the stove doors. It is necessary to speed it up - the damper and the furnace door open all the way, the temperature has become favorable - the damper closes a little. You can easily find the optimal position of the gate, the microclimate in the steam room stabilizes, the ventilation rate of the room has stable values.
Stove with gate - photo
- Versatility of application. It does not matter what materials the bath is built from, what its dimensions and architectural features. In addition, this system allows for simple upgrades. For example, it is worth making an inlet behind the stove and the air entering the bath will be slightly warmed up. The exhaust is still the chimney.
There are, of course, disadvantages, we will name the main ones.
- Insufficient performance. It will not be possible to quickly change the temperature or humidity in the steam room.
- The presence of "dead" zones. Mixing of air throughout the volume does not occur, there are zones with drafts and zones with stagnant air.
- Dependence of draft (ventilation) on weather conditions.
Despite some disadvantages, this method of ventilation in combination with ordinary ventilation is very often used in "budget" baths.
For a budget steam room, the best option is to ventilate the stove and ventilate
Airing the bath with a stove - scheme
The best option for ventilation devices for most baths.
Advantages:
Important. It is desirable to think over the ventilation device even before the start of the construction of the bath. Solve questions with the specific placement of holes and their overall dimensions. We advise you to make the height of the ducts no more than the height of the beam, and to adjust the length of the holes.
Prices for bath fans
bath fan
Why is it better to provide ventilation at the construction stage?
- Firstly, it is much more physically difficult to make holes in an already finished building.
Drilling a hole in a log house is a laborious process.
- Secondly, there is a risk that the hole will hit the dowel, especially for the upper outlet air. It is located in close proximity to the Mauerlats of the truss system, and they are fixed more often than ordinary crowns, and only metal bars or pieces of building reinforcement are used as dowels.
- Thirdly, if you make a hole with a metal crown, then an expensive tool will fail after a “meeting” with a dowel. And it will not always be possible to “reanimate” a chisel or chisel after trying to cut through the metal.
- Fourthly, the metal dowel in this place is almost impossible to cut off. You can’t get close with a grinder, with a hacksaw as well, but you won’t wish the enemy to cut with a file. We'll have to poke the air in another place. And who needs an extra hole in the bath wall or an increase in its size? Especially if you have already made holes in the outer and inner skin and bought ventilation grilles under its “planned” dimensions. "Meeting" with a metal dowel is a very unpleasant situation from all points of view.
Variants of placement and sizes of ventilation products
For all natural ventilation products, there are several general rules. Firstly, in order to improve the efficiency of the system, the cold air inlets should be located at the bottom of about 20 centimeters from the floor level. The exit holes should be placed at the maximum height - under the ceiling or on the ceiling. Secondly, the mixing of different layers of air in the volume of the steam room is improved if the inlet and outlet are located at the maximum distance from each other, preferably along the diagonal of the room. Where are they recommended to be installed?
It can be done at the bottom of the steam room door leaf.
Advantages - there is no need to make an extra hole in the wall of the bath. This saves time and effort, in addition, the possibility of getting wet of the lower rims of the log house is excluded. The disadvantage is that in most cases the doors are located opposite the shelves for taking bath procedures, cold air flows appear, creating a number of inconveniences.
Under the shelf
Advantages - the inlet is imperceptible, cold air flows are well mixed with warm air throughout the volume. The disadvantage is that access to the grate for opening / closing the damper is more difficult. If during washing it is possible to regulate the intensity of ventilation only with the help of the upper grate, then after airing the baths, both should be closed. And this means that after some time you will have to visit the steam room specifically to close the vent.
Important. The dampers on the ventilation openings must be installed two for each - outside and inside the steam room. After airing the baths, both should be closed. Choose a grille installation technology that guarantees complete tightness of the external dampers. It is strictly forbidden to get atmospheric moisture on the crowns of the log house.
Behind the oven.
Air inlet behind the furnace - diagram
Most best option. Cold air from the street hits the stove, warms up a little and breaks into several separate and low-speed flows. Drafts are completely eliminated. Disadvantages - it is not always possible to install decorative grilles in this place. If the stove is close to the wall, then the high temperature adversely affects the plastic or wooden materials decorative lattice. In addition, according to safety regulations, such places behind the stove must be insulated with sheet metal using thermal insulation.
Doesn't fit your particular case? No problem, make a hole where you see fit.
As for the outlet, there are fewer problems with its placement. Our only advice - do not do it in the ceiling. Waterlogged air cannot be taken out to the attic, it will cause constant wetting of the wooden elements of the truss system, and its premature repair always costs a pretty penny. To protect the rafters, moist air will have to be brought to the roof. Why make an additional hole in the coating, why worsen the tightness of the roof coating with your own hands and at your own expense?
Dimensions of openings for natural ventilation
The technology for calculating the dimensions of ventilation openings is indicated in the current regulations. Determining the size of vents for natural ventilation is much more difficult than for forced ventilation - there are too many factors beyond the control of people. Main parameter performance of the ventilation system - the frequency of air changes. For residential premises, the minimum value of the multiplicity is regulated, while both the temperature in the rooms and the temperature outside are taken into account. The temperature in residential premises fluctuates within insignificant limits, which simplifies the work of designers.
In pairs, the situation is much more complicated - the temperature and humidity indicators vary over a very wide range. In addition, the rate of arrival / entry of air in different situations may differ significantly. Such preconditions make it almost impossible to accurately calculate the optimum air exchange rate for natural ventilation.
Some bath owners are afraid to suffocate while taking bath procedures due to lack of oxygen. We bring to their attention that one cubic meter air is enough for one person to breathe for an hour and a half. Calculate the cubic capacity of the steam room and find out how long you can safely steam, the bill goes to tens of hours.
Carbon monoxide can cause problems. If you closed the stove gate before the firewood is completely burned out, then no ventilation will help. It can ventilate the room only if there is no more carbon monoxide coming in. Heat the stove correctly and never burn out, do not rely in vain on ventilation.
How to make a ventilation hole in the wall of the bath
For example, we will take the most difficult option- the external and internal lining of the walls of the bath has already been done. The hole can be round, square or rectangular.
Step 1. Mark the location of the vent on the inner lining of the steam room. Before starting work, you must not only know the location of the hole, but also its dimensions and configuration. It is desirable that air ducts and decorative grilles are available, this will make it possible to accurately control the size of the hole and not do extra work.
Step 2 Prepare long drill on wood, the working length must exceed the thickness of the bath wall together with the outer and inner lining. In the center of the drawn contour of the vent, drill a through hole from the inside of the steam room. The exit of the drill outside the steam room will be the center of the air. Draw around it the dimensions of the hole, similarly made in the steam room.
Step 3 Remove elements of internal and outer skin in contour. If your bath is sheathed on both sides with natural clapboard, then the process is simplified, just carefully cut the boards. If externally used metal sheets- use the grinder.
Step 4 Carefully inspect the supporting structures of the skin, if they are damaged, repair. Drill along the contour of the ventilation duct as close to each other as possible. through holes, constantly check where they exit from the outside of the wall. The drill must always be perpendicular to the plane. Drill the same holes over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe vent, the more there are, the easier it is to make a hole in the wall.
Video - How to drill a large diameter hole in a tree
Step 5. Next, you need to work with a chisel and a chisel, gradually remove the wooden bridges between the holes. It will not be possible to completely gouge a hole on one side of the wall - it is too difficult to reach with a tool. Do half of the work from the inside of the steam room, and the other half from the outside. It is not necessary to carefully level the surfaces of the holes, the main thing is that the air duct fits easily into the channel.
The most difficult physical work is done, you can proceed with the installation of the duct and gratings. Don't be discouraged if it takes a long time to make holes, even experienced builders can rarely prepare more than two holes a day.
How to install ducts and grilles
For air ducts, you can take metal galvanized or plastic pipes, the length is determined by the length of the passage. Select the grate according to the size of the hole; to adjust the ventilation efficiency, it must have dampers.
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duct
Step 1. mineral wool insulate the planes of the hole, carefully insert the air duct into place. In order to firmly fix the pipe in the desired position, use mounting foam. Excess foam that has come out should be cut off after hardening.
Step 2 If there is waterproofing between the sheathing and the wall, foam the gap between the wall and the hole in the sheathing with foam, it will seal the cut and prevent water from entering the wooden structures.
Step 3 Fasten the gratings, the method of fastening depends on the material of manufacture of the wall cladding and the crate.
We fix the ventilation grilles. In the photo - the grill on the outside of the bath
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mineral wool
Check ventilation with a smoldering firebrand or other source of smoke. Bring it to the inlet and observe how and at what speed the air flows in the steam room.
In the photo, the air inflow valve and its performance check
Experiment with natural ventilation at various shutter positions, from maximum to minimum.
Video - Installing the KPV 125 valve
Video - Ventilation in a bath with a Termofor air conditioner
