Growing honey agaric on the windowsill. Technology of growing honey mushrooms all year round at home Honey mushrooms growing in the cellar

Summer and winter mushrooms can be easily grown on their own. Planting mycelium (mycelium) is bought both in specialized stores and on the Internet.

Usually, a winter type of edible mushrooms, the so-called flammulina, is chosen for breeding at home. The most common are three simple ways of growing, technologically different from each other: on stumps or logs, in banks, in the basement.

Stump breeding technology

Growing mushrooms on stumps

In this case, a remarkable positive difference is that it does not require large financial investments and the ease of execution is affordable for anyone.

Landing mushrooms on stumps (logs) in open field in the garden or in the country it is most favorable in the warm season from April to September inclusive, indoors, if logs are used, the mycelium of mushrooms can be planted all year round.

For planting mushrooms in the country, it is worth choosing a shady place. Otherwise, they will need to be covered with straw or hay. Only deciduous tree stumps are used: aspen, birch, poplar, hornbeam, beech, apple, acacia, pear.

It is important that the tree is cut down no later than a month before the start of work. Also, there should be no signs of decay, they should be quite wet, with bark, but without branches. If the stumps are dry, then they need to be thoroughly soaked in water for 2-3 days.

For several days, excess water is allowed to drain and ventilated in partial shade. Then, in a checkerboard pattern, using a drill, holes are made over the entire surface of the stump with a depth of 5-6 cm and a diameter of 0.8-1 cm. Small pieces of mushroom mycelium will be planted in these recesses.

They are covered with moss or branches. Periodically, in order to prevent the stump from drying out, the ground around it must be watered. With this method, the mycelium germinates slowly, therefore, to stimulate growth, it is recommended to cover them with a greenhouse film, which is nailed with small nails for fixation.

Good to know: mushrooms like to grow only on dead wood, for garden trees growing honey mushrooms in the country is absolutely harmless.

The result is expected next year at the beginning of summer, and then you can collect mushrooms regularly for 5-7 years until the stump or log is completely destroyed. At first, the mushroom harvest will be small, but gradually it increases by 2-4 times.

Technology of growing in glass jars

Growing mushrooms in jars

The method is perfect even for city apartments. For the base you will need: 1 part bran and 3 parts sawdust exclusively deciduous trees. But other combinations of one part are possible:

• sawdust;
• buckwheat husk;
• sunflower husk;
• crushed corn cobs.

Husks and cobs are allowed to be used as an independent base. Boil everything together in water. When the sawdust drains a little and cools down, a nutrient mass is added to enhance the growth of mushrooms in the jar. For 1 kg of sawdust you need to take:

• 8 gr. starch;
• 25 gr. oatmeal;
• 25 gr. corn flour.

Then the jars are tightly filled with the resulting mass by 2/3 of the volume, sterilized in a large saucepan over low heat for at least 2 hours. After cooling to 25°C, deepenings of 5-7 cm are made with a sterile stick and the mycelium of mushrooms is introduced. After the banks are placed in a dark place with constant temperature regime 24°C and 85% humidity.

To avoid drying out, the contents are covered with a lid with a hole, which is covered with cotton wool. When the mycelium germinates, the jars are moved to a cooler place or the temperature in the room is lowered to 14-16 ° C. They attach paper in the form of a cuff to the neck of the jar and wait for the harvest to appear.

Take note: planting material must be of high quality and sterile. It is produced under special conditions and packed in breathable bags with a biofilter.

When the mushrooms sprout from the jar by 5-7 cm, the cuffs are removed and the mushrooms are cut off. The yield is 25-30 percent of the original volume of the wet substrate.

The containers are closed again and left for glazed balcony. After 20-30 days, you can expect new mushrooms.

Basement growing technology

Growing mushrooms in the basement

For the third method of growing mushrooms at home, use the basement. The room must be prepared in advance. Whiten with lime or treat with 4% formalin solution to prevent insects and mold.

Provide forced ventilation with a power of about 25 kW or make ventilation ducts to the surface.

If mushrooms are grown in the basement all year round, it is necessary to provide a heater to maintain optimum temperature 24-26°C. For the substrate mixture, you can choose:

• chopped straw;
• sawdust;
• foliage of trees;
• seed husks.

Steam the substrate with boiling water for 6-12 hours and after cooling, mix with 300 g of small mycelium. Divide into dense plastic bags 5-15 kg each, tie them up and lower them into the basement. After 3 days, you need to make several holes in the bags of 4-6 cm or completely remove the bag from the substrate.

On the 12-16th day sprouted fruiting bodies of mushrooms will be visible. Now they need to provide sufficient access to light and reduce the temperature to 14-16 ° C. On such a home mini-farm, subject to the technology, in 1.5-2 months you can square meter collect up to 20 kg of mushrooms.

Note: the room where mushrooms are grown should be well ventilated and at the same time a constant temperature and humidity should be maintained.

How to grow mushrooms at home, see the following video:

ratings, average:

For growing mushrooms at home, it is preferable to choose a winter look - flammulina. It is adapted to the conditions of a house or apartment, undemanding to lighting. Like other mushrooms, it prefers high humidity and low temperatures.

Description of flammulina

Suitable conditions can be created in the basement, in the insulated attic, on the glazed loggia or in the garage. In a small amount, it is possible to grow winter mushrooms on the windowsill.

The color of the hat depends on the brightness of the light. The brighter the light, the brighter the color. With a lack of light, the mushrooms do not stain, remain white, but at the same time, the taste and beneficial features are not lost.

Flammulina differs from other species in that not only hats are eaten, but also velvety legs. The lower part is removed, leaving a length of about 4-7 cm. The leg has a delicate texture, and the taste does not differ from the cap.

These mushrooms contain a large number of weak toxic substances, so it is undesirable to eat them raw. The recommended cooking time is 20-25 minutes, after which the toxins are completely destroyed.

Cut mushrooms keep in the refrigerator for 5-6 days. They can be fried, pickled and dried. After heat treatment, they do not lose their nutritional and taste qualities.

Substrate preparation

For sowing mycelium, you can buy finished block in specialized mall, or you can prepare the substrate yourself.

You will need:

• sawdust or shavings from trees hardwood- 3 parts (can be replaced with leaf litter or straw, oak and conifers are not suitable for growing mushrooms);
• oats, pearl barley, barley, bran or chopped corn cobs - 1 part;
• chalk or lime at the rate of 1 teaspoon per 300 g of substrate;
• starch, corn or oatmeal - 1 tablespoon per 300 g of the mixture, it is necessary to enhance the nutritional properties.

The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, poured with warm water to swell, left for 10 minutes. Then it is boiled over low heat for 40-50 minutes to kill spores of other fungi and pathogens of fungal infections. To avoid burning, add water little by little.

After boiling, the water is drained, the substrate is left on fire to evaporate excess liquid. The finished mixture should be damp, but not wet.

Mycelium seeding

One- and two-liter jars or strong plastic bags with a volume of at least 2 liters are suitable for growing honey agarics. The resulting mixture fill the container by 2/3 of the volume.

With a disinfected stick, holes are made in the substrate 5 cm deep, no more than 1 in diameter. Calculate required amount mycelium is not difficult - it should be 2-7% by weight of the mixture.

The holes made are filled with mycelium. The temperature of the mixture at this point should be 25°.

Another way - when the substrate has cooled to 25 °, mycelium is added to it and gently mixed with a sterilized wooden spatula. After that, the containers are filled.

The jars are closed with polyethylene lids, in which a hole with a diameter of 1 cm is first made. The gases emitted by the spores of the fungus will escape through the hole. In order to prevent the evaporation of moisture, the hole is covered with a cotton plug.

The cotton plug should not fit very tightly into the hole or be tight. It needs to be fluffed up a bit.

When growing flammulina in bags, they must be tied up, leaving a small hole. It is also sealed with a cork.

Conditions for sprouting mycelium

The container is placed in a dark place where the temperature is maintained at about 25 °. After 2-3 weeks, the mycelium will germinate and fruiting bodies will form on it.

The jar is transferred to a brighter place, the air temperature should be about 15 °. This may be a window on the north side, a glazed loggia.

The lid is removed from the jar, the package is untied. Humidity is maintained by regular spraying of caps and substrate. If drops of honey color appear on the hats, then watering is excessive. Availability white plaque indicates that there is not enough moisture.

If it is planned to grow winter mushrooms in the basement or garage, their walls are first whitewashed with lime or treated with formalin for disinfection. Forced ventilation and an air heater must be installed in the room.

When the hats appear above the container, a thick paper ring is put on the neck. This prevents the mushrooms from falling apart and allows them to grow as high as possible.

The mushroom ripening period is 45 days from the moment of sowing the mycelium. Cut the mushrooms at the level of the neck of the jar. The legs remaining inside are carefully removed, and the substrate is moistened and again covered with a lid. New mushrooms will grow in 3 weeks.

In one container, you can harvest 3-4 times, then the mixture is depleted, and it should be replaced.

For continuous receipt harvest, mycelium should be populated in separate containers at intervals of 10 days. Then the mushrooms can be cut much more often.

Growing mushrooms in stumps and on logs

The method of growing mushrooms in stumps is used in the garden. It is recommended to populate the mycelium summer species again.

A stump from a hardwood tree is suitable. You can use a log or log. It should be cut down in 2-3 months and dry a little. It is necessary to check that there is no mold and other fungi; mushrooms are not bred on diseased stumps.

It is impossible to place mycelium on living trees, this will lead to the death of the tree.

Several holes are drilled in the stump, 5 cm deep, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Pieces of mycelium are carefully placed in them. You can pre-crush it and mix it with wet sawdust. From above, the holes are covered with moss or hay.

If a log is used, then cuts up to 6 cm deep are made on it, keeping a distance of 15–20 cm between them. Lay lying down, deepening into the ground by 1/5.

The place of cultivation of mushrooms should be shady and not flooded. Care is constant watering. To retain moisture, a stump or log can be covered with cellophane and secured so that the wind does not blow it away. For the winter, the film is removed, and instead of it, a shelter is made of coniferous spruce branches, leaf litter or white agrofiber.

Mushrooms grown on stumps will be ready for harvest in 2 years. The duration of fruiting is about 5-6 years. After this time, the stump usually rots.

Conclusion

When growing mushrooms at home, you should follow the recommendations:

• growing temperature is not higher than 15 ° (low temperature for flammulina is not terrible, but its growth slows down);
• required condition - high humidity, from 85%;
• it is necessary to sterilize the jars and the substrate, otherwise inedible mushrooms may grow instead of mushrooms or mold will appear;
• tools (wooden peg, spoon, knife) must be disinfected;
• it is not recommended to eat flammulins raw, the minimum heat treatment time is 20 minutes.

Compliance with these rules is a prerequisite for growing winter mushrooms at home.

Honey mushrooms are one of the most popular mushrooms, as they can not only be collected in the forest, but also grown independently in your country house or balcony. Summer and winter variety honey agaric is best suited for breeding at home. They are not whimsical and do not require much effort even for a beginner.

What conditions do mushrooms grow in?

Conditions for growth again are easy to arrange both at home and on suburban area or vegetable garden. Best time for disembarkation planting material outdoors it is in april-may or in august, and in the house ( warm balcony, basement) throughout the year.

Honey mushrooms are considered the most delicious and fragrant mushrooms.

Air temperature at different stages growth should be from +10 to +25°C.

With uniform and high level moisture, the mycelium develops rapidly, which favorably affects the growth of fungi. The building should be well ventilated, it can be a window or built-in ventilation. The light for the growth of mushrooms is not needed bright, it can be grown almost in semi-darkness. Only then the caps of the mushrooms will be pale, but this will not affect their taste. In the country for planting mushrooms, it is better to choose a shady place so that the wood on which the mycelium is located does not dry out.

Methods of growing honey mushrooms in their summer cottage

You can grow mushrooms in the following ways:

• in the basement on bags;
• on logs;
• in greenhouses;
• in banks;
• on the stump

In the basement on bags

The room must be disinfected before boarding. In the basement all year round should be good ventilation. IN winter time it needs to be heated.

Growing mushrooms in bags

For soil for sowing mycelium use:

• crushed straw;
• foliage trees;
• woody sawdust;
• husk seeds;
• ready blocks substrate.

All herbal ingredients are steamed hot water for 12 hours for disinfection from pests and mold. After cooling, add the mycelium mushrooms (according to the manufacturer's instructions) and mix thoroughly. After that, the mixture is laid out in dense plastic bags from 5 to 50 kg. Tied packages are stacked on racks or hung in the basement.

After three days, holes about 5-6 cm long are cut in the bags. After 14-20 days, the mushrooms will germinate and become noticeable.

For normal growth of mushrooms at this stage, good lighting, high humidity and a temperature of +14 to +16 ° C are necessary.

on logs

They can grow mushrooms both outdoors and indoors at temperatures from +10 to +25°C. A log from a larch tree should not be rotten, but damp and with bark. Length 300-500 mm, diameter 200-500 mm. If it is dry, then it is soaked in water for two or three days. Then they pull it out and let the water drain.

Preparation of logs for growing mushrooms

There are three ways to grow mushrooms on logs:

1. Holes are made in logs 1 cm in size, 4 cm long and at a distance of 10-12 cm from each other. Mycelium on wood sticks is inserted into them. Hands must be absolutely clean. After that, the logs are wrapped with plastic wrap, having made several holes in it so that air can pass inside. Then they are transferred to a damp darkened room. At 20 ° heat, the log will be overgrown with mycelium again within 3-4 months.
2. On the backyard from the shady side dig a hole 15 cm deep and water it. Then wood is laid in it with a mushroom stick laid in a horizontal position. Sprinkle the soil around the planting wood ash to scare away the snails. Watering is carried out regularly so that the earth does not dry out. Covered with leaves in winter.

Growing mushrooms on logs

1. You can also prepare a log plant in a tub or barrel of earth, and put on the balcony. For normal growth, you need to constantly maintain a temperature of +10 to +25 ° C and high humidity.

A hygrometer is used to determine the percentage of humidity.

in the greenhouse

Hotbeds and greenhouses are well suited in terms of temperature and humidity levels for growing mushrooms. Logs, stumps, logs are moistened and placed in a greenhouse. After that, holes are made in the wood and myceliums are laid, or they can be watered with a solution containing fungal spores. Planting is watered regularly to maintain moisture, and also monitor the temperature. Also in greenhouses you can grow mushrooms in jars, bags or on substrate blocks.

in banks

This method of growing mushrooms allows you to do without personal plots. The jar can be placed on the balcony or on the windowsill.

Growing mushrooms in jars

A substrate is made for the growth of mycelium- a mixture of sawdust (preferably larch) and bran in a ratio of 3: 1. For one day it is filled with water, then squeezed and not strongly compacted.

To prevent infection of the mycelium with mold, the jar with the substrate is sterilized in hot water In one hour.

After the mixture has cooled, a deepening is made in it with a clean stick to the bottom of the jar and the mushroom mycelium is placed. The container is closed with a lid with holes and covered wet cotton to maintain moisture. The jar is cleaned in a dark and warm place. Moisturize as it dries.

The mushroom picker will germinate in a month, and after 15-20 days the first mushrooms will appear. As soon as the mushrooms sprout, the container is placed on the windowsill on the north side, or darkened from the sun. When they grow to the lid, it is removed and the neck of the jar is wrapped with a wide strip of cardboard. This will help the mushrooms to hold on during growth. Mushrooms are sprayed with water to maintain moisture. As they grow, the crop is cut off, and the remaining legs are pulled out. After 14-20 days, new mushrooms will grow.

Growing on a stump

Planting mycelium on a stump is done in a warm, but not hot season. In the forest, on old stumps or tree trunks, a mycelium is found and a part of it is separated along with a piece of wood. For planting, notches are cut out in the stump, and pieces of mycelium 1-2 cm in size are laid. Then cover with wet moss or sawdust. The soil around it is watered, preventing drying out.

Spore breeding method

Caps of overripe mushrooms with a dark brown color below are selected. Put them in a container and pour clean water for 24 hours. Then, without getting them out of the water, rub them with your hands. The resulting mass is filtered. A solution containing spores is poured over stumps or logs with notches made in them. Thanks to them, the wood is better saturated. Then they are covered with wet moss or sawdust. Spores germinate for a long time, mushrooms will grow only after 1-2 years. After the mycelium has grown on wood or stumps, it can be propagated. To do this, its part is carefully separated and transplanted to a new place.

Mycelium honey agaric

You need to buy mycelium only in specialized stores, since the goods are stored in them in right conditions. If during the cultivation of winter mushrooms in containers, the temperature rises high, then they should be put in the refrigerator for several days. The temperature should not exceed +8°С, but not less than +4°С.

Many mushroom lovers try to grow mushrooms at home. Not everyone succeeds. So, how to grow mushrooms in the country? It is recommended to start landing with the choice of a place and its preparation. These mushrooms grow best on dead wood. However, if desired, you can use a special substrate.

Why mushrooms

Honey mushrooms are quite tasty mushrooms that can be grown not only in the summer cottage, but also on the balcony. The main thing is to observe the technology of germination and planting. Such mushrooms have tender and fragrant pulp. Mushrooms are often used to make soups, stir-fries and various sauces. After all, the product retains its unique flavor even after heat treatment.

In addition, growing mushrooms is an occupation that can bring a good income. In Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Germany, this kind of business is quite common. However, in these countries, a special paste is used as planting material. It is not yet possible to purchase such a substance in our stores.

Where to grow in the garden

Since it is not so easy to grow mushrooms in the country, it is worth preparing the place in advance. For germination, stumps from old ones are ideal. fruit trees or damp chocks that lay under a pile of firewood and were in contact with the ground.

If there is nothing suitable on the site, then rotten, rotten boards will do. Also, some summer residents practice growing mushrooms on sawdust.

The choice of material for planting

Growing mushrooms on stumps is a simple process, but a long one. The main thing is to choose the right type of wood. Best of all, summer mushrooms germinate on birch stumps. This material retains a large amount of moisture even after cutting. At the same time, the dense bark protects the wood from drying out.

If mushrooms are planted in the garden, then it is worth using the stumps of old pears and apple trees for these purposes. Mushrooms also grow well on alder, aspen and poplar chocks. It is worth considering that mushrooms are capable of destroying any stump in 6 years.

Do not use pine and spruce for growing this type of mushroom.

Preparation and landing

How to grow mushrooms in the country? First you need to infect the old stump with spores of the fungus. It is not difficult. This will require hats of already adult mushrooms. They must be laid out with plates down on Blank sheet paper. Disputes should spill out of the hats. They look like dark dust. Disputes are recommended to be poured into a bottle of water and shake well.

It is also worth preparing the stump itself in advance. It is worth sawing off a round timber from it, the thickness of which should be from 3 to 5 centimeters. After that, the upper part of the stump must be cut crosswise. This can be done with an axe. The more cracks that form, the better.

Now it remains to infect the stump with spores. This is done quite simply. It is necessary to water the prepared wood with water in which the spores are honey mushrooms. After that, it is worth nailing the round timber on top, which was sawn off from the stump.

Sprouting in bags

Since not everyone is able to grow mushrooms in the country in the first way, it is worth thinking about their germination in a greenhouse. To do this, half-rotten pieces of wood should be placed in the corner of the structure. They also need to be watered with water, which contains honey mushroom spores. After some time, the wood should be transferred to bags and placed in a dark place in a woodpile. In the spring, the ends, as well as those places where the bark was damaged, should be covered with mycelium. The material is ready for planting.

How to grow mushrooms in the country from mycelium

The wood on which the mycelium appeared must be placed in the place where the landing is planned. It should be well protected from wind and direct sunlight. In this way, honey agaric is germinated winter and summer. The mycelium of the fungus must penetrate the soil. From there, he will receive additional moisture. Therefore, it is recommended to dig chocks with mycelium into the soil by 2/3 of the height. The distance between pieces of wood should be from 10 to 15 centimeters.

In order for winter or summer honey agaric to germinate, it is necessary to regularly water the chocks. This is especially true in dry and hot weather. It is recommended to water the blanks for 5 minutes once an hour. At the same time, it is necessary to moisten the wood from 12 to 17 hours of the day. By night, the chocks should dry well.

Method three

To grow mushrooms on the site, you need to collect mature mushroom caps. They are recommended to be placed in a container and filled with water. Hats should stand for several days. After that, the water from the container should be drained and filtered. The resulting infusion must be soaked in advance prepared pieces of wood or stumps. In addition, ripe mushroom caps can be laid out on the surface of the material. After two days, they can be removed.

It is worth noting that this method is not suitable for everyone, since the germination process is very slow. The first harvest of mushrooms planted in this way can only be obtained by the end of the next season.

Sprouting mycelium

There is also a less time-consuming method of germinating mushrooms. This will require not only rotten stumps or chocks, but also a mycelium. At the same time, the growth of summer mushrooms proceeds more intensively. You can find mycelium in the forest. This must be done at the beginning of June. Take only the area marked active growth mycelium. As a rule, in such places you can see a large number of threads that have cream or white shade. In addition, there should be a strong smell of mushrooms. It is worth collecting mycelium along with pieces of wood.

Such blanks must be placed in notches on logs or stumps. To prevent the mycelium from dying, it is recommended to cover the landing site with shingles, moss or bark. For better germination, the stump or log should be covered with a film. This method allows you to get the first harvest of mushrooms by the beginning of the next season. It is best to infect wood with summer honey fungus in autumn or early summer.

Growing features

The technology of growing mushrooms in the country is quite simple. However, there are some features. Such mushrooms should be covered with breathable material. If desired, you can knock down a loose box of boards, agril, slab. Also for these purposes, burlap or paper is suitable.

If the stumps are left from a freshly cut tree, then they do not need to be further processed. You can immediately start infecting them with spores again. If the top of the stump is dry, then it must be soaked. To do this, the wood is regularly watered for several days. Spores are planted only after the material has gained enough moisture.

The first mushrooms at proper fit should appear in June. They are usually harvested before September. However, it should be noted that in the first year there will be few mushrooms. The yield of mushrooms largely depends on the degree of growth of the mycelium, the quality of the wood and weather conditions. In the second year, the number of mushrooms can increase 4 times.

If mushrooms are planted in the garden, then you should choose a darkened place where the sun's rays do not penetrate. If the stump is not located in the shade, then it is recommended to cover it. To do this, you can use hay or straw.

Of the entire mushroom kingdom, mushrooms stand out not only for their beautiful palatability and rapid growth, but also suitability for artificial cultivation. Moreover, this process is so accessible and exciting that even children can engage in mushroom growing. How to organize a mushroom garden and consistently receive from it generous harvests- we will tell further.

Technology

Breeding mushrooms at home is possible in several ways. Often, banks, plastic bags, felled logs or greenhouses are used for this. The choice of technology depends on the method of obtaining seed.

Did you know? Mushrooms appeared before dinosaurs - about 400 million years ago. In fact, along with ferns, they belong to the most ancient inhabitants of the planet.

For sowing mushrooms, you can use the fruiting body of the fungus or mycelium. Each of the options compares favorably with its economy and minimal costs.

From the fruiting body

To breed mushrooms from the fruiting body, you will need to remove the hats from old overripe specimens. As a rule, their diameter reaches 8 cm, and back side distinguished by a dark brown color.

After harvesting the raw material, it is soaked with water, and after 24 hours (without preliminary straining and washing), mushroom caps are kneaded directly in a bowl to a mushy consistency.

Then the resulting liquid is passed through a two-layer gauze. The role of seed material will go to this talker, which is collected in a glass container, and then watered with wood on stumps or logs.

Experienced mushroom pickers advise making small indentations on the blanks before sowing. They are needed in order to collect liquid with fungal spores in them. When the stumps are sown, all grooves on their surface must be covered with wet moss or sawdust, without affecting the ends.

The method is great for growing mushrooms indoors at any time of the year.

Video: how to get mycelium from the fruiting body of a mushroom

Did you know? No matter how strange it may sound, mushrooms can sunbathe; while they produce vitamin D. Under conditions good lighting the cap is covered with a uniform tan.

From mycelium

If, during a “quiet hunt” in the forest, you managed to find a small piece of rotten wood with mycelium, you can try to breed mushrooms from it at home. To do this, you need to divide the forest find into pieces 2x2 cm in size. They will serve as grafting material, which must be laid in the holes made on the sides of the stump.

After sowing, they are closed, as in the first version, with moss. In this case, it is important to wrap the end sides of the stump with a plastic bag. It will help to maintain the desired indicators of heat and humidity.

The use of mycelium is effective only in autumn period. Consequently, with the onset of cold weather, wood with a mushroom garden will need to be covered with coniferous branches. If the stump is on the street, in the spring with the onset of a thaw, the mycelium may be damaged by melt water. To prevent this from happening, it is important to monitor the ends of the stump and protect them from excess moisture. To this end, you need to regularly clean the wood and spruce branches from snow.

It is necessary to remove the covering structure from a log sown with mycelium in the second decade of June - for summer mushrooms, and in the last weeks of July - for winter ones. During this period, mushrooms enter the fruiting phase.

The advantage of this technology is the ability to grow mushrooms outdoors.

Video: how to grow mushrooms from an old stump

Novice mushroom growers should take into account that of the many varieties of mushrooms, only summer and winter variations are suitable for artificial cultivation. In cramped areas, the latter option is especially popular, since it does not require special conditions for germination.

Summer mushrooms, unlike their winter counterparts, need special cellars, hangars or boxes. In addition, the room will need to create a favorable microclimate. If the large-scale production of mushrooms is not included in your plans, it is enough to acquire massive branches, old stumps, or ordinary shavings.

You can go the other way - install particles of an infected stump in a hole.
Next - several short logs of the same height to tie and "plant" in a hole.
Place such "stumps" at a distance of 1-1.5 m

Conditions

If you put sown in the apartment mushroom mycelium log and wait for a harvest from it, it is unlikely that anything will come of it. In order for mushrooms to stably bear fruit, you need to take care of favorable conditions. For this you need:

• a free area of ​​​​about 15-20 square meters (a greenhouse, a cellar, an open area in the yard and even an ordinary window sill will do);
• high air humidity (ideally - 70-80%);
• constant temperature at 10-15°C in winter and 20-25°C in summer;
• uniform, but not too bright lighting (if we are talking about cultivation again on open areas, stumps are recommended to be placed in shady areas of the yard - mushrooms should not dry out and fall under direct sunlight);
• the possibility of ventilation (otherwise, excess accumulated carbon dioxide will not allow the mycelium to develop).

Did you know? Mushrooms are considered the largest living things on earth. This theory is supported by findings recorded in the states of Wisconsin and Oregon. In the first case, in 1985, local residents stumbled upon a giant White mushroom who weighed 140 kilograms. To embrace himtwo adults I had to hold hands. Second find- a huge Oregon mycelium, which occupied an area of ​​​​900 hectares and weighed several hundred tons.

Stable temperature and high humidity in the basement - ideal for growing mushrooms

Substrate preparation

Mushrooms will not grow in anything. For their successful cultivation in an artificial environment, you will need to prepare a special soil. Typically, it is placed in glass jars, bags, or in special greenhouse blocks.

The substrate for the mushroom garden is prepared from 2 parts of small sawdust (can be replaced with husks sunflower seeds) and 1 part shavings. All ingredients are mixed well, then boiled in water. Then the chip-sawdust mixture is thrown into a colander and cooled.

You should get a mass with a mushy consistency. It will need to add starch, as well as corn and oatmeal. The amount of all nutritional supplements is calculated in the ratio of 8:25:25 for each kilogram of substrate. This substrate is ideal for growing mushrooms in jars.

If you have the opportunity to do mushroom growing in greenhouse conditions, you will need to prepare a substrate block from sawdust, oats or barley, chalk or lime grits. It is important to use sawdust from hardwood trees.

Video: composite substrate for growing mushrooms in a jar, sowing

Important! Summer mushrooms are planted from May to August.

All components are mixed in a certain sequence:

1. First, 200 g of dry sawdust is poured into 2 liters cold water and cook on low heat for about 2 hours.
2. In the mass cooled to 25 ° C, add 70 g of oats and 1 teaspoon of chalk (or their substitutes).
3. The mixture is well mixed and packed in plastic bags.

Ways

Based on the conditions of the artificial environment in which you plan to grow mushrooms, choose suitable way. Glass jars, greenhouses and ordinary stumps are especially popular with modern mushroom growers. Note that the first method can be implemented on kitchen window, the second - in a special room, and the third - on a personal plot. Let us consider in more detail the technology of cultivation of mushrooms of each of them.

In the bank

The advantage of canned production is the uselessness of large areas, low cost and availability of technology. It is effective only for winter varieties of mushrooms (flamulin) and is carried out as follows:

1. The prepared substrate fills the jars by 2 thirds and compacts it.
2. Then glass containers sent for sterilization. Banks are placed in a large pot of boiling water and simmered over low heat for about 60 minutes. The procedure is necessary for the disinfection of the soil. In the morning it is desirable to repeat it.
3. When the containers have cooled, you need to make a recess in the substrate to the very bottom. This requires a sterile wooden stick appropriate length. Thus, a hole for the mycelium is obtained. Ideally, its diameter should not exceed 2 cm.
4. Mycelium is placed into the hole using a medical syringe.
5. The jar is closed with a nylon lid with holes and placed in a warm place where the air temperature is not higher than 24 ° C. In this case, humidity at the level of 85-90% is important. Therefore, to ensure constant humidity, the lid is covered with wet cotton wool.
6. Shoots will appear in about a month, and after 2.5 weeks after that you can see the first mushrooms. When the sprouts stretch out, the banks will need to be rearranged to the northern windows. It is desirable that the temperature in the room be at the level of 14-15 ° C.
7. The lids are removed when the mushrooms begin to reach the neck of the jar. It is important to wrap this part of the container with a strip of cardboard from the inside. This technique will help to keep the mushrooms with a strong growth of mycelium.
8. As your mushroom garden develops, spray it periodically with water. This will help maintain the right level of moisture.
9. You need to harvest the cut legs. Their remnants are pulled out. And after 14-17 days, new mushrooms appear.

About 1.5 kg of mushrooms can be collected from one three-liter jar.

Video: how to grow mushrooms in a jar

Important! If it is a pity to spend jars on mushroom production, you can try to cultivate mushrooms in a pumpkin. To do this, a hole is made in the fruit, where the mycelium is placed without a substrate. "Garden" put in heat, covering the hole with plastic wrap. A month later, it is moved to cool conditions, and after 2 weeks it is harvested.

in the greenhouse

Greenhouse conditions are good for mushroom cultivation in that they always maintain a favorable microflora for mycelium growth. The method is implemented as follows:

1. The first step is to select a few old stumps and transfer them to the greenhouse. If there is no such material in your household, raw wood trimmings that need to be put in a bag will do.
2. Subsequently, the prepared half-decayed wood is poured with a liquid with fungal spores and left until seedlings appear.
3. You can accelerate the development of mycelium by periodically irrigating the stumps. Experienced mushroom growers are advised to arrange a five-minute sprinkling every hour. The procedure starts in the afternoon and ends at 17:00.
4. The first mushrooms will appear in the second half of June and will delight you until autumn.

Another way of growing honey mushrooms in greenhouses is to prepare special blocks. They are built from bags filled with substrate (we mentioned above how to prepare the soil). Deepenings are made in them and spores are settled there. And on top they are tied with a plastic bag.

Before tying the bag, you need to build a cork from sterile cotton wool. It will protect the material from drying out. In the future, these containers are folded for the germination of mycelium. This will take a month. When the surface of the substrate becomes bumpy, the polyethylene is removed and the temperature is reduced from 20°C to 12°C.

This method is implemented using mycelium or mushroom body. The growing technology provides for the harvesting of old, but not rotten logs. It is best to plan sowing mushrooms in the middle of spring, when it is warm outside, but high humidity remains. Then the harvest will ripen in a year.
For this you need:

1. Find a mycelium in the forest or prepare a spore talker from hats.
2. Place suitable tree stumps in shady areas of the yard.
3. Make small grooves on the surface of the wood and fill them with seed.
4. After sowing, the recesses must be covered with wet sawdust or moss.
5. It is important to keep the stump moist. To do this, you can cover its side zones with polyethylene or regularly moisten the soil around.
6. With the advent of cold weather, the log is covered with spruce branches.
7. In the spring, you need to shake off the snow from the tree garden and monitor the melt water, the excess of which may not change the acidity of the piece medium in the best way.
8. In June, spruce branches are harvested.

Video: how mushrooms are grown on stumps When the stumps are covered with mycelium, they need to be taken outside and buried. The first harvest will ripen in a year and the stump will bear fruit until it completely collapses.

The mushroom season for the vast majority of fans of "silent hunting" lasts until the start of autumn frosts. But it turns out that there is a mushroom that can be collected even under the snow. Even experienced mushroom pickers know little about this representative of the mushroom family.

It grows, like autumn honey agaric, on stumps, weakened trees, prefers poplar, willow, maple or aspen wood. You can meet him from the end of autumn. If the winter is with thaws, snowy and without severe frosts, winter honey agarics can be found in the forest until spring.

Winter mushrooms are easily cultivated, the result of the work will be visible quickly, so they will ideal option for beginners who want to try their hand at mushroom production.

general characteristics

Honey mushrooms belong to the ordinary family. In nature, forest mushrooms are found at the end of summer and grow until the first frost. They prefer to settle in the roots of old trees and on stumps. The cap of the mushroom is in the form of a ball, light brown in color with small scales on the surface. The plates on the underside are off-white in color, sometimes covered with rusty spots.

The leg of mushrooms is long, brown or yellow color, below is always darker, its surface is fibrous. Young mushrooms are distinguished by the presence of a whitish film connecting the edges of the cap with the stem. As the veil grows, it breaks, but part of it always remains on the leg as a whitish “skirt”. According to it, mushroom pickers distinguish real mushrooms from false, poisonous species.

The pulp of the mushroom is pleasant to the taste, with a pronounced mushroom aroma, whitish on the cut.

Winter honey agaric: description

This species of mushrooms is also known under the names of winter mushroom and velvety-legged flamulina, or velvety (from lat. Flammulina velutipes). This species is named winter due to the fact that it feels good in the cold season. In the conditions of the south of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, it can be collected until spring.

Mushroom winter mushroom belongs to the fourth category. Grows in groups on stumps and hardwood trees. During the period of severe frosts, growth stops, but after thawing, mushrooms continue to develop fully with the formation of spores.

Appearance

Mushroom cap up to 8 cm in diameter, more often 3 - 5 cm, yellow with a honey tint, can also be orange or brown, darker in the middle. The edges of the cap in the initial phase of growth are bent inward, later - horizontal. The surface may be sticky. The plates are ocher in color with shades from light fawn to reddish. The spores of the winter honey agaric are white.

The leg is soft, velvety, up to 10 cm long (usually 3-5 cm), cylindrical, yellow, brown or blackish in color, darker downwards. The pulp is pleasant to the taste, slightly sour, white or yellowish on the cut.

Autumn honey agaric differs from its winter "brother" in that a film in the form of a ring on the leg is not formed.

Composition and properties

There is a practice of using mushrooms in diets, since they are low in calories (22 kcal). Residents of Japan are sure that the use of winter mushrooms prevents the development of cancer cells. They are also recommended for use with Staphylococcus aureus in the intestines, as well as to restore thyroid function.

Cultivation of mushrooms

In Japan and Asia, winter mushrooms are grown on an industrial scale, their total world production per year reaches 100 thousand tons. When breeding, sawdust of hardwood that has not been exposed to chemical treatment, and grain bran.

Among gardening enthusiasts, growing honey mushrooms on artificial substrate is becoming a popular activity, and sometimes a business. Ease of care and undemanding to living conditions make the process of growing simple and easy.

Winter mushrooms are best suited for breeding. Growing it is possible in normal home conditions. For the arrangement of the premises, the conditions of a balcony or loggia will be sufficient, you still need to choose suitable plastic containers or plastic bags. Glass jars work well for this.

Substrate Raw Material

For the substrate, you can use not only wheat or rice bran, but also buckwheat or barley husks, sunflower husks, crushed corn cobs or chopped straw.

They need to be mixed with hardwood sawdust, it is better if they are not fresh, but stale (about a year). Ratio: for three to four parts of sawdust, one part of bran or their substitute. The components are well mixed, moistened and placed in the selected containers so that half the volume is filled.

Substrate preparation

The prepared substrate must be disinfected, to destroy harmful microorganisms that can harm the mycelium. To do this, a mixture of sawdust with bran is sterilized.

Winter mushrooms germinate well in glass jars. It is convenient to sterilize the substrate directly in them by boiling the bottles in a container of water over low heat for about two hours. The procedure is repeated again the next day and the substrate is allowed to cool to room temperature.

At the next stage, recesses are formed for the entire depth of the "soil" for mushrooms with a long rod to load the mycelium.

The jar should be closed with a tight lid, in which air vent up to 2 cm in diameter. It should be plugged with porous foam rubber or a cotton swab to prevent foreign microorganisms from getting inside.

Mycelium sowing

The acquired mycelium is carefully placed into the formed holes through the neck of the jar. It is divided into small parts and evenly distributed over the entire thickness of the substrate in the jar.

The amount of mycelium introduced can be from one to five or even seven percent of the mass of the substrate. Next, the closed container is placed in a place with a stable room temperature for a month. During this time, a mycelium should form in the jar, while the loose substrate is compacted, white veins of the developing mycelium should be visible.

Mushrooms in the old days were grown from spores, in this way you can grow winter mushrooms. Mycelium in this case should be germinated on a substrate of sawdust and brewer's grains. You can fertilize sugar with yeast in a regular substrate. After that, a mature cap of honey agaric with mucus and spores should be placed in a prepared medium and given time to germinate.

Mycelium care

On initial stage jars with the substrate can be kept in a shaded place, light is not needed for growth. After the beginning of the formation of small tubercles (primary mushrooms) on the threads of the mycelium, the container is placed in a bright place. The optimum temperature for the growth of fruiting bodies is 10-12 degrees.

For intensive growth, the lids are removed from the jars, the mushroom caps are sprayed with water from a spray bottle or supported

humidity in the room at 85 percent and well ventilated.

After the mushrooms reach the height of the neck level, the jar is wrapped with a strip of thick paper or cardboard 10-15 centimeters wide. This can increase the length of the legs.

The fact is that in winter mushrooms growing in the forest, only hats and light parts of the legs are eaten. But in mushrooms grown in an artificial environment, the whole legs are quite suitable for cooking.

If, after the formation of rudiments, jars with mycelium are placed in the cold for 2-3 days (in freezer or outside in winter), then after returning to the balcony, one can expect a friendly growth of fruiting bodies already on the fourth day after “hardening”.

Collection and storage

Winter mushrooms are usually harvested on the tenth day from the moment the buds appear. Fruit bodies are cut at the level of the neck. The legs remaining in the container are carefully removed from the substrate. The jars are closed with lids and the germination cycle is repeated.

Usually after 15 days the second crop is ready for harvest. It is possible to receive up to three fees from the bank. After that, the substrate is depleted, it should be replaced. From one three-liter jar possible way out production can reach up to 1.5 kg of tender mushroom bodies.

Winter mushrooms can be fried, pickled, salted, dried or frozen. Cut mushrooms can be stored in the refrigerator without loss of quality for up to six days.

When boiled, the winter mushroom, like the autumn mushroom, remains slippery, which some may not like.

Precautionary measures

Winter mushroom is an edible mushroom, however, there is evidence of the presence of weak toxins in its composition, which are destroyed during heat treatment. To prevent undesirable consequences, winter mushrooms are boiled for at least 20 minutes before use.

Mushroom preserves cooked in non-compliance hygiene rules and heat treatment conditions, can serve as a medium for the development of anaerobic bacteria. Their toxins, even in minimal concentrations, can cause serious poisoning with a danger to life.

Grown mushrooms

With the arrival of cold rains and the first frosts, the mushroom season usually ends. And few people know that in nature there is a winter mushroom - winter honey agaric (velvety flammulina). Yes, this is understandable, well, who goes to the forest for mushrooms after frost! But you can collect winter mushrooms not only in the forest. The Japanese were the first to start growing winter mushrooms, putting its cultivation on an industrial basis from the mid-50s. To date, some countries of Southeast Asia are engaged in the production of winter mushrooms, attempts are being made to cultivate it in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and Moldova. Winter mushroom has a high nutritional value, contains vitamins B and C, is rich in protein, has the ability to synthesize biologically active substances. It surpasses vegetables in the content of minerals and microelements.

Winter mushrooms can be easily grown at home. In the artificial cultivation of winter mushrooms, sunflower husks, straw, buckwheat husks, sawdust of hardwood trees are used as a substrate. When using sawdust, preference is given to aged six months to a year. Next, the selected substrate is mixed with additives, which are used as corn cobs, bran, spent grains. The prepared substrate is kept in water for 20-24 hours, squeezed out and filled with ordinary one- and two-liter glass jars, no more than half the volume. Banks are closed with cotton-gauze stoppers or lids, in which a two-centimeter hole is made in advance. The jars filled with the substrate are pasteurized for 1.5-2 hours in a saucepan with water over low heat. The procedure is repeated the next day or every other day. After that, mushrooms are planted in cooled jars.

Jar with sprouted honey mushrooms

In each jar, with previously washed hands, place several pieces of mashed planting material, broken off from the mycelium. The jar is closed and placed in a room with a temperature of at least 20-24 degrees. After 20-30 days, the mycelium germinates. During germination, the mycelium does not require lighting. After germination, the jars can be placed on the windowsill, if this is not the north side, then a little shading should be done. When the mushrooms start to come out of the jar, it is necessary to wrap thick paper the neck of the jar to a height of 5-10 cm. This is done so that the mushrooms are held vertically, stretching out of the jar. Periodically wetting the cardboard and spraying mushroom caps with a spray bottle, they maintain high air humidity (85-95%), which is very necessary at this stage.

When the mushrooms are completely out of the jar, the jar is released from the strapping and the mushrooms are cut off. The resulting yield is 25-30% of the weight of the wet substrate. The jars with the substrate are closed again and taken out to the glazed balcony. After 7-14 days, the second mushroom wave will begin.

Enough original way L. Filchakov, Associate Professor of Donetsk University, suggested for growing winter mushrooms. Common pumpkin is used as a nutritional base. Through a small hole made in the pumpkin, several pieces of mycelium are placed inside. The pumpkin is left in a warm place, covering the hole with cellophane. After 25 days, the pumpkin is placed in a more humid and cool room. The rudiments of the fruiting bodies of the fungus that have appeared will be visible on the pumpkin in the form of dots. The grown mushrooms are cut off when the mushroom cap becomes flat, and the leg has not yet begun to darken. Winter mushrooms are especially tasty when pickling, and are also used for frying and salting.

Summer and winter mushrooms can be easily grown on their own. Planting mycelium (mycelium) is bought both in specialized stores and on the Internet.

Usually, a winter species, the so-called flammulina, is chosen for breeding at home. The most common are three simple ways of growing, technologically different from each other: on stumps or logs, in banks, in the basement.

Stump breeding technology

In this case, a remarkable positive difference is that it does not require large financial investments and the ease of execution is affordable for anyone.

Planting mushrooms on stumps (logs) in the open field in the garden or in the country is most favorable in the warm season from April to September inclusive, indoors, if logs are used, the mushroom mycelium can be planted all year round.

For planting mushrooms in the country, it is worth choosing a shady place. Otherwise, they will need to be covered with straw or hay. Only deciduous tree stumps are used: aspen, birch, poplar, hornbeam, beech, apple, acacia, pear.

It is important that the tree is cut down no later than a month before the start of work. Also, there should be no signs of decay, they should be quite wet, with bark, but without branches. If the stumps are dry, then they need to be thoroughly soaked in water for 2-3 days.

For several days, excess water is allowed to drain and ventilated in partial shade. Then, in a checkerboard pattern, using a drill, holes are made over the entire surface of the stump with a depth of 5-6 cm and a diameter of 0.8-1 cm. Small pieces of mushroom mycelium will be planted in these recesses.

They are covered with moss or branches. Periodically, in order to prevent the stump from drying out, the ground around it must be watered. With this method, the mycelium germinates slowly, therefore, to stimulate growth, it is recommended to cover them with a greenhouse film, which is nailed with small nails for fixation.

Good to know: mushrooms like to grow only on dead wood; growing mushrooms in the country is absolutely harmless for garden trees.

The result is expected next year at the beginning of summer, and then you can collect mushrooms regularly for 5-7 years until the stump or log is completely destroyed. At first, the mushroom harvest will be small, but gradually it increases by 2-4 times.

Technology of growing in glass jars

The method is perfect even for city apartments. For the base you will need: 1 part bran and 3 parts sawdust of exclusively deciduous trees. But other combinations of one part are possible:

• sawdust;
• buckwheat husk;
• sunflower husk;
• crushed corn cobs.

Husks and cobs are allowed to be used as an independent base. Boil everything together in water. When the sawdust drains a little and cools down, a nutrient mass is added to enhance the growth of mushrooms in the jar. For 1 kg of sawdust you need to take:

• 8 gr. starch;
• 25 gr. oatmeal;
• 25 gr. corn flour.

Then the jars are tightly filled with the resulting mass by 2/3 of the volume, sterilized in a large saucepan over low heat for at least 2 hours. After cooling to 25°C, deepenings of 5-7 cm are made with a sterile stick and the mycelium of mushrooms is introduced. After the jars are placed in a dark place with a constant temperature of 24 ° C and 85% humidity.

To avoid drying out, the contents are covered with a lid with a hole, which is covered with cotton wool. When the mycelium germinates, the jars are moved to a cooler place or the temperature in the room is lowered to 14-16 ° C. They attach paper in the form of a cuff to the neck of the jar and wait for the harvest to appear.

Take note: planting material must be of high quality and sterile. It is produced under special conditions and packed in breathable bags with a biofilter.

When the mushrooms sprout from the jar by 5-7 cm, the cuffs are removed and the mushrooms are cut off. The yield is 25-30 percent of the original volume of the wet substrate.

The containers are closed again and left on the glazed balcony. After 20-30 days, you can expect new mushrooms.

Basement growing technology

For the third method of growing mushrooms at home, use the basement. The room must be prepared in advance. Whiten with lime or treat with 4% formalin solution to prevent insects and mold.

Provide forced ventilation with a power of about 25 kW or make ventilation outlets to the surface.

If mushrooms are grown in the basement all year round, then it is necessary to provide a heater to maintain the optimum temperature of 24-26 ° C. For the substrate mixture, you can choose:

• chopped straw;
• sawdust;
• foliage of trees;
• seed husks.

Steam the substrate with boiling water for 6-12 hours and after cooling, mix with 300 g of small mycelium. Arrange in tight plastic bags of 5-15 kg, tie them up and lower them into the basement. After 3 days, you need to make several holes in the bags of 4-6 cm or completely remove the bag from the substrate.

On the 12-16th day sprouted fruiting bodies of mushrooms will be visible. Now they need to provide sufficient access to light and reduce the temperature to 14-16 ° C. On such a home mini-farm, subject to the technology, it is possible to collect up to 20 kg of mushrooms from one square meter in 1.5-2 months.

Note: the room where mushrooms are grown should be well ventilated and at the same time a constant temperature and humidity should be maintained.

How to grow mushrooms at home, see the following video: