IN different rooms loggia answers different requirements. Some people perceive it as an unnecessary addition to the apartment, for storing old things. Others are counting on the insulation of the loggia, as an opportunity to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment.
The first type of people stops at finishing the loggia from the inside with clapboard. This slightly improves the appearance of the room, but there are no improvements from the functional side. In order to fully use the loggia in our climatic conditions, it must be insulated. And in most cases, the cost of insulation is not much higher than the price. finishing works, but the functionality of the room increases significantly.
Both professionals and simple people with your own hands, with a little effort. Independent work It will take time, but will save a fairly large sum of money.
Benefits of an insulated loggia
Having completed the thermal insulation of the loggia, you get a number of advantages:
- an additional area is formed - in such a room you can have breakfast, replacing the window sill with a bar counter, you can place cabinets, a refrigerator, create a recreation area;
- noise insulation increases - a glazed or upholstered loggia perfectly passes various street noises through itself, but if you perform insulation and combine with the room, then the sounds from the street will not penetrate into the room;
- in the adjacent room will be warmer;
- getting rid of the partition between the room and the loggia, you can modernize the apartment by changing the layout in such a way that the room will not look like any other.
The option with insulation has quite a few advantages, the only argument against, if you count, is the price, but it will be only 5-10% higher than upholstery or glazing. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to pay the master, following the algorithm below, you can completely do everything yourself.
Selection of insulation
Today there is wide choose materials suitable for warming the loggia. The most popular include the following:
Mineral wool
It is characterized by low cost, but this is the only positive side of the material. To lay this material, you first need to complete the crate. In the process of getting wet, mineral wool loses its beneficial features, therefore, before using it for a loggia, you need to think first.
Due to the presence of air between its fibers, mineral wool provides protection from the cold. But the installation of the material should be carried out very carefully, avoiding crushing, as this can adversely affect the thermal insulation properties.
Styrofoam
Styrofoam is one of the lightweight and durable materials that easily tolerate moisture. The cost of the material is quite affordable.
Styrofoam
Extruded polystyrene foam is presented in the form of plates and has a rather high price. The material is convenient to use, it saves heat well, and during a fire it almost immediately fades.
polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is a seamless coating of the sprayed type. To save precious centimeters, its thickness can be changed.
Penofol
Penofol is a thermal insulation material made of foil and foamed polymer. The reflective layer is used as additional protection by cold. It is a rather thin material and is most often used as an addition to other thermal insulation products.
Expert opinion
Konstantin Alexandrovich
Ask an expertTo reduce costs and ensure the desired effect, several materials can be combined. For example, covered with a layer of penofol, and the walls are covered with expanded polystyrene plates. Other combinations are also possible.
Typical errors in insulation
A serious drawback is the condensate that appears indoors on the surface of the walls and ceiling. As a result, moistened areas are formed, which in a short time become covered with a layer of mold. This is due to poorly functioning ventilation, improper operation of heating systems.
When the ventilation in the room works poorly, the air masses are almost instantly transported from the warm part of the room to the cold, that is, to the loggia. There, excessive moisture settles on the coldest surfaces. You can avoid such a negative moment with the help of doors installed between rooms with different temperature regime.
Many troubles arise with insulation systems. If the walls and floor were not properly insulated, then moisture will leave its mark on the problem areas of the loggia.
If it was decided to save on foam and cover the seams between the walls with putty, then in these areas there is a high probability of condensation. It is better to refrain from such errors, since their elimination will lead to significant difficulties. That is why, when warming the loggia, you must strictly follow the technology.
A poor-quality heating system can also become a problem. If such a process occurs due to the flow of warm air masses from the adjacent room, then mold will most likely form in the cold corners of the loggia. That is why the loggia needs to be insulated from the floor.
It is forbidden to install centralized water heating on balconies or loggias. A well-mounted warm floor reacts to any temperature fluctuations and eliminates the imbalance in a short time.
Work plan
Step by step instructions for proper insulation:
- Free the room from excess furniture.
- Remove old coating from ceiling, floor and walls.
- Analyze the condition of the base, note cracks, chips, significant irregularities.
- Perform troubleshooting of detected defects.
- Get rid of old glazing, even if it does not require updates.
- Treat all surfaces with any hydrophobic and antifungal compound.
- Carry out sealing of joints.
- Glaze the loggia.
- Lay insulation material on the ceiling, floor and walls.
- Install electrical wiring.
- Carry out installation of the TP system.
- Perform sheathing (drywall, etc.), conduct lighting.
It is especially important to assess the wear of fasteners. After the installation of double-glazed windows and heat-insulating materials, the weight of the structure increases significantly. To perform the necessary calculations and install the reinforcing elements, you must contact companies that have the necessary licenses. Independent calculations can be fatal.
Warming and finishing the loggia, Special attention should be given to sealing cracks and seams. In such areas, all crumbling elements are carefully removed to ensure a solid foundation. Gaps in concrete structures are filled with repair compounds, at this point you must strictly follow the instructions. If during the work a part of the reinforcement with traces of rust was found, then the rod is cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.
After finishing work on insulation and installation electrical wiring, produced decorative trim loggias with plastic or wood panels, use tiles, wallpaper or any other materials.
The vulnerable area is the filler near the window frame. The material used to fill the space loses its properties after 2-3 years. Before installing new glazing, the foam is completely removed. To insulate old window frames, the worn filler is removed from the grooves, and the resulting space is filled with a stable composition.
Waterproofing (vapor barrier)
The entire area of the balcony must be protected from external water exposure; for this, waterproofing works. The floor is covered with special impregnations, paint, bitumen, glassine or roofing material. Roll insulation is used for walls and ceilings.
The next stage is the installation of a crate made of wood or metal. The distance between the bars should be 1-2 cm less than the width of the insulation. The bar must have a centimeter thickness greater than the thickness of the mineral wool slab, this is necessary so that after laying a ventilation gap is formed.
Glazing
The loggia will not be able to be insulated if you do not choose the right glazing. If on simple balconies you can pick up absolutely any glass, then for the thermal insulation of the room you will need to pay attention to special parameters.
The ideal option there will be PVC constructions, the thickness of which is 3.2 cm.
On this stage savings should be abandoned, because regardless of the high cost of all further stages, poorly selected double-glazed windows will put an end to all repair work.
Warm floor on the balcony
This loggia surface is considered the most important space when combined with a living room. This is explained by the fact that the floor is the coldest part of the room. In order for it to be warm, insulation is performed in 2 layers.
Basically, all operations related to the floor come down to its cleaning, leveling, treatment with an antifungal agent, installation of supports and insulation. Already directly on the insulation is placed the "rough floor", and then the selected coating. For maximum tightness of the floor, lags are mounted, between which there is roll insulation.
Ceiling insulation
Algorithm for correct insulation:
- Cut off from the ceiling construction foam, and parts of the solution are removed.
- The surface is cleaned of peeling paint and dirt.
- Walls and ceilings are treated with a deep primer.
- Holes and strobes are created for cable installation. Install sockets and switches. Thus, it will be possible to connect lighting elements, a heater or a warm floor.
- The electrical cable must be laid inside PVC pipes if the frame needs to be sheathed with wood.
- The best insulating material would be foil-wrapped polystyrene foam.
- Using the level, measure the base, this is done in order to determine the errors.
- A sheet of insulation is applied to the ceiling, and marks are made with a pen that interfere with the installation of the plate (pipe entry point). Marks are cut out with a cutter.
- The adhesive solution is mixed. You need to follow the instructions on the package. Further, the solution is infused for about 5 minutes and kneaded again. It should have a uniform consistency, sufficiently thick and liquid.
- The solution is applied to the insulation with a trowel. Then a sheet of expanded polystyrene is tried on and pressed against the ceiling.
- Further, holes are made, nails are inserted into the ceiling, but are not hammered to the end.
- The remaining sheets are attached to the ceiling, and the surface is measured with a building level.
To adjust the surface plane, graters are used to erase the difference in differences. And the gaps between the insulation plates are filled with polyurethane foam (the excess is cut off).
Do-it-yourself warming of the loggia walls
If the loggia is presented in the form of an ordinary balcony where clothes are dried (there are not even window openings), then the insulation work looks like this:
- installation of a parapet from foam blocks or brick structures, in which window openings will then be created;
- all the seams and holes present on the balcony from the outside and inside(typical for reinforced concrete structures) cover with mounting foam, close large holes with foam plastic and fill the joints with mounting foam;
- if polystyrene or polystyrene will act as a heater, then the sealing foam should not contain toluene, it corrodes the foam;
- polyethylene foam is attached on top, which is a vapor barrier, and all joints must be sealed with foil tape.
Now you can move on to the crate. Can act as a support wooden beam. It is attached to the wall horizontally or vertically (depending on finishing material). The bars are fastened along the edges of the wall, after which a fishing line is pulled at the top and bottom, along which intermediate (bearing) bars are installed, between which insulation and vapor barrier are laid.
Warm loggia in a panel house
By its design panel houses cooler than brick buildings. This is explained by the fact that the heat-insulating properties of concrete are worse than bricks, in addition, cracks often form between the panels over time, which will let the cold in from the outside.
When attaching a loggia to a living room in such houses, do not forget about this factor and use thermal insulation material in several layers to avoid the dew point that destroys the concrete. In this situation, it is almost impossible to “overdo it”, but it’s easy not to finish it.
Isolon (foamed polyethylene with a reflector) is mounted on the main insulation with sizing of the seams.
Warm loggia in a brick house
Although the brick is more warm material than concrete, insulation should not be abandoned.
Initially, you need to pay attention to the masonry. Most often, construction companies do not fill the gaps between bricks well, so you will have to get rid of the gaps yourself with the help of special means.
Further work is no different from the actions in panel buildings. The only difference is that only one heat-insulating layer can be used.
Creating a favorable microclimate on the loggia involves not only wall insulation, the entire space must be airtight. The floor and ceiling surfaces are also sheathed with a material with a low degree of thermal conductivity. In our article, you will learn how to properly insulate a balcony from the inside.
- self-insulation (personal experience)
- . The most useful from youtube
- On the example of Moscow
The choice of heat insulator
Advantages and disadvantages are inherent in each type of thermal insulation. In order to choose the most suitable insulation, you should compare the main characteristics of heat insulators.
The most common options for heat insulators:
- Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
- Foamed polyethylene (penofol);
- Polyurethane foam (PPU);
- Styrofoam;
- Mineral wool.
Mineral wool
The thickness of the sheets varies from 2 to 20 cm. Mineral wool is divided into three types, depending on the components of the raw materials:
- Stone;
- slag;
- Glass.
An example of a mineral wool device on a loggia. The material is placed in the prepared structure. The frame for mounting can be made of metal profiles or wooden bars.
Manufacturers produce cotton wool in the form of mats and soft rolls. In some cases, one side is covered with foil. Aluminium foil improves the level of thermal insulation.
When laying mineral wool, the foil side should be directed into the room. This principle allows heat to be reflected off the aluminum cladding and returned to the room.
This method is quite common, despite the existence of cheaper heat insulators. The insulation is resistant to fire, does not contribute to its spread. When heated, mineral wool is not released into the air harmful substances.
The main disadvantage is that moisture acts destructively, a vapor barrier device is necessary.
Pay attention to the integrity of the mineral wool packaging before buying. Moisture adversely affects the properties of the heat insulator. For high-quality insulation, it is necessary that the space of the loggia be dry.
Polymer-based insulation
Penoplex, polyurethane foam, polystyrene, foamed polyethylene are polymers treated with foamed compounds.
Advantages:
- The presence of gas bubbles provides not only good level thermal insulation, but also the small weight of the plates;
- High degree of moisture resistance;
- The materials are durable;
- Antifungal resistance;
- Simplicity and convenience when laying plates or sheets, as well as rolls (polyethylene foam);
- An economical repair option, subject to the choice of foam as a heater.
Main disadvantage: support the spread of flame during a fire, emit harmful substances in the combustion process.
When choosing foam and other materials based on polymers, it is necessary to correctly select the thickness of the plates and determine the density
If you plan to use the space in winter, in this case, choose a thickness of 50 mm. Density is determined by further coating - a value of 25 kg / cu is suitable for putty. m.
1. Styrofoam sheets
Insulator plates (expanded polystyrene) in the process of laying.
Styrofoam refers to budgetary methods of warming a loggia, however, it is considered a rather fragile material, so a crate is required for installation. A worthy replacement is extruded polystyrene foam; its installation does not require the creation of a special frame.
2. Penoplex
Extruded polystyrene foam boards (thickness 50 mm) are used as insulation. The seams between the elements are sealed with mounting foam. Penoplex is attached with the help of special dish-shaped dowels ("fungi").
3. Penofol
The material is used as a separate heat insulator, and with the help of penofol it is possible to provide a vapor barrier of expanded polystyrene. Due to the foil side, warm air is reflected and retained in the room.
In order to speed up the insulation of the structure, you can use an alternative method of thermal insulation - spraying polyurethane foam (PPU).
4. Polyurethane foam
PPU is one of the most modern heat insulators. The cost of application services is considered high compared to other analogues, but many managed to appreciate operational properties PPU. This insulation is characterized by high thermal insulation performance, due to the finely porous structure.
Spraying of polyurethane foam is carried out by specialists, one day is enough for installation work, it also does not take much time to dry completely.
The main stages of work on the insulation of the loggia space
In order to increase the usable area in your home and operate the premises all year round, you must:
1. Close the gaps, if any. Carefully study the room to eliminate all design flaws. As a rule, the gaps are filled with mounting foam, even if they are of a significant size.
After complete drying, it is necessary to trim the excess.
2. Glazing with reliable double-glazed windows.
3. Arrange a waterproofing layer. To protect against moisture, waterproofing with penetrating properties is used - Penetron, Aquaton, etc. The composition is applied with a roller, brush, or sprayed. Such impregnation penetrates into the thickness, so the walls become maximally resistant to adverse weather, and strength characteristics are improved.
The device of the waterproofing layer allows you to eliminate the most minor surface cracks that may not be visible visually.
4. Thermal insulation layer. To organize a warm structure, we use the selected material (polyurethane foam, foam plastic, polyethylene foam, polystyrene, etc.).
5. Installation of a vapor barrier layer. In order to make a vapor barrier, special polymer membranes (“breathing”) should be used, as well as films “Rockwool”, “Izospan”, penofol.
When using penofol, lay the insulation in such a way that the side covered with foil is directed into the room. Under this condition, the heat will be constantly reflected from the foil, lingering inside the space.
6. Final finishing of walls, floor and ceiling surfaces.
WITH detailed description each stage can be found in the article: .
Balcony decoration
Purposes of creation interior decoration:
- External masking of the heat insulator;
- Organization of a favorable internal environment in the room.
To create an interior balcony, you can choose from various finishes. Plaster, plastic panels, MDF, lining, plywood, plasterboard sheets and even a block house are perfect for the finishing layer.
The lining panels are environmentally friendly and reliable. One of the main advantages of the finishing material is rigidity. The lining is fixed on wooden frame- crate.
The walls of the loggia are lined with clapboard, flooring- laminate.
Facing the balcony with a block house.
The plastic panels have grooves for connecting elements. Plastic variant lining has less rigidity and strength than wood.
Installation of GKLV sheets on metal profiles. Plasterboard slabs can be wallpapered, painted, or lined decorative plaster.
Wall decoration with wallpaper over GKLV sheets.
Bamboo wallpaper. Basis for finishing- drywall.
Video
1. The result of warming the loggia.
Glazed balcony. Demonstration of electrical outputs. Testing the strength of extruded polystyrene foam. The use of foam plastic with a thickness of 30 and 50 mm, wall finishing with putty. Concrete screed floor over insulation boards.
2. Stages of repair work on the balcony.
Sequential process of arranging the premises. Scheme of thermal insulation of walls with foam plastic and foamed polyethylene, finishing - plastic panels. Floor: leveling, thermal insulation, sheathing OSB board, installation of laminate lamellas.
.Read in the article
Three directions for warming the loggia
- outside loggia insulation is the preferred option. In that
case, the freezing point shifts to the outside, i.e. V
side of the insulation mounted outside the loggia. This will not only allow
insulate the surface of the wall, but also preserve the load-bearing properties of the material, from
which it was built. In addition, the interior space of the loggia is saved.The only drawback of insulation from the street is the cost.
high-rise works (industrial mountaineering). Used for insulation outside
rigid heat-insulating material (expanded polystyrene, polystyrene), which
covered with a polymer mesh and protected with a strong cement mortar
and / or decorative plaster;Note. In some cases, the decision as to whether
to insulate the loggia from the outside is determined by the City Council. For example, if the house is
an architectural value, perform outside work changing the face of the building
forbidden.
- double-sided insulation and finishing of the loggia. Assumes installation
thermal insulation material outside and inside the loggia. Such a decision
inexpedient in principle, tk. from the point of view of thermal efficiency, it does not matter with
which side the work has been done.
- insulation of the loggia from the inside. The most internal insulation
a popular option, because It is possible to do the work yourself.
However, in this case, the useful space of the loggia is reduced. Nevertheless,
Let's take a closer look at this option.
loggia insulation cost
To determine the profitability, we compare the cost of work on
insulation of the loggia with the involvement of professionals and the performance of work
on one's own.
For a loggia of 3 sq.m. (prices are indicative):
- purchase of materials - 10-12 thousand rubles;
- installation work - 10 thousand rubles;
- electrical work - 2-3 thousand rubles;
- glazing - 20-40 thousand (material and work);
- finishing work - 10-20 thousand rubles;
The cost of warming the turnkey loggia (approximate prices):
- finishing work "standard" with insulation - 35-40 thousand rubles;
- finishing work "luxury" with insulation - 58-60 thousand rubles;
As you can see, the savings with self-insulation is
from a quarter to a half of the total budget for thermal insulation.
Tags: Loggia Balcony
Ceiling insulation
There are two options for ceiling insulation: with and without a frame. In the second option, it is necessary to use lightweight materials and this insulation is attached directly to the ceiling plate.
Action plan:
The cleaned surface of the ceiling is covered with an antiseptic. The insulation is attached with mounting foam or glue.
Bars are attached over the material for mounting the finish. If you use mineral wool: initially a frame is made, then a heater is laid and drywall is mounted. The finish coat is installed.
Warming the balcony from the outside is more correct. This method of insulation allows you to save the balcony space, as well as prevent the formation of condensate from the inside.
But the problem is that it is almost impossible to produce it without specialists. Therefore, it is better to order the insulation of the balcony from the outside from specialized organizations specializing in the insulation of turnkey balconies.
Photo of the process of warming the balcony with your own hands
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How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands video and photo instructions for installing insulating materials
How to insulate the balcony inside is described in this video.
| Drawing | Sequencing |
 | A similar balcony, which has fallen into disrepair, is strengthened. Remove old parts. |
 | New frame elements are rigidly attached to the supporting structures of the building. |
 | A wall is being erected, which will become a reliable support for the frames and other components of the window unit. |
 | Here is a variant with the removal of the window beyond the original contour of the balcony. The installation process is discussed in the previous section of the article. |
 | Before installing the insulation, the condition of the surfaces is checked, fragile plaster, protrusions are removed, and cracks are closed. Expanded polystyrene plates are fixed with dowels with umbrella overlays. Apply the "envelope" scheme - holes in all corners and in the center. |
 | Plates can be installed in the gaps between the wooden crate. |
| Their combination with penofol, other insulating materials is acceptable. When the density of foamed polystyrene is higher than 40 kg. per cubic meter significant loads are allowed. On top of a special substrate, you can install a cable heater. It is poured with concrete so that at least 6-7 cm of a solution layer is obtained to the surface. |
Important! To insulate the loggia with your own hands, step-by-step instructions with thematic videos and photos are not enough. It is necessary to take into account the initial state of the balcony, the features of the property in terms of permissible loads and the requirements for appearance
The floor is not properly insulated
In order not to overload the floor slab (for example, with a concrete screed or leveling mixture), it is better to make the floor covering from light modern materials. Over the vapor barrier - foil or polyethylene film- two layers of foam or mineral wool mats are laid. Above - waterproofing, which can be used, for example, hydrostekloizol. Rolls are placed on top with an overlap of about 10-20 centimeters. With help blowtorch strips based on mastic are fused together, and if the use of open fire for some reason is impractical or dangerous, then the sheets are mechanically fastened together. Then a layer of plywood, and only then carpet or laminate.
Finally, the “classic” way of floor insulation is also not bad: wooden logs, between which modern insulating materials are located.
The sputtering method stands apart in this group. Such heat-insulating material as polyurethane foam is applied to the wall precisely by spraying. Relatively new material on the market is quickly gaining its fans among professionals and amateurs. Because it allows you to perform insulation without additional preparation of the base. The high speed of work execution - less than one day - also speaks in favor of PPU. Among the disadvantages are the high cost and the inability to do the work yourself without special equipment.
Balcony preparation for PPU insulation 
Polyurethane foam spraying on the balcony 
Balcony and loggia insulation with polyurethane foam
Insulation of the balcony with polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam
Rigid insulation is also placed in the frame sections and fixed on foam or special glue. The insulation is not laid close to the frame, but with a gap of 5-10 mm. The gap is subsequently blown out with foam, and the foam sheet is additionally attached with a plastic dowel - an umbrella (fungus).
Fastening foam plastic in a frame way
Foam fixing for balcony insulation 
Installation of polystyrene foam for balcony insulation
Fastening polystyrene foam in a frame way
Styrofoam fixing for balcony insulation 
Installation of expanded polystyrene when insulating a balcony
The foam sheets are tightly pressed against each other, and the joints are blown with foam.
Installation of foam frameless way
Fastening foam in a frameless way
Expanded polystyrene sheets are joined according to the "groove-comb" principle.
Installation of expanded polystyrene in a frameless wayFastening polystyrene in a frameless way
Outside parapet siding
Easiest outer skin balconies made of vinyl siding.
Outside the parapet, a vertical crate is assembled in such a way that it forms a single flat area (check with a stretched thread). The bars or the metal profile of the crate are fixed at a distance of about 40 cm from each other. Further, guides for siding (closing profile) are mounted along the lower and upper perimeters, and the corners are made out with a special vinyl profile - the “outer corner”.
The starting siding bar is attached with the long side to the lower rail using self-tapping screws. It is better to start from the side wall - and the panel is shorter and less visible from the street - you can practice. Between the siding and the balcony grill, you can immediately lay soft mineral wool boards. At the top of the parapet, you need to mount a drainage system.
A very short video about the main stages of sheathing:
Insulation of the balcony and loggia with mineral wool
The cotton wool is laid so that it fits snugly against the elements of the frame, but is not “rammed”, i.e. no need to further compact it. From this, the structure of the mineral wool will change and part of the air will evaporate. This will reduce the thermal insulation properties of wool. In order for the cotton wool to hold securely on the wall, and especially on the ceiling, it must be additionally fixed using wire or umbrellas (dowels with a wide cap).
Mineral wool fixed with wire on the ceiling 
Mineral wool fixed with wire on the wall 
Mineral wool fixed with "umbrellas"
Sometimes cotton wool is brought behind the frame, as shown in the figure. Then the elements of the frame are held by cotton wool. However, professionals do not recommend using this approach for low-density wool (less than 50 kg/m3), since wool held in only a few places will settle over time, exposing part of the wall to the movement of cold air.
Balcony insulation - mineral wool in the frame 
Balcony insulation - mineral wool is fixed with a frame
Cotton wool is covered with a vapor barrier film. Then the counter-lattice is stuffed. It allows you to protect the wool from touching the finishing material and avoid the appearance of a dew point in this place.
In more detail, the stages of installing cotton wool are presented in the diagram.
- floor base
- floor joists
- frame
- Basalt wool
- Vapor barrier film
- Control grille
- Finishing material
Balcony and loggia insulation scheme with mineral wool
The choice of material or the better to insulate the loggia from the inside
Initially, you need to choose building materials
It is important to remember that not only thermal performance, but also the area of \u200b\u200bthe room may depend on the selected components. If the building material is too thick, it will steal the usable area
Note! Any material for heat preservation must be environmentally friendly, as well as comply with thermal and steam characteristics.
The room can be insulated with the following materials:
- Penofol . An excellent substitute for mineral wool. It has a multi-layer coating, which also has a reflective effect.
Penofol - material for warming the new time
- polyurethane foam . Perfect for balconies. It ignites very poorly, made from environmentally friendly materials. Installation is done by pouring.
Cured polyurethane foam
- Penoplex . Basically, the material is used for finishing exterior walls. It has poor thermal conductivity.
The use of foam as a heater
- Styrofoam . A fairly economical choice of material and also very effective for a balcony.
Styrofoam is often referred to as Styrofoam
- Isover . Issued in the form of sheets. Made from mineral wool, with glass fiber particles.
A very common insulation material
As a rule, expanded polystyrene is mounted on the walls and ceiling. It is good to use it, because its properties have a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, as well as a small thickness. It cuts great kitchen knife. Alternative option can be considered styrofoam. For cold winters, sheets 10 cm thick are suitable, for mild weather it is better to use 5 cm.
Related article:
. Step by step guide to decorating balconies various materials in a separate review.
Where to insulate
It is necessary to insulate balconies and loggias in cases where a warm type of balcony is chosen in an apartment where it was decided to attach it to a room or kitchen. Differences in the methods of insulation in panel house a little bit of any number of storeys. In "Khrushchev" balconies open type small and not very convenient for glazing, but the problem is solvable, and the craftsmen can “revive” the old balcony as well. There are additional difficulties with glazing, insulation and finishing of balconies on the top floor.
In Stalin-style houses with high ceilings or in apartments panel houses and "Khrushchev" located on the top floor, it is necessary to solve the problem with glazing and installation of the roof. It should reliably protect the balcony from snow load, rain and other undesirable influences.
Finishing
To finish the loggia from the inside, we prepare the material, read a little theory and, following the step-by-step instructions of many good articles, boldly start work. Recall that the most popular material for finishing loggias and balconies is "lining". This is a board made of wood with a groove-thorn profile 1.5 cm thick and 9 cm wide. There are also eurolinings and block houses for a cylindrical log. PVC panels of various colors and shades, width 25-30cm allows you to quickly cover large areas.
MDF panels in the form of boards pressed from wood fibers, covered with a PVC-based film. The strength is low, unstable to moisture, only glazed loggias should be finished. Drywall speeds up the work, but requires more finishing. very effective and beautiful view the loggia is finished with decorative plaster of three types, structural, textured and Venetian. The technology is voluminous, but quite accessible even to a non-specialist.
Finishing Features
In most cases, balconies are lined with clapboard or profile from the inside, but drywall is also used, followed by wallpapering. PVC panels are also used for cladding. As for the exterior decoration, it is better to entrust it to professionals, especially if your apartment is located higher than on the first floor.
Interior decoration of the walls of the balcony clapboard
Finishing the balcony with plastic panels
The process of finishing the balcony with drywall
Important information! It is forbidden to conduct central heating there, so if additional heating is required, you can lay a film "warm floor" under the linoleum.
You can also install an outlet on the balcony, to which it will be connected electric heater. The described room is small, so heating will take a minimum of time. We also note that a double-glazed window weighs quite a lot, so the rest of the materials (including the insulator itself) should be with a minimum weight. By the way, this is another reason why it is better to give preference to XPS or foam boards.
In the photo there is a socket and a connected heater
Video - Instructions for warming the balcony
Now you know about the strong and weaknesses materials suitable for insulating the balcony, as well as the technologies for laying foam and expanded clay. So it's time to get straight to work! Moreover, there is nothing complicated here if you are armed with step-by-step instructions and all necessary materials. If you do everything right, then turn the balcony into a full-fledged living room with all the ensuing benefits.
Loggia heating, which method to choose
The loggia usually has walls in one layer of bricks, the worst option is a corrugated balcony. Therefore, in order to feel comfortable in this room during the cold season, a heater is needed.
There are two options for how to make the loggia warm. The first is to open balcony door so that it is heated by the adjoining room. The second is to mount electric "warm" floors or buy oil radiators.
I will say right away from our experience - one heater was not enough for us, and we decided to install a warm floor. Despite the fact that the walls of our loggia were insulated, it was cold from the neighbors above and below - after all, their balconies remained uninsulated.
Do-it-yourself balcony insulation
Proper installation of insulation material is a guarantee of durability and quality. In order not to forget anything and not to make a mistake anywhere, you must initially prepare a step-by-step instruction (plan) and clearly follow it point by point.
Warming can be carried out both from the inside of the balcony and from the outside. But with self-insulation, it is better to choose the option of insulating the balcony from the inside.
Preparatory work consist of:
- Checking the supporting structure;
- Dismantling of trim and frame;
- Patching tile gaps with concrete mortar;
- Clearing the balcony from unnecessary items;
- Balcony glazing. Choose 2 or 3-chamber double-glazed windows for better thermal and sound insulation;
- Carrying out electrical wiring;
- Insulation preparation.
Glazing of the loggia
Obviously, the insulation of an open, unglazed loggia makes no sense, so the process should begin with the installation of windows.
Glazing of the room is carried out according to the standard algorithm, but using an additional (additional) profile to change the dimensions window opening. Framing the entire structure along the perimeter, it is intended to ensure that the surfaces subsequently thickened with insulation (walls and ceiling) do not block the glass.
Important! Do not try to save money when choosing a profile and double-glazed windows: "cold" glazing using inexpensive designs can protect the loggia from precipitation, but will not cope with the drop in temperature outside.
Learn how to choose and install plastic frame on the loggia, you can by watching this video.
Stage 5. We insulate the ceiling
This procedure is also performed using a similar technology, but there are still some differences.
- First, mark up where the hangers for attaching the rails will be installed.
- compliance with the price;
- the ability to reproduce techniques without the help of professionals;
- resistance to external influences, durability;
- compatibility with certain finishes, engineering systems.
Install the suspensions themselves, necessary for fixing the guides (use a galvanized profile or timber as the latter).
Photo of direct suspension
Suspension mount
Cut small holes in the insulator (styrofoam or XPS) in appropriate places for hangers.
Insulation of the ceiling with Penoplex from the inside
Step #5. Blow out all the cracks formed with mounting foam, then glue with mounting tape.
Step #6. Lay a waterproofing layer on top - for example, penofol, which at the same time will also serve as thermal insulation.
Fastening penofol on the walls
The use of penofol for insulation of a balcony
Step #7. Seal the seams at the joints with foil tape.
Step number 8. Mount the counter-lattice on top of the foam foam and install the finishing material.
Control grating for finishing
Much needs to be studied in order to figure out how to insulate a balcony with your own hands. step by step photo- this is only a small part of the necessary information. The optimal technology is chosen taking into account several factors:
Only a comprehensive analysis will allow you to find out whether the option you like is suitable for the implementation of your plans. Remember that design development and some other parts of the project can be entrusted to qualified specialists.
From a large balcony you can make a good study
Has the day come when it's time to finally throw away the old ski and take all the cans from your balcony to the garage? Your head is full of ideas, and if not, then the global web will help you. You are ready to realize all the brightest and crazy desires on the vacated piece of living space. There is one small problem left. These are harsh conditions that attack your hard-earned square meters.
Therefore, the primary task that must be solved before letting the fantasy unfold is to keep warm. In order to minimize the cost of repairs, let's figure it out how to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands.
If a decision is made to attach the area of the balcony to the living area of the apartment, it is necessary to carry out work on its insulation. So that after the repair there are no unforeseen problems, the work must be carried out in compliance with the established norms, rules and approvals.
Serious reconstruction will require permission from local executive authorities, architecture and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Ignore this paragraph is not worth it, so as not to be punished for violating the housing code. In addition, reconciliation will help to avoid certain errors when changing structural elements. Experienced specialists will immediately notice inconsistencies in the project. Correcting errors at the design stage will avoid the cost of correcting errors after repair.
The order of work and their volume depend on what tasks the reconstructed balcony will perform:
- It will continue to be a place to relax in the warm season, and insulation is carried out to protect against wind, dust and precipitation. This is a less expensive method and easier to implement.
- It will be attached to the area of the apartment as a full-fledged living space used all year round. Here, the scope of work increases significantly, since it will be necessary to provide for heating, steam and waterproofing, and change the power supply system.
Attention! Balcony With sliding windows it is almost pointless to insulate, since the windows themselves will let the cold through.
How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands
First of all, it is necessary to take measurements and determine the quantity of materials, their composition and quality. Manufacturers offer a wide range of materials for insulation, insulation and finishing for every taste and material wealth. Of course, you shouldn't skimp on quality. We need to take care of the environment and fire safety housing.
A balcony is a remote structure located outside the building, its three sides and the ceiling require insulation, even if the neighbors have already completed the work. The sequence of work should be built in such a way as not to miss important nuances, which then have to be corrected:
- Particular attention should be paid to the condition enclosing parapet. Most often, this thin plate from metal, profile, or iron rods. This design will have to be replaced with a brick wall or foam blocks. For the device of the wall, you need to choose the lungs, hollow bricks so as not to create an unnecessary load on the carrier plate.
Balcony railing
- Glazing it is better to entrust professionals. Depending on the chosen interior, the profile can be wooden or PVC with double glazing. The number of flaps is determined in advance to ensure ventilation and ease of maintenance. When installing windows, expansion profiles are installed that will facilitate the fastening of insulation boards.
glazed balcony
- Sealing cracks, joints, holes, chips and cracks mounting foam, polyurethane sealants or mastic. They protect against the penetration of moisture, dust, the negative effects of the environment.
Sealing gaps on the balcony
- let down energy supply so that access to food is as practical as possible. Electrical work and heat supply should be carried out by specialists with special permits for such work.
Conducting electricity on the balcony
- Warming carried out in the following sequence: walls, and ceiling.
How to insulate the walls on the balcony
To choose the right insulation, you need to know its technical characteristics, pros and cons.
The main parameters that determine the quality of the material is its thermal conductivity, ecological And Fire safety. It is very important that the insulation is light and takes up less space.
- . Multi-layer, consisting of foil and polyethylene foam, a reflective material a few millimeters thick. At the same time, it reflects at least 90% of heat, durable, lightweight, inexpensive. During installation, it easily takes the shape of the surface and is attached.
Insulation of the balcony with penofol
- polyurethane foam. Provides fire and environmental safety. It is applied to the surface by pouring or spraying, closes all the cracks, provides waterproofing, does not require a frame and fastening.
Balcony insulation with polyurethane foam
- Penoplex. These are expanded polystyrene boards. The material practically does not absorb moisture, but is voluminous and poorly accepts the parameters of the surface to which it is attached.
Insulation of the balcony with foam
- Styrofoam. It has excellent sound, steam and thermal insulation properties. Due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, it is well suited for warming a balcony.
Balcony insulation with polystyrene foam
- Styrodur. A kind of polystyrene foam, extruded, green color, with good performance.
Balcony insulation with styrodur
- Izover (mineral wool). Widespread insulation made on the basis of fiberglass. This is mineral wool, which will retain heat, provide sound insulation, and will not weigh down the structure. Has an affordable price. Used with additional hydro and vapor barrier.
Balcony insulation with isover (mineral wool)
It is not advisable to use fiberglass, as it is flammable and releases toxic substances.
Taking into account the temperature difference between the outdoor air and the room, it is necessary to provide a kind of hydro-barrier that will not allow warm air create condensation on contact with a cold guard. The presence of condensate will lead, in the future, to the formation and decay.
The insulation is attached, depending on the type, with glue, special dowels with a wide cap, spacer nails or spraying.
Using mineral wool the surface is pre-primed. After drying, mineral plates are applied to the wall, smeared with adhesive composition. Installation starts from the bottom and is carried out according to the type brickwork. Allow the glue to dry completely within a day. It is possible to carry out strengthening in several places with the help of dowels.
Often, a wooden frame is used to lay the slabs, the design of which retains heat worse than insulation. Therefore, it is better to fasten the material end-to-end and seal them with aluminum tape or mounting foam.
It is better to fasten layers of mineral wool end-to-end
The next layer is a vapor barrier. It could be foil polyethylene. It is laid with foil inside the building so that it reflects the heat coming from the house. Insulating materials for other heaters, may not be used, depending on the purpose of the room.
How to insulate the floor on the balcony
About a quarter of the heat loss on the balcony occurs through the floor, so work needs to be done to prevent these losses. This is not the most difficult operation and it is quite possible to do it yourself. When choosing a material, it should be taken into account that the level of the floor on the balcony after installation must be at or below the level of the floor in the adjoining room.
There are several simple and affordable ways:
- with a frame device;
- monolithic;
- electric underfloor heating.
Professional skills may require only one - the installation of a warm floor.
Underfloor heating on the balcony
The main point in the choice of method and material is the condition of the carrier plate. In houses of old construction, structures may have wear and tear and are not always ready to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, it is important to coordinate with the specialists of the department of architecture, what weight of materials can be used in the repair. This is especially important when installing monolithic concrete floors.
The frame floor, in turn, can be arranged using:
- mineral wool;
- expanded clay;
- pepoplast;
- foam or expanded polystyrene.
Floor insulation technology consists of several stages.
- Leveling the surface of the plate is carried out if necessary.
- Waterproofing with a polyethylene film or roofing material (for damp rooms).
- The device of a wooden crate. A bar with a height close to the thickness of the insulation is used. It is laid along the length of the balcony at a distance of 50 cm from each other or another convenient distance, depending on the size of the insulation sheets. Leave indents from the walls of 5-7 cm, and the ends - 5 cm, so that when high humidity wood is not deformed. They are fixed to the floor with anchors or self-tapping screws with a depth of at least 4 mm. This will provide a stable hold. If it is necessary to install transverse beams, it is necessary to make cuts at the joints up to half the thickness and make recesses with the help of which the transverse logs are connected to the longitudinal ones. Control the level, do not allow the bars to sag. If necessary, wooden wedges or dies are placed, which are fixed to the floor with mounting foam. It is important to prevent foam from entering the junction of the wedge and the beam.
- Filling the crate is made with the selected insulation.
Cheap and efficient material mineral wool. Available in rolls and slabs, light in weight, easy to install. The size of the canvas is chosen in such a way as not to crumple it and not to bend it. This degrades the protective qualities due to the reduction in the amount of air between the fibers. The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its low moisture resistance, so it is necessary to use a vapor barrier as the next layer.
Popular, inexpensive Styrofoam due to the ease and ease of installation, it is most often used as a heater. It is very hygroscopic and resistant to any environment. Among the disadvantages are deformation under loads and poor sound insulation.
Balcony floor insulation with polystyrene foam
Penoplex it is resistant to mold development, mechanical stress, temperature changes and excellent thermal insulation performance. As disadvantages, you can cancel its combustibility with the release of harmful substances and the thickness of the material.
Insulation of the floor and walls of the balcony with foam
High fire resistance, durability expanded clay. But it is not very good for warming a balcony, since a thick layer is required for normal thermal insulation.
Insulation of the balcony floor with expanded clay
- The gaps remaining after filling with a heater are foamed.
- On top of the insulation or vapor barrier (if applicable), as a rough flooring, after which the selected floor material will follow, chipboard or moisture-resistant plywood is attached.
Cement screed is used only with a fairly solid balcony construction. In order not to exceed permissible load, use a reinforced screed up to 50 mm thick.
The following methods will require special professional skills.
Implemented as insulation systems electric heating using a special infrared film, cable, tapes. They are laid on a thin layer of insulation and mounted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
For water floors requires a device in a special way of the water circuit.
Scheme of the device of the water floor
How to insulate the ceiling on the balcony
Before starting work, you should carefully inspect the ceiling for signs of leakage, since even a small amount of moisture falling on top of the insulation can lead to the development of mold.
Given the difficulty of working on the ceiling, it is necessary to protect the eyes and use goggles.
As a material for work, already familiar foam plastic, mineral wool, polystyrene, (foil polyethylene foam) are used.
Penoplex with a density of 35-45kg / cm² allows the use of panels from 20mm, which will provide normal thermal protection. The only drawback is the high cost.
Insulation of the ceiling of the balcony with foam
Thickness polystyrene can be within 50mm, and the density is 15kg / cm², then MDF, PVC or drywall panels are mounted on top. At a density of 25 kg / cm², putty can be applied.
Insulation of the ceiling of the balcony with foam
For ease of installation, marking is carried out taking into account that the plates or sheets of insulation fit well into the prepared crate, determine the level of fastening. It is better to calculate everything in advance at the bottom, then the work at the top will take less time. The thickness of the layers of insulation and finishing should be such as not to interfere with the opening of windows.
Use a different sequence of work:
- Lathing device → installation of insulation → lining.
- Insulation fastening over the entire area → vapor barrier → installation of a wooden crate or frame made of a metal profile → cladding.
If the balcony is located Upstairs buildings, it is important to prevent moisture from the roof from entering the insulation; for this, an additional layer of insulation with polyethylene or foil polyethylene foam is provided under the roof.
The first layer for waterproofing can be a special composition based on bituminous mastic applied to a concrete slab with a brush. The next step is to install a sheet waterproofing.
How to insulate a balcony with foam
Penoplex is a cluster of expanded polystyrene balls with air gaps. Practically does not absorb moisture, has long term service, low thermal conductivity. Plates are produced with a thickness of 2-10 cm.
Foam boards
The lightness of the material does not create an additional load on the carrier plate. It is resistant to deformation, does not emit harmful substances. To increase fire safety, a variety marked C is chosen. Since the walls of the balcony are thin, thick insulation boards are used, which will reduce the useful area of the room.
Under influence sun rays penoplex loses its properties, therefore it is used only as an internal insulation.
The material is easily cut, does not crumble, does not create problems during installation. Used to insulate walls, floors and ceilings. The following fastening types are used:
- Dish-type dowels with plastic cores. This mount is suitable for uneven surfaces, roofs from a metalprofile.
- With a special adhesive applied to a pre-primed surface, it is enough to apply the adhesive in dots or in a zigzag. Adheres well to smooth concrete substrates.
- Glue, with additional fixation, dowels.
Methods for applying glue to foam
Penoplex plates are laid in prepared crate cages or without it, on the entire surface. The use of lathing, especially on the front part, worsens thermal protection.
The fitting of the plates is carried out tightly, the joints are sealed with construction tape or filled with mounting foam. The insulation is covered with a layer of polyethylene with a foil layer. Depending on the purpose of the room, vapor barrier may or may not be used.
Foam insulation is suitable for all types of interior decoration: special plaster, plasterboard, wood and finishing boards.
How to insulate a balcony with foam
One of the most common ways to insulate a balcony (walls, floor, ceiling) is foam. This material at a relatively low cost is capable, with correct installation to provide excellent thermal insulation performance. From others positive qualities, it is worth noting the resistance to adverse weather conditions. It does not absorb moisture, does not collapse under its influence, is resistant to the formation of rot and mold.
Polyfoam does not emit harmful substances, goes well with other materials.
To insulate the balcony, foam plastic is used both outside and inside. Outdoor work for a multi-storey building is best entrusted to specialized organizations for the purpose of safety.
For internal insulation a foam thickness of 4-6 cm is sufficient. If the front part is thinner than the side panels, a thickness of up to 10 cm can be applied. When choosing a thickness for floor insulation, it is necessary to leave a height margin for the installation of the floor itself, and for the ceiling - for opening windows.
Warming is carried out in two ways:
- Adhesive. On flat surfaces that do not require a waterproofing device, foam boards can be glued with special glue (Ceresit ST-85). This method is good for arranging the floor for a subsequent screed or walls for plaster. In this case, when the foam sticks, the glue is applied to its outer surface with a thickness of 2-3 mm. Without waiting for complete drying, they apply a reinforcing mesh, but do not flood it and cover it with another layer of glue.
Adhesive foam insulation
- frame. Since the use of other finishing materials requires additional fastening, suit wooden crate or metal frame. This method is convenient for creating a multilayer cake that provides waterproofing from the outside, and vapor barrier from the inside. Layers can fill the cells of the frame or be located under the bars and on top. The foam itself is cut to the size of the cells so as to fill them as tightly as possible. It is fastened with dowels or self-tapping screws with wide mushroom caps.
Frame method of foam insulation
cracks , emptiness , irregularities are filled with scraps, mounting foam or sealant. After drying, you can attach a layer of vapor barrier over the insulation and the cake is ready for finishing with drywall, plastic panels or other finishing.
How to insulate a plastic balcony
Plastic balconies or decorated with plastic panels, resistant to the effects of the external environment, sunlight, temperature changes. Guaranteed service life quality panels at least 50 years old. They are easy to install, have an affordable price, are easy to maintain and look aesthetically pleasing. Due to the positive characteristics, plastic balconies have gained popularity.
Plastic panels improve the aesthetic appearance, provide sufficient thermal protection to balconies with improved glazing.
Balcony with plastic panels
Sheathing the balcony with plastic is carried out on a mounted wooden frame or metal profile, which reacts poorly to temperature changes and changes in humidity. The device of the frame creates a free space between the walls and finishing panels. It is foolish not to take advantage of this moment and add one of the common heaters to this space. If, at the same time, the seams and joints of the balcony structure are sealed, then even one layer polystyrene, penoplex or mineral wool, filling the cells of the crate, will significantly change the microclimate. And the use of an additional layer of vapor barrier will make it possible to use plastic balcony during all year round as a complete living space.
How to insulate a wooden balcony
Lovers of wood in the interior, support the style on the balcony. Main advantages wooden structures in their ecological purity, favorable microclimate created by breathable material. The texture of wood, supported by modern finishing materials, creates a cozy atmosphere and an attractive look. However, without additional insulation, a wooden balcony can be fully used only in the warm season. In addition, under the influence of the external environment, the tree quickly ages, absorbs moisture, cracks, and rots. Requires fixed costs to maintain open wooden balconies in an attractive way.
wooden balcony
Insulation with installation will help improve consumer qualities glazing and a set of works on waterproofing.
The interior is well supported by frames made of wood of the appropriate species with double glazing, which will allow the balcony to be used as a living space. After their installation, work is carried out to seal cracks, cracks and junctions using mounting foam. The insulation technology is similar to works for structures made of other materials, however, wood requires mandatory hydro and vapor barrier.
Work order:
- Wooden structures of the balcony are treated with means to protect against decay, insects and increase fire resistance. This also applies to the bars for the crate.
- The concrete base is primed.
- Waterproofing is laid on the prepared surfaces. For the floor, roofing material or mastic is used, for walls and ceilings - polyethylene or foil.
- A wooden frame is prepared from bars, which provide the possibility of laying a heater of a selected thickness.
- Insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene or foam plastic) is tightly laid in the cells of the crate. The remaining voids are filled with foam.
- On top of the insulation, a layer of vapor barrier made of foil polyethylene foam, penofol is attached.
- Finishing with wood panels, clapboard. It must be ensured that the weight of the finishing material does not overload the carrier plate of the balcony. Part wooden materials can be replaced with lighter ones, without sacrificing functionality and attractiveness.
To make the insulation of the balcony with your own hands a pleasure and provide an excellent result, think over the goals and tasks in advance, carry out the necessary approvals and measurements. Choose materials according to technical characteristics and your material possibilities. Carry out work in the complex, not missing the little things. And success is guaranteed.
You can also watch a few videos that will help you insulate the balcony with your own hands.
Video
Insulation of balconies and loggias with mineral wool
The technology of insulation of the balcony with foam
Warming and joining a balcony
How to insulate a balcony? The choice of insulation
How to insulate a balcony? Step-by-step instruction
How to insulate a balcony with your own hands: what and how to insulate + video
Having decided to carry out repair work in the apartment, of course, one cannot ignore the loggia or balcony, depending on what exactly is in the apartment. What is the difference between a balcony and a loggia? The balcony is a portable structure, which is based on a balcony slab enclosed by a parapet. The balcony is located behind the outer walls of the main building.
The loggia, in fact, is an integral part of the apartment, although there is a partition in the form of a wall between them. Another significant difference between a loggia and a balcony is their area - that on the loggia is an order of magnitude larger than on the balcony. For this reason, the loggia is insulated and finished, which allows you to turn the latter into an additional living room.
In fact, you can also get out of the balcony extra room, however, for these purposes, it is imperative to involve specialists with a lift, since perform outdoor work apartment buildings independently prohibited by the rules of operation.
Since very often both a balcony and a loggia are called with the same word “loggia”, for the convenience of the reader, we will also combine these two concepts in one word, implying that the balcony is already glazed and can already be considered a loggia (an unglazed balcony is not subject to insulation).
To begin with, it is necessary to determine the scope of the assigned tasks, the amount of purchased materials, prepare necessary tools. And for this you need to know: in order to repair and insulate a balcony / loggia, you will have to do the following:
- Perform glazing (in the case of an open balcony);
- Perform hydro- and vapor barrier of walls and floor;
- Mount the frame for cladding and insulation of the ceiling, walls and floor;
- Laying insulation material;
- Sew up the entire structure obtained with drywall or other cladding material;
- Perform final cladding.
Phased implementation of insulation work
Let's take a closer look at each of the above stages of the process, during which the finishing and insulation of the loggias is carried out.
- Glazing. It is carried out by dismantling old and installing new and modern double-glazed windows. To increase reliability and guarantee the preservation of heat on the loggia even in severe frosts, it is recommended to install a triple or, in extreme cases, a double-glazed window with five-chamber profile. The dismantling and installation of double-glazed windows is most correctly entrusted to specialists, and not performed independently.
In the case of an open type balcony, before glazing it, care should be taken to strengthen the balcony parapet with reinforcement and cement screed.
- Waterproofing and vapor barrier. You can protect the loggia from the penetration of moisture and steam using specialized membrane materials or the most common plastic film. To do this, the walls, ceiling and floor are covered with these materials, fixing the latter with the help of a cobbled crate.
Important: joints waterproofing material must be glued with reinforced construction tape without fail. And the fit of the waterproofing material itself to the insulated surfaces must be tight. If foil material is used as such an insulator, then it should be laid with the shiny side inside the room.
Roofing material looks the most suitable for waterproofing. It is relatively inexpensive, and its waterproofing qualities are more than enough to isolate the loggia well from moisture. In the case of roofing felt, joints can be glued not with reinforced construction tape, but with specially designed bituminous glue. But in this case, this insulator must be overlapped.
- Mounting the frame for insulation. We mentioned this frame a little higher when we indicated how to fix the waterproofing. It should be added that to create such a crate frame, it is necessary to use a bar with a section of 50x50 millimeters. The distance between the bars should correspond to the width of the material slabs with which it is planned to insulate the loggia. That is, if the width, for example, of a foam board is 600 millimeters, then the distance between the beams of the crate should correspond to this indicator.
Such a frame-sheathing is fastened with self-tapping screws with dowels or with wooden caps. To do this, holes are drilled in the wall, dowels / caps are inserted into them, and after this, the crate frame is attached to the surfaces with self-tapping screws over the waterproofing. For greater reliability, it is possible to lay a couple of reinforcing perpendicular jumpers between the bars from the same bar as the frame itself.
- Laying insulation material. This process is the main stage during which the insulation is placed in the cells of the crate. Warming of balconies and loggias is carried out by the most different materials, however, the most popular of these are mineral wool and polystyrene. Their thermal insulation characteristics are approximately the same. But each of these materials has its own characteristics - both negative and positive.
Mineral wool, for example, is very afraid of moisture, requiring more serious vapor and waterproofing, but is absolutely indifferent to the effects of fire. Styrofoam, on the contrary, is not afraid of moisture, but fire and elevated temperatures are its number one enemies. However, there are no high temperatures on the loggia, and humidity with good hydrophobic insulation is also minimized. So, when repairing and insulating the loggia, it is quite acceptable to use one of them or both at once.
As for the fastening methods, they are different for polystyrene and mineral wool. If the first one can be seated on silicone or polyurethane foam, then the second one is attached exclusively special self-tapping screws with a wide hat. General rule is that all the gaps between the crate beam and the insulation must be minimized, otherwise the degree of insulation will be lame.
- Sheathing. When double-glazed windows are installed, waterproofing and insulation materials securely laid, it's time to think about how to sheathe, and most importantly, how to sheathe our loggia. For some reason, many people believe that the sheathing (it is also called finishing) of the loggia is not such an important process as warming. However, we hasten to assure you: this is not so.
Insulation and finishing of the balcony are two successive, inseparable and complementary building processes. If we do not perform insulation, but produce sheathing, we will get just a cold and damp box, nothing more. If, on the contrary, we perform insulation, but refuse the sheathing, we will have not another pretty living room of the apartment, but a high-rise barn with a new double-glazed window.
It is for this very reason that the insulation of the balcony and the finishing of the balcony must be carried out one after the other. Many owners of loggias have a quite reasonable question: what is the best way to sheathe this room? Many use fiberboard, chipboard, plastic and other similar materials for these purposes. We recommend that when repairing a loggia, sheathe it with drywall.
Why exactly them? There are several good reasons for this. Drywall is not too expensive, has a low weight, strong enough and durable. Finishing the loggia with drywall is done naturally and easily, since a person, even very far from construction and repairs, can work with this material.
Drywall sheets are fastened either to a frame made of metal profiles fixed to the wall or ceiling with self-tapping screws. A paving frame-crate is quite suitable, in the cells of which a heater was placed. In both cases, the fastening of drywall sheets is carried out with the same self-tapping screws.
Finishing the loggia with drywall, or rather, its walls, should begin with the parapet. If installed metal profiles, then the starting profiles are attached to the bottom of the window sill with the help of self-tapping screws, and the corresponding level marks are made on the walls along them.
When installing plasterboard sheathing, you should determine in advance the location of switches, lamps, sockets and other fittings and cut them out in advance drywall sheets holes for these items. After the final fixing of the skin, this will be very, very problematic.
- Final cladding. The final stage of repair work on a loggia or glazed balcony is the design of the appearance of this room, that is, the lining of the ceiling and walls. You can perform this with a wide variety of materials, ranging from wallpaper and lining, and ending with tiles or decorative stone.
The only thing that can be noted is the following: if facing material lining is selected, then thermal insulation in the form of foam plastic will not work.
Combining flammable clapboard wood with Styrofoam in an accidental fire will give you very serious problems. Here, isolon or extruded polystyrene foam look the most suitable. By the way, they can be attached directly to the ceiling or wall with adhesives that do not contain toluene. Since both isolon and extruded polystyrene foam are destroyed under its influence.
In conclusion, we note that the repair and insulation of loggias and balconies is not as time-consuming and prohibitively expensive as it may seem to some. The main thing is hardworking hands, a clear mind and, of course, the presence of desire.
