Panel housing can be called an old new trend in housing construction. In our country, it was with this technology that the mass construction of housing began in the 1950s. This was a big step forward in the socio-economic development of the country, as it made it possible to solve the housing problems of many people who lived in communal apartments and dormitories. Besides, this technology was economically beneficial to the state, due to the following advantages:
- construction speed due to in-line production of panels in the factory;
- cost-effectiveness and ease of execution due to the mass introduction of the production of products from concrete and reinforced concrete;
- achievement of the specified quality of concrete and reinforced concrete products in the factory;
- flexibility: the ability to organize the production of panels of any configuration, limited only by the possibilities of their transportation and delivery to the construction site;
Moreover, panel housing construction has replaced brick construction due to such advantages of concrete as:
- relatively low cost;
- high strength characteristics;
- high rates of resilience to climate impacts;
- proven fire safety;
- almost complete absence of installation dependence on weather conditions;
- durability.
However, even in Soviet times, panel and block houses were valued less than brick ones due to the shortcomings of concrete:
- low sound insulation;
- weak heat-shielding properties;
- low biostability.
Already in the first years of the mass introduction of panel housing construction, it became obvious and weak sides technology itself:
- limited room layout options:
- low reliability of joints between reinforced concrete panels.
Nevertheless, today panel housing has become popular again, thanks to the development of design, material production and construction technologies that can successfully deal with the mentioned shortcomings.
Today, reinforced concrete products give wide opportunities both in the field of design and in the field of construction of various buildings and structures. Single-layer panels were replaced by modern ones of two or three layers. Such elements include a layer of effective thermal insulation - durable, bio-resistant, resistant to moisture. Two- and three-layer monolithic panels can be used as load-bearing, self-supporting, as well as hinged structures. They are our own application in the external and internal elements of the building, as well as in unloaded partitions.
The technology for manufacturing reinforced concrete panels has also stepped forward, which allows them to be molded in any way and used various options cladding: plaster, finishing brick, natural or fake diamond, facade tiles etc. Coloring is possible sandblasting outer surface of the panel. Anchors made of metal or reinforced concrete allow you to fix other materials and structures on the surface of the slabs. So today the surface of the façade panel house can have any texture, decor from protruding elements, etc. - the possibilities in this regard are not limited.
But the most important thing is that we are talking about the all-weather technology "constructor with effective layer thermal insulation, which meets all current regulatory requirements, primarily in terms of safety and energy efficiency. The high potential for the introduction of modern reinforced concrete panels with an integrated moisture-bio-resistant insulation is due to the high thermal uniformity of the created building contour and a significant reduction in the weight of one slab. In order to achieve the required values of thermal resistance of the structure for Moscow in reinforced concrete panels, it is necessary to use cotton wool insulation with a thickness of 150 mm and a density of at least 90 kg/m 3 . This insulation is easily replaced by PENOPLEX ® with a thickness of 120 mm and a density of 25 kg/m 3 . Now count how much easier the design will become!
Since the rapid development of classical panel housing construction (1960-70s), mathematical modeling and the possibility of its implementation using computer technology have made an evolutionary leap in our country. Modern calculation programs allow you to design more diverse panels, involving many options for floor planning. Computer programs new generation enable high-quality calculations of butt joints of building structures in panel houses. Great opportunities for high-quality design and construction panel houses today provides BIM modeling that accompanies a house at all stages of its life cycle: from the development of an architectural concept to commissioning and subsequent operation.
Hi-tech allow you to successfully deal with the shortcomings of the concrete itself. A qualitative leap in this respect was the technology of insulating reinforced concrete panels, in other words, the creation of three-layer wall reinforced concrete panels. Since 2017, a modified international standard GOST 31310-2015 “Three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels with effective insulation” has been in force. Are common specifications". These building construction consist of external and internal layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is a layer of effective thermal insulation. General requirements to the heat-insulating layer are determined by paragraph 6.3 of this standard, technical requirements- clause 7.7.
At present, many factories of reinforced concrete products have mastered the use of highly efficient thermal insulation PENOPLEX ® from extruded polystyrene foam in panel housing construction. The PENOPLEX SPb company improves the technology of material application, develops technical solutions for the use of its products in three-layer insulated external wall panels.
According to some reports, the share of panel housing construction in housing construction is up to 40%, and improving the heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures is a very urgent task.
The elevator shaft is equipped with embedded elements for the subsequent assembly of the structure located along the entire height of the building. In some cases, mortgages are not included in the design, then the blocks are mounted on expansion dowels. The use of tubing makes it possible to apply the in-line method of installing elevators in any type of construction.
Since the installation of elevator shaft blocks can be carried out in buildings in buildings with different ceiling heights, structures of different sizes are produced, as well as additional elements.
The task of reinforced concrete products is to ensure the safe comfortable movement of people inside the building, therefore, the quality of materials, the accuracy of compliance with design requirements and professional installation are given Special attention. In order for the elevator cabins to move freely inside the shaft, the following parameters must be observed during the manufacture of reinforced concrete products:
Precise geometry;
- the absence of visible defects - cracks, shells;
- the absence of parts of the reinforcement that are not covered with a layer of concrete of the required thickness.
Features of elevator shafts
Products are designed taking into account the location of the elevator counterweight - behind or to the side of the elevator cabin. The main characteristics of reinforced concrete elevator shafts are:
High strength characteristics;
- wear resistance and durability - the service life of the shaft is several decades and is comparable to the service life of the main load-bearing structures of the building;
- fire resistance. Fire resistance limit - 1 hour or more;
- simple installation and high maintainability;
- resistance to moisture.
The installation of elevator shafts helps to strengthen the main structures of the building and increase its stability.
Elevator Shaft Marking
Like any concrete products of mass demand, the product is subject to mandatory labeling. Alphanumeric designations are applied to the inner surface of the block located behind the elevator cabin.
Designations ShL stand for elevator shafts. The next letter characterizes the type of lift. L - passenger elevator; G - freight elevator.
The numbers after the letters indicate the dimensions of the block. Also, the marking may indicate the presence of additional structural elements and mortgages.
Delivery Lift shafts
Delivery of elevator shafts is carried out by our own transport in Moscow, Moscow, Oryol, Ryazan, Kaluga and other regions of Russia! Delivery calculation can be ordered in the Delivery section.
When delivering an elevator shaft, precautions must be observed. To transport heavy cargo according to GOST, it is allowed only in a horizontal position in special vehicles. When loading / unloading, it is forbidden to move several pieces. Exception: lifting work special devices, where it is allowed to lift several products at the same time.
When stored for open ground a gasket with a thickness of at least 10 cm is placed at the base of the stack, a drain for water is required.
Lift shafts price in Moscow
Lift shafts price per piece. The price depends on their size, thickness, presence / absence of reinforcing additives, reinforcement. In order not to overpay for the goods, it is advisable to order elevator shafts directly from the manufacturer, PSK Perspektiva LLC. So you will receive certified reinforced concrete products with a laboratory conclusion and at the best cost.
Our company can offer you the best balance between quality and cost.
Our price list can be requested to place an order in the section of the site that interests you.
Come and see the prices and make sure that cooperation with us will be beneficial for you.
Our factory LLC PSK "Perspektiva" has been operating since October 2003.
Buy Elevator shafts at the reinforced concrete plant
It is profitable to buy elevator shafts without intermediaries at the Perspektiva reinforced concrete plant. New lift shafts are always available in our warehouses. Now we are increasing production capacity and looking for new reliable partners.
If you are serious about cooperation, please contact us by phone numbers listed in the "Contacts" tab.
Wall exterior concrete and reinforced concrete panels have found the widest application in the construction of houses, as well as industrial and public facilities. Their appearance, more than 50 years ago, was a real breakthrough in construction and made it possible to reduce the period of building construction by several times.
Types of reinforced concrete panels
Reinforced concrete is a monolith of steel reinforcement and concrete. The interaction of these materials is very effective. Concrete stone reliably adheres to metal, protecting it well from rusting. These components complement each other in terms of resistance to different loads.
The resulting structures have significant strength, and only a high-tech tool can help in their processing. IN Lately became in demand diamond drilling holes in concrete.
Note!
The volume of reinforced concrete products is mainly occupied by cheap raw materials - gravel, crushed stone, sand.
Therefore, their price is relatively low.
What varieties exist
Reinforced concrete products are divided into:
- prestressed products;
- analogues reinforced by the usual method.
By density (specific gravity) and brand of concrete:
- super heavy ones from 2.5 t/m³;
- heavy analogues, with a density of 1.8/2.5 t/m³;
- lungs, their specific gravity up to 1.8 t/m³;
- ultralight products, their density is 0.7 t/m³.
According to their structure, reinforced concrete wall panels are divided into:
- monolithic;
- hollow;
- made from one type of solution;
- made from different types mixtures.
Reinforced concrete products can be intended:
- for residential and public buildings;
- for production facilities;
- for engineering structures.
Production Methods
The production of panels is carried out at the factories of reinforced concrete products using different methods.
- Bench technology is designed for the manufacture of large-sized products. The solution is poured into fixed molds. Special units: concrete pavers and vibrators, in turn, approach the stands and perform technological steps.
- The cassette method is a modification of the previous method. The panels are produced in fixed cassettes, which consist of several steel compartments. A frame of reinforcement is placed in the mold, then it is filled with concrete. Heat treatment is carried out by contact, through the walls of the cassettes.
After heating, the walls of the molds are removed, and the panels are removed by an overhead crane. This method produces flat products: wall structures and analogues for ceilings.
- With flow-aggregate technology, molds for products move along the chain from one mechanism to the next. Wet and heat treatment is carried out continuously.
- With the vibro-rolling method, the entire production cycle takes place on a single installation of the in-line principle of operation (vibro-rolling mill). It is a conveyor consisting of rubber-protected steel.
Its tape moves through technological posts. They take place: installation of a frame made of reinforcement, concrete pouring, its compaction by vibration and heat treatment. The instruction recommends that this method be used to produce partition and ceiling panels, as well as external wall slabs made of lightweight concrete.
Technical requirements
State standards impose the most stringent requirements on wall plates.
- Accuracy of standard dimensions, as well as geometric shape.
- Optimal design of joints and nodes.
- The exact location of mortgages.
- Compliance with the standard size and mass of reinforced concrete products with the capabilities of transport and lifting machines.
Note!
A house made of reinforced concrete panels should be constructed from products whose dimensions lie within the limits of deviations and tolerances.
They are determined by GOST No. 130/15.4/84.
- The dimensions of the mortgages in them must comply with the standard values, the error should not exceed 0.5 cm.
- Allowable axial displacement of mortgages is not more than 1 cm.
- These elements should be flush with the plane of the panels or above it - no more than 0.3 cm.
More about wall tiles
Large wall slabs were designed to speed up the pace of construction. For example, a cottage made of reinforced concrete panels can be built in just 2 weeks.
Advantages of reinforced concrete products
The popularity of reinforced concrete panels in mass construction, in addition to the high pace of work, is also explained by their other advantages:
- high strength;
- good bearing capacity;
- acceptable level of thermal insulation;
- 100% fire resistant;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- durability of operation.
Types of panel construction
Panel construction can be frame and frameless.
It depends on which wall slabs are used: enclosing and bearing or only enclosing.
- In frameless buildings, the load of the floors is carried by the wall panels themselves.
- In frame analogues, the supporting functions are performed by frames. Wall plates are used for zoning, fencing, sound and heat insulation.
Factories produce panels, both for external and internal walls.
- According to the structure, external slabs are divided into three categories: single-layer, made from cellular or lightweight concrete and consisting of two or three layers. The latter are made of heavy types of concrete and heat insulator.
- Outside, the structures are covered with facade ceramic tiles, decorative mortar, weather-resistant paints, etc. The inner side of the plates is trimmed and prepared for finishing.
- The height of wall reinforced concrete panels is equal to the height of one floor. Their width extends to 1/2 room (300/720 cm), the thickness can be 20/50 cm. Dimensions of reinforced concrete wall panels for partitions correspond to the dimensions of the premises. Their thickness is 3/16 cm.
Classification of wall slabs
There are different divisions of panels into categories, based on the underlying principle: typical features, purpose, structure, composition of the material.
Plate construction
Manufactured panels are divided into monolithic and composite analogues.
In turn, layered products can be solid or have layers of air.
- Single-layer analogues are made of homogeneous concrete with low thermal conductivity. The thickness of their outer part is 2/4 cm. Inside, the plate is decorated with lining.
- Two-layer plates have a continuous structure. Their bearing layer is made of reinforced concrete mortar. This is the inner part of the panel, which additionally plays the role of a vapor barrier. The outer heat-shielding layer is covered with a cement-sand mortar.
- Reinforced concrete three-layer panels are made of two slabs interconnected by a welded reinforcement frame. A heater is laid between them.
According to the bearing capacity, wall slabs are divided into:
- self-supporting products;
- carrier analogues.
- hanging panels.
partition panels
- These large-sized slabs have a floor height and a length of up to 600 cm. They are intended for the construction of prefabricated buildings.
Note!
For the production of partition panels, ordinary or gypsum concrete with high strength should be used.
The material must have good water resistance and frost resistance.
- Such slabs are reinforced with iron wire mesh or rods made of thermally and mechanically resistant steel, class A / III, AT / IIIC. All steel parts of the product must be coated with anti-corrosion primer.
Single layer boards
- For the production of single-layer wall panels, concrete is used, which has a homogeneous structure and high level thermal insulation. Most often it is a light (cellular) material.
- The outer side of the slabs is covered with a layer of cladding, 2/4 cm thick, to protect them from atmospheric influences.
- How to finish the interior, various plasters, tiles, etc. are used.
Two-layer panels
- The two-layer variety of plates, as a rule, has a continuous structure. The first bearing layer is made of dense reinforced concrete. The other layer is insulating.
- It is located on the outside and covered with a cement-sand mortar.
- The carrier layer is located inside the premises and at the same time serves as a vapor barrier.
Three-layer type of products
Most of all, reinforced concrete three-layer wall panels are now in demand.
- The basis of the three-layer plate is the outer bearing side, the inner panel is attached to it with reinforcement. Due to the gap between them, they decrease heat loss in the building.
- A heat insulator in such products can serve as mineral wool, cement-based fiberboard, foam silicate, polyurethane.
- Three-layer boards have standard sizes and vary in thickness. It is chosen by the designers based on the climate conditions of the area and the thermal parameters of the building.
- This type of panels is made from a mixture of either heavy types of concrete with a class of at least B-12.5.
- Reinforce products with welded meshes or bulk steel frames. All metal parts of the plates are protected with anti-corrosion primers.
- The characteristics of three-layer panels for walls are determined by the standards of GOST No. 31310/2005 and GOST No. 13015/2003.
- If it is necessary to process the slabs during their installation, cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond wheels is carried out.
Product dimensions
- The main criterion for choosing wall plates with your own hands is their size. They must be specified in the design of the building, taking into account its structural schemes and floor plans.
- Dimensions and thickness, size and number of openings, specifications panels are determined based on the project.
- Typical dimensions of slabs for residential buildings: height is one floor, width is one or two rooms. External panels have door and window openings. Plates for partitions are solid or have doorways.
- Panels for industrial facilities have a length of 6 meters, 9 and 12.
Note!
The thickness of the wall slabs should be chosen based on the climate conditions in your area.
The thermal properties of the building materials used are also of great importance.
Manufacturers produce products with a thickness of 20/50 centimeters
Product labeling
Panels are marked with letters and numbers through a dash.
- The first group indicates the type of plate and its dimensions: length, height (in decimeters), thickness (in centimeters).
- The following fragment defines the class and type of concrete: L - light, T - heavy, R - cellular.
- The third part reports on the additional qualities of the product.
For example:
- seismic resistance is more than 7 points - C;
- frost resistance below -40 degrees - M;
- permeability: especially low - O, reduced - P, normal - N.
This group of brands includes indications of the design properties of products:
- their form;
- end configuration;
- type and location of openings, if any;
- the shape of the strobe (if present) at the junctions of adjacent elements;
- type and location of rebar outlets and embeds;
- the presence of a reinforcing structure to reduce loads due to uneven foundation deformations.
Let's give an example of marking: PST 598-300-20.
- PST - three-layer wall panel;
598 cm - its length;
300 cm - its height;
20 cm is its width.
Conclusion
Reinforced concrete panels of fences, walls and ceilings are an integral part of modern mass construction. The use of new technologies, materials and design solutions in their manufacture makes it possible to optimize the construction of buildings.
If you get acquainted with the video in this article, you will get a lot more useful information.
Fully complying with the requirements of standards, technology and GOST for multi-storey buildings, we have added a number of improvements regarding freer layouts, increased heat savings, appearance, quality of production and installation of panels, so that your home has the best performance modern private house.
EXTERIOR WALL PANELS
Reinforced concrete panels for building a house (External three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels) are made according to individual design drawings, in accordance with the requirements of the current GOST 31310-2015 "Three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels with effective insulation." High-rise multi-storey panel houses are built from the same panels.
Three-layer reinforced concrete panel consists of three layers:
External protective and decorative reinforced concrete layer 70 mm thick.
The middle layer of effective insulation with a thickness of 200-400 mm.
Internal bearing reinforced concrete layer 120 mm thick.
The inner and outer reinforced concrete layers are made of heavy concrete of class B25 on crushed granite and steel reinforcement of class A500C. Depending on the design calculations, a double mesh of reinforcement is laid in the inner layer and a single mesh in the outer layer.
The outer and inner reinforced concrete layers are connected to each other using rigid diagonal ties made of of stainless steel PD and PPA from the Finnish manufacturer Peikko Group.
The thickness of the middle layer of insulation is determined thermotechnical calculation and can be up to 400 mm. In the basic configuration of houses from the INPANS company, the insulation in the panels has a thickness of 200 mm. With an EPPS insulation thickness of 200 mm, the heat transfer resistance coefficient of the wall is 5.97 (m².˚C)/W, which is 2 times higher than the Russian requirements for heat saving and meets more stringent European standards.
As a heater, we use materials that have the appropriate certificates, confirming their safety and service life in three-layer reinforced concrete panels for at least 50 years:
Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS). This insulation has one of the lowest thermal conductivity among other similar products. It is characterized by chemical resistance, high compressive strength, water and steam impermeability, as well as resistance to mold and mildew. Thus, extruded polystyrene foam not only provides thermal insulation, but also effectively prevents the impact of a number of other destructive and negative factors.
Stone wool. For three-layer reinforced concrete panels, we use specially designed high-strength stone wool with vertical and horizontal grooves, which form a ventilation gap for ventilation of the insulation and removal of the resulting condensate. Stone wool is a non-combustible material, and the thermal conductivity index stone wool 20% lower than EPS.
*In agreement with the Customer, other types of insulation can be used.
In a three-layer design reinforced concrete wall, any insulation is reliably protected by the outer reinforced concrete layer from possible negative effects on it from environment(UV radiation, precipitation, and others), and the inner reinforced concrete layer does not allow the constituent substances of the insulation to penetrate into your home. In addition, the inner reinforced concrete layer will protect the insulation from the consequences of a possible fire.
MANUFACTURE OF WALL PANELS
For the production of reinforced concrete wall panels for the construction of a private house, as well as for multi-storey buildings, modern expensive equipment is required, which only large precast concrete plants have. Since 2014, the INPANS company has been successfully cooperating with the SiB-center reinforced concrete plant located near St. civil engineering. Also, we have agreements on the production of wall panels with factories located in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Novocheboksarsk.
Concrete concrete plant "SiB-center", in particular, has at its disposal six molding tables / pallets measuring 4.25x16.5 m with vibration compaction systems and lifting at an angle of up to 80 degrees, equipped with magnetic side equipment, which are the basis for the production of three-layer and single-layer wall panels .
Wall panel production equipment allows you to produce wall panels with any individual characteristics(outer dimensions, thickness, dimensions of window and door openings) up to 16 meters long and up to 4 meters high, however, deliver such oversized cargo to the construction site is usually very expensive, and often not possible at all. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements for standard cargo transportation, we manufacture panels maximum height 3.32 m (floor height 3.1 m) and maximum length 7.8 m.
In most cases such maximum dimensions enough to realize any project at home and minimize the amount interpanel seams, and panel joints should be made in the alignment of load-bearing internal walls and / or partitions.
Window and door openings are laid on the basis of the project, their dimensions can be of almost any width and height, in addition, it is possible to make arched openings, round or any other shape.
For installation of windows and doors in window and doorways between reinforced concrete layers is installed wooden plank 50 mm thick over the entire width of the insulation, with the help of fasteners, the board is securely monolithic.
Also in the outer reinforced concrete layer in window openings so-called "quarters" are formed for better installation of windows.
FACADE SOLUTIONS
Considering all the results of the accumulated years of experience in the design, construction and operation of large-panel multi-storey buildings, as well as the possibility of using modern materials and approaches to the manufacture of wall panels, the INPANS company has tested and is ready to offer you a number of reliable and inexpensive solutions to give the facade of your house expressiveness and individuality:
Forming the outer surface. Before pouring the concrete mix, special matrix sheets imitating various facade materials are laid on the molding table. After pouring and hardening of the concrete mixture, an imprint remains on the outer surface of the panel that exactly repeats not only the contour, but also the texture, for example, brick, stone, wooden beam. Matrix sheets can be made for almost any material. The concrete surface molded in this way will not be erased over time and will always remain unchanged.
To create this texture, a special composition is applied to the outer surface of the panel during the production process, which prevents the hardening of a small layer of concrete 3-5 mm deep. After solidification of the main mass of concrete and raising the panel to a vertical position, the uncured layer is washed off by the pressure of water and the crushed granite present in the concrete mixture appears on the surface. The facade turns out, as it were, sprinkled with small granite pebbles. This solution does not require staining.
Scratched concrete. This texture is created by passing over the surface of only set concrete with special hard brushes. The brushes are left on concrete surface traces-grooves, creating the effect of "scratched concrete". Grooves can be pulled both vertically and horizontally.
Finishing facade materials. At your request, outside surface also, it can be lined with any other facade materials ( clinker brick, wooden planken, fiber cement siding, etc.).
Using these textures separately or combining them, you can implement almost any design solution on the facade of your house.
Most of the facade solutions are implemented in the process of manufacturing wall panels; the panels come to the site already with a finished finish.
INTERNAL BEARING PANELS
Internal load-bearing reinforced concrete wall panels are produced on the same equipment as three-layer external panels. They consist of one layer of B25 class heavy concrete and steel reinforcement. The thickness of the internal load-bearing panels, depending on the design solutions, ranges from 120 to 180 mm.
Openings in internal load-bearing walls, as well as in external ones, can be made rectangular, arched or of another shape.
The quality of the inner surface of the outer and inner panels is even and does not require leveling plaster, it is enough to apply finishing putty, or, for example, in the bathroom, immediately glue the tiles. Tolerances for differences along the entire plane of the panel are not more than 3-5 mm.
In addition, unlike walls made of block materials such as brick, gas silicate and other blocks, inner surface reinforced concrete panels has no technological seams and is homogeneous. Cracking is impossible on them, and when decorating walls, the use of a reinforcing mesh is not required.
The joints of the panels inside the house (panel joints) are sealed with concrete during their installation. Corner interpanel seams have a width of only 80-120 mm and are made in the plane of the walls. And we design and make interpanel seams of linear panels in the alignment of load-bearing walls or partitions in order to hide them.
In the manufacture of external and internal reinforced concrete panels, they can be embedded with strobes for electrical wiring and other technological holes according to your project. This greatly simplifies and speeds up the process of laying engineering communications.
For the possibility of a variety of planning solutions, the designers of the INPANS company try to make minimal amount internal load-bearing walls, and in some solutions you can do without them at all. The main task of internal load-bearing walls is to serve as a support for floor slabs.
FLOOR PLATES
As floors We use proven and reliable hollow core slabs overlapping grades PB and PC. Thanks to modern equipment, PB slabs can be made of any length, while floor slabs with a thickness of 220 mm can cover a span of up to 7 meters, and slabs with a thickness of 265 mm can cover a span of up to 10 meters. The standard floor slab width is 1.2 m.
In addition to the standard width, PB slabs can be cut lengthwise into additional slabs (290, 470, 650, 830, 1010 mm in size). In addition, PB slabs can be cut diagonally without loss of bearing capacity.
If necessary, make a balcony slab, a slab with cantilever support or with non-standard holes (for example, for chimneys large diameter) such slabs are made completely monolithic, by analogy with internal load-bearing walls, according to the relevant drawings with the reinforcement necessary for each specific case.
For large openings in hollow core floor slabs (for example, for a stairway or installation of ventilation shafts), we use standard PETRA® steel brackets from the Finnish manufacturer Peikko Group, which allow opening an opening up to 2.4 meters wide (width of 2 standard floor slabs) .
The variability of modern floor slabs allows you to perform any space-planning solution for the design of your house, and their installation takes only a few hours.
DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION OF WALL PANELS
Wall panels are delivered from the factory by panel trucks, a standard panel truck can bring panels with a total length of 2X7.8 meters and a total weight of not more than 20 tons. As a rule, wall panels for two-story house 10x10 meters are delivered by 10 flights of standard panel carriers. As a rule, delivery and installation of wall panels is made in one day.
Important! It is necessary to have or arrange an access road for panel carriers and a platform for a truck crane to the construction site.
Installation of wall panels on the foundation is carried out by a truck crane, which is located between the foundation and panel carriers. The truck crane removes the wall panels from the panel carrier and immediately sets them in the design position on the foundation. The process of installing one panel on average takes 15-20 minutes. And all wall panels of one floor are mounted within one or two days, depending on their number.
Important! The choice of a truck crane is based on the weight of the wall panels and the distance that the panel needs to be moved. In our practice, we have used cranes with a lifting capacity of 25 to 120 tons.
Wall panels are mounted in the design position, previously marked on the foundation, on the underlying mortar layer and fixed on temporary supports (struts):
Immediately after the installation of the wall panels, floor slabs are laid on them, the gaps between the floor slabs are reinforced:
The wall panels are connected to each other by embedding the joints of the inner bearing layer with heavy concrete. To connect the wall panels to each other, steel cable loops from the Finnish manufacturer Peikko Group are laid at the horizontal ends of the carrier layer with a step of 400-500 mm. When wall panels are installed side by side, the cable loops of adjacent panels intersect, forming a node into which the reinforcement is inserted.
With this technology of joining the inner reinforced concrete layer of wall panels, the interpanel seam becomes airtight, it does not let wind or moisture from the street through.
After the concrete has set in monolithic areas, temporary supports (struts) are removed and you can proceed with the installation of the panels of the next floor.
This wall panel installation technology is also used in the construction of modern multi-storey prefabricated buildings, and is rightfully considered the most advanced in the industry.
Wall panels practically do not shrink, and to interior decoration You can start immediately after the completion of construction and installation work.
PANEL JOINTS
After embedding, the internal bearing reinforced concrete layer completely excludes the penetration of moisture and wind into the house from the street, a strip of mineral wool is installed in the gap between the insulation or this place is filled mounting foam. Then, a foamed polyethylene bundle is inserted into the alignment of the outer reinforced concrete layer and a sealant for interpanel joints is applied on top, which can be painted in the color of the facade. Unlike multi-storey buildings, for our houses we make seams only 20-25 mm wide.
To hide the interpanel seams outside the house, they can simply be painted in the same color as the facade, or covered, for example, with corner clinker or fiber cement tiles, or other materials can be used.
INTERIOR PARTITIONS
Non-load-bearing internal walls (partitions) can be made of any materials you wish. The company "INPANS" offers to make partitions from moisture-resistant full-bodied tongue-and-groove slabs (GWP). Partitions can be made of single-layered 80 or 100 mm thick PGP, as well as multi-layered with a layer of mineral wool between two partitions to increase sound insulation between rooms.
The term of installation of internal partitions is 1-2 weeks, and is carried out simultaneously with the installation of the attic floor and roof.
ATTIC FLOOR
If there is a cold attic in your house, attic flooring is carried out according to wooden beams with a step of 600 mm, between which a layer of insulation (mineral wool) 200 mm thick is laid, then another layer of mineral wool 100 mm thick is laid crosswise on top of the ceiling.
Thus, the total thickness of the insulation is 300 mm, such insulation is included in the basic package of our houses.
From below, the overlap is hemmed with a vapor barrier film to prevent moisture from entering the insulation from inside the room.
PITCHED ROOF
The pitched roof is made according to wooden rafters, then a wind-moisture protective membrane, crate and counter-crate are attached. Depending on your wishes and architectural solutions, finish coating is arranged. The most common are metal or soft shingles.
When choosing materials finish coat roofs, we recommend using only quality materials with validated manufacturer's warranty.
FLAT ROOF
Device flat roof made on reinforced concrete floor slabs, with the installation of reinforced concrete parapets around the entire perimeter of the house. The ceiling is insulated with extruded polystyrene foam, a slope is made, the lower layer of waterproofing and a double layer of upper waterproofing. Drainage funnels, ventilation and chimney ducts are also arranged.
Do you have any questions? We will gladly answer them.
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Three-layer wall panels are used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings, cottages and industrial facilities.
They are manufactured in the factory from three plates, which are interconnected by a reinforcing cage.
Heat-saving material is placed in the free space. The release of such panels made it possible to speed up and optimize the construction process.
Consider the types of reinforced concrete slabs and their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, regulatory requirements for production.
Panel Features
Depending on the design features reinforced concrete wall panels are divided into types:
| № | Kinds | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Single layer | They are made of concrete on porous aggregates: foam concrete, aerated concrete, ash gravel. Expanded clay, slag, etc. serve as fillers. The outer side is covered with a facing layer 2-4 mm thick to protect the panel from moisture and other atmospheric influences. Inner part plaster. |
| 2 | Double layer | Produced from two layers: outer and insulating. Attached to the inside of the plate insulation material, cover it cement mortar. Install the structure with the heat-saving side inward. |
| 3 | Three-layer | They are made in the form of a sandwich of two outer plates and a heater between them. They have enhanced properties to keep warm and not let in street noise. |
Depending on their design features, the panels receive and distribute the loads that fall on them in different ways. Depending on the resistance to stress, they are divided into:
| Type depending on load resistance | Characteristics | Manufacturing materials |
|---|---|---|
| Carriers | They accept and distribute loads from their mass, ceilings, finishing materials. | Blocks from small to large. Internal panels are made hollow, solid, often ribbed or with ribs located along the contour of the plate. |
| Self-supporting | They accept loads of their own weight and wind effects and transfer them to frame part the buildings. | Large panels. |
| Mounted | Maintain within one floor wind loads And own strength gravity. | Multilayer lightweight energy efficient materials. Serve as a protective structure. |
Mineral wool, fiberglass and other fireproof materials serve as a heater.
The outer layer is made depending on the requirements for operational, protective, decorative properties.
It can be finished with concrete, tiles, natural stone, sprinkled with decorative gravel or painted with facade paint.
For the installation of walls and in heated housing construction, multilayer wall panels are used, the design of which includes: outer protective-finishing, heat-saving and bearing layers.
wall panel requirements
Wall panels undergo strict quality control and compliance with requirements Wall panels used in construction must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents:
- strict compliance with sizes and geometric shapes;
- high rates of heat saving and sound insulation;
- high strength, low specific gravity;
- fire resistance;
- high-quality reinforcement, all intersections of the reinforcement must be fastened together by welding;
- quality of docking connections;
- resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences;
- economy.
High stability of reinforced concrete wall panels is ensured when they are connected to each other and to ceilings. Concrete concrete panels themselves are not sufficiently stable due to their shape: large length, width and small thickness.
Flaws
The disadvantages of reinforced concrete slabs include the fact that, due to the large weight and size, it is necessary to involve special equipment during the transportation and installation of blocks.
How to distinguish high-quality concrete products
Without special equipment, the quality of the concrete used in the manufacture cannot be determined. But there are a few tricks on how to visually try to establish the quality of a wall panel. 
The brand of concrete can be determined by color:
If defects and thin reinforcement are visible during external examination, then most likely the plate is of poor quality The surface of the plate must be free of cracks, chips, and other defects. The reinforcement must not protrude from the concrete slab.
According to GOST, the hinges are made of metal with a thickness of more than 10 mm.
If you see that the loops are made of thin metal, we can assume that they also saved on internal reinforcement.
If during the inspection at least one of the described shortcomings was revealed, it is better not to buy such wall panels. Having saved on material, you will lose on the fact that the building will last much less and will need to perform frequent repairs.
Panel marking
Each wall panel is marked, which allows you to find out its characteristics Reinforced concrete products must be marked with letters and numbers written through a dash.
The first group of characters indicates the purpose and dimensions designs. An example of marking PST 700-350-25, where the length is 700 cm, the width is 350 cm, the thickness is 25 cm.
The last part of the marking indicates additional parameters:
- resistance to seismic ground vibrations greater than 7 points is denoted by the letter C;
- the possibility of operation at temperatures lower than 40 degrees, the letter M;
- permeability: normal - N, reduced - P, very low - O.
The following parameters are also indicated in the marking:
- Shape, end face configuration.
- Location and dimensions of door and window openings.
- type and location.
- The presence and shape of strobes in the junctions of adjacent elements.
For construction, you need to purchase reinforced concrete slabs manufactured according to all the requirements of the standards. In this case, housing construction will be reliable and warm. Read more about three-layer installation reinforced concrete structures see in this video:
Most the best option For energy efficient construction is the use of three-layer reinforced concrete panels.
