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What you need to know about window openings - 4 important rules for the beginner builder

In modern housing construction, few people adhere to established standards and restrictions on window openings, so each owner of housing under construction tries to choose their shape and size based on their own taste and personal preferences.

In some cases, this approach leads to the fact that an already finished window suddenly turns out to be too small or too large, and sometimes even turns out to be installed in the wrong place.

In order to avoid such situations, in this article I propose to consider the main issues regarding right choice type and location of windows, as well as common standard sizes window openings for residential and utility rooms.

Rule 1. What criteria should the window meet

For those homeowners who wish to equip their future home with window openings in accordance with GOST, I recommend that you familiarize yourself with the regulatory and technical document GOST 23166-99 “Window blocks. Are common specifications". At the same time, I want to warn you right away that this document contains a lot of specialized technical information, which in most cases may turn out to be incomprehensible and useless for many private developers.

So that the reader does not puzzle over this issue, then I will try to explain in an accessible language the main provisions of the current State Standard for windows:

1. When choosing specifications for the future window opening, first of all, you need to be guided by the room in which the window will be located and for what purposes it will be used;
2. The total glazing area of ​​one or more window openings must ensure the free passage of the required amount of natural sunlight, which should be sufficient to avoid the use of artificial lighting during daylight hours;
3. All sizes according to GOST window openings, in principle, are standardized, however, in accordance with current standards, they can vary within a fairly wide range. Therefore, in the next section, I plan to pay more attention to this issue.

1. The sound insulation class, air permeability and water tightness class, light transmission coefficient, heat transfer resistance value, and sound insulation value must be within the established limits of this normative technical document;
2. Estimated service life of wooden and plastic frames must be at least 20 and 40 years, respectively, the service life of fittings and double-glazed windows must be at least 20 years, and the service life of a set of rubber seals must be at least 5 years.
3. The number of opening / closing cycles of swing or sliding doors, while maintaining normal performance, must be at least 20,000.

During the design and construction of a house, I recommend using standard sizes of window openings for plastic windows, since the manufacture of double-glazed windows irregular shape or non-standard sizes can cost significantly more.

Rule 2. Typical dimensions of window openings in apartment buildings

Window and door openings in apartments multi-storey buildings are part of the outer bearing walls buildings, therefore, changing their dimensions, or making any other changes to the design, is strictly prohibited by the current Building Regulations and Rules (SNiP). At the same time, in order to replace or install new windows, homeowners need to know at least the approximate size of the external glazing in all rooms of the apartment.

In most cases, each type and each series of multi-storey buildings have standard windows, and to make it easier for the reader to navigate, I will give further approximate dimensions window openings in typical residential apartments:

1. The houses of the old housing stock, built at the beginning of the last century, are distinguished by elongated rooms, thick walls and high ceilings, so the window openings in such houses most often have a rectangular vertical shape and are quite large:

• In such apartments, the width of a single-leaf window can be from 850 to 1150 mm, and the average height is about 1900 mm, but sometimes it can reach 2100 mm;
• Two wings usually have the same height, but their width can be from 1200 to 1500 mm;
• Tri-leaf windows are rare, while their maximum dimensions can reach 2400x2100 mm.

1. The so-called "Stalinist houses", which were built in the period from the 30s to the 60s of the last century, in addition to high ceilings, are distinguished by large and spacious rooms with a separate layout, so single-leaf windows in such apartments are almost never found:

• Double-leaf windows have two standard sizes: 1150x1950 mm, and 1500x1900 mm;
• For three-leaf windows at that time there was one standard - 1700x1900 mm.

1. Typical five-story residential buildings that were built in the period from the early 50s to the mid-80s of the last century are commonly called "Khrushchevs". They have a cramped, uncomfortable layout with small kitchens and small walk-through rooms, and standard height ceilings is no more than 2500 mm. For the manufacture of windows in such apartments, two standard sizes were used, and they are easy to determine even without a tape measure, according to the shape and width of the window sill:

• If the window has a wide massive window sill, then its dimensions are 1450x1500 mm for a two-leaf opening, and 2040x1500 mm for a three-leaf opening;
• In apartments with a narrow window sill that practically does not protrude beyond the plane of the wall, the dimensions of two-leaf and three-leaf windows are 1300x1305 mm and 2040x1350 mm, respectively.

1. Newer Brezhnevka houses were built in the 70s and 80s, along with the Khrushchevs, and their main positive difference lies in the improved layout and larger kitchen area. Sample projects there are several series of such houses, and in each series the sizes of windows differ slightly from each other:

• Of all the Brezhnevkas, the 600th series is distinguished by the most big windows, since in such apartments the double-leaf opening has dimensions of 2380x1420 mm, and the three-leaf opening - 2690x1420 mm;
• In the 602 series, a two-leaf window has a size of 1210x1450 mm, and a three-leaf window has a size of 2100x1450 mm;
• The 606th series has the smallest windows: two-leaf - 1450x1410 mm, and three-leaf - 1700x1410 mm.

1. Modern new buildings are considered to be apartment buildings, which were built from the 90s of the last century to the present. Sample projects modern houses are presented in more than 40 different series, so I will give the dimensions of window openings for several of the most common type series:

• 137th series two doors - 1150x1420 mm, three doors - 1700x1420 mm;
• 504th series two doors - 1450x1410 mm, three doors - 1700x1410 mm;
• 504D series two doors - 1420x1100 mm, three doors - 1420x2030 mm;
• 505th series two doors - 1410x1450 mm, three doors - 1410x2030 mm;
• 600.11 series two doors - 1410x1450 mm, three doors - 1410x2050 mm;
• The 600D series has only two sashes, in which case the dimensions of the window openings can be 1420x2680 mm, 1100x2360 mm or 1420x2360 mm.

I want to remind you that all the presented dimensions are approximate, and are intended for an approximate calculation of the cost of manufacturing new windows. I strongly do not recommend using the indicated values ​​when ordering window frames, since in each case, all measurements for a plastic window must be carried out directly at the installation site.

Rule 3. Dimensions and location of windows in private houses

When designing and building private houses, I advise you to choose the size and shape of window openings taking into account the requirements of the same regulatory document GOST 23166-99 “Window blocks. General technical conditions". At the same time, I should note that private developers have more room for maneuver, since this document does not establish any rigid framework and restrictions:

1. In order not to violate the conceptual style of a residential building project, when developing the size and number of window openings, one must take into account the height of the ceilings, the total number of floors, the area and width of each room, as well as others. architectural features building;

1. The optimal height and width of windows should be determined based on the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, and the required level;
2. Glazing area and standard sizes of window openings in private houses are regulated by SNiP P-A862. According to the requirements of this standard, in residential and sleeping quarters, the total area of ​​​​the light opening should be at least 1/8 of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200beach room;
3. For glazing non-residential and household premises, these dimensions in a private house can be reduced up to 4 times. Thus, in a toilet, bathroom, pantry or boiler room, the window area can be no more than 3% of the total area of ​​​​the room;

1. In regions with a cold climate and a short daylight hours, the direction of the windows is best oriented to the south or southwest side of the house;
2. In a hot climate with a large number of sunny days a year, for less influence of the sun on the internal microclimate, windows should be located on the north or east side of the house;
3. The ease of use and functional qualities of windows in various rooms largely depend on the height at which the window sill is located relative to the level of the finished floor. From own experience I recommend using the following values:

• In the living room, bedroom or children's playroom optimal height from the floor level to the window sill is 700-900 mm. This size provides a good panoramic view and the most efficient transmission of natural sunlight;
• For the kitchen, the height of the window sill can be from 800 to 1200 mm. This is due to the fact that the window sill should be flush with the sink and countertops of kitchen furniture;

• In a toilet, bathroom or bath, it is customary to make the height of the window sill at least 1600 mm. This is done to ensure quality natural ventilation, and at the same time make it as difficult as possible to peep outsiders for residents during intimate procedures;
• On insulated balconies, verandas and closed summer terraces, the window sill should lie on top of the side railing, while its height can be from 700 to 1100 mm.
• In household and utility rooms the light opening is usually made in the form of a low window or a wide horizontal window, which is installed at a level of 1600-1800 mm from the floor.

When choosing a place to install windows in a country house, I advise you to pay attention not only to technical points but also on the aesthetic side of the issue. There are no trifles in this business, for example, neat beautiful brickwork and stylish exterior finish window openings have a significant positive impact on appearance facade, and on the aesthetic appearance of the whole house as a whole.

Rule 3. Features of the arrangement of window openings in a brick house

For arranging a window in a wall brick house, in accordance with the technical design, starting from a given height, several rows of bricks do not fit, resulting in brickwork a window opening is formed.

In order not to go into the technical details of the work of masons, below I will talk about what a quarter is in window opening what it is used for, and how to make an opening for wood or metal plastic window in a brick house.

1. I want to say right away that the width of the opening with inside houses should always be made a few centimeters wider than the design dimensions of the window frame. Thus, in the top view, a ledge is formed in the side walls, which is called a quarter;

1. During installation, wooden or plastic window frame installed from inside the house in the extension of the slope, and rests with its front part against the rear edge of the quarter;
2. Thus, high-quality thermal and waterproofing of the window is ensured. This is achieved due to the fact that cold wind and slanting rain from the street cannot directly penetrate the gap between the outer slope and the window frame.
3. After the laying of the side walls is completed, it is necessary to lay the top window slab on the top row of bricks. It is a horizontal jumper, which should take on the load from all other rows of bricks and ceilings located above the window opening;
4. As a jumper, thin is most often used. reinforced concrete beam 250-300 mm wide, metal channel or thick-walled steel corner with a section of at least 120x120 mm;

1. The main disadvantage of steel lintels is that the metal has a high thermal conductivity, so the so-called cold bridges are formed above the windows. To minimize the possibility of low temperatures entering the home, decorative trim outside the house must be made using heat-insulating materials;
2. The jumper should be of such length that after laying it completely covers the window opening, and goes from above to the side brick walls not less than 100 mm on each side;
3. After installing the jumper, I advise you to once again check the conformity of the dimensions of the window opening, and then proceed with the further laying of the next rows of bricks above the window opening;
4. Installation of window blocks, sealing the remaining gaps and fine finish inside is usually done at the very end, after the whole house is built and the roof is mounted, so I plan to talk about installing windows separately in the next article.

To make with your own hands arched window semicircular or oval, I advise you to use two metal corners or a channel of a suitable section as an overlap. To do this, you need in one of the shelves of each corner, or in two narrow shelves channel, using a grinder, make many deep cuts at a distance of 50-100 mm from each other. After that, any profile metal rolling will be easy to bend into an arc along the desired radius.

Rule 4. Arrangement of a window opening in an aerated concrete house

The manufacture of window openings in an aerated concrete house is generally carried out according to the same principles as in brick houses. The exception is load-bearing elements and upper horizontal lintels, since they are cast from monolithic reinforced concrete directly at the installation site.

1. For making vertical load-bearing elements at home, special hollow aerated concrete blocks are used. After they are installed on top of each other, a vertical cavity is formed inside them in the form of a well;

1. These blocks perform the functions fixed formwork . Reinforcement is installed inside the resulting well, and then liquid concrete mortar is poured to the very top;
2. After curing concrete mortar, inside the aerated concrete blocks a monolithic reinforced concrete column which has a high bearing capacity. I recommend initially laying such columns in the project, and placing them at the corners of the house, as well as along the edges of wide window and doorways;
3. Upper window coverings have a similar internal organization, only open-top U-shaped blocks made of heavy grades of aerated concrete are used as fixed formwork for pouring concrete mortar.

• Inside the finished window opening, vertical supports from scraps of thick bars or steel pipes must be installed and rigidly fixed;

• Fix a thick, even board flat on top of them, and then lay out the U-shaped blocks in such a way that they form the upper edge of the window opening with their lower plane;
• In the resulting hollow gutter, you need to lay the reinforcing cage, and weld its ends to the protruding bars of the reinforcement of the vertical columns, and then fill the entire gutter to the top with liquid concrete;
• After the solution hardens, a rigid bulkhead of monolithic reinforced concrete is formed above the window opening, closed on all sides by aerated concrete blocks.

1. IN aerated concrete houses preparing windows for PVC mounting windows can begin only after the final solidification and maturation of the monolithic-concrete mixture. Depending on the brand of concrete solution, this period can last from 14 to 28 days.

Aerated concrete has an open, finely porous structure, due to which it strongly absorbs moisture, therefore, under the influence of precipitation, it can crack and collapse over time. To prevent this from happening, I advise you not to waste time, and immediately after construction, perform a protective and decorative design on the outside of aerated concrete houses, using hydrophobic moisture-repellent finishing materials.

Conclusion

In this article, I talked about installing windows in brick and aerated concrete houses, and deliberately did not mention wooden log cabins here, because the installation of windows and embedding in wooden house- This is a topic for a completely separate article. The fact is that during the construction of log cabins and frame-panel houses from wood, you need to take into account a lot of specific points that are not inherent in houses made of mineral building materials.

To visually consolidate the information received, I recommend watching the attached video in this article, and if you have any comments or suggestions, I am ready to discuss them in the comment form.

The construction of buildings and structures is a complex multi-stage process, associated with many approvals and requirements. The design must be strong, durable, earthquake-resistant. Therefore, designing precedes the construction - thinking and miscalculations on paper. In order not to start the calculations anew each time, they created special standards, adhering to which you can quickly build high-quality buildings. Construction standards provide for all the nuances: the materials to be used, the dimensions of the buildings, as well as the dimensions of window and door openings. The window opening should provide desired level natural light, while the strength of the structure should not suffer. A standard doorway should provide free access to the room, not only for people, but also for furniture. The application of standards for window and door openings facilitates the work of manufacturers of door panels and window frames.

Entrance and interior doors in the house: standard size and width of the doorway

Standard sizes of doors and doorways are indicated in special documents - SNiPs. Depending on the type of premises (residential, bathroom, administrative) and the type of doors (interior, entrance), the following standards are distinguished:

• Interior doors: opening height 1970 mm and 2070 mm, door height 1900 mm and 2000 mm. Opening width: 620, 670, 770, 870 and 970 mm, door leaf width: 550, 600, 700, 800, 900 mm. In this case, the thickness of the box should be 108 mm.
• Entrance doors: opening height 2065 mm and 2165 mm, leaf height 2000 mm and 2100 mm, respectively. The opening width is 930, 980 and 1030 mm, and the web width is 800, 850, 900 mm.

These are the standards of “single” doors, double doors are also installed: two sheets of 550 mm each allow you to get an opening under the door, the dimensions of which will be 1100 mm.

Of course, the size of the doorway can be changed, but in this case you will have to order doors customized size. Moreover, resizing is referred to as re-planning and requires special permission from the architectural department. A significant increase in the doorway can weaken the structure and cause structural failure.

Another option is also possible, if there is a doorway of non-standard sizes, its geometry is changed (extra sections are laid) and standard doors are installed.

Continuing the conversation about standard door sizes, it is worth mentioning that we mean ordinary swing doors. However, in Lately Sliding doors are increasingly being used to save space for opening/closing doors as much as possible.

opening dimensions for sliding doors depend on the design of the doors (there are compartment doors, "accordion", etc.).

Regular and non-standard width and height of the window opening: how to design correctly

Unlike doorways and door sizes, the situation with window openings and windows is somewhat different. During construction, although they adhere to the standards laid down in SNiPs, the sizes of windows still vary greatly, because the area of ​​the horse is usually calculated based on the square of the room. Therefore, in houses various types there will be windows different size. For example, in a standard panel house, two-leaf windows have a size of 1300x1400 mm, three-leaf windows have a size of 2050x1400 or 2070x1400 mm. In "Khrushchev" the size depends on the width of the window sill. In apartments with wide window sills, double-leaf windows have a size of 1450X1500 mm, three-leaf windows - 2040X1500 mm. If the window sills are narrow, then the window sizes are smaller: 1300X1350 mm and 2040X1350 mm.

They regulate the manufacture of windows in such a way that the maximum area of ​​a window product made of plastic profiles is no more than 6 m2. Also, the opening sash in its area should not exceed 2.5 m2.

Only by observing the standards and regulations of GOST, it is possible to make glazing of high quality, reliable and practical. For example, if you decide to build Vacation home With panoramic windows, then it is worth taking into account the fact that the windows should be no more than 6 m2.

In this case, you will get rid of many problems, and it will not be difficult to find a manufacturer. Almost all companies will be able to offer solutions for glazing such a house.

If you decide to buy ready-made windows in production or from a construction company, then pay attention to the area of ​​​​the opening elements. If it is more than 2.5 m2, then check for certificates for specialized safety tests, because. the area above the specified norm is not subject to standards.

When choosing double-glazed windows, pay attention to the weight of the opening doors, it should not exceed 80 kg. Otherwise, it may cause the critical part to be exceeded.

For reference: The sash of a three-chamber double-glazed window (3 glasses of 4 mm) with an area of ​​2.5 m2 weighs about 75 kg.

Hinged window sashes should open inside the premises in all residential premises, except for the ground floor premises and windows overlooking balconies and loggias. Other cases of opening should be prescribed in the project documentation.

Blind window dimensions

Rarely does anyone order windows with 2 or 3 (depending on the window) opening sashes. As a rule, the second and third leaves remain deaf, i.e. do not open. :

5.1.6 The use of non-opening sashes in window blocks of premises of residential buildings above the first floor is not allowed, except for sashes with dimensions not exceeding 400x800 mm, as well as in products overlooking balconies (loggias) if such structures have devices for ventilation of premises. The possibility of using non-opening sash elements of window blocks in other types of premises is established in the design documentation for construction.

Possible deviations from the linear dimensions of windows

In the process of manufacturing plastic windows, it is possible that the linear dimensions do not match those specified in the project documentation. If the deviation is +2 .. - 1 mm, then this is considered normal.

The difference in the lengths of the diagonals of rectangular frames should not exceed 2 mm with a side length of up to 1400 mm. If the length is over 1400 mm, then tolerance is 3 mm.

Residential window sizes

Not infrequently, there are cases when the sizes of windows in a panel house can differ by 10-15 cm, and we are talking about the same house. That is, there is no need to talk about accuracy. That is why, if it is necessary to measure the size of windows, qualified assistance is needed.

However, there are standard window sizes in typical homes that should be strived for when designing, so as not to complicate the lives of residents and window installation companies later. Bivalve standard window should correspond to the dimensions 1300 in height and 1400 in width. Three-leaf window - width from 2050 to 2070, height - 1400.

As for the Khrushchevs, the situation is different. So, the size of the window in Khrushchev directly depends on the width of the window sill. In the case of wide window sills, the size is 1450 × 1500 for two wings and 2040 × 1500 for three. Narrow window sills suggest window sizes of 1300x1350 and 2040x1350, respectively.

Calculating dimensions skylights, usually come from standard parameters, but you also need to take into account the angle of the roof slope. There is a pattern, consisting in the fact that the height of the window directly depends on the flatness of the roof. As for the distance between the rafters, it should be no less than 4-6 cm wider than the window frame.

Based on the above, it becomes quite obvious that the sizes of windows, even in standard houses, do not match, but starting from the type of house, one can also determine the size of windows offhand. Whatever it was, but the angle of incidence sun rays, plays a decisive role in matters of window sizes.

Dimensions of plastic windows

Affecting dimensions pvc windows, note that they can be very different and depend solely on the size of the opening. Moreover, considering modern technologies, plastic windows can be made with any size and absolutely any complexity.

Today there is fashion trend to make the dimensions of plastic windows very large, based on aesthetic considerations, such a trend looks spectacular and colorful, but do not forget about practicality. The opening sash should not exceed 900 sq. mm.

Nobody forbids doing it more, but such manipulations will guarantee that the structure will simply fail soon. In the case of blind sashes, we note that it is better not to neglect the advice and not to make them more than 1000 square meters. mm., this is fraught with a significant load on the double-glazed window, which contributes to its deformation.

In conclusion, we note that nothing is impossible for specialists and non-standard sizes of plastic windows have become the rule rather than the exception. Concerning questions of economy, it is expedient to underline that the standard window costs less, than its analog made under the order. But whether such savings are justified depends entirely on the size of the window opening.

GOST standards

GOST 30971-2002 "Mounting seams for adjoining window blocks to wall openings" (entered into force on March 1, 2003)
GOST - 23166-99 "Window blocks. General technical conditions»
GOST - 24700-99 “Wooden window blocks with double-glazed windows. Specifications»
GOST - 30673-99 "Polyvinyl chloride profiles for window and door blocks. Specifications»
GOST - 30674-99 "Window blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles. Specifications»
GOST - 24866-99 "Glued double-glazed windows. General technical conditions»
GOST 26601-85 Wooden windows and balcony doors for low-rise residential buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 11214-86 Wooden windows and balcony doors with double glazing for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 11214-78 Wooden windows and balcony doors with double glazing for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 16289-86 Wooden windows and balcony doors with triple glazing for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 16289-80 Wooden windows and balcony doors with triple glazing for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 24700-81 Wooden windows and balcony doors with double-glazed windows for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 24699-81 Wooden windows and balcony doors with double-glazed windows and glass for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions
GOST 23344-78 Steel windows. General specifications
GOST R 54850-2011 Skylights and skylights. Method for determining heat transfer resistance
GOST R 54861-2011 Windows and external doors. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer
GOST 21519-84 Windows and balcony doors, showcases and stained-glass windows aluminum alloys. General specifications
GOST 25062-81 Aluminum alloy windows and doors. Types, designs and sizes
GOST 27936-88 Wood-aluminum balcony windows and doors for public buildings. Types and designs
GOST 23166-78 Wooden windows and balcony doors. General specifications

The primary purpose of windows in buildings and structures of any type is to transmit light for natural light. But windows also provide ventilation of the premises, perform a number of other functions. Let's try to figure out what is regulated in construction. Is it possible to set arbitrary when constructing, for example, a country house?

How is the area of ​​window openings calculated?

In the construction of various types of buildings, building codes and rules are applied that regulate the size of window openings and windows, depending on many factors. The decisive among them is KEO - the coefficient of natural light. But many other factors are also taken into account: the dimensions and purpose of the building, geographical location, lighting characteristics and the number of glasses in a double-glazed window, etc. percentage), which is determined by the formula given in the document. The SNiP defines the normalized KEO values ​​in the premises of typical public and residential buildings geographically located in the band from 45 ° to 60 ° north latitude. This value takes into account that glass cleaning in windows is mandatory twice a year for buildings in areas with low dust and pollution, and 4 times for rooms in areas with noticeable emissions of dust and combustion products. If the building is located south of 45° north latitude, a factor of 0.75 should be applied to the KEO value, and if the building is located north of 60° north latitude - 1.2.

The calculation formulas have their own coefficients for the cases of using several glasses in double-glazed windows, with different distances between the glasses, as well as with different glass designs in windows (frosted, curly, etc.).
If it is difficult to set different coefficients, then there is a simplified formula for residential premises: the area of ​​​​window glazing should be at least 8 times less area premises. This formula gives approximate, but quite close to the calculated results.

Standard sizes

But there are typical dimensions window openings, stipulated by state standards for residential and These dimensions are optimal for mass construction. They take into account many factors, including the external aesthetic appearance of the building as an architectural structure.

GOSTs take into account not only the size of window and design features their execution. In addition, the dimensions of openings, canvases and the design of balcony doors have been standardized. There are GOST 24699-81, GOST 24700-81 and GOST 11214-86, which impose restrictions on the choice wooden windows and balcony doors for public and residential buildings in the design with double-glazed windows and glass, with double-glazed windows and with, respectively.

List of standard sizes

In particular, standardized sizes of windows and balcony doors of residential buildings are provided for in height (860, 1460 and 2175 mm) and width (570, 720, 870, 1170, 1320, 1470, 1770 or 2070 mm). For public buildings, a different size range is standardized for windows and doors of balconies (height - 1160, 1760 or 2060, 2375 or 2575 mm, width - 870, 1170, 1320, 1470 mm). openings for these structures is also defined: in residential buildings (height 910, 1520 and 2210, width 610, 780, 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110 mm) and public (height 1210, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2810, width 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2710 mm).

Standard sizes of window openings (GOST 23166-99), window blocks and balcony doors are presented in an expanded size range: height values ​​​​are added - 580 and 1320 mm, widths - 2370 and 2670 mm without specification, they will be installed in residential or public buildings .

IN panel houses a standard window of two sashes should also have a width) of 1300x1400 mm, and of three sashes - a height of 1400 mm, and a sash width of 2070 or 2050 mm.

Window sizes are also standardized for five-story houses of the Khrushchev period. For a window of two wings with a narrow window sill, a size of 1300x1350 mm is used, of three wings - 2040x1350 mm, and with wide window sill- 1450x1500 and 2040x1500 mm.

How to calculate window openings?

Thus, in order to choose the number and size of window openings for a building under construction country house you can perform the following sequence of actions:
- by the area of ​​​​the room we calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bglazing windows (divided by 8);
- we determine the height of the windows from the dimensional standard range (we take into account the architectural appearance of the house, its harmonious aesthetic appearance);
- by dividing the glazing area by the height of the window glass, we obtain the total width of the glazing;
- we calculate the number of windows for the widths of the standard row that suit you by dividing the total glazing width by the selected width of the glass of the window block (we round the resulting value up if we get a fractional number);
- choose the width that suits our preferences the most.

The result is no worse than the requirements of SNiP, since the result was rounded up.

Example

Let's take a room with an area of ​​40 sq.m - the glazing area should be at least 5 sq.m. With a window height of 1460 mm (glass height - 1210 mm), the total length of the glazing will be 4132 mm, which is equivalent to 4 windows with a width of 1320 mm (glass width 1170 mm) or three windows with a width of 1770 mm (glass width 1520 mm).

When determining the dimensions of window openings, add 15 mm to the dimensions of the window blocks on each side to fit on mounting foam and add 50 mm in height for the same purpose plus for installing a window sill.

Final remarks

It must be borne in mind that when building an individual country house, there are no such strict restrictions as in mass construction. Modern firms (there are a lot of them on the market), producing and installing double-glazed windows, are able to produce window blocks any sizes. But if you implement the recommended sizes of window openings (SNiP P-A862), then the conditions for natural lighting of the premises will be met, and the choice of sizes according to GOST allows you to save costs compared to ordering individual window blocks.

Therefore, in any case, it is useful to know and use the calculations of illumination according to the method of requirements for construction, as well as the provisions of the current GOST standards for standardizing window and door structures to choose the right size of window openings, for example, for building a country house.

Standards and building codes regulate the size of windows and doors in buildings under construction. But these standards (for example, GOST11214-86) were written in the 80s-90s of the last century. The dimensions were given for wooden door and window blocks, taking into account the frame-type box into which the window frame is inserted or hung on its hinges door leaf. The main material of modern balcony blocks is PVC profile. Here are the main standard dimensions (mm) of balcony blocks from it for typical housing stock buildings:

For any deviations from standard sizes, manufacturing metal-plastic structures does not represent a problem for manufacturers - they only need the exact dimensions of the future product.

When ordering a door to a balcony or an entire balcony block on your own, you need to do all the necessary measurements yourself. For greater confidence in the accuracy of the data obtained, it is advisable to duplicate your actions, because you can make a mistake even when recording readings.

If the paired design of the window and door will be ordered from a specialized manufacturing company, try not to insist on manufacturing products strictly according to their “clear” dimensions. In 95% of cases, the customer is provided with free services of a professional measurer. When calling a specialist from a company that will manufacture and install a window and door unit, the customer is not responsible for any discrepancies between the manufactured products and the existing openings. In this case, the manufacture correct option products or necessary work to expand the opening becomes the responsibility of the contractor. If the wrong product is made according to the size of the customer, get ready for additional expenses.

Consequences of measurer errors

If the structure made after measurements is smaller than necessary for correct installation, large gaps will be obtained. These voids between the frame and the opening will have to be blown out with foam, and the thickness of the slopes will subsequently be increased. With an increased size of the manufactured structure, it is necessary to expand the opening to obtain the necessary clearances for correct installation.

In both cases, the “problematic” window, door or the entire prefabricated structure can later remind of itself by deformation, freezing, the appearance of cracks on the slopes and under the window sill. As a result, the aesthetic appearance is lost, the heat and moisture insulation characteristics of the product are violated, condensation, drafts, and fungus appear.

After listing possible problems it becomes clear why you need to measure seven times, and then order a full-fledged product once.

Taking measurements

Despite the parameters of window and balcony openings strictly defined by the standards, even in one apartment their sizes will differ due to violation of geometry, spatial position, the presence of irregularities, different wall thicknesses, and thermal insulation used. The possibility of proper installation of the structure of the required dimensions and trouble-free operation of the PVC window and door block is laid at the measurement stage.

Dismantling of the old wooden balcony block is desirable before taking measurements. It is produced in this order:

• The movable sashes are removed, the glass is removed from the deaf ones.
• The window sill and external tide are dismantled.
• The box is disassembled (broken) and removed from the opening.
• Along the perimeter of the opening to the main wall, all plaster and screed are knocked down.
• With a hammer and a chisel, the grooves are cleaned to the brick for the window sill to enter the wall.
• All construction debris is swept away and removed.

If the opening lines have significant deviations from the horizontal and vertical, their perpendicularity is not maintained, they have obvious irregularities - it is possible to level them with a cement-sand mixture. The necessary reduction of the balcony opening is achieved by brickwork.

After dismantling, an opening is obtained, ideal for accurate measurements of the required new balcony block. But in this case, the opening will remain open until the installation of a new product. More often, measurements are taken when the old block has not yet been dismantled, taking into account the thickness of the plaster slopes, screeds and other nuances. Therefore, a specialist should measure, who will accurately determine the right dimensions new design subject to all amendments.

For self-measurement of balcony and window openings in order to determine the exact dimensions of PVC products, you need to learn general recommendations from specialist measurers:

• Frame finished product must necessarily be smaller than the opening. Its abutment or contact with the walls of the opening is not allowed.
• If you insert the finished frame, uniform mounting gaps of 2-5 cm should remain around the perimeter.
• You need to measure both inside and outside the room.
• The width is determined by three measurements - the upper, lower edge of the opening, the middle. The smallest value is taken into account.
• They also determine the height - right, middle, left. Choose the smallest result.

Now you need to decide on the size of the frame to be installed. They depend on the type of opening:

Important! While a measuring tool is at hand, they also take measurements and determine the length and width of the window sill and low tide. Window sill: width - the depth of the window opening to the frame plus the required overhang; length - the width of the opening with the addition of 50-100 mm per side for entering the wall. Ebb: length - equal to the width of the opening, measured from the outside, with the addition of 60-80 mm; width - the distance from the frame to the outer edge of the opening plus the protrusion from outer wall(optionally up to 50 mm).

Checkout

According to the results of measurements - independent, made by a specialist or duplicated and verified - an order is issued for the manufacture of the design of a window-door block for a balcony opening. In doing so, the following points must be taken into account:

• The manufacturer needs to know the width of the door and window separately.
• The door being manufactured has a horizontal lintel so that the double-glazed windows of the upper part of the door and window have the same height. By default, a plastic sandwich panel is inserted into the bottom of the door. If a glass package is required, indicate this in the application.
• It is necessary to indicate which glazed areas will be opened and how - a folding, hinged or combined option. If this moment is missed, all openings will be deaf.
• Indicate, taking into account which pedestal profile the window height is measured.
• For warm balcony it is possible to foresee and order from the manufacturer the presence of ventilation slots at the top of the window and at the bottom of the door.

Helpful information! The exception when ordering the possibility of tilting the door by 5-7% reduces the price of the ordered structure.

And about the shortcomings of standard balcony blocks and what can be done about it, see our video: