Projects of greenhouses for giving. Do-it-yourself greenhouse: the best projects and assembly recommendations Do-it-yourself greenhouses are the best projects

Grow in our climate good harvest unfortunately almost impossible. Due to numerous temperature changes, heavy rainfall, strong winds, plants sometimes develop extremely poorly. For this reason, every summer resident sooner or later thinks about the creation of a greenhouse project and its construction.

First of all, you should decide on the desired shape of the greenhouse, which is chosen taking into account several features:

• purpose of the greenhouse;
• the location of the greenhouse relative to the sides of the horizon;
• the presence of a shadow from nearby buildings, bushes, trees;
• possible connection of the greenhouse to nearby structures.

In that situation, if nearby buildings or trees cast too much shadow on side walls greenhouses, one of them is recommended to be tightly closed.

It is desirable to make the roof transparent so that the plants receive required amount sunlight.

Greenhouse device

The structure of the greenhouse consists of two parts: a translucent material and a frame, which can be made of plastic, steel, wood and aluminum.

Typical scheme greenhouse devices

Structures that are made using plastic or wood are less durable than aluminum and steel. Plastic is not a very durable material, but wood that has not passed special treatment, rots quickly. As a result of the impact of external environment such frames can quickly become unusable.

Many summer residents who decide to start building a greenhouse prefer wood, as this material is one of the most affordable options.

Before starting work, wood should be treated with special protective equipment, which will increase its service life. All connecting places and rafters must undergo the same processing.

Walls country greenhouse are made of film materials or glass. Of course, if you can afford to buy glass, then it is worth giving preference to it, since the film has some drawbacks.

Wooden greenhouse with glass walls

The disadvantages of film materials include:

1. Deformation of the film during sudden temperature changes, as a result of which it may tear;
2. As a rule, the average service life of film coatings ranges from one to two seasons. You will have to change the coverage every year, which is not very convenient;
3. Due to the fact that the film transmits too much sunlight, the temperature in the greenhouse becomes quite high. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse drops noticeably, which entails sharp temperature drops. Naturally, this state of affairs does not have a very good effect on the development of plants.

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Types of greenhouses

Greenhouses for dachas are divided into soil, attached, arched, with a single and gable roof.

Arched greenhouses

Arched greenhouses look like a simple garden greenhouse, with a similar construction principle.

wooden frame

Scheme of a wooden arched frame for a greenhouse

1. First, a foundation is made, for which you can use ordinary wooden posts.
2. Then, with the help of nails, four boards are fastened, which will be the base of the greenhouse.
3. 4 arches are installed on them, at a distance of 1.5 meters.
4. In the extreme arch, a door frame should be installed (as a rule, it is made independently from several bars).
5. The resulting structure is reinforced with a wooden crate.
6. At the end, a film is pulled up, which is nailed to the crate with the help of rails.

On the video you can see how a similar greenhouse was made with your own hands for growing cucumbers and tomatoes measuring 6 by 12 meters.

aluminum frame

Scheme of the device of the aluminum frame of the greenhouse

The design of such greenhouses is a series of aluminum ribs, curved according to a pattern, standing parallel to each other, which are covered with a film on top. Stages of the device of this greenhouse:

1. First, aluminum ribs are driven into the ground.
2. At the top, with the help of brackets, a ridge rail is attached.
3. After that, with the help of screws, two side rails should be fixed.
4. In the place where the door will be located, two rails must be attached to the bracket. In the future, they will act as a doorway.
5. The resulting structure is covered with a film on top.

Ground greenhouses

In our country, such greenhouses are extremely rare, as they are designed for growing plants that do not need too much for development. heat and high humidity.

small greenhouse, buried in the ground

Attached heated greenhouses

The main advantage of the attached greenhouses is their proximity to the house. They are glazed, often supplemented with heaters and automatic irrigation devices. Due to the presence of heaters are ideal for year-round cultivation plants.

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In the modern world, not only summer residents put greenhouses on their plots, but glass or film versions of such premises grow next to private buildings. Many people think about building greenhouses for growing vegetables and flowers. all year round, where additional heating is needed, someone only grows tomatoes and peppers in the summer. At the same time, it is important to choose the best do-it-yourself greenhouse projects that you can implement and receive. big harvest.

Modern warm option for winter

In order for plants to bring a big harvest, you should choose the best greenhouse projects with your own hands, because a lot depends on this choice. Among all the varieties, there are several basic structures that can be built independently:

• Arched. The roof is mounted in the form of an arc, more light penetrates through the structure, while the rays are scattered. This option is also good for winter, since snow does not linger on the surface.

• Shed. Usually located near another building, adjacent to it with one wall. This a budget option, which further saves the area of ​​​​the site. In winter, you will have to remove snow from the roof of the greenhouse yourself.

• The triangular shape gives room for plants, and you can straighten up in it. In this embodiment, you can even equip a recreation area.

• "Khlebnitsa" greenhouse. A great place to protect plants in winter before transplanting into open ground.

Projects can be developed independently. For example, a classic wooden gable version, which is easy to create on your own using glass or film.

The Khlebnitsa greenhouse is original and easy to create, in which you can plant seedlings in early spring, waiting for good weather for planting in open ground.

Features of the greenhouse "Khlebnitsy"

This design does not require a foundation, as it is a temporary option for plants. You can draw up drawings with the dimensions of the Khlebnitsy greenhouse yourself or use ready-made options, for example, like this:

This design has a number of advantages:

• the opening cover facilitates access to seedlings and operation process;
• the entire surface of the earth under the shelter is used, since there is no need to equip paths;
• ease of construction allows each season to change the location if necessary;
• assembly and installation does not take much time and effort, so all the work can be done independently.
• you can vary the length of the structure according to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden.

Thanks to all the advantages, such a design can be considered the best project for a greenhouse.

Related article:

Features of greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round

More and more garden lovers are coming to the conclusion that the best do-it-yourself greenhouse projects are found in models for any season, where you can harvest even in winter. For such structures, it is imperative to create a heating system that will be sufficient to maintain the optimum temperature at any time of the year.

Thinking about how to build a greenhouse for winter cultivation vegetables or flowers, first of all, you should decide on the material of manufacture.

Polycarbonate

This material has gained popularity among gardeners, as it has a number of advantages:

• good indicators of thermal insulation;
• the design is 16 times lighter than glass;
• material flexibility.

Note! The flexibility of polycarbonate allows you to create any shape of greenhouses.

Features of the assembly of the arched version:

Helpful information! Open honeycomb planks can be sealed with sealant to reduce heat loss.

Can be carried out self-assembly and assembly of winter polycarbonate greenhouses with heating. You should follow the above recommendations, as well as prepare a drawing in advance, taking into account the dimensions of the greenhouse and summer cottage. The location is close to communications so that there are no problems with heating.

Related article:

Brick with gabled roof

Proven design for year-round harvest, great for areas with severe frosts. But such a design will require large financial costs. It consists of two rooms:

• a vestibule where a heating boiler is installed and inventory is located (2 by 2.5 m);
• greenhouse, place for plants.

Between them there is a partition, which is made of wood or other dense material. For the roof, corrugated board is used. There are several aspects that must be considered during the construction of the greenhouse.

Table 1. Aspects to consider when building a greenhouse

Components	Recommendation	Photo example
Base	Let's use a strip foundation with a depth of 0.5 m.
Walls	The masonry is 250 mm thick, and transoms should be immediately installed in the frames for ventilation in the summer.
window openings	The distance between the transoms should be 60 cm, and from the floor - 50 cm.
Roof	Maintain a slope of 30⁰. It is better to use rafter timber 70 by 100 mm.

Do-it-yourself types of heating winter greenhouses with video

A year-round harvest is provided not only by a correctly selected and mounted greenhouse design, but also by the choice of a heating system. There are several varieties applicable for greenhouses:

• furnace;
• biological;
• water;
• gas.

Each option has its own characteristics, disadvantages and advantages.

Heating with a stove

This is one of the most simple ways heating. A furnace is mounted in the vestibule, and labor from it goes along the perimeter of the structure, during the furnace there is smoke that gives off heat.

Note! When choosing furnace heating check the ventilation system.

The advantages include ease of installation and availability of fuel, which can be any, as well as saving money. At the same time, there are also disadvantages - the lack of uniform heat and temperature changes, which adversely affects the yield.

biological option

In the process of decay, heat is released, bark, fertilizer or sawdust is applicable. At the same time, the air is moistened and the soil is fertilized. But this method is not suitable for winter, it is applicable only as an additional option.

Water

The most popular method, which requires a boiler, tank, pipes and a pump. According to the principle of operation, the system is similar to home heating, where the liquid is heated in the boiler and flows through pipes, heat is evenly distributed during circulation. The disadvantages include the complexity of installation and the cost of money, but temperature regime will always be normal.

Gas

This is an alternative to electric heating, much cheaper. Gas burners and heaters are installed in the greenhouse, which emit a sufficient amount of heat. Most often, infrared versions of heating devices are mounted.

Unfortunately, not the entire territory of Russia is conducive to growing their own vegetables and fruits for many months. Most climatic zones countries holiday season extremely short, while many people strive to grow as many crops as possible on their site for their subsequent harvesting. In this connection, gardeners and gardeners willingly use greenhouses, with the help of which the growing season is extended, which makes it possible to harvest early and more plentiful. In some cases, if you have a well-built greenhouse, your own grown crops can be consumed all year round.

Of course, for these purposes, it is necessary to take into account a number of features, which we will discuss in detail in this article.

Peculiarities

A self-built greenhouse always warms the gardener's soul. The design can be different sizes and shape, and homemade greenhouses are no worse in use and functionality. The device can be easily seen on the diagrams and drawings, the materials for manufacturing can be different. Often used as a frame fiberglass reinforcement, there are also no problems with a removable covering material - basically, it is a plastic film, glass or polycarbonate. Given all these features, it is possible to build such a structure on the site in one weekend, and makeshift buildings in no way inferior in quality to those purchased in the store.

Advantages and disadvantages

Convenient home-made greenhouses are very popular among summer residents. The undoubted advantages include the fact that a self-made greenhouse in the country will cost relatively cheaply. A budget greenhouse can be made from different materials, the most important thing is to equip it with an opening roof and take care of the quality of lighting for plants. Speaking of the cons, of course, it should be taken into account that you will have to spend time studying the types and structures, as well as familiarizing yourself with the drawings and plans for building in the country.

Kinds

Greenhouses are designed taking into account the botanical characteristics of those plant species for the needs of which the greenhouse is built. These also include the amount of light transmitted and the temperature inside. The greenhouse can be both year-round and used in a certain season. In general, all types of greenhouses are suitable for growing a variety of crops - be it Chinese cabbage or flowers.

As a first approximation, greenhouses can be divided into the following categories:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• drop-shaped;

• domed;
• polygonal;
• Dutch.

• In most cases shed roofs used in the construction of greenhouses or winter gardens, since this type of building has a passage. As a result, it is easy to enter the premises without regard to weather conditions. This type of greenhouse is best installed on the south side of a residential building.
• Greenhouses with gable roofs are very popular in our country and are currently the most common design.
• The drop-shaped greenhouse is a very solid construction, perfectly passes sunlight, does not retain precipitation in the form of snow on the surface, however, it is quite difficult to mount it, so such greenhouses are rarely made independently.
• The domed greenhouse has a spectacular appearance and does not require a large consumption of materials, but its main advantage is that, due to the design features, it can be installed in areas with seismic hazard. The main tasks during construction are good sealing and high-quality insulation.

• Polygonal greenhouses are pleasing to the eye, perfectly transmit light and are not afraid of gusty winds. The difficulty during installation lies in the fact that it is necessary to carefully organize the space in order to evenly distribute heat inside.
• The Dutch version of greenhouses is reliable and durable. Due to the sloping walls, sunlight penetrates inside, which allows you to significantly increase the yield. Among other things, this option is also quite budgetary.
• IN Lately the so-called "booths" - a greenhouse that looks like a tunnel - became widespread among summer residents. Most often it is erected for growing tomatoes and peppers. This type of greenhouse is functional, convenient, does not require large expenses, allows you to consistently get a good harvest, which allows you to call it the best type. self-built Location on.

Also, greenhouses are divided according to the principle of the possibility of movement:

• folding;
• stationary.

Folding greenhouses began to gain popularity relatively recently. Their advantage is that the lightweight frame is easy to fold and move to another place in the backyard if necessary. At the same time, the greenhouse itself is very ergonomic and has a low cost, which deserves the attention of summer residents.

Stationary greenhouses, on the contrary, have long become classics of the genre. To install a structure of this type, an underground foundation and a metal frame are required. Many people have long preferred this type of greenhouse, because for many years of operation in the most various conditions these designs have gained fame as strong and durable devices. There are no particular difficulties in installing such a greenhouse, and it is also quite easy to maintain it.

Also, greenhouses can be divided according to the type of initial characteristics - these types of greenhouses are named after their creator:

• greenhouse according to Kurdyumov;
• greenhouse according to "Mitlider".

Greenhouse Kurdyumov is an autonomous unit, otherwise it is called "smart". This design is distinguished by the possibility of automatically maintaining the temperature inside itself, a special plus is the presence drip irrigation plants that do not require human intervention. This type of structure supports the possibility of natural restoration of the soil in the beds or in containers with plants. Mitlider's greenhouses are considered a special subspecies of greenhouses. Her distinctive features is a know-how in indoor air ventilation systems, a special arrangement of the frame - beams and struts create a solid structure for the covering material. Typically, such greenhouses are located from east to west, which opens wide opportunities for the absorption of sunlight by plants.

Natural boards are usually used as the main material for the Mitlider greenhouse., which makes it possible to "breathe" and prevents the formation of condensate. As a rule, such greenhouses are large, which gives an additional opportunity to create a special microclimate for the plants inside. Usually a greenhouse looks like a low structure with gable roof with a height difference. More possible variant- an arched building with a roof of two levels.

Another option for greenhouses is a three-row greenhouse. As a rule, such buildings occupy a medium or large area, the beds in them are located in three levels, two passages are located between them.

The farm greenhouse consists of a metal frame, over which a film coating is stretched. This type of greenhouse is very loved by the population, because it has a low cost, moisture-proof and resistant to environmental influences.

Many summer residents fell in love with a spherical greenhouse for its unusual appearance and excellent sunlight transmission.

Characteristics

When choosing Supplies For future construction be sure to pay attention to what time of the year the greenhouse will be mainly used.

Winter greenhouses must be equipped with a heating system, it is better to install them close to heating system Houses. In another case, as additional equipment, you can put a stove in the greenhouse room, but this will create additional difficulties - the stove requires additional attention, it needs to be heated and, most importantly, make sure that it does not overheat, which is fraught with temperature fluctuations. A winter greenhouse must be installed on a solid foundation, among other things, this type of construction requires additional strengthening of the frame and roof in order to avoid possible damage due to heavy snowfalls.

There is also the possibility of building a so-called "thermos greenhouse" on the site - this structure can boast of a characteristic of special strength, since its foundation goes into the ground for two meters. However, the installation of such a design has a number of additional difficulties - for it it is necessary to dig a foundation pit, the foundation must be separately strengthened to avoid deformation, thermal blocks are usually used as the material for the walls, which will subsequently need to be insulated. All this is quite expensive, therefore, such greenhouses are rarely found on personal plots.

Summer greenhouses in the vast majority of cases are a frame on which a plastic film is stretched. This option outer skin is the most budgetary, and with careful use, the film is quite capable of lasting two seasons.

Creating the simplest do-it-yourself greenhouse in a summer cottage requires certain preparatory work.

The first thing to take care of is the preparation of the site for construction. Try to choose a site as flat as possible, it is also highly desirable that there are no obstacles to sunlight on it. Next, the site is properly compacted. If a tree is chosen as the base, then the prepared boards are treated with an antiseptic solution and knocked down around the perimeter. Reinforcement is installed in the corners of the boxes as an additional reinforcement. If for some reason it is not possible to allocate a separate place for the construction of a greenhouse, alternative there will be an adjunction of one wall of the greenhouse to any building - it can be a residential building or some kind of utility room.

When choosing a material for the frame, it is necessary to take into account all their characteristics. We must not forget that the frame itself and the doors must have special strength so that the structure cannot be damaged by wind, temperature fluctuations and snow masses during the winter period. None of the frame elements should be massive and prevent the penetration of light. If a collapsible design is intended, it should be made of lightweight materials and be able to be dismantled without additional effort.

Frames for greenhouses can be made of the following materials.

• Tree– the most environmentally friendly and easy-to-use material that does not require the use of any professional equipment and does not involve specialized skills during the work. Since the tree tends to rot, special attention should be paid to its pre-treatment.
• aluminum profiles involve the creation of a rigid, but lightweight frame, while it is durable. This material has a higher cost, its use requires the use of equipment for fastening parts together.
• Plastic(as well as metal-plastic) parts have a small specific gravity, strong enough, not subject to external influences such as rotting or corrosive changes. Due to the flexibility, it is possible to change the shape of the parts, which provides ample opportunities for creating greenhouses with arches or two slopes. But it must be borne in mind that plastic elements require mandatory attachment to the foundation or ground.

• Steel frames are also quite widespread, but they require a strip fundamental foundation. If the elements are galvanized, they will last longer, as they are not subject to rust and corrosion.
• Drywall represents good combination light weight of the material and ease of work. Practice shows that a frame made of this type of material is inexpensive, easy to use, serves for a long time and is easy to disassemble. Gable, arched greenhouses, as well as Mitlider's greenhouses, are perfectly created from it.

Sometimes they are used as frames. window frames- which are characterized by excellent thermal insulation and relative ease of installation. However, it is worth considering their relative fragility - even with careful care, the service life is unlikely to exceed five years.

The next step in the process of building a greenhouse after choosing suitable place is the choice suitable foundation. Its type directly depends on the weight of the planned structure, since in most cases the greenhouse frame weighs a little, and the covering material additionally adds windage to the building, which often causes destruction due to strong gusts of wind.

• The brick foundation is easy to install, reliable and quite suitable for most greenhouses. But it must be taken into account that laying a brick foundation requires specific skills and is quite a costly affair.
• Stone foundations are rightfully the most durable and strong. It can be mounted on heavy metal frames. This option can not be called budget, as a rule, foundations for capital greenhouses are made of stone.

• Concrete is inexpensive and hardens quite quickly, but requires the creation of formwork and frame fasteners.
• A tree is often used as a foundation, but it should be borne in mind that wooden base not suitable for capital construction, as it is unlikely to last longer than five years, even with the most caring care.
• In some cases, when building a greenhouse, it is quite possible to do without a foundation. These are portable greenhouses. small size, whose windage is reduced by fastening directly to the ground with small pegs.

When choosing a material for coating, it is necessary to take into account all the advantages and disadvantages different kind materials.

Basically, the following options are used:

• polyethylene film;
• glass;
• polycarbonate.

The most affordable type of covering material is a stretch film. However, it cannot boast of durability and even the highest quality coatings require replacement every three years. A greenhouse with arches or arcs, as a rule, is covered with two layers of film, which creates excellent conditions for plants inside the building. The material is excellent Sun rays, but for the same reason it is subject to rapid wear and, as a result, a decrease in light transmission abilities. In addition, very often inner surface condensation is formed, which can also be attributed to the disadvantages of this type of coating. There are also options for a polyethylene film, additionally equipped with reinforcement. This option is stronger, more resistant to gusts of wind and will last longer.

Glass can be safely attributed to the traditionally used materials in the manufacture of greenhouses with their own hands. Glass coatings are durable and have excellent thermal insulation, however, it should be remembered that glass heats up very quickly and at the same time weighs quite a lot. A separate challenge is the replacement of broken glass.

Polycarbonate is a type of hard transparent plastic., which in structure is a material with large cells. It has sufficient impact resistance and light transmission, it is very flexible, therefore it is suitable for the construction of greenhouses with an arched vault or in the form of a tunnel. Since this type of coating consists of air-filled cells, it can be argued that it is the most thermally insulating among all possible options.

When considering this type of coating for a potential greenhouse, also consider the following disadvantages:

• when exposed to sunlight, the material will inevitably collapse;
• when carrying out installation work, do not forget that polycarbonate tends to expand greatly when heated;
• Without protective elements at the attachment points, the honeycombs of the material will quickly fill with dust or mold, which will render the coating unusable.

When attaching, also consider the following features:

• mount the material in such a way that water can drain along the longitudinal strips from the inside;
• on one side of the material there is an ultraviolet filter - this side must be outside the greenhouse;
• fasten polycarbonate on specialized self-tapping screws with a thermal washer on them, pre-drill holes in the sheets.

Also note the following rules:

• Only transparent polycarbonate is suitable as a covering material. Despite the great aesthetic appeal of the color, it transmits the sun's rays much worse, this is fraught with the failure of the greenhouse to fulfill its intended purpose.
• Be sure to check the presence of a layer with a UV filter.
• Choose the thickness of the layer depending on the season in which the greenhouse will be used. In summer and autumn, the thickness of the sheets should be approximately 10-15 mm, in winter - at least 15 mm. Also, this value directly correlates with the strength of the frame - the greater the thickness, the stronger the supporting structure should be.
• When connecting sheets, use special profiles; the use of nails is strictly unacceptable.
• Sheets must not be overlapped.
• Pay attention to the accessories and do not try to save on them - the use of an end profile and end tapes will significantly extend the life of the greenhouse.

When choosing, pay attention to the manufacturer. Do not forget that the miser pays twice, so it is better not to purchase Chinese materials, despite their attractive cost. Among the well-established in the market in last years we can note the domestic company "Kinplast". This Firm offers a range of different coatings- from inexpensive to premium options.

Sheets of the Russian company "Actual" will last about 8 years.

This is an inexpensive option, has a fairly soft structure, is well mounted.

• The Russian-Israeli production "Polygal Vostok" offers a material that is characterized by rigidity, flexibility, ease of installation, but also has a high price tag.
• "Winpool" is made in China, very soft, fragile, inexpensive, you can count on a service life of 3 years.
• Saneks is also a representative Chinese market, quite rigid in work, not very convenient for installation, will last about 4 years.
• "Marlon" is brought to Russia from the UK, the material is quite expensive, but it will last at least 10 years subject to the rules of operation.

Since the market at the moment has a huge number of options, you can get confused and choose among them not very high quality.

To prevent this from happening, pay attention to the following points:

• The surface of the sheets must be uniform and smooth, without any protrusions, irregularities and chips. Also, it should not fall into layers.
• The ribs should be at a 90 degree angle and in no case should there be any waviness.
• Try to find out from the seller under what conditions the material was stored. Improper storage conditions will quickly reduce its life. Sheets should be laid flat, but if they are stored upright on edge or rolled up, the quality of the material may be reduced.
• Some summer residents prefer a mixed type of covering materials. With this option, the side walls are usually glazed, and the ceiling is covered with a film. Some farmers prefer to cover the frame with spunbond sheets.

Separately, it is worth paying attention that it is not recommended to grow different types of crops at the same time in the same greenhouse - in other words, the same room is not suitable for seedlings and fruit and berry crops at home. This aspect must be taken into account when choosing the type of greenhouse. Arched greenhouses occupying a wide area will not bring much benefit. Optimal size a simple greenhouse considers 3 by 6 meters - it does not take up much space, in such a greenhouse you can easily grow enough strawberries, cucumbers or tomatoes for a family.

Preparation of materials

Before starting work, carefully study the best designs and drawings from the resources provided in the public domain - this will allow you to see the fullest picture of the opportunities provided. Of course, you can create a scheme yourself, but remember that this will require not only the investment of additional time and energy resources. In addition, an error may creep in during the calculations, which can lead to the loss of the quality characteristics of the greenhouse.

If you present a scheme for performing work on points, general description construction steps will look like this:

• determining the type of building required;
• preparation of the scheme;
• creating a framework;
• carrying out preparatory work on the site of soil where it is planned to install a greenhouse;
• laying the foundation;
• mounting the supporting frame;
• fastening of a translucent coating.

During self-design or selection among already ready-made options start from the requirements for the finished structure, as well as from available materials and crop preferences. Most often, arched structures with a frame made of polyvinyl chloride pipes are located on personal plots - this inexpensive look greenhouse, quite simple to implement. If a flat area is chosen for construction, it is best to stop at a model with two slopes. In the case when it is planned to put a greenhouse adjacent to the wall, it is more logical to make it single-sided. The base may be geometric figure various shapes- square or rectangle, trapezoid.

Before purchasing the materials needed for construction, it is necessary to make a calculation. This will help prevent unnecessary costs in the future.

When the design is completed and the greenhouse manufacturing scheme is selected, it is necessary to start preparing the necessary components for future construction.

If we take the simplest option, which can be built in a couple of days, the set of materials will be as follows:

• Impregnated with an antiseptic, treated with drying oil or burned with blowtorch boards. Please note that if you want to save money, you can not buy specialized tools, but use time-tested grandfather methods processing of wood and timber. If funds allow, of course, you can purchase factory chemicals.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Before making a frame, calculate the required amount of material for construction. After making the calculation, add 10% in reserve, especially if you have to make a pipe bender.
• Durable polyethylene film - the more wear-resistant the material is, the longer it will not require replacement with a new one. You can also use polycarbonate sheets if desired.

• Metal rods or pieces of reinforcement one meter long.
• Self-tapping screws and nails.
• Hinges for fastening vents and doors.
• Fittings - handles for doors and windows.
• Special loops for fastening pipes.

If a decision is made to use HDPE pipes to form a frame, consider the following features:

• Pipes contribute to the creation of tightness inside the building, which creates favorable conditions for crop maturation.
• This material is easy to use and does not require special skills.
• With the help of pipe fasteners, it is easy to mount and dismantle if necessary. Thus, the frame is easy to assemble for a warm climate period and remove again when the greenhouse is not in use.
• There is no need to use additional reinforcement. The pipes themselves have good performance and self-sufficient in use.

• Plastic, unlike wood or metal, is much less affected by the environment. Finished products do not have to be treated with anti-corrosion and other protective substances.
• The building may well last at least a decade.
• Since the material has a low specific gravity, the greenhouse can pump with strong gusts of wind. In this case, it is necessary to install additional metal elements in the ground to strengthen the structure.

Please note that metal corners can be used to strengthen the foundation., they will give the structure strength. This element is attached from the inside at the junction between the boards. If the base is made of timber, it is better to use metal brackets for fastening, which are mounted on the outside. The finished foundation should fit snugly into the soil. In case of cracks, sprinkle them with earth.

Assembly and installation

When mounting the frame into the finished foundation, it is driven into the ground from the outside metal fittings no more than a meter away. Parts pre-cut to the required length are mounted on these blanks. plastic pipes. To fasten them together, as well as to mount them on a wooden base, use screws or nails, self-tapping screws. To install the elements horizontally, as a rule, pre-drilled plastic sleeves, angles and crosses are used, which enable the pipes to cross the connecting elements.

When polycarbonate sheets are used as a covering material, the steps will be as follows:

• Removed from sheets protective film, the top side is marked with a marker. For convenience in carrying out work, it is better to make several marks on each sheet.
• Make blanks for the end walls - for this purpose, a sheet standard size cut into three equal parts 2 by 2 meters. One of the parts is applied to the end in such a way that all cavities are located vertically. The left side of the sheet is aligned to the left edge, the contour of the required arc is outlined with a marker. A similar manipulation is done with the right edge, as a result of which the sheet acquires the contours of two semi-arches. After that, they are cut out with a jigsaw, leaving a tolerance of 3-5 cm, and the right end of the building is cut out in the same way.
• The cut parts are attached to self-tapping screws at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other. Try not to pinch the material too much. The excess is cut off with a knife.

• The third part of the sheet is used for the door and vents. The sheet is vertically applied to the doorway. The contour of the door is outlined with a margin, blanks are cut out and attached. The remains are used to close the space above the door. Joints are best fastened with special profiles.
• To cover the top of the greenhouse, the sheets are laid on arcs, aligned with the bottom edges and trimmed. The sheets should protrude slightly above the end of the building, then they are fixed in the corners.
• The second sheet is overlapped on the first one at the junction, the corners are fixed and put on self-tapping screws from the bottom edge at a distance of 40-60 cm from each other.

In the event that it is decided to cover the greenhouse plastic wrap, the stages of work will be as follows:

• The film is attached to the frame with staples or wooden slats. Fasten it in such a way that there are no tears in the canvas.
• It is necessary to cover the front and back of the frame with a film. In the part where it is planned to make a door, the film is bent inward.
• Re-measure the doorway, then you need to assemble the frame from the tubes. A film is attached to the resulting frame, the excess is cut off and the door is hung with hinges, the vents are designed according to the same principle. If planned glass doors, carefully study the fasteners of glass to metal.
• This version of the greenhouse is suitable only for the summer. The next and final stage after the construction of the greenhouse is the preparation of the soil and the planting of seedlings.

As mentioned above, for the winter version of the greenhouse, it must be equipped with a heating system. Despite the apparent complexity, it is not so difficult.

The types of heating include:

• solar;
• technical;
• biological.

Technical, in turn, is divided into the following subspecies:

• water;
• gas;
• furnace;
• electric.

The solar type is based on the greenhouse effect, which is formed when natural light enters the greenhouse space. This heating option is used only in summer when the sun is active. In the cold season to achieve best result a mixed type is used - a biological-technological option.

Species used both in winter and in summer to heat the soil. Soil is removed from the racks, after which manure is laid on the bottom, horse manure is best suited, since when it decomposes, a large number of heat. Soil containers are filled with manure by a third. In addition to manure, you can also use compost - one of its components is also a waste product of horses. Pour all the earth back into the racks. When the decomposition process begins, the roots of the plants will begin to warm up. In addition, it will serve as an excellent fertilizer, since manure and compost contain many minerals for plant growth.

The electric heating method is also easy to use. For these purposes, a heating cable laid in a special way is used. Read the instructions first. Please note that the thermal cable can be bought together with the temperature controller, so create optimal temperature for seedlings will be quite simple.

Water heating is arranged as follows: the entire perimeter of the greenhouse is laid with a double row of pipes, which are looped into an electric boiler. To connect the boiler, it is necessary to lay an electrical cable. Please note that the boiler can stand inside the greenhouse or can be taken out to its limits. Experts insist that the boiler must be taken outside and pre-insulated. These manipulations are done with the aim of more uniform heating. You can also heat the room with a heat generator. The boiler is directly purchased in the store or you can make it yourself, but keep in mind that in the second case you cannot do without special knowledge and skills. Further, the procedure is similar - pipes are laid from the boiler under the racks, which are looped. Any fuel can be used solid fuel: coal, firewood, woodworking waste.

If gasification is present on your personal plot, heating can be arranged by means of gas burners or heaters, for this purpose they must be placed around the entire perimeter of the building. At small area greenhouse it is quite possible to use gas cylinders. If the greenhouse occupies a large area, then it is necessary to connect to a common gas system Houses. Gas-burners create carbon dioxide that plants need. To distribute heat evenly, fans are installed in the building. Burners can also be replaced with a gas factory boiler, but be sure to look at its country of manufacture.

As a heat source for electric heating the room uses aluminum radiators or electric convectors, which are installed at an equal distance around the entire perimeter of the building or located on both sides of it, if the greenhouse area has the shape of a rectangle. This type of system is connected directly to the power supply or heating system.

You can also make a stove in the greenhouse, which is best located at the end of the building. A horizontal chimney is laid from the stove around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse. For these purposes, metal pipes or brickwork are suitable. When connecting the chimney and the vertical riser of the furnace, you need to make a small rise at the junction. The higher the riser, the better, because the stove will have good draft. With this type of heating, do not forget to prepare fuel in advance. You can put the stove in a pre-made recess in the ground.

In addition, a water oven can be made from a conventional oven. For this purpose, a boiler for water heating is installed on it, from which the pipes will go to the water tank. The pipes and the boiler are looped using wiring around the entire perimeter of the room. There is also another option - to collect pipes along each of the racks, thereby providing wiring for four different pipes.

We must not forget that plants require the creation of a special microclimate for their successful development and growth; special equipment will help to improve these indicators inside the greenhouse, with which you can increase the productivity and yield of grown crops. Additional equipment involves not only additional heating, but also the possibility of ventilation, irrigation and lighting. As you know, watering plants is a rather laborious process. Automatic system will help save the owner of the summer cottage from this hard work while saving time and water.

Good room ventilation is extremely important in a greenhouse., as it prevents the formation of condensate and improves the overall microclimate, which undoubtedly benefits plants. Properly created air exchange will protect crops from overheating. For the natural movement of air, it is enough to open the doors and vents, an additionally installed fan or extractor hood will increase air circulation.

With a short daylight hours, additional lighting sources are indispensable. Special lamps will help seedlings get enough light in early spring or late autumn.

Best projects

Be sure to check out the best and most common options, you may have your own ideas.

For cucumbers

Separately, I would like to consider making a greenhouse for cucumbers as one of the most beloved vegetables. Any summer resident knows that cucumbers need warmth and high humidity. At proper organization protected ground, this vegetable is less susceptible to diseases and is able to produce a larger yield.

To get a rich harvest, the following requirements are necessary:

• daytime air temperature - no more than 30 degrees, night - no less than 16;
• soil temperature - about 23 degrees;
• calm air without drafts;
• humidity about 80%;
• high degree of illumination;
• insect access, if the variety involves bee pollination;
• strong structures for vertical movement of seedlings.

Due to the large number of details, the necessary climate is difficult to create in one room. Consider the general disadvantages and advantages of each type of greenhouse for a specific purpose - growing cucumbers.

The advantages include simplicity of design, ease of creation from improvised and existing materials. A small area and internal volume will provide good warming, it is well lit and easily accessible to insects for pollination. Among the minuses, one can note such characteristics as a low landing density - you can place a maximum of three pieces on one square meter, inconvenience in soil cultivation and harvesting. If you water the plants with a watering can, the water reaches the leaves, which can lead to a burn. The greenhouse needs constant opening and closing, otherwise the crops will overheat and die.

arch type with film

The advantages of this type of greenhouse are that it is easy to build and does not require expensive materials, it has enough internal space for growing vertical bushes. The film coating retains moisture well, promotes rapid heating of the soil and air, and perfectly transmits light. Disadvantages: the film is a short-lived material and requires regular replacement, it has poor thermal insulation performance, therefore, in the event of early frosts, the greenhouse will have to be covered additionally. When building a greenhouse of this type, it is necessary to have vents, since drafts will inevitably occur when the doors are opened.

Coated with polycarbonate

Pros: high structural strength of the frame, high ceilings and ample interior space. Polycarbonate perfectly transmits sunlight, has an excellent ability to scatter it. Provides convenient conditions for watering plants and tillage, easy to harvest. The provided portholes provide good ventilation and absence of drafts.

Cons: high financial costs for the purchase of materials or already finished products. Polycarbonate strongly reflects light, which causes energy loss. Coating and frame require permanent care, in winter it is necessary to clean the snow from the greenhouse. Difficult access to pollinating insects.

Gable with glazed wooden frames

The advantages are as follows: noteworthy design, which has already become a classic, demonstrates high thermal insulation properties. Good heating of the entire interior space of the room. Glass has excellent light transmission ability, when placing windows on the roof, the possibility of drafts is excluded. The ability to plant a large number of plants, the availability of convenient access to them. Among the shortcomings, it can be noted that the severity of the frame requires preliminary laying of the foundation. The tree requires mandatory preliminary and regular post-treatment, otherwise the frames will quickly begin to rot. It is also worth considering that glass is a fragile and traumatic material, and also does not have scattering properties at all, which can lead to burns of plant leaves.

With one slope

Positive characteristics: it is always attached to the house or barn on the north side, which ensures that the ramp turns to the south to receive maximum number rays of the sun. The room assumes rapid heating and long-term retention of heat, and also gives scope for the choice of materials for construction. Negative characteristics: if the sun is active, it will be difficult to avoid overheating, curtains and a high-quality ventilation system are necessary. If a greenhouse is built next to the house, a prerequisite is good waterproofing and protection of the greenhouse from snow and ice.

Mitlider

The undoubted advantage lies in the special arrangement of the vents - they are located in the roof and facing south, which leaves no possibility of drafts and helps to maintain an optimal microclimate. The greenhouse is large, has high ceilings and plenty of space inside.

The disadvantages are related to the complexity of the design and the inability to build it yourself, without accurate drawings and installation skills. If the doors are closed, insects will not be able to get inside, either self-pollinating varieties are suitable for such a greenhouse, or you will have to additionally plant bait varieties. Among other things, the greenhouse requires close care.

in the shape of a pyramid

Pros: The center piece is perfect for vertical cultivation cucumbers. It is well lit, easy to install, only budget materials are needed.

Cons: small area, inconvenient to care for plants. Insect access is difficult. The structure is unstable and can easily be blown away by the wind.

For tomatoes

Polycarbonate greenhouses create ideal conditions for the harmonious ripening of fruits. Tomato belongs to crops that love sunlight and heat, the optimal temperature regime for their cultivation is 22-25 degrees. If the soil has high content clay, then humus must be added to the soil, sawdust or peat at the rate of one bucket per square meter.

Planted seedlings must be watered frequently until they are fully developed. If the nights are cool enough, it is better not to water the plants after sunset, so as not to overcool the soil. Watering from a watering can makes sense during the hottest time of the season. Next, the seedlings need to be cut and tied up, thereby ensuring uniform lighting and ventilation of the beds. With this growing option, tomatoes ripen much faster and it is possible to harvest a good harvest. After that, the plants are attached to wire gratings or pegs, giving them space for further development.

For greenery

In the cold winter period, there is nothing better than a bunch of fresh herbs, especially if it is grown by yourself. What is especially nice, greenhouse greenery is not too whimsical to care for and gives several crops a year. It is quite possible to choose the type of greenery based on your own preferences.

Most people who use winter greenhouses to grow herbs prefer dill, celery, and parsley.

• When growing dill, it is necessary to strictly observe the temperature regime - the thermometer should not fall below 15 degrees. In addition, dill needs constant spraying and does not tolerate drafts and cold winds, so be extremely careful when ventilating the greenhouse. The first harvest can be obtained in two months with appropriate care.
• When growing parsley, there are a few more nuances - firstly, this type of plant can be grown in the form of root crops or seeds. In the first version, the root crop must first be kept in sand, the temperature of which does not exceed two degrees, after which it is planted in highly moist soil. If it is planned to grow parsley from seeds, the seeds previously aged in a damp cloth are planted in the soil. As a rule, germination takes no more than ten days. The harvest is about one and a half kilograms of greenery per square meter.

• Celery loves well-fertilized soft soil; cow or chicken manure is perfect as fertilizer. The temperature in the greenhouse should be between 15 and 20 degrees. Watering for plants requires infrequent, but as plentiful as possible, and it is necessary to ensure that the water does not touch the leaves of the seedlings. Pay special attention to lighting, since the amount of harvest directly depends on the length of daylight hours.
• Many people are very fond of mint and are happy to use it in cooking. This type of plant tolerates frosts up to eight degrees below zero, while giving sprouts at the lowest temperatures above zero. Experts recommend using hydroponics or biological heating of the soil with peat as a soil. Carefully monitor the soil moisture, its drying is strictly unacceptable. If you plan to grow mint, it is best to equip the greenhouse with a drip irrigation system.
• Mint, like most crops, does not tolerate temperature changes, not only because sudden jumps can destroy plants, such moments can lead to a dangerous disease - powdery mildew. Also for mint extremely dangerous pests are spider mite And greenhouse whitefly. You can defeat them by spraying the crop industrial means or time-tested folk recipes.

For better engraftment of seeds in the soil, you must first dry them in a draft. If it is not possible to plant seeds directly, it is quite possible to grow seedlings at home and then plant them in the ground for 10-14 days.

Not all summer residents have the time and desire to understand the intricacies of the technology of building a greenhouse on the site with their own hands. At the moment, the market is filled with ready-made greenhouses of the most different options. The first thing to do is to decide for what purposes the greenhouse is being purchased. If we are talking about growing crops for family consumption, this is one thing, but if the summer resident considers a greenhouse as a way to increase his income and wants to put up the resulting crop for sale, the situation will be different. In the first case, you can get by with an inexpensive option, in the second, of course, financial investments will be much higher and the cost of maintaining a greenhouse will also increase.

As a rule, planting is done in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular, we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. How to make it from almost improvised materials and see below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's decide what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• The greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting in open beds, in the greenhouse, plants can be year-round;
• The required temperature level in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil, while in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party heating source;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What are greenhouses?

A greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse in the country is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all kinds of shapes, the most common model is a butterfly (it got its name due to the doors opening on both sides).

Portable more often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is a polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands, this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before considering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, let's deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be borne in mind that it must meet the following requirements:

• Good light transmission;
• Resistance to various kinds of deformations, with strong gusts of wind, for example;
• Easy to install and assemble the whole structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is the film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride.

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them, and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of the light, serves for a long time, retains heat.

By cons: it gets very hot in the summer, a strong load on the main frame.

Film

To the pluses this material can be attributed: low cost, low weight, no foundation needed.

Note!

By cons: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: transmits light well, high level thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a frame for a greenhouse

The frame is a kind of basis for a greenhouse, most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

wooden frame

The main plus is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation, you will need the following tools: a hammer, a screwdriver, a saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden bars, a ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover with drying oil before the installation process wooden elements future design.

Execution sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage mount, which will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and temporarily everything is fastened with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened with a bar diagonally. The door frame is installed to the side pillars. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fixed at an angle equal to 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe end points, they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fixing of the roof frame is done with the help of corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

The door frame is attached first. Do not forget in the middle and upper part of the opening is fixed with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more durable.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special nozzle for working with metal (disk).

The pipe is divided into two identical parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, crosses are welded every half a meter. The cut off elements must be welded to the crosses.

Special tees are attached to the arc to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

After the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of polycarbonate, the one where the picture is shown. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the cuts from above with sealing tape, perforated from below.

First, polycarbonate is attached from above, then on the sides. Mounted on the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

At the end, a seal and door fittings are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large crop of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future, having approached the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

Multifaceted scheme.

Transitional option between arched and gable shape. It is characterized by the highest strength and resistance to snow loads.

The broken circuit is adapted for seasonal use. The lower segments of the roof can be large ventilation hatches.

The main drawback of such a project is the highest complexity and laboriousness of assembling the frame.

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Single roof. The most common are adjacent projects of greenhouses with heating having a shed roof.

The advantages of such an assembly scheme for winter greenhouse much more if it is located on the south side of the house. In this case, savings on heating can be up to 20%.

In addition, if the house heating scheme allows, it is possible to connect the greenhouse heating system with it.

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During installation, detachable or one-piece polycarbonate profiles are used. The lower ends must be closed with a perforated tape that can ensure normal condensate drainage and prevent dust from penetrating.

The upper ends must be closed with a continuous self-adhesive aluminum tape. It should be noted in advance that if the greenhouse is built in the form of an arch, then the ends of the panels must be closed using special profiles.

Panels with a width of 500 to 1050 mm should be inserted into the grooves of the profiles, then attached to the longitudinal supports of the frame using self-tapping screws.

Self-tapping screws must be equipped with thermal washers capable of ensuring tight and reliable fastening of the panel. In addition, an important point will be that, thanks to thermal washers, the risk of panel collapse is minimized.

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The hat profile frame is quick and easy to assemble, but this construction does not support the weight of heavy snow.

If you decide to build farm greenhouses from profile pipe, then here the frame can be welded. The pipe has a round or square section.

This design also cannot withstand the heavy weight of the snow.

The frame is fixed on the foundation. For strength, use anchor bolts or pre-fixed studs.

Such fastening will provide sufficient rigidity and strength, while the difference in heat capacity building materials will not contribute to the loosening of the structure in extreme heat and frost.

Helpful advice! When building a polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands from elongated profile pipes, it is recommended to install it in the direction from east to west. The ventilation window in the gable version of the greenhouse is located on the south side.

The most common types of bases for greenhouses are wooden frames from beams, wooden boxes, strip foundations shallow penetration, columnar and point foundations. When choosing one or another foundation, it is necessary to take into account the weight and size of the future greenhouse structure, its functionality and coating material.

Archicad 18 – Greenhouse technical project 9x3 m