How to make heating in the oven bath. How to organize heating in the baths? Underfloor heating system

The Russian bath has always been a special ritual, and visiting it has long become a tradition that has been established for centuries. Bath relaxes, heals, soothes, brings peace. Many owners tend to put a bath on the site, but the issue of heating can be difficult to solve. An obligatory element of the bath has always been a stove. Its main purpose is to heat the air in the steam room to a certain temperature and simultaneously heat the water for bathing. The best option is considered to be a stone stove, which not only perfectly copes with the heating function, but is also an indispensable attribute of a Russian steam room. But a stone stove is an expensive pleasure and it takes up a lot of space, but now you can buy ready-made metal stoves. But, if such stoves are suitable for bathing procedures, then it is unlikely to maintain a constant temperature in the autumn-winter period: they can be included in the heating system, but you need to heat it all the time, so no periodic visits, but only constant presence.

Bath heating system: a brief description, the main advantages and disadvantages

Constant heating of the bath can be arranged in several ways:

Heating baths with gas boilers

If gas is supplied to the site, then, naturally, gas heating baths are the best option and the installation of a gas boiler will justify itself: they work flawlessly, they heat rooms that are quite large in size, and gas in our country does not cost so much. At the same time there is no soot, soot, heavy smell. Heating a gas bath with your own hands can be done, but be sure to have a project and carefully monitor its implementation. In general, gas heating is an economical and profitable option for the owner, but gas pipelines in a country house or in a village are more an exception than a rule, so you have to think about how to heat a bath without gas.

Electric heating

There are several options here: you can install an electric boiler, since electricity is available almost everywhere. From a safety point of view, an electric boiler for heating a bath is the safest option (subject to the rules and regulations). But the downside is that electricity today costs a lot, so you have to pay large electricity bills. The difficulty also lies in the fact that you will have to conduct a hotel input to connect the boiler, and often not 220V, but 380V is required, and these are completely different requirements and tariffs.

Electric boilers for water heating baths

If use modern models electric water heaters, then the bills may not be very large: they are controlled by automation, which maintains the set temperature in the room. You can set the temperature to +5 0 C for the time you are not visiting the bathhouse. And the system will not freeze, and the bill will be small (provided that your building is well insulated). Moreover, for heating the bath, you can use stepped heating elements boilers, and. They are not ideal, but according to the experience of use, they are economical: bills come in 20-30% less.

Bath heating with convectors

If possible, it is best to use electric convectors. Such a heating system in the bath, of course, will be expensive. Equipment is not cheap, electricity bills will also be decent. But what modern convectors are good for: it is possible to set a certain thermal regime, which is maintained automatically. A lot of bath owners do the following: while using the bath, they heat the heater, and then set the anti-defrost mode of the convector, which maintains the temperature in the room within +1 - +3 0 C. Thus, the bath room does not freeze, does not get damp, and heating a bath in winter will not result in a large amount.

Electric underfloor heating

Very comfortable, but not cheap type of heating. This applies to the arrangement and to the bills that will come. But if the bath is insulated correctly and carefully, then maintain minimum temperature may not be as burdensome.

Another point: the system is mounted at the construction stage or overhaul, which is also not very convenient. Modern ones are no longer only cords that were laid out on the surface, and if damaged, part of the floor turned out to be unheated. Eat roll materials with parallel thermal paths. If one or more fails, the performance of the others remains unchanged, and the floor is still warm.

Solid fuel boilers

A separate place is occupied by combined boilers for liquid or solid fuels. The option is economical, but not entirely profitable. The price of liquid fuel is constantly rising, therefore, heating the bath, working according to this principle, is not entirely profitable. It is more economical to use wood or coal. But in this case, you need to understand that they will have to be delivered often, and the site with the bath should be available at any time of the year. And all the same drawback: "autonomously" such boilers work only for a few hours. For heating baths located on suburban areas this is not the way out.

Today, the combined heating system of the bath is increasingly common. For this use. In the absence of any type of fuel, it simply switches to electricity. But these boilers are suitable only for water heating, and it is difficult to mount it. But having set a goal, almost every person with minimal experience, will be able to create a heating system in the bath with his own hands and set it up uninterrupted.

We connect the heating of the cottage with the heating of the bath

About twenty or thirty years ago, it never occurred to anyone that it was possible to create heating for a bath from home. It has always been considered: a bath, there is a bath, a house, there is a house, and together they will not contact. However, modern technologies, the desire of the owners to save money, and some other needs, allow you to think about how to conduct heating from home to a bathhouse.

Any boiler requires a separate room, which must comply with all safety regulations and standards. In fact, without the creation and approval of the project in the relevant authorities, nothing will work. All this requires both time and significant financial costs.

A heating main laid with your own hands will cost less. Many amateur bath attendants do just that. But even in this situation, there are certain rules and small tricks, knowing which a non-professional will avoid many problems in the future:

When designing a heating main, consider the location ground water: The pipes must not be in the water.
The pipeline must be insulated, and a larger diameter pipe is put on top (corrugation can be used). Then it will be protected from groundwater, and heat loss will be small.

In general, the effectiveness of such a bath heating system will depend on the distance at which the bath is located from the house. If the distance is small, then this option may be the best. But if the distance is significant, then it may turn out that the water, by the time it reaches the bath, has cooled down so much that it cannot somehow affect its temperature.

Pellet boilers

This type of heating is used in almost 50% of European homes, and they know how to count. This popularity is based on the possibility automatic feeding fuel. Fuel is loaded into the bunker (it can be of any size from an ordinary box to a large room), which is fed to the burner with the help of an auger controlled from the boiler. In this mode, the system works as long as there is fuel and the ash pan is not full. If the fuel is of high quality, the ash must be removed once a month and a half, and, as mentioned, it can be of any volume. The only thing: to ignite and maintain the operation of the equipment, a guaranteed power supply is required (the consumption is very small). But modern heating systems already, it seems, cannot work without electricity. Here, too, if desired, you can find a solution - diesel engines, batteries, etc. Pellets are not so expensive, the only but significant disadvantage is the cost of the boiler itself. Not everyone will decide to invest such an amount in bath heating.

Pellet boilers are reliable and promising, but the equipment is expensive

As you can see, there are many ways to heat a bath, but they are all imperfect. You will have to weigh all the pros and cons more than once and calculate the options.

To maintain the optimum temperature in all bath rooms, it is best to make heating in the bath from a stove-heater installed in the steam room. For small baths, consisting of a dressing room, a washing room and a steam room, the only stove, as a rule, is installed in such a way that the heater is in the steam room, the furnace firebox is located in the dressing room, and in the washing room - storage tank for heated water.

Simplified bath heating systems

The easiest to manufacture, maintain and operate is the system in which the bath is heated from the stove in the steam room. That is, the stove-heater, which provides maximum heating of the surrounding air and the production of heated steam, is located in a steam room, and its furnace part, through which combustible material is loaded, is taken out into the dressing room. At the same time, due to the implementation of such a design, the bath is heated from the bath stove simultaneously in the steam room and in the dressing room. The heating of the washing compartment of the bath in this case occurs due to the placement of a tank in it with hot water, and if necessary, an additional heating battery.

The storage tank located in the washing section of the bath is connected by pipes to a heat exchanger heated by a bath stove. The water in the storage tank is heated using a circulation pump that pumps water through a heat exchanger located either directly in the fuel combustion area or on the furnace chimney.

A sauna stove with a heat exchanger for heating and obtaining the required amount of hot water is the most effective and simple way to maintain the optimum temperature in all sauna rooms. Such a combined design is quite economical in terms of fuel consumption, generates a large number of heat and has a relatively short time to reach the operating mode.

Sauna stoves and their features

If necessary, with a heating circuit, it can be quite universal both in terms of the mode of operation and the fuel used in it. Such a furnace can be used either in the mode of continuous combustion of fuel, or in cyclic mode, with periodic loading of combustible material. It can be fueled by natural gas, wood, charcoal or wood pellets. In addition, electric furnaces of appropriate power can also be used to heat the bath and heat the water.

For the manufacture of continuous combustion furnaces, steel is usually used. Such a furnace heats up quickly and cools down quickly when the fuel supply to it is stopped. Sometimes the surface of steel furnaces is lined with a decorative non-combustible material, which increases its safety and heat capacity.

Furnaces used in the cyclic mode of space heating must have a high heat capacity and the ability to retain heat for a long time after the fuel supply stops. They are made of refractory bricks, which have a large mass and high heat capacity. Such an oven, after being heated, can maintain a high temperature enough long time. The disadvantages of such furnaces include a long time to reach the operating mode, that is, a long time for heating the furnace in a cold state.

To organize the supply of baths with hot water, as well as for space heating, stoves equipped with systems forced circulation hot water and heat exchangers.

Furnaces with heat exchangers

Furnaces equipped with heat exchangers can successfully solve all the problems of space heating, water heating, steam generation. Heating a bath from the heat exchanger of a bath stove can include not only the main rooms of the bath, but also auxiliary ones, for example, a shower room, a relaxation room, a pool, a billiard room, etc.

When designing a furnace equipped with heat exchangers, even at the stage of bath construction, the following should be taken into account:

the size of the bath and the area of heated premises;
dimensions and weight of the furnace;
specific gravity of the heating device;
the number of heat exchange devices included in the furnace kit;
total volume and composition of the circulating coolant;
diameter and length of the chimney.

Sauna stoves with a heat exchanger can be connected using heat-insulated pipes:

To a remote tank for heating water used in washing department baths.
To heating radiators located in the office premises of the bath - a relaxation room, a billiard room, etc.
To the system of hot water supply and water heating, which includes not only the main and service premises of the bath, but also the living quarters of the house.

Furnaces for heating baths with wood come with an internal or external heat exchanger. The internal heat exchanger is located in the combustion chamber between the housing and the casing. It uses the heat obtained directly in the process of burning fuel and heating the furnace.

The external heat exchanger is arranged around the chimney. It uses the heat given off by heated gases when they are brought out. Due to the increased volume of the external heat exchanger, the efficiency of its functioning is increased. Using the heat of the gases leaving the chimney saves fuel and improves the efficiency of the furnace by reducing the temperature of the exhaust gases.

IN cast iron oven heating of water in the heat exchanger is produced by flue gases and thermal radiation. The heat exchanger housing is located in the upper part of the furnace near the chimney.

A brick oven for a bath involves the location of the heat exchanger inside the brickwork in the immediate vicinity of the firebox. This slightly increases the thermal inertia of the heat exchanger, and also reduces the likelihood of its overheating or oxidation of its surface under the influence of an open flame.

The heating of the bath from the furnace to the steam heat exchanger must comply with technical parameters effective power of the water heating system, operating pressure in the system, volume and composition of the circulating coolant.

Features of a bath stove with a heat exchanger

A bath stove equipped with a heat exchanger has certain design features.

These include, in particular:

tube supply system for coolant circulation;
thickened body walls;
increased volume of the heater;
the presence of a mandatory air distributor;
firebox door made of heat-resistant glass.

The heat exchanger functions due to the constant circulation of water through all the devices that make up the heating system in the bath. For effective use of the heat exchanger, the length of each of the connecting pipes should be a maximum of 3 m. Especially if there is no external thermal insulation of the pipe.

Subject to, as well as in the presence of systems forced ventilation and thermoregulation with a heat exchanger can be equipped with a universal stove for baths and home heating. The stove itself can be located in the bathhouse and connected to the living quarters of the house using a heat-insulated heating pipeline and supplying the home with hot water.

To organize the circulation of water in the central heating system, as well as to supply hot water to the premises of the house and to the washing department of the bath, an automated one is used with maintaining a constant pressure in the line.

The most simple design The universal stove is an electric stove with separate electric heaters for the sections of the stove with a heat exchanger and the heater.

Such a furnace can operate in several modes, namely:

In the mode of heating the living quarters of the house and its hot water supply (DHW) while maintaining the minimum required temperature in the bathhouse during the cold season.
In the heating mode of the bath and the whole house with hot water in the cold season.
Organization of heating baths and heaters in the summer.

A similar stove for a bath and heating at the same time can be created in the form of a continuous device for natural gas or fuel pellets. The use of charcoal or wood as a fuel in this case is difficult and has certain technical difficulties. After all, in wood or coal stoves there is no possibility automatic adjustment temperature. This can lead to sudden temperature fluctuations in the heating line.

If it is possible to connect to a natural gas main or an industrial voltage electric cable, a sauna stove can be made from a heating boiler that runs on gas or electricity, respectively. Such a furnace can perform the functions of a heating and water heating system. Together with the heating boiler in the bath, you can also install a small steel wood-burning stove in the steam room.

If the system has central heating at home of sufficient power, auxiliary rooms of the bath can be heated with it. For this from home system heating to the bath, heat-insulated pipes are laid, to which heating radiators are connected auxiliary premises baths. At the same time, the stove-heater can only be used to heat the steam or washing section of the bath, if necessary.

If the distance from the water-heating boiler of a residential building to the bathhouse is small, then heat loss with such a heating system can be minimal. In addition, the presence of an independent external heating system will allow you to maintain the optimum temperature in the sauna room in the winter. This is required to prevent freezing of water supply and sewage pipes, as well as the bathhouse itself. The combination of heating systems of a residential building and a bath in this case may have an auxiliary, backup character.

A bath is a room specially equipped for washing a person, in which the main factors influencing the body are not only water, but also hot air and steam. Today everyone without exception knows about the benefits of a bath and its healing effect. There are several types of baths

Russian steam room

Finnish sauna

Turkish hammam, etc.

The most widespread in our country are the Russian steam bath and the Finnish sauna, the simplicity of which makes it possible to build them in private homes and on summer cottages.

Baths can be located in the premises of the main house, but more often separate buildings are made for them, consisting of a steam room, a washing or shower room and a dressing room. Depending on the area of the bath (with its minimum size), the washing compartment can be combined with the steam room, and there is no dressing room at all.

Another option is also possible, in which a small pool is additionally arranged in the bathhouse with cold water, a font is installed, a pouring device is mounted, etc.

Requirements for the heating system in the bath

The heating system in the bath should provide for the needs for heat, hot water and steam, without which neither a Russian steam room, nor a sauna, nor a Turkish hammam is inconceivable. At the same time, heating in the bath should be efficient, safe and economical, and the need for thermal energy arises periodically, only for the duration of the visit to the bath.

In addition, the heat in the bath is not ordinary, but high-temperature. So, for example, in the steam room of a Finnish bath, it is customary to maintain a temperature of at least 80C, and in a Russian steam room even higher: 100 degrees Celsius or more.

A conventional heating boiler with a radiator system will not cope with this task. It can only be used for heating the dressing room and organizing hot water supply. In the steam room you need to install a special sauna stove.

Types of sauna stoves and their features

Most often, wood-burning stoves are used to heat the bath. It is they that allow you to admire the view of an open flame, enjoy the crackling of logs, while feeling the aroma of real wood smoke. alternative wood stove is a gas stove, which, in principle, has the same design, but is intended for burning gas, not wood.

For lovers of comfort, special electric sauna stoves are produced.

It should be noted that the modern sauna equipment market is simply amazing with a variety of stoves, among which the Finnish-made stoves Harvia, Helo and Kastor are in the lead. Russian stoves are presented trademarks Termofor, Izhkomtsentr VVTs, Greyvari and many others.

However, choosing a good sauna stove is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. A traditional sauna stove should quickly heat the steam room and provide steam generation in it. In fact, the functions of a sauna stove can be divided into 2 components: vaporization and space heating.

vaporization

In most cases, steam in the bath is obtained in a simple way: a ladle of water is thrown onto the surface of a red-hot furnace. It is clear that such sudden temperature changes, in combination with the humid environment of the bath, adversely affect the surface of the furnace and destroy it.

Therefore, for steam generation in the bath, natural stones are used, which are heated on the surface of the stove, placing them in a special compartment called a heater. Hence the name of the sauna stove "Kamenka".

As bath stones, pieces of hard and durable rock, usually of volcanic origin, are used, which do not contain impurities that are dangerous to human health. Preference is given to jadeite, raspberry quartzite and jade, which are resistant to temperature extremes and high heat capacity, which (according to the assurances of experienced bathers), make the steam especially high-quality and healing.

Pieces of rock laid in the stove heater accumulate thermal energy, the stock of which ensures efficient vaporization. Hot stones prevent water from entering the furnace body, thereby protecting it from corrosion.

For more efficient, and most importantly, constant vaporization, some manufacturers (for example, Russian company Termofor) provided elements in the design of their furnaces, which are simple models steam generators.

Steam room heating

As already mentioned, the temperature in the steam room must be maintained at a level close to 100 C. For this, furnaces with enhanced heat transfer are used, transferring heat to environment convection and radiation. However, too strong (burning) thermal radiation is not welcome in the bath. It does not contribute to comfort, although it provides the much-desired heat in the steam room.

The problem is solved simply: the casing of the “correct” sauna stove is made in the form of a convector, which provides heating for ascending air flows. In this case, the outer surface of the casing is cooled, which makes the thermal radiation of the furnace softer and more comfortable.

As a result, a relatively small modern sauna stove will quickly heat up the steam room and provide the necessary amount of steam.

Furnaces with a convector are often lined with natural stone. This is beautiful, and besides, it helps to increase the thermal inertia of the device.

The steam room was heated. And what to do with the antechamber?

To heat the dressing room, you can use a separate stove, or you can install a stove with an extended fuel channel in the bathhouse, designed to heat two adjacent rooms. In such a device, the body (an array of the furnace) is located in the steam room, and the firebox is placed in the dressing room. As a rule, the heat coming through the furnace window is quite enough to heat it.

For those who would like to enjoy the view of an open flame, they make stoves with an enlarged furnace window, the so-called "fireplace stoves". The oven door is made translucent.

If the steam room is heated by an electric stove, they use electric heaters. Particularly good for these purposes are infrared devices mounted on the ceiling, as well as underfloor heating.

Furnaces with an extended fuel channel are considered more convenient and safer. Their use takes the process of laying firewood outside the steam room. For those who would like to see the flame of the stove both in the dressing room and in the steam room, Kastor has developed a special model with a translucent back wall Incendo 20.

Problems of hot water supply in the bath

To heat the water in the bath, stoves with heat exchangers are used, as well as stoves with built-in tanks for heating water. The tank can be purchased separately and installed, for example, on a chimney.

Furnaces with heat exchangers are more convenient and efficient. They work in the same way as a conventional water heater. To ensure the supply of hot water, you need to install a storage tank.

Sauna stove selection

Furnaces for baths and saunas can have different power from 2 kW to 40 kW or more. They are selected depending on the area of the steam room and the tasks that are planned to be solved with their help. This takes into account that a furnace with a heat exchanger must have more power than a conventional heat unit to provide heat for the steam room, because part of the energy it generates will be spent on heating water.

Video instruction - how to choose bath heating in the example

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Heating baths with their own hands | Construction portal

The first association that each of us has with the word "bath" is warmth. It is here that you can really warm up in severe frosts and relieve fatigue from strained muscles. Regardless of the size, design and finish of the sauna, its heart is the stove-heater. It is she who provides heat in the steam room and comfortable temperature in other rooms. In order to organize the heating of the bath with your own hands, you first need to decide on the choice of the furnace, and then study the technology of its installation and maintenance. Proper thermal insulation of the room is also of great importance. Whatever the oven, it is important that the heat does not escape through the walls and ceiling.

Choosing a stove for a bath

When choosing a stove for a bath, you need to consider a number of criteria. Let's deal with each of them separately.

Operating principle

There are continuous and intermittent furnaces for heating baths (drawings of some models can be found below). In devices of the first type, it is necessary to maintain the combustion of fuel throughout the entire period of use of the steam room. The second is enough to heat in advance.

Furnace material

There are a lot of materials for the device of the heater, but only two of them are the most common - brick and steel.

Most often, brick kilns are built with periodic action, although there are also models that imply constant burning. Their advantages can be safely attributed to the long-term maintenance of a high temperature in the room. But such an oven also warms up for a long time - more than 5 hours. So if you want to take a steam bath in the evening, you need to start heating in the afternoon. But then you can relax and have fun - the bath heating system will no longer require your attention.

The disadvantages of such a furnace can only be attributed to the high cost. For its device, you will need the services of an experienced stove-maker, and they are not cheap. Also, the price will be affected by the need to lay a sufficiently powerful foundation, which is due to the large weight of the brick heater.

Metal furnaces for a bath most often work on the principle of constant action.

The fact is that the walls of such a device are quite thin, which means they cool quickly. Therefore, to ensure full heating in the bath, it is necessary to maintain the combustion process all the time. However, a bath with a metal stove warms up much faster than with a brick one - about 2 hours in the cold season. Such a heater is perfect for small baths with a light foundation.

Type of fuel

Another important criterion is the choice of fuel type. Many people think that you need to heat the bath only with firewood. There is some truth in this, of course. The combustion of wood provides a unique aroma and special warmth. But, you see, storing firewood for heating a bath is quite troublesome. It's much easier to just press a button or open a gas supply valve.

Today on sale you can find heaters on all types of fuel: gas, electric, wood and even liquid fuel. There are also multi-fuel models. In addition, if you have a certain experience and a great desire to make such an oven, you can do it yourself.

Of course, you need to proceed from what is more accessible and cheaper. So:

firewood - traditional, but troublesome;
electricity - convenient and publicly available, but expensive;
liquid fuel - flammable, inconvenient and quite expensive;
gas is relatively cheap, convenient, but, unfortunately, not always available.

How to make heating in the bath

As a rule, the only source of heat in the bath is the heater. The only exceptions are large bath complexes, which include not only a steam room and dressing room, but also a relaxation room, a billiard room and a large swimming pool. In such premises, the heating system is not much different from the usual in-house, and the heater (most often electric) heats only the steam room.

If we talk about a classic bath, then the stove in it must be installed so that it warms up all the rooms to the required temperature, and the water tank is located closer to the washing room.

The “through” arrangement of the furnace can be considered ideal. In this case, it is installed so that the firebox door is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the water tank is in the washing room. For such an installation, a metal stove with a side heater is best suited. It looks like this:

A - hot water outlet;

B - cold water inlet;

B - junction with the chimney;

G - firebox;

D - blower;

E is a stone.

And it is located in the room like this:

a - cold water inlet;

b - hot water outlet;

c - firebox;

d - a stone.

In this case, all combustible elements of the walls must be protected by refractory material.

It should be noted that a furnace of this design can also be built of brick, but it will take up much more space.

Another fairly practical option is a stove with a remote tank and an open heater. Its design provides for installation in the furnace of the register for heating water. Such a scheme for heating the bath and heating water for washing allows you to avoid premature boiling of the liquid in the tank and the appearance of raw steam in the still unheated room.

It should be noted that the lower edge of the tank must be located at least half a meter above the level of the register.

Whatever design of the oven you choose, you must strictly follow the rules for its installation.

Rules for installing a metal furnace

The base for the stove must be non-combustible. It can be made from fireclay bricks, sheet metal or concrete. For beauty, such a base can be tiled.
The firebox door should be directed to the opposite corner.
The floor in front of the firebox must not be combustible. If the base is made of wood, it is necessary to cover it with a sheet of metal, at least 60 cm wide.

It is better to overlay a metal furnace with a brick. This will not only protect you from burns on a hot surface, but also serve as a decoration.

It can be a good helper for those who independently organize the heating of the bath - instructions for the heater. It, as a rule, indicates the required distance from the furnace to the wall and describes the method of organizing the chimney.

Rules for installing a brick oven

Considering the rather large weight brick oven, it is important to provide it with a solid foundation - a reinforced reinforced concrete foundation.

An experienced stove-maker is best at building such a heater, but if you have some skills in this matter and decide to take on it yourself, take into account the following recommendations:

Some features of gas bath heating

Given the possibility of leakage and the explosion hazard of gas, special requirements are imposed on furnaces using this type of fuel:

The stove must be equipped with an automatic device that will stop the gas supply if the flame goes out.
A common line can be used to supply natural gas, but an individual line must be arranged for butane and propane.
For gas heating baths, the same rules apply. fire safety, as for metal furnaces on other types of fuel.

Chimney organization

Bathhouses have not been heated “in a black way” for a long time, which means that the installation of a heater requires proper organization removal of combustion products. To install the chimney, you will need the following items:

ceiling-through node;
"flash" - passage through the roof;
"umbrella";
sandwich pipe.

The sandwich pipe is connected to the outlet of the furnace, and a ceiling-through assembly is installed in the place where it passes through the ceiling.

Important! Despite the fact that the design of the sandwich pipe provides a layer of heat-insulating material, it may not be enough to prevent fire ceiling covering. When organizing gas heating in a bath, you should not save on additional protection of the chimney exit to the street. This can lead to irreparable consequences.

The outer edge of the pipe must be closed with an "umbrella", which will protect it from rain and snow.

All stages of installing the heater and installing the chimney are shown in the video:

That's all the basic rules. Remember, no matter what type of heating devices you choose, the main thing is to ensure the safety of their use.

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Heating in the bath

There are special requirements for heating in the bath. This is due to the fact that in the steam room it is necessary to provide a high temperature (more than 100 ° C). An ordinary heating boiler cannot cope with such a task (it is simply not designed for this), for this you need a sauna stove, which was originally adapted to produce high-temperature heat. Well, the boiler, if necessary, can serve as an additional source of energy for heating utility rooms and hot water supply.

Wooden bath on two floors.

Before talking about heating options in the bath, you should decide on the following issues:

Where will the bathhouse be located, namely: in the house in the form of a separate room, next to the house or at a considerable distance from it in the form of a separate structure;
Bath type: Russian, Finnish, Turkish, etc.;
The size and layout of the areas (steam room, locker room, rest room, shower room, etc.);
Frequency of use (year-round or seasonal);
Priorities (what is at the forefront: the level of comfort or financial performance).

Of no small importance are infrastructural aspects, such as the availability of a stable power supply, gas communications, and fuel resources. It often happens that the type of heating becomes obvious immediately after the final decision is made, taking into account all the above factors. But still it often happens that you have to choose from several alternatives, which are outlined below.

brick oven

A good option for heating a bath with a spacious steam room, which allows you to solve several problems at once: to get high-quality (soft) steam, hot water and heat adjacent rooms small area. Such a furnace does not heat up quickly, but it retains heat for a long time after the end of the firebox. You can heat the stove either with wood or coal (the classic way), or with electricity or gas (main or bottled).

Brick oven for a bath with water heating.

Since the main purpose of the stove is to generate steam, it is naturally placed in the steam room. However, a zealous owner will definitely take care of its fullest use and ease of use. For example, the location of the furnace opening in the dressing room, and the water tank - in washing room(if any) allows heating (main or additional) utility rooms.

Unfortunately, a brick oven is not a cheap pleasure. Firstly, you need a solid foundation, secondly, a special refractory brick, and thirdly, a qualified master (stove-maker). In total, these costs will amount to a decent amount.

Stove-heater

The stove got its name because vaporization occurs by splashing water on hot natural stones, laid in a compartment specially designated for this. Furnaces of this type are very diverse both in design, and in the material used, and in the type of fuel.

Heating baths from the stove in the steam room.

From the point of view of the layout, the stove-heater can be open or closed type. In the first case, the container for storing stones has open access, in the second case it is closed with a lid. An open heater warms up the steam room quite quickly and gives high temperature dry steam (over 100°C). A closed heater spends more time and fuel to warm up the room, and the steam is more humid and less hot. But such a furnace cools down much more slowly, retaining heat for a long time. From the foregoing, it follows that an open heater is better suited for a sauna, and a closed one is better for a Russian bath.

As for the material, here the choice is limited to either brick or heat-resistant steel. A steel oven will be cheaper and easier to operate, but it will also cool down faster. To balance the pros and cons of both options, one often resorts to combined design, which contains both brickwork and metal elements. In particular, it is possible to enclose a brick heater in metal carcass, you can install a metal firebox or vice versa, line the firebox of a steel furnace with bricks from the inside.

Modern stoves are produced for almost any type of energy resource: wood, gas, electricity. The main thing is that they maximum efficiency provided heating to a high temperature of the stone material, which serves both to generate steam and to store heat.

Special requirements are imposed on the properties of stones: when heated, they should not emit substances harmful to human health and at the same time have a high calorific value. To such natural stones include jadeite, gabbro-diabase, basalt, white quartz, etc.

Ariston ABS PRO ECO 80V - hot water boiler for heating the rest room of the bath.

Heating of additional rooms

The heat capacity of the sauna stove may not be enough to heat the adjacent rooms of the bath, such as a dressing room, a rest room, etc. For a bath inside the house, this problem is not worth it: these areas are simply connected to the general heating system. If we are talking about a free-standing bath, then here this issue is usually solved by installing additional heating devices, such as radiators, convectors, infrared heaters, etc. small sizes adjacent rooms, it is advisable to use a chimney-convector that uses the heat of the exhaust gases and does not require auxiliary energy sources.

Heating of the rest room in the bath.

For a free-standing bath, in addition to installing auxiliary heaters, a promising option may be to supply heat from a house in which a heating system is already operating. However, two important points must be taken into account here: is the boiler power reserve sufficient to “pull” the heating in the bathhouse as well, and is it possible to stretch the heating main from the house to the bathhouse. If the answer to both questions is yes, such a heating scheme deserves attention: it may turn out to be more economical than other options due to the lack of the need to purchase or build additional energy sources. But it should be borne in mind that if the heating main is too long and, moreover, not well insulated, large heat losses will negate the resulting savings.

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The benefits of a bath are well known, so a bath in a house or on a site has become a common occurrence. When choosing heating for a waiting room and a steam room, one should take into account the expected number of people who want to take a steam bath and the possibility of using one or another type of fuel.

Scheme of water heating.

A heater for heating and steam - an option for small baths

If bath room small and is used only for its intended purpose, then the sauna stove will be enough for both the steam room and the dressing room. Making heating in such a bath is easy even with your own hands.

It is very important not to make a mistake with the choice of the heater. A variety of ready-made bath heaters allows you to choose exactly the device that you need.

The power of the sauna stove is selected according to the area, for each m² there must be at least 1 kW, moreover, it is necessary to have a reserve of 50%, which will make it possible to use the bath in severe frosts. If the room provides support for positive temperature, then there is no need for a reserve.

Sauna stoves can run on different types of fuel, and although it is traditionally believed that a sauna should be fired with wood, this is not always justified. Often, harvesting firewood, especially if you do it yourself, takes a lot of time and effort. It is most convenient to use electricity, but this is the most expensive heating option. Natural gas is a minimum of labor costs and relative cheapness, however, the possibility of connecting to the main line is far from always available. Liquefied gas will cost more. Liquid fuels are expensive, inconvenient to use and dangerous. Having selected the stove according to the power and type of fuel or having bought a multi-fuel model, you can start installing it yourself.

Scheme of installation of the heating system.

Since there are usually three rooms in the bath: a dressing room, a steam room and a washing room, the best option when installing a stove with your own hands is the option in which the firebox is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the container with heated water is in the washing room. Existing Models with a lateral location of the heater just provide such a configuration heating elements ovens.

When building walls in a bath, combustible materials (wood, insulation) are very often used, so when installing a bath stove with your own hands, one should not forget about fire safety. A refractory material is laid between the walls and the furnace. The stove is installed on a steel sheet with non-combustible thermal insulation, and if it is fired with wood, then before furnace door the same heat-insulated sheet is needed. The pipe is led out through a ceiling device made of sheet steel and having a hole of the appropriate diameter. The installation of the furnace is carried out before they begin Finishing work.

A steel heater warms up a room very quickly, but requires constant burning, since it has practically no ability to accumulate heat. The heat from this type of heater is harsh, ventilation will be needed to create more comfortable conditions.

A sauna stove made of brick has a number of advantages. Thick brick walls accumulate heat, gradually giving it to the room. The process of warming up the bath takes a long time, but the heat lasts a long time, and there is no need for continuous burning. It is difficult to make a brick heater with your own hands, even with some building skills. It is better to entrust the masonry to a qualified stove-maker, but you can make a reinforced concrete foundation for the stove on your own.

The owners of private houses, and sometimes the owners of summer cottages, build on their land plots baths. The most popular are Russian baths and Finnish saunas with a swimming pool. To heat the premises of these buildings, heating is required, since bath procedures are closely related to water. Water freezes at low temperatures and can subsequently damage pipelines, mixers and other equipment (defrost). Creation offline source heating for a bath entails large financial costs, in addition, installing a boiler for a bath (which, as a rule, has a small area) is irrelevant. The best option is considered to be the heating of the bath from the boiler in the house located on the site.

Stove heating in the bath

In relation to the bath, there are three types of heating:

Water;
Electrical;
Furnace.

Stove heating is used in baths without permanent plumbing and having a small area. This is due to the fact that the furnace is designed for local rapid heating of the room, has an unstable (episodic) mode of operation. With this method of heating, the water will freeze in the communications and unfreeze them.

Water heating is the most popular space heating configuration. Water has suitable thermophysical properties and acts as an excellent heat carrier. Water heating is realized from centralized system or autonomous heat generator. The following types of devices act as heat generators:

A gas boiler;
Solid fuel boiler;
Liquid fuel boiler;
Electric boiler.

Electric heating is divided into two heating schemes:

Water heating using an electric boiler;
Heating with individual appliances.

A heating gas boiler for a bath requires a permit and a gas project. Heating a bath (sauna) with an electric boiler does not require approval, but is implemented by the construction of a water heating system.

Water heating of the bath implies a constant mode of operation to prevent freezing of communications. The purchase of a boiler (gas, electric, solid fuel), coupled with the cost of fuel to ensure a constant mode of operation, results in serious financial costs.

Using separate electrical heating appliances will make things a bit easier - you don't have to worry about freezing water - but the cost of electrical energy will be of considerable size. In addition, electric heating has another significant drawback - it is possible to turn off the power supply and downtime of heating equipment.

Bath heating from home

In private houses and summer cottages, for the purposes of heating and hot water supply, they construct autonomous systems heating with its own heat generator. The most popular option is to use a heating gas boiler (if it is possible to connect to main gas pipelines). Natural gas is considered the cheapest type of fuel and the operation of systems based on gas boilers is famous for its economy.

The presence of your own boiler allows you to use its thermal power for heating the bath, even if it is removed from the location of the boiler. The advantages of this solution are the following factors:

It is not required to purchase the main equipment (new boiler);
Constant maintenance of the set temperature in the bath (without visiting it, remotely);
There is no need to store firewood and manually maintain the stove;

From the constant mode of operation follows the main drawback - the cost of fuel. This value can be significantly reduced by maintaining a standby temperature in the bath at 10 - 15 degrees. Water will not freeze at this temperature, the heating of the bath for bathing procedures from this temperature will occur in the shortest possible time.

TO existing system heating, a separate line (supply and return) is connected, designed to supply a home bath with a coolant. The line is connected to the main heating distribution manifold located near the boiler. There are two types of boilers - with built-in and with a separate pump. In any case, it is advisable to install a separate circulation pump low power. This will ensure the independence of the circuit from the hydraulic circuit of home heating.

In the premises of the bath, heating devices are installed at the choice of the owner - convectors, radiators, floor heating. Depending on the thermal power of the selected devices, the diameter is calculated main pipelines baths (supply and return).

In the case of underfloor heating, it is necessary to install a control unit for underfloor heating circuits with a thermostatic mixer. Due to the small heated area, when installing the heating system, you can choose a single-pipe piping scheme for radiators (convectors).

When installing the system, it is imperative to install shut-off valves (general and on devices). Equipment and pipelines should be installed with a slope so that the coolant can drain when the heating is turned off (or gas, electricity, and so on).

Laying pipelines from the house to the bath

The laying of heating lines to the bath is carried out in two ways:

Outdoor (open);
Underground (hidden).

External laying is used at a small distance to the bath - in this case, the construction of numerous supports, which are unnecessary elements on the site, is not required. When laying outdoors, pipelines are insulated and laid with a slope to free them from water.

The main method of laying heating pipelines is underground. The choice of material is carried out with the condition special conditions operation - inaccessibility and lack of connections (hidden). The best choice is polymer pipelines. Pipes made of polyethylene (cross-linked), metal-plastic, polypropylene are laid on a sand cushion in an open trench, then buried.

The depth of the trench - the pipe laying point - must be below the freezing point of the soil for a particular region.

The depth of freezing is determined by the reference book. Pipelines can not be isolated by using a protective material - fiberglass and other types of material with similar characteristics.

Connection to heating mains

Connecting not only baths, but also private houses to centralized heating mains is very problematic. This is due to the hydraulic structure of the central heating system. Connecting an insignificant object of low power, without the possibility of constant access for repair and maintenance, can adversely affect the operation of the entire centralized system as a whole.

As a rule, heat supply organizations do not accept applications and do not issue specifications for such events.

The popularity of bath procedures is growing every year, and many owners of private houses want to equip a bath right in their yard. Going to your own steam room will provide a charge of vivacity, excellent mood and relaxation. The "heart" of any bath is a stove-heater. It depends on it how functional and comfortable the bath will be. High-quality heating in the bath can be done independently.

To build a heater with your own hands, you need to choose the type of stove, find out how it is built and what kind of maintenance it requires. In addition to heating, you should take care of reliable thermal insulation.

Criterias of choice

The main indicators that must be considered when choosing a furnace are the following:

mechanism of action;
manufacturing materials;
fuel.

Baths can be heated with stoves of permanent or temporary (intermittent) action. The first ones need to be kept burning all the time while the steam room is being used. The second is enough preliminary high-quality heating.

The range of materials from which a heater can be made now includes a large number of traditional and new technological elements.

The best stoves are made of steel and brick.

Brick structures

The leaders in demand are brick heaters of periodic action. Kamenki with continuous burning also used to provide heating baths, but much less frequently.

Brick ovens of periodic action have both an advantage - they maintain a high temperature in the room for a long time, and a disadvantage - they need to be heated for at least 5 hours. In winter, it takes even more time. Therefore, if bath procedures are scheduled for the evening, then it is necessary to start drowning in the afternoon. After that, you can bathe and not be distracted by other things, the heating will work without outside interference.

There is another drawback of such models - high cost. It is quite difficult to make such a heater yourself. To get a truly functional stove, you need an experienced master stove-maker. And his work is highly paid. The high cost of the heating structure can also be explained by the fact that it is necessary to lay a powerful foundation that will withstand a heavy brick heater.

Metal heat sources

Metal furnaces are characterized by the principle of continuous operation. A furnace with thin steel walls does not keep heat for long, which can be attributed to its disadvantages. And the advantage of a metal sauna stove is that it will take much less time to warm up the room.

In winter, this will take no more than 2 hours. Heating using a steel heater is best organized in a bath that has small dimensions. The installation of the furnace can be done by hand.

Fuel selection

Theoretically, a bath building can be heated by any energy carrier. Depending on the fuel, the furnaces can be of the following types:

gas;
electric;
wood;
on liquid fuel;
multi-fuel.

It is very important to choose the right fuel so that heating the sauna in winter is cost-effective and easy. There is an opinion that only firewood is best suited for these purposes. It's hard to argue with that.

In the process of burning timber, the room is filled with an indescribable aroma and special warmth. Such an atmosphere cannot be obtained if the bath is heated with electricity.

If such an environmentally friendly fuel is chosen, then you need to think about how to heat the bathhouse in winter? Saving firewood is much more difficult than turning off the valve on a gas pipe.

The choice is made taking into account the availability and economy of fuel. Burning wood is expensive. Using electricity is easy. This is a convenient and generally accessible, however, unprofitable way.

Liquid fuel stove - high risk of fire, inconvenience in maintenance and high material costs. You can use gas, with which heating in the bath will be somewhat cheaper and more convenient. But not all private houses are connected to the central gas supply.

Location of the heater

Usually the bath is heated by a single heat source. For a house, next to which a kind of bath complex is built (with a waiting room, a steam room, a swimming pool, a relaxation room, a room for playing billiards), a generally accepted heating system is needed.

If heating is being designed for a classic bath, then the stove is positioned so that it can be used to heat each room. A tank with water is allocated a place near the washroom.

The "through" arrangement of the furnace is ideal. The firebox door can be opened while in the dressing room. The stove itself will be located in the steam room, and the water tank in the washing room.

It is important that each of the combustible elements of the furnace structure is protected by refractory material. To comply with this, you can build a brick heater, but it will have large dimensions and take up a lot of space.

A practical option is to build a stove, the design of which includes a tank and an open heater. The furnace for heating water is equipped with a register, which will prevent premature boiling of water, in which an unheated bath is filled with raw steam. in this way requires compliance important nuance– the lower edge of the tank must be 50 cm above the register.

Algorithm for the construction of a metal furnace

For the furnace, a foundation should be made of non-combustible material. Suitable fireclay brick, sheet metal or concrete. To make the base aesthetic, it can be tiled. The firebox door is directed to the opposite corner. Floors are made of fireproof material. If a tree is used, then it is covered sheet metal 60 cm wide.

To create classic design the interior in the bath, a metal stove can be overlaid with bricks. In addition to being beautiful, such a move will prevent burns. To properly build a chimney and determine at what distance from the walls the heater should be placed, be sure to study the instructions.

The main problem that arises when installing a brick heater is the massiveness of the structure. This requires the construction of a reinforced concrete foundation. For those who do not have experience building sauna stoves with their own hands, the following tips may come in handy.

If a thick layer of mortar is put between the brick seams, then under the influence high temperatures it will begin to collapse and the heater will become leaky. On the contrary, a thin layer of mortar between the brick seams will negatively affect the duration of the structure's operation.

Each vertical layer of masonry must be covered with the top brick. It is advisable to make overlappings in half a brick.

There are other nuances. So, if a cut brick is used, then the whole side should be turned inside the furnace. To ensure uniform linear expansion, cast iron elements are installed with a gap. To fix the upper part of the oven door, it is better to use a metal clamp.

The gas is an explosive fuel. If it is planned to use gas, then the furnace must be equipped with automation, which will shut off the fuel supply in the absence of a flame.

When connecting the house to the central gas pipeline, natural gas can serve as fuel for the heater. If the heating is individual, propane or butane will do.

Gas heating in the bath at any time of the year is carried out in accordance with the fire safety rules established for dangerous species fuel.

Construction of a smoke extraction system

Combustion products must be removed correctly and in a timely manner. Violation of the chimney construction technology is fraught with huge troubles.

The chimney includes the following elements:

ceiling-through node;
passage through the roof;
"umbrella".

The sandwich pipe is connected to the furnace outlet and led out through the ceiling by means of a ceiling-through assembly. The place where the chimney exits to the outside must be protected with heat-insulating material. An "umbrella" is installed on top of the pipe to protect it from precipitation.