green onion business. Basic tips for beginners. Business ideas: growing onions. Easy business with good profit

Growing green onions at home is attractive for its simplicity and minimum cost time. To obtain a high-quality product in large volumes in a limited area, the method of forcing onions into a feather is used. This technology is not complicated, does not require special conditions and is available to any gardener.

Onion is one of the most well-studied agricultural crops, therefore vegetable farming technology has been brought to perfection and is available to every gardener. The culture can be grown traditionally or hydroponically.

Despite the relatively simple cultivation technique, it is important to maintain all the conditions that are needed for onions in the forcing stage on the feather. Only in this way can a high profitability of the event be achieved.

In limited spaces, you can equip a vertical bed. To do this, holes are cut in a checkerboard pattern in a five-liter water tank and filled with a substrate. Bulbs in an impromptu garden are planted using the generally accepted method.

Selection and preparation of planting material

For growing at home, you need to choose varieties of onions that are characterized by high productivity, fast forcing of the feather and able to quickly adapt to the microclimate of the room. Varieties have these qualities:

• "Strigunovsky";
• "Rostovsky";
• "Bessonovsky";
• "Sprint";
• "Arzamas".

It is best to purchase bulbs from the autumn harvest.

In addition to the variety, you need to pay attention to the type of onion, best qualities possess: bulb onion, slime onion, shallot, leek, multi-tiered. Each type has its own characteristics and taste. Therefore, the detailed selection is always based on the grower's preference and possible conditions cultivation.

For planting, choose bulbs with an average diameter of 2-3 cm, they should be without signs of damage, rot and with a thin neck. The scales of the vegetable should be even in color and shiny.

If there is no sprout, the neck of the bulb should be cut parallel to the root bottom. This will speed up the germination of the feather.

After that, the bulbs are laid out on a dry surface in a dark room for 2 days. During this period, the onion cells are saturated with oxygen, which increases the growth of the feather.

If planting is planned in the substrate, the bulb must be soaked in water at a temperature of 40 ° C or in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 10 hours. If growing hydroponically, soaking is not required.

Growing onions in a substrate

Before planting onions, you need to prepare the substrate in advance. To do this, mix humus and river sand 1: 1. The vegetable will also develop well in soil mixture for cacti, which can be purchased at garden centers. The day before planting, the substrate is shed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Landing steps:

• filling containers so that a distance of 2-3 cm remains from the edge of the sides;
• the optimal layer of soil mixture is 7-10 cm;
• planting bulbs at a distance of 1-2 cm, deepening only the root area;
• watering with warm water.

With excessive deepening, after a while the flesh of the bulb will rot, which attracts a large number of insects and disrupts the development of sprouts.

To ensure an uninterrupted harvest, 1-2 new ones should be added to the home plantation every three weeks.

Onion care rules

With full provision of all conditions, the onion feather grows by 30 cm in just 15-17 days and is distinguished by high palatability and rich chemical composition. To do this, you need to follow simple rules.

Room microclimate

The mistake of many gardeners is to place the onion in a well-lit and warm place immediately after planting. For the formation and adaptation of the root system in the substrate, the planted onion should be placed in a shaded and cool room for 10 days. After that, the container can be placed in a well-lit and warm place.

For this, windows with a south or southwest direction are well suited. With a short daylight hours, additional lighting will definitely be needed. For this you can use fluorescent lamps or LED panels. Artificial lighting should be installed no closer than 20 cm to the plant.

Temperature is of great importance for onions at the stage of feather forcing. At low temperatures, the onion slows down growth, with a strong increase it withers and loses its qualities. Therefore, you should always support temperature regime plants +18°С-+25°С. When the temperature drops below + 12 ° C, onion development stops.

For onions, spraying is useful, which is carried out 2 times a week. In this case, you need to ensure that water does not fall on the bulb.

For onions, overheating of the substrate is harmful, which often happens under the influence of sunlight. In these cases, the container of the plant is wrapped in foil.

Watering and feeding

For feeding onions, fertilizers with an NPK index of 10-10-10 are used. This means that they contain the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in equal proportions.

• "Polydon",
• "Rainbow",
• "Reakom".

Fertilizers are diluted according to the instructions, where the required volume for each plant is indicated.

It is convenient to fertilize with a syringe. Feeding is carried out once during the forcing period, when the feather growth reaches 4 cm.

Water onions 2 times a week. The average water temperature should be 20°C-25°C. This indicator is of great importance for the growth of the feather, cold water has a bad effect on the roots and the plant slows down development.

Growing onions in water

The ability to grow onions using only water is based on the internal resources of the vegetable. During the growing season, enough nutrients accumulate in the cells of the vegetable to support the development of new shoots. Over time, resources are depleted, so the bulbs are periodically changed.

With this method of growing, the preparation of the bulbs for planting is somewhat different. Bulbs should be placed in a hot solution of ash, potassium permanganate and water (50 ° C) for 20 minutes. After that, the onion is immersed in cold water and cleaned of exfoliated husks.

For planting, you can use any convenient container. But in order to make better use of space, it is better to plant in special containers for sprouting or egg packaging.

Holes should be made in one part of the egg carton so that the roots of the onion pass completely through them. Settled water is poured into the second part, and the package with the bulbs is placed on top.

At the joints you need to put toothpicks or another comfortable material. It is important that the bulb does not come into contact with water, and the roots are completely immersed in it.

Bulbs placed in glass containers often rot. To avoid this, only the roots are placed in the container. To do this, a circle is cut out of thick cardboard with a hole smaller in diameter than the base of the bulb. The container is covered with cardboard and the bulb is placed on top.

Plantings are also placed in a dark room and the water is changed every day, morning and evening. After the appearance of the feather, the water is changed once a day, while washing the roots under running water.

Arrows sprouting more than 20 cm are cut off, and after exhaustion, the bulb is changed to a new one.

The productivity of the bulb will increase if it is fed once during the forcing period. Based on 1 liter of water, add:

• wood ash 5 g;
• nitrogen 1.5 g, superphosphate 2 g, potassium chloride 1.5 g;
• complex 2 tsp

You can use it in any suitable way. Fertilize plants after the start of growth of green mass.

A simple and convenient way to grow onions on a feather is to use special containers for sprouting. They are designed to meet all the needs of the plant during this period. Containers fully justify their cost, save time and space. It is attractive and its aesthetics, the design of the device is well suited for the interior of the kitchen or loggia.

Containers consist of two tiers. Bulbs are placed on the upper part, water is poured on the lower pan. A working compressor evenly sprays water, so the roots receive not only moisture, but also good aeration.

Harvesting

Onions grown in onions sprout in 2-3 days, and after 2-3 weeks grow up to 30 cm. Onions planted in an aquatic environment develop faster for several days, but the risk of decay in this case is greater. In any case, full development depends on the length of daylight hours. The more sprouts are illuminated, the faster and more abundant the harvest will be.

Onion feathers are cut from the edge to the center. Harvest is stored in wooden or plastic boxes lined with thin paper and holes for aeration. In addition to the ways to sell the product, you need to take care of storing green onions with the maximum preservation of useful properties.

To do this, the collected onion is placed in a glass container, tightly covered with a lid and placed in the refrigerator. Only unwashed onions of medium size and without damage are stored well. Under such conditions, the freshness of the product is preserved for a month.

While watching the video, you will learn about growing onions in bags.

Green onions organically complement the taste of many dishes, giving it fresh spring notes and at the same time saturating food with various vitamins. This product is in demand all year round, however, you can find it on the shelves in abundance only in summer, when farmers and villagers harvest from open ground.

Considering the cultivation of onions as a business, you can see that this type of activity is not only profitable, but also accessible to beginners: agricultural technology is a set of simple and understandable operations, and the culture itself does not require complex care and the creation of special microclimatic conditions. Therefore, even novice entrepreneurs who follow the recommendations can plant several beds and get a good harvest with minimal labor.

Business Features

The technology of growing onions on a feather at home is known to every housewife: in the spring, on the windowsills of many houses and apartments, you can see jars and glasses filled with onions filled with water. However, such primitive hydroponic installations can hardly be called productive: the resulting crop is not enough even to meet personal needs. Therefore, in business we are talking about a slightly different scale: in summer, onions are massively cultivated in the beds directly in open field, and in winter they use heated and unheated greenhouse complexes for these purposes.

If there is land summer version seems to be the simplest, since only planting material, water and fertilizers. However, in the warm season, the farmer competes with numerous summer residents and rural residents, who massively fill the markets with their goods. As a result, supply exceeds demand by many times, the price decreases, and the timely sale of perishable products is in jeopardy.

The situation looks somewhat different in the off-season and in winter: there are no green onions on the market in principle, and a few suppliers cannot cope with the demands of shops and supermarkets. As a result, the price of fresh feathers increases four to five times, which fully compensates for the huge costs of maintaining greenhouse complexes. Moreover, cultivation of feather onions in a greenhouse in winter under controlled conditions leads to a 30-50% increase in crop productivity and allows harvesting every 35-45 days.

Given the above, we can highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of the business idea of ​​growing onions. The first are the following factors:

• Even in winter time the profitability of the enterprise exceeds 150%;
• There are special varieties that can be cultivated all year round;
• Greens are constantly in high demand among buyers;
• Business can be started on personal plot in a small greenhouse;
• The technology of growing green onions in greenhouses is accessible and understandable for beginners;
• A huge sales market allows you to quickly find buyers without significant marketing costs.

Listing the main disadvantages of the business, it should be noted that:

• The cost of an industrial greenhouse complex exceeds the capabilities of many start-up entrepreneurs;
• Market price fluctuations can be unpredictable;
• Products are characterized by a short shelf life;
• At the beginning of summer, the level of competition exceeds reasonable limits.

Varieties for cultivation

The construction and maintenance of winter greenhouses is expensive for the entrepreneur. Therefore, considering the cultivation of green onions as a business, it is necessary Special attention pay attention to the selection of productive varieties that can grow and give a good harvest in artificial conditions. For example, in autumn and winter it is pointless to plant in closed ground onions, since this species is characterized by a long dormant period: at this time, the rudiments of shoots are still absent in the bulbs - accordingly, even with the use of special technologies, they will not germinate.

Fortunately, there are other types of onions in which the dormant period does not exceed a few weeks - batun, multi-tiered, chives, slime or shallots:

1. Bow-batun. The leaves are identical in appearance and taste to the feathers of an ordinary onion species, however, this variety does not form a real bulb, so farmers are more likely to grow onions for greens from seeds. At a temperature of 15°C and a humidity of 80–85%, the yield of a batun reaches 3.5–4 kg/m²;
2. Leek. Broad feathers, reminiscent of garlic, grow on a thick white stem, which is also edible. For its formation, shoots obtained from seeds are planted in grooves 8–10 cm deep, gradually pouring earth in the process of growth. The average crop yield is 2 kg/m²;
3. Shallot. It also resembles onions, but differs from it in strong branching and the structure of the bulb, more like garlic: up to 10 lobes are formed in each nest, simultaneously releasing shoots. Feathers up to 30 cm long can be collected after a month; the yield in this case is 3–4 kg / m²;
4. Chives. Not only long narrow leaves are eaten, but also false bulbs up to 1 cm in diameter. The yield reaches 3 kg / m², however, this variety needs a special lighting regime - otherwise the shoots grow thin and pale green. Propagate chives by dividing the rhizome;
5. Slime onion. A feature of this species are wide feathers with a garlic smell, filled with slimy juice. The perennial slug does not have a dormant period and grows continuously, with the maximum yield being achieved in the third year - up to 4.5 kg / m². For reproduction with equal success, they practice growing onions from seeds and dividing the rhizome into shoots;
6. Onions are multi-tiered. Also called Egyptian. It is characterized by the formation of small air bulbs at the ends of the shoots, from which young feathers subsequently grow. In 25-40 days, the leaves grow up to 45 cm, and the yield reaches 4 kg / m². The Egyptian onion is grown from both underground and air bulbs;
7. Bulb onions. The most common species, which expels feathers up to 30 cm long in a month. Southern varieties with a short dormant period are used to grow green onions at home. The crop yield when using intensive technologies reaches 13–15 kg/m².

Growing methods

To grow onions, it is necessary to ensure the supply of nutrients and moisture to its roots. Suitable methods for this can be classified according to the method of planting plants and the type of soil:

1. In the soil. As soil, light types of soils saturated with organic matter are used - for example, garden soil or a mixture of peat and sand. At the same time, agricultural technology is the same for all varieties, differences are observed only in the method of reproduction. In open ground, seeds are planted in early spring for a summer harvest, or at the end of summer for overwintering plants under the snow. In the greenhouse, seeds are sown at any time, and last year's planting material - at the end of the dormant period, the duration of which is determined by the type of onion;
2. On sawdust. The main advantages of sawdust are its loose structure and the ability to retain water well. However given material does not contain nutrients in a form available to plants, so the beds should be regularly watered with a solution of NPK-complex fertilizers, adding wood ash and saltpeter as necessary. On the other hand, the sawdust does not stick to the feathers at all and does not pollute the bulbs, which somewhat simplifies the harvesting process. In addition, this material does not need to be changed after each cycle - it is enough to pour a fresh layer of 2-3 cm on top and pour it abundantly;
3. On hydroponics. Hydroponic technology for growing onions involves the use of special mats saturated with a nutrient solution. As a basis for them, coconut fiber is used, which has an optimal structure for the root system and good hygroscopicity. For the rapid development of the roots, the plants are kept in the dark for the first 10 days, and at the end of their germination, they switch to normal daylight hours;
4. On aeroponics. Aeroponic installations do not use any type of substrate at all, which eliminates contact with dirt and prevents the development of many types of diseases. The essence of the method is as follows: plants are placed in special containers so that the entire root system is in the air. Onions are fed by continuous irrigation of the roots with a solution of fertilizers in the form of an aerosol, which contributes to the maximum saturation of the shoots with oxygen and the achievement of the highest yield.

Cultivation technologies

For growing green onions at home, two main technologies are used - obtaining seedlings from seeds and forcing a feather from last year's small bulbs, also called sets:

1. Seed use. The seeds purchased or obtained independently are heated, soaked in water, treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, and then sown in continuous lines with an interval between rows of 7–10 cm. three months, and the feather is thin and short, since all the forces of the plant are concentrated on the formation of the bulb.
2. The use of sevka. The growing season does not exceed one month: even in open ground, four crops can be obtained per season. To grow green onions, varietal types of sets or a sample are bought - medium-sized bulbs with a diameter of up to 5 cm, which are planted in two ways:

• Sostovym - the bed is completely covered with bulbs touching each other, and the planting density is 15–22 kg / m²;
• Tape - the bulbs are planted in two lines with an interval of 3–4 cm and a line spacing of 10–20 cm.

Obviously, the bridge method allows you to get the maximum yield with square meter- up to 16 kilograms of green onions. The sequence of operations for planting material according to this method is as follows:

• For each bulb, the top is cut off along the shoulders, and then the planting material is kept in hot water;
• Bulbs are planted closely, without gaps, on beds or in trays, deepening them into the ground by about half;
• After planting, the plantation is watered abundantly.

It should be remembered that with such a planting density, the cost of purchasing planting material also increases proportionally, so the choice of one method or another requires preliminary calculations.

Preparation

A large bulb contains a sufficient amount of nutrients necessary for forcing beautiful green feathers. However, when planting a seedling of the plant's own resources to obtain good harvest is not enough, therefore, among other preparatory measures, it is necessary to allocate time for the preparation of a soil mixture enriched with organic matter.

Onions prefer light and breathable sandy loam or loam, but forming crusts. The pH value should be neutral, because high acidity has a negative effect on plant growth. The ideal option appears to be ordinary garden soil mixed with peat and sand. The main inorganic fertilizers should also be added to this mixture:

• Nitrogen - 10 g/m²;
• Phosphoric anhydride - 7–7.5 g / m²;
• Potassium oxide - 18–20 g / m².

Planting material is purchased in the fall: required amount sets or samples can be bought from farmers or wholesalers. Bulbs suitable for forcing are characterized by the presence of at least two or three shoot buds: to make sure the quality of the batch, you need to take a few at random from each bag and cut them across.

In addition, the bulbs are often treated with a priming inhibiting compound that prevents them from sprouting during storage. Of course, such planting material is unsuitable for further use. That is why it is recommended to buy a sample immediately after harvesting: in this case, the likelihood of no chemical treatment is much higher.

Cultivation and care

The productivity of a crop is determined not only by the composition of the soil: high yield bow is equally determined proper care and providing microclimatic conditions comfortable for the plant. According to the requirements of the technology for growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse, during the forcing process, attention should be paid to the following issues:

Temperature regime

The culture grows better in relatively cool air, therefore, when planting seeds, the temperature is set at 23–24 ° C until the first shoots appear, and then gradually reduced to 18 ° C. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse should be maintained at 13–15°C with a humidity of 75–85%.

Lighting

Given the reduction of daylight hours in the cold season, onions must be additionally illuminated so that the total duration of the light period is 13–15 hours per day. The recommended light level is 3000 lux: when there is a lack of light, the feathers grow pale yellow and tasteless. Lamps are placed strictly above the beds to avoid creases and lodging of young shoots.

Watering

Onions should be watered regularly, with exceptionally warm water, periodically dissolving in it medications and fertilizers. An example irrigation scheme is as follows:

• The first time the soil is moistened immediately after planting, using a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The recommended rate is 7–10 l / m². If the farmer is confident in the cleanliness and sterility of the soil, the absence of pests, fungal spores and mold in it, then from adding it to the water disinfectants you can refuse;
• A week later, during the second watering, Fitosporin is dissolved in water, designed to combat various diseases. The approximate rate of fluid consumption is 3–5 l / m²;
• In the future, the onions are watered every 4-5 days according to the norm of 5-6 l / m².

top dressing

When using fertile soils saturated with organic substances, onions should not be fed. On sawdust and depleted soils, 14 days after planting, it is necessary to perform a single top dressing with a 0.15% solution of nitrophoska or a 0.2% solution of ammonium nitrate. You can also water the beds with a 0.2% solution of superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Pest protection

Feathers that have grown to 15 cm should be treated with an aqueous solution of liquid soap and blue vitriol(one spoon per bucket of water) according to the norm of 0.5 l / m². Plants that show signs of fungus, bloom, or drying of the leaves should be destroyed to avoid infecting the entire plantation.

Harvesting

If the above requirements are met, onion feathers reach a commercial length of 30 cm in about three weeks. Starting harvesting, the leaves are slightly compressed into a bundle at a distance of 10–13 cm from the bulb, and then cut off at a height of 4–5 cm. Small shoots and arrows fall out.

The collected onion is placed in plastic bags and kept for two hours at a temperature of 12-15°C. Then the bags are sealed and laid out in boxes, placing the plants with roots in one direction. It is not recommended to fill the container to the top in order to avoid damage to the greenery during storage and transportation. In anticipation of the implementation of the onion is stored in cold store at 0°C for 20 days.

Of no small importance for successful implementation is the appearance of products. Therefore, you need to cut the feathers carefully so as not to damage them, not to stain them in the ground and not to wipe off the wax coating from the leaves that retains moisture inside. A high-quality product that attracts the attention of buyers and dealers has a length of 25–30 cm and a rich dark green color.

Sales organization

Aspiring entrepreneurs are usually confident that customers will sweep fresh onions off the shelves at any time of the year. However, in reality, the sales situation is not so optimistic: firstly, the high price of the product in the off-season scares off low-income customers, and secondly, few people buy more than two or three bunches at a time. Thus, it is almost impossible to quickly sell a ton of green feathers without significant effort, and therefore, in the business plan for growing onions, the following ways to sell goods should be considered separately:

• Wholesale. In almost every region there are companies that buy agricultural products in bulk. In addition, you can use the Internet: both buyers and sellers place their ads on virtual trading floors. This method is considered the simplest and least expensive;
• Sale to catering establishments. In this case, the entrepreneur will have to make some efforts and convince the owners of cafes, canteens and restaurants already working with some suppliers of the prospects for cooperation;
• Working with grocery stores For buyers of this kind, price, volumes, delivery times, availability of returns and deferred payment are important. In addition, products for sale are accepted in packaged form, and therefore the farmer will have to include the cost of purchasing packaging material in the business plan;
• Self sale. This method is associated with maximum spending: to sell green onions in kiosks and markets, it is necessary to hire sellers and equip retail outlets with refrigeration equipment.

It should also be noted that in order to grow onions all year round, a business will have to be registered: having the status of an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm simplifies the procedure for issuing certificates of conformity for products and allows you to provide customers with various accompanying documents having legal force.

Greenhouse equipment

As a business, growing onions requires careful preparation of the production base. First of all, it is necessary to carry out preliminary calculations in order to determine the necessary quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the equipment. Thus, the creation of a greenhouse complex with an area of ​​175 m² includes the purchase and installation of equipment according to the following specification:

1. Hothouse frame. The basis is a serial model with a width of 7.5 m and a length of 23.4 m, made of profile metal pipe and installed on a strip concrete foundation;
2. Coating. In cold climates, cellular polycarbonate 8–10 mm thick serves as a covering material. The polymer is characterized by high light transmission and low heat transfer coefficient, which minimizes energy consumption for creating optimal conditions growing green onions;
3. Shelving. To ensure quick heating of the soil in the beds and to facilitate access to plants, a multi-tiered shelving system should be installed in the greenhouse. At the same time, onions are planted in wooden or plastic trays placed on shelves;
4. Lighting. The level of illumination required for growing green onions in winter under conditions of short daylight hours is created by fixing sodium, halogen or LED lamp, and the latter option allows you to create the required luminous flux with minimal power consumption;
5. Irrigation. To automate the irrigation process in greenhouse complexes, they use drip systems, allowing not only to control the amount of moisture entering the beds, but also to feed the plants by dissolving fertilizers in water. In the absence of such, the beds can be watered with an ordinary watering can;
6. Ventilation. When growing onions for greens in environment carbon dioxide is released, which is removed by ceiling exhaust fans with a capacity of 1600 m³/h each. At the same time, fresh air enters through air intakes protected by filters from pests. Each air intake is additionally equipped with a water heat exchanger designed to heat the incoming air flow;
7. Heating. The basis of the heating system is a hot water boiler connected with polypropylene pipes to radiators located along the walls. The calculation shows that the heat loss from the surface of the greenhouse at an outdoor temperature of –30°C is at least 48–50 kW. Thus, taking into account the stock required power boiler is taken equal to 70 kW.

Greenhouse equipment

Position	price, rub.	Quantity, pcs.	Cost, rub.
Greenhouse
Greenhouse arched length 23.4 m	290000	1	290000
Concrete greenhouse foundation	80000	1	80000
Shelving
Bunk rack 1.2x0.6 m	2500	96	240000
Growing tray 40x60x7 cm	230	576	132480
Heating
Hot water boiler 80 kW	90000	1	90000
Propylene pipe 25 mm	75	200 m	15000
Radiator	6100	16	97600
Lighting
Phytolamp LED 25 W	1350	192	259200
Electric cable	50	300 m	15000
Automatic switch	200	6	1200
Ventilation
Exhaust fan	3500	2	7000
Air filter	600	4	2400
air intake	1100	2	2200
Water heat exchanger	4000	2	8000
Watering
Irrigation tank 2 m³	25000	1	25000
Water pump	3500	1	3500
drip irrigation system	1400	12	16800
Optional equipment
cooling chamber	45000	1	45000
garden tools	–	–	6000
Thermohygrometer	1200	2	2400
Plastic containers	25	100	2500
Total:			1341280

Investments

Growing onions in a greenhouse is a business that requires serious investments on an industrial scale. An entrepreneur who already owns a land plot of the required size must first of all purchase equipment and register his activity with the relevant authorities: the total costs for these items are 1,342,080 rubles.

The next group of expenses is associated with the purchase of raw materials necessary for growing green onions - planting material, soil, fertilizers. It should be noted that with a production cycle of 45 days, plants can be planted and harvested eight times a year (twice per season):

• Planting material. With the bridge planting method, up to 150 bulbs with a diameter of 4 cm and a weight of 40 g each are placed in a tray of 40x60 cm. Thus, in terms of 576 trays, the weight of the planting material is 3460 kg. The cost of sowing at wholesale bases is 18 rubles per kilogram;
• Priming. To fill the specified number of trays in each cycle, it is necessary to prepare or buy 9.7 m³ of substrate at a price of 800 rubles per cubic meter;
• Firewood. Dry chopped firewood is purchased once a year: to heat the greenhouse during the cold period, it is enough to prepare 90–100 m³ of logs. The cost of birch firewood is 1300 rubles/m³, pine firewood is 900 rubles/m³;
• Lighting. With a total lamp power of 4.8 kW, electricity consumption is 28.8 kW per day in winter, and 14.4 kW per day in autumn and spring, due to a change in the length of daylight hours. In summer, when growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse, artificial lighting is not required.

Current expenses

Article	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Amount, rub.
Sevok, 6920 kg	124416	124416	124416	124416	497664
Greenhouse soil, 19.4 m³	15480	15480	15480	15480	61920
Fertilizers, 10 kg	8000	8000	8000	8000	32000
Firewood, 100 m³	130000	–	–	–	130000
Lighting	3370	1685	–	1685	6740
Certification	3000	3000	3000	3000	12000
Connection	1000	1000	1000	1000	4000
Fare	2000	2000	2000	2000	8000
Total:					752324

Income and profitability

Experienced gardeners claim that the total mass of green leaves at the first cut reaches 50-70% of the initial weight of the bulb. The onion growing tray per feather holds 6 kg of planting material: the expected crop weight is 3.6 kg (7.2 kg per season). Given the price fluctuations depending on the time of year, it is possible to calculate the profitability of this type of agricultural activity:

Income from the sale of onions

Obviously, as a business, the cultivation of onions on a feather is characterized high level profitability: the total profit of the farmer exceeds 2.07 million rubles a year. Other economic indicators of the enterprise are as follows:

Related videos

Economic indicators

Conclusion

Farmers without proper training should not start with a large-scale enterprise and invest millions in the construction of an industrial greenhouse complex. For those who do not have experience in agricultural activities, it is better to test your strength in a small greenhouse or plant bulbs in open ground. In two or three seasons, it is quite possible to master the intricacies of green cultivation technology, develop a client base, collect necessary information and define what constitutes growing onions as a business: video materials on this topic can be found in large quantities on the Internet.

Growing onions as a business is a fairly profitable business, as the need for this product is growing every day. You can grow any variety, it will be in demand in the market. Sales are especially profitable during the cold season, when the holiday season.

• Pros and cons of growing onions for sale
• What documents are needed to open a business?
• How to start an onion growing business?
• How much money do you need to start a onion growing business?
• How much can you earn growing onions?
• The use of what equipment will help increase the yield of onions?
• OKVED code and licensing of this business
• Popular technologies for growing onions

Caring for this culture does not require special education. The main thing is to study the necessary information in advance, take advantage of some recommendations from experts. You can start a business with a small volume, you can limit yourself to your country greenhouse. In order to receive a stable income, over time, you should expand production volumes, hire employees.

Pros and cons of growing onions for sale

Growing green onions as a business has its pros and cons. The benefits include the following:

• small cash investments;
• expenses pay off fairly quickly;
• experts note a rather high percentage of profitability;
• products are always in demand on the market, as more and more people prefer to switch to a healthy diet;
• always high purchase price of products.

Despite the numerous advantages, growing greens has disadvantages, which include the following:

1. Not all conditions are suitable for favorable cultivation. If it is planned in the northern region, then you need to be prepared for additional costs associated with heating and lighting.
2. For excellent growth, fertilizers are required, and this is an additional cost.
3. For regular care, it is better to hire a labor force, and this is also an expense.

In some cases it is better to buy land plot in a warmer zone, go on business trips, but do not maintain a greenhouse in the northern region. When planning a business, it is important to assess the demand for products in the region.

What documents are needed to open a business?

A business can be of various sizes. It is conditionally possible to divide this entrepreneurial activity into the following types:

• Small greenhouse business. The scale of onion production for greens is reduced to the maintenance of 1-2 greenhouses. If activities are planned in such small volumes, then registration is not needed. To conduct such a business, it is necessary to prepare a certificate confirming the availability of a plot on which greenery is grown, and to resolve the issues of connecting communications - it is important to work out all the options here, to provide for the possibility of preferential tariffs. Small business will bring a small but stable income.
• Medium greenhouse business. It is larger and implies the presence a large number greenhouses, but a lot of labor resources will not be required. When operating on such a scale, it is necessary to register a business with the relevant authorities, to obtain special permits to conduct activities. You will have to monitor the maintenance of the accounting database, draw up and send relevant documents to regulatory authorities.
• Large greenhouse business. Enterprises of this type have a large number of greenhouses and workforce. Mandatory registration of such activities as an LLC or CJSC is required, while a package of documents must be registered with all higher authorities. Such an enterprise must regularly transfer taxes and contributions to regulatory authorities. Income from the sale of onions for greens directly depends on production volumes. In order to receive a stable and high income, it is necessary to expand the scale of production, look for additional wholesale buyers.

How to start an onion growing business?

Onion growing business can have different scales. You can run it in the following ways:

• Growing green onions in the apartment. Such a business does not require large expenses, but it is better to have free space so that you can grow greens in the cold season. For these purposes, it is best to use boxes, bottles, boxes and other accessories that are convenient for plant growth.
• Growing onions on a feather suburban area - This great option to maintain entrepreneurial activity in summer. There is much more space on the site than in the apartment, but the business is relevant only in the summer. If you plan to grow onions year-round, then in the off-season, planting should be moved to a warm room. To grow greens in this way, you will need boxes, they can be arranged in several rows. Don't forget that in summer green feather cheaper than in winter, so you have to increase production volumes.
• Onion growing business in a greenhouse. This type of activity is considered the most successful. It is more profitable to keep greenhouses in the southern regions. If production is planned in the north, then do not forget that you will have to bear additional costs for electricity and heating. When maintaining a greenhouse, the entrepreneur will not depend on the season and the weather, the products grow all year round.

How much money do you need to start a onion growing business?

Growing green onions as a business is an activity that requires certain investments. The amount of expenses depends on the region in which this entrepreneurial activity is conducted. As the personal experience of a large number of entrepreneurs shows, cultivation in the southern and middle lane much better than in the north.

First of all, investments are needed in the land itself. Before buying, it is important to decide on what scale the activity is planned.

If a person wants to put production on stream, then it is important to acquire a fairly large plot of land on which it will be convenient to place everything necessary for the activity.

After acquiring a plot, it is best to formalize your business. In this case, all activities will be legal, you will not have to be afraid of inspections or any other problems.

For growing greens, you need to purchase equipment. For this purpose, it is best to buy greenhouses. They allow culture to grow in favorable conditions. Funds will be required to purchase specialized care equipment. No need to save on the cost of the material from which the greenhouse is made. The better and stronger it will be, the better conditions for growth.

After purchasing all the equipment, you need to think about buying planting material. In this case, the savings will not work, so it is wiser to contact trusted suppliers who are popular in the market. When an entrepreneur is sure that his products are of high quality, the number of buyers will constantly increase. In the future, seedlings for planting can be grown independently.

How much can you earn growing onions?

Growing onions for greens is a highly profitable business activity. With the right approach, you can have up to 1 million rubles. income per month from several acres of land. In addition to onions, you can grow dill, parsley, basil. Such plants are loved by many citizens, greens are added during cooking to give a piquant taste to dishes.

If significant expenses have been spent on business activities cash, then you should not be afraid that they will pay off for a long time. The first net profit can be obtained approximately 6 months after the opening of the business. Such products are always in demand, so the payback will be fast.

The onion business will be initially successful if approached wisely. It is important to think through everything to the smallest detail: how the plants will be grown, what care is required. Only in this case it is possible to achieve success in this type of entrepreneurial activity.

The use of what equipment will help increase the yield of onions?

In order to grow onions all year round, getting a good harvest, regardless of weather conditions, daylight hours and other factors, experts recommend using greenhouses. These structures can be built independently or bought collapsible structures. The first option is much cheaper, but if you have never held a hammer and a hacksaw in your hands, then it is better to purchase a ready-made greenhouse.

Inside the building, it is necessary to create ideal conditions for growing onions:

1. Greenhouse heating. If technical capabilities allow, you can connect to the heating system of your home. Another option is "potbelly stove", electric heaters or gas convectors.
2. Irrigation system. Be sure to install a water tank, which should always be full.
3. Lighting. In the cold season, when the daylight hours are very short, in order to ensure the normal growth and development of plants, it is necessary to take care of the lighting.
4. Ventilation. Be sure to think about the possibility of ventilation in your greenhouse.

Growing onions outdoors is much easier. In this case, it is necessary to make a system for watering plants and take care of their protection from sudden changes in air temperature.

OKVED code and licensing of this business

Commercial activities related to the cultivation of onions, according to the all-Russian classifier, fall under the category with the OKVED code 01.12.1.

Important point! If you are engaged in paperwork for an onion growing company, consider the fact that for this line of business no special permits or licenses required.

Popular technologies for growing onions

Residents of rural areas prefer to grow onions from sets. This method allows you to get very quickly finished products. But for this it is necessary to carefully sort out and process the planting material. by special means. The main condition for obtaining a good harvest using this technology is the presence of open area, which is well lit and blown by the winds.

In addition to the above technology, you can grow onions from seeds (the process takes a long time and there are often losses) or get greens from large bulbs. The choice of the optimal method for growing these useful plants depends on your desire and the availability of the necessary resources.

Onion greens, rich in vitamins and minerals, can be grown indoors different ways, for example, water.

Knowing how to grow onions at home in water will provide you with a spicy green feather all year round to use in salads and other dishes. We will find out how the water technology for obtaining home greens differs, so that by growing it, strengthen the immune system at any time of the year and not know colds.

To grow a good crop of onion greens, it is important to follow a few rules:

• Distillation utensils should be treated with a manganese solution so that the onion does not hurt or rot.
• Onions can be immersed in water so that the water touches only the bottom with roots.

If the onion is completely immersed in water, it will soon begin to rot.

• Before the roots grow, we remove the container in a cool place, changing the water daily, in the mornings and evenings. As soon as the feather begins to grow, we change the water once a day.

When fertilizing, when fertilizers dissolve in water, we change it every 7 days, otherwise the plants do not have time to absorb nutrients.

• We occasionally wash the roots in running water and take out the onion from the jars for three hours so that the roots do not rot.

For continuous receipt green feather, add new containers with an onion a couple of weeks after the "landing" of the previous batch.

If you don't feel like messing around with containers and soil and prefer a cleaner way to grow onion greens, here's how to plant onions at home in water.

bulb preparation

For forcing greens in water conditions, we use bulbs that are not affected by disease and mechanical damage, about 4 cm in diameter (the size should be approximately the same).

We prepare the onions for planting in this way:

• We cut the planting material to the base.
• Withstand 20 min. in hot water (50 degrees) with the addition of potassium permanganate.
• We hold 10 min. V cold water- for hardening, and peel off the husk.

Having prepared the onion, we will learn how to grow it in water at room conditions.

Planting bulbs on a feather in water

The forcing of the onion by the water method is usually carried out in glass jars, deep bowls or other wide-mouthed containers. Alternatively, plastic food containers can be used.

To prevent the onion from rotting, do the following:

• We take a thick cardboard according to the size of the container.
• We cut holes slightly smaller than the diameter of the planting material.
• Pour water into a bowl.
• We cover the container with cardboard and insert the onions into the holes so that only the root part touches the water.

If you want to know how to plant onions at home in water in a regular plate, pour some settled or filtered water into it (room temperature), and put a few onions there so that they are only a quarter immersed in the liquid.

By planting onions in water, we will get the first crop of green feathers after a couple of weeks. The height of the pen by that time will reach about 15 cm.

How to speed up onion forcing in water

To know how to quickly grow green onions in water at home, and get as much greenery as possible, we apply fertilizing with mineral fertilizers.

Ways to fertilize green onions:

• We feed the plants with a solution of a liter of water and 2 teaspoons of complex fertilizers.
• We fertilize the “plantings” with a nutrient solution by dissolving potassium chloride (1.5 g), ammonium nitrate (1.5 g) and superphosphate (2 g) in a liter of water.
• We feed the onion by dissolving wood ash in a liter of water - 5 g.

We add nutrient solutions to the water when the roots and green feathers appear, but not before.

So, you have learned how to grow onions at home in water on your own, without any hassle and expense. Try this way to get vitamin greens, and grow fragrant spicy - spicy greens all year round at home!

Green onions are a product that is extremely in demand in cooking. Delicate feathers with a pleasant bitterness are used to prepare all kinds of salads and as a spicy seasoning for soups, side dishes, meat and fish dishes. Unfortunately, the timing of the presence of quality green onions in the diet are limited to the season of its cultivation on country beds, and by the end of summer, only shapeless bunches of greens from the supermarket shelves remain at the disposal of the hostesses. Therefore, admirers of a spicy product are left with two options - to wait for a new harvest or to equip onion patch on the home windowsill and get a fresh vitamin pen to the table, regardless of the season.

Selection and preparation of planting material

Healthy, undamaged heads of turnip with a diameter of at least 2 cm are selected as seed material for forcing. ”, “Union”. Such material gives a large high-quality pen for quite a long time.

If not too much of your onion turnip was born and you don’t want to spend it on forcing, an onion set of a large fraction - samples can serve as an alternative to it. The feather from it grows tender with a mild taste, and when planting sets, it takes much less space. However, there is a drawback - such bulbs are quickly depleted and you will have to update the home garden more often.

Suitable for planting and bulbs onion purchased in the vegetable department "for food". However, shop onions are often treated with preparations that slow down germination before sale, so it is recommended that purchased bulbs be soaked for 20–30 minutes in hot (but not boiling) water before forcing.

Also suitable for growing on the windowsill are chives, batun onions, slime onions and multi-tiered onions.

The heads selected for planting are freed from dry scales and the tops are cut off, leaving a stump about 1 cm high. Bulbs without signs of germination are placed for several hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and then left overnight in a cool place. During this time, the place of the cut will have time to dry out, and small tubercles will appear on the bottom - the beginnings of the future root system.

Growing green onions in the ground

• The nutrient substrate is poured into a container, leveled, and then poured abundantly with warm water.
• Bulbs without strong penetration are planted in the ground close to each other.
• The container is placed on a warm, bright windowsill.

For the rapid growth of the feather, plantings must be provided with regular watering (even a short-term drying of the soil should not be allowed) and optimal temperature conditions (from + 22 ° to + 26 °). Do not use fertilizer! Subject to necessary conditions homemade onions do fine without additional nutrition, and fertilizing can provoke the accumulation of nitrates in the leaf mass. To speed up the growth of the feather, you can use an ash solution for watering (1 tsp / 5 liters of water).

distillation in water

Compared to other methods, growing feather onions in water is considered the most economical. For him, you do not need to purchase a nutrient substrate or worry about special dishes. Planting containers can be glass jars or plastic cups from under food products. In this case, the nutrient medium for germination is the usual tap water, which is recommended to be preliminarily defended before planting in order to reduce the concentration of chlorine. The landing procedure itself will take a few minutes:

• Pour a little settled water into the planting cup. If desired, a little mineral fertilizer can be added to the water.
• The bulb is placed in such a way that only the bottom is in the water. This is easy to do by choosing the right size dishes in which the bulb will get stuck and “hang” above the water without falling to the bottom.
• Until the roots grow back, the plantings are kept in a dark, cool place, after which they are put on the windowsill. For ease of movement, individual containers are recommended to be placed in a common pallet.

In the first 2-3 days, the water in the cups should be changed daily, later on - once every 7-10 days, regularly topped up as it evaporates to the previous level. It is also necessary to systematically check the condition of the bulbs themselves and remove rotten or diseased specimens in a timely manner. The simplicity of the method makes it possible to attract exciting process younger members of the family to get the first skills in crop production.

Among the disadvantages of this method, one can note a less intense color and excessive fragility of the growing feather. In addition, the bulbs on the water quite often rot, exuding a characteristic, not the most pleasant "aroma".

hydroponic onion garden

For admirers modern technologies surely you will like it hydroponic setup for growing greens, equipped with an aerator and special phytolamps. The principle of growing onions for greens in such a device is quite simple:

• The bulbs are planted in special perforated cups filled with expanded clay.
• The glasses are inserted into the holes intended for them in the lid, which covers the common container with water. The lower part of the glasses is immersed in water.
• When the unit is turned on, the compressor pumps air into the water, enriching it with oxygen.
• Due to the active consumption of oxygen supplied to the roots through technological holes in the bottom of the glasses, the onion grows much faster, and the feather is healthy and of high quality.

If desired, such a device is easy to make on your own - equip a suitable container with an aquarium compressor, cut holes for glasses on the lid, and perforate the glasses themselves along the bottom with a hot nail or a clerical knife. The location of the hydroponic beds is recommended to be equipped with lamps for additional illumination of plantings. More expensive industrial plants are additionally equipped with water drain / top up systems, which allows you to fully automate the process.

Many vegetable and ornamental crops (except root crops) can be grown in hydroponics, but the highest productivity was observed in onions.

Harvesting

A crop from a soil bed is usually ready for harvest in 16-20 days, from a "water" one - 3-4 earlier. Feathers are plucked one at a time as they grow, or the entire bunch is cut off at once, but it is not worth delaying the cleaning too much - the tops of leaves that are too long (more than 25–30 cm) begin to dry out. To ensure the uninterrupted supply of fresh onion feathers to the table, it is recommended to equip several home beds and plant at intervals of 10–15 days. After the complete depletion of the bulbs, as evidenced by their complete softening and low yields, the old plantings are disposed of, making room for new ones.