Types of gable roofs with different slopes. Stages of construction of a gable roof with a do-it-yourself angle. Installing a gable roof ridge

A gable roof is the most standard option. It is with her that even small children draw a house, and it is she who first comes to mind. And this makes sense: this roof is simple in its design, at the same time adapted to a variety of climatic conditions and has sufficient stability, which mankind has experienced for more than one century. But in practice ideal gable roofs they are not so common - more often just with unequal angles of inclination, different lengths of cornice overhangs and unusual design.

There are usually two reasons for such an “anomaly”: either the owners of the housing tried to express a certain architectural feature of the house, or certain operational requirements led to this. Or different types and gable roof options actually carry a lot of bonuses in the form of additional comfort, style and functionality! Let's figure it out?

In fact, a gable roof is two slopes that are fastened at a certain angle. But under which ones, whether they are the same, and whether the slopes themselves are solid, and depends on what kind of roof you are going to build:

• Traditional symmetrical.
• Asymmetrical, with different slope angles.
• Broken, with refraction of slopes in the middle.
• A gable roof with a ridge not in the center of the building.

And their interesting combinations.

Time-tested classic: from 30° to 60°

Of course, the most popular today and yesterday is the symmetrical gable roof. The easiest to build and miscalculate, with an ergonomic classic designs based on an isosceles triangle. An acute angle well removes any atmospheric precipitation, snow does not accumulate, and any roofing material can be used.

The classic symmetrical gable roof is also called a gable roof. In fact, these are two inclined planes-slopes of a rectangular shape, which are installed under right angle to the walls of the building. And it depends on the angle functional features such a roof.

A gable roof, depending on the angles of the slopes, can be of the following types:

• Classic with 45° angle. The most common option for houses up to 8 m wide.
• Sloping, with an angle of less than 45°. Occurs more frequently on small houses in particularly windy regions.
• Pointed with an angle of inclination of 60 °. This is the most expensive construction option, but justified when neighbors' roofs break from tons of snow.
• Polyline with slopes of different angles: 30° and 60°.

The angle of inclination of such a roof is calculated based on the climatic features of the area. For example, steep pitched roofs are usually built in regions with particularly snowy winters, and flat pitched roofs in windy regions. Where it rains more often than the sun, and there is a lot of snow in winter, this angle should be at least 60 °.

It is clear that the steeper the slopes, the easier it is to throw snow off them and prevent rainwater from lingering on the surface for too long. But such a roof can be torn off by the wind, which is fraught with considerable losses and problems. Therefore, if your area is more windy than snowy (and the wind usually blows snow off the roofs), then the slopes should be made gentle. That's the whole difference between these subspecies of the classical gable roof: gentle and steep.

Slopes of different lengths: for additional outbuildings

Yes, this roof looks unusual. But this design has a huge advantage in that for the same gazebo, garage or pool, it is no longer necessary to build a separate roof or canopy. This is a considerable savings, you see, and also an attractive and memorable design.

The essence of this type of roof is that it has one slope noticeably longer than the other.

Moreover, in terms of construction, there is nothing complicated here:

Sloping roof: everything for the comfort of the attic

Again this type (even a subspecies) of a gable roof lies a rectangle, above it is a triangle and two more triangles on the sides. The ceiling in the attic is high, the windows can be placed vertically, and in general the space looks cozy and as close as possible to an ordinary living room. Yes, the geometry is still a little unusual, but that's more of a plus. But now, on one side of the attic, you can safely attach a balcony.

A broken gable roof is built when they are going to equip it under it in the future residential attic. After all, to make the room cozy and warm, the usual gable roof is not enough because of such disadvantages:

• On slopes it is quite difficult to make high-quality skylights. These are difficult to open, they leak during the rain and visually lose a lot to vertical ones.
• On such slopes, almost no outbuildings in the form of a balcony and others can be made. additional elements.
• Inclined walls in the interior, no matter how designers beat them, do not look very comfortable. And some people are also psychologically pressured.
• Sharp corners indoors are not really a bonus, but a problem, and they are quite difficult to beat comfortably.
• It is more difficult to insulate such a roof than a broken one.

That's why the breaks on each slope are so important: the angle changes, and the interior space of the attic turns out to be more comfortable and spacious.

As you can see for yourself, it couldn't be easier:

Or these broken ones:

Asymmetric roof: design and practicality

At the base of the asymmetric roof, the refraction of which is not in the center, there is already an arbitrary triangle at the base. It just has different angles, and therefore different sides. As a result, one roof slope is already larger in area than the other, and the load on it will also be different. Therefore, an asymmetric roof is more difficult to calculate: the loads on both slopes are not the same, and there will be few identical elements in the rafter system. Somewhere something will have to be made thicker, something strengthened, and something to save on.

The unusual “broken” interior space of such an attic turns out to be quite cozy, and, as it were, the cut walls are hidden behind built-in wardrobes. Yes, and psychological for any person to live in such an attic is much more comfortable: sharp pitched walls do not crush.

The big advantage of this version of the gable roof is that now the windows in the attic will not be inclined, but vertical, and it is already more difficult for water to get into the interior. Moreover, in such premises it is even possible to attach a full-fledged balcony!

So why such a hassle? Why such complex calculations, if the classics never go out of fashion? Such roofs, with asymmetrical elements and shapes, are usually not only a whim of architects and designers, but also a great opportunity to make the living space under the roof more comfortable and spacious.

The asymmetric roof itself really looks stylish, and can make any dull gray house interesting. Moreover, with the help of modern computer programs, you can easily draw up a detailed project of a gable roof of various variations:

“Pretentiousness” of gable roof truss systems

And here we have selected for you the most popular unusual types of gable roofs:

Building such unusual gable roofs is not difficult: they contain all the same principles, just the rafters are connected in a different way. The only thing that needs to be done is to carefully calculate in advance the future loads of the roof and how much such rafters are ready to withstand them. And all the time and effort spent on building an unusual roof will definitely pay off more than interesting design, spacious and comfortable attic and other functional bonuses.

With and without an attic: we change trash for valuable meters

In fact, what is stored in the attics of ordinary private houses? Of course, rubbish! And all over the world it has long become fashionable to abandon such a part of the roof in favor of cozy attic or a real second floor, only with slightly sloping walls. And the attic itself, in its more correct concept as a space for under-roof ventilation, remains, however, under the very covering.

But all this applies only to residential buildings. But for a real Russian bathhouse, it is extremely important to create an air gap between the ceiling hot from steam and the top roofing. Otherwise, the snow in winter on such a roof will constantly be heated, and then freeze and hang down with icicles. And therefore there should be an attic in such buildings!

Why is it important to decide ahead of time? The point is the supports and stability of the truss system:

• Single-level mansard roofs are the simplest in terms of device. They are usually not considered part of the design of the house due to their lightness and simplicity. But at the same time, no one will stop you from doing two at once. attic rooms and even raised one of them to the podium.
• Two-level mansard roofs are already built as part of the house, the same as the second floor. The weight and load on the foundation is accurately calculated.

Of the advantages of a two-level roof - vertical walls, twice as much living space, unusual stylish architecture. And with all this, it is still not a full-fledged second floor, and therefore the costs are not at all the same.

Have you chosen your favorite option? Then start building, and our site will definitely help you with this!

Mauerlat is fixed approximately like this:

This is how the rafters are attached with pre-drilling:

This is how the crate is attached:

One of the simplest roof structures is a gable roof: even a non-specialist can build it with his own hands. How to calculate the structure and build a roof frame? At one time, I had to master the technique of building such roofs. I will share my experience with you.

Gable roof construction

Types of truss systems

The gable roof is one of the oldest. It is represented by two flat slopes, which are closed in the upper part along one line. The lower edges of the slopes rest on the walls of the house, which are usually on the same level.

The end parts of the roof of gable structures are two vertical triangles-pediments. The pediment can be made of the same material as the walls, or made separately. In the second case, it is made thinner, or materials with less mass are used - this way the load on the base can be reduced.

Roof slopes can be located at different angles. If the angle is large enough, then under the roof you can equip attic room. With a slight slope, the under-roof space turns out to be low, and it is used at best as an attic.

A gable roof with different slopes is also possible. As a rule, it is built when it is necessary to connect two walls of different heights or when installing two slopes with a different angle of inclination.

The basis of a gable roof is a rafter system, which can be of two types:

1. Rafters are made when the house has a central load-bearing wall. At its end, racks are installed on which the running beam is attached. It is this run that serves as a support for the upper ends of the rafter legs, which form the slopes. Sometimes, instead of racks, a full-fledged supporting wall is erected - but this option is only suitable for houses on a massive foundation.

If the central load-bearing wall is not in the middle of the building, then you will have to make a roof with an offset ridge and slopes different size at different angles.

1. hanging rafters mounted in the absence of a central supporting structure. The rafter legs are connected to each other without an upper run, relying on each other (and on the ridge beam). To increase rigidity, intermediate elements are added to the structure - puffs and linings that prevent the rafter legs from moving apart.

The choice of truss system is determined precisely by the design of the building itself.:

• there is a middle wall- we make a layered structure;
• no wall- We mount hanging rafters.

Calculation of rafters for a gable structure

The most important stage of work is the calculation of the main parameters of the frame of the future roof. There are three ways to go here:

1. take advantage turnkey solution , making the truss system an exact copy of the frame of an already built roof. Ideal for typical homes, but find suitable option copying is not always possible.
2. Use an online calculator for calculation roof structure. Option suitable for preliminary calculation and evaluation of various options. The calculators that I have worked with are quite accurate, but there is a risk of not taking into account something.

1. Do your own calculations. To do this, use the formulas based on SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts" and other regulatory documents. This option is the most difficult, but also the most reliable.

Full self-calculation of loads is very time-consuming. I will describe the main steps.

First, we need to determine the load on the roof:

1. Weight load calculation- the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes is multiplied by specific gravity roofing. This value consists of the mass of the crate, waterproofing, insulation and roofing material, and averages from 40 to 50 kg / m 2.

1. Snow load calculation- We multiply the normative snow load for your region by a coefficient depending on the angle of the slope. If the slopes are located at an angle of 60 °, then this coefficient is taken equal to zero, if 30 ° - to one. Intermediate values ​​are calculated by the formula µ \u003d 0.033 (60 - α), where α is the slope angle.

The normative value of the snow load is expressed in kg / m 3 and depends on the region. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the minimum value is 80 kg / m 3, the maximum - 560 kg / m 3.

1. Wind Load Calculation- the normative wind pressure in the region is multiplied by the correction factor for the height of the building and the aerodynamic coefficient (for strength, it is desirable to take the minimum value - 0.8). The wind pressure standard is from 17 to 85 kg / m 2, and the height coefficient is determined from the table below.

Height, m	open area	Area with obstacles up to 10 m	Section with obstacles up to 20 m (urban development
Up to 5	0,75	0,5	0,4
5-10	1	0,65	0,4
10-20	1,25	0,85	0,53

The obtained values ​​are summarized, obtaining the final value of the load on the roof.

To determine the parameters of the rafters used, we use two formulas. First, we calculate the distributed load.

Qr=A Q, Where:

• QR
• A- step of rafters, m;
• Q- total load per square meter of roof, kg/m².

Then we determine the height of the section of the rafter beam. To do this, we select the optimal (as it seems to us) section width and substitute this value into the formula.

H =K Lmax sqrt(Qr/(B Rbend)), Where:

• H- height of the rafter section, cm;
• TO- slope factor. If the slope angle is less than 30 °, we take equal to 8.6, if more - 9.5;
• Lmax- the maximum length of the working section of the rafter, m;
• QR- load on the rafter leg, kg/m.;
• B- section width rafter leg, cm;
• Rizg- resistance of wood to bending, kg / cm² (for pine of the first grade we take equal to 140, second grade - 130);
• sqrt- Square root.

Calculation example:

We determine the parameters of the rafters for a roof with slopes of 36 degrees, with a rafter pitch of 0.28 and a length of the working part of 2.8 m, the frame is made of pine board first grade 5 cm wide, the total load on the roof (weight + snow + wind) is 300 kg / m 2.

1. QR\u003d 0.8 300 \u003d 240 kg / m.
2. H\u003d 9.5 2.8 sqrt (240/5 140) \u003d 15.4 cm.

Since, according to our calculations, we got a board more than 150 mm, it is advisable to take thicker products. I would take parts with a section of 50x175 mm with guaranteed strength.

Yes, the calculation is quite complicated (and I gave this abbreviated version!). But on the other hand, using it, you can check the dimensions of the supporting structures offered to you and make sure (or not) of their reliability.

Equipment for work

Materials used

Based on the calculation, it is possible to purchase parts for the frame, battens, insulation, waterproofing and roofing material. The indicative list of materials includes the following items:

Illustration	Material
	Details for the truss system. Roof rafters are made of timber or boards with a thickness of 40 mm, a height of 100–250 mm and a length of up to 6 m. Also here you can include bars or logs for support posts (when installing a layered system), Mauerlat and ridge beam. The ideal material for the manufacture of all these elements is well-dried pine wood first or second grade.
	Framing details. Sheathing and counter-sheathing is a fairly light frame that is mounted on top of the truss system for mounting roofing material. It is made either from slats with a section of 30x30 or 20x40 mm, or from a board from 25 mm, or from plywood at least 15 mm. The choice of type of lathing is determined by the roofing material.
	Roof insulation. Mounted on the underside of the slopes. Most often, for roof insulation, slabs with a thickness of 75–150 mm are used based on mineral wool.
	Waterproofing. It is best to purchase special roofing membranes (Ruvitex, Tyvek and similar) that combine water resistance with vapor permeability. Due to this, condensate will not collect in the under-roof space, and the insulation will not suffer from moisture.
	Roofing material. Here the choice is huge. Gable roofs can be covered: metal tile; professional flooring; · flexible tiles; · ceramic tiles; slate (standard and polymer), etc.
	Additional elements of the roof. This includes parts that are used for installation in areas experiencing increased operational loads. Most often, a set of additional elements includes: skating bars; cornice strips; end strips; slats adjoining vertical surfaces; spotlights, etc.
	Drainage system. It can be made of galvanized steel, polymer-coated metal or plastic. It is represented by a fastening system, gutters along the perimeter of the roof, receiving funnels and downpipes.

In addition to the listed basic elements, we will need:

1. Rolled waterproofing materials (roofing material) for laying at the point of contact of the truss system with the walls of the building.
2. Fasteners (nails, self-tapping screws, anchors, studs with fixing nuts, etc.).
3. Metal plates and brackets to reinforce the attachment points of wooden elements.
4. Adhesive tapes for joining rolled materials.
5. Impregnation for wood - antiseptic and reducing flammability.

Set of tools

For the construction of a truss system, installation of lathing and laying roofing you will need the following tools:

1. A saw on a tree (preferably several, and different ones - a miter saw for the main trimming, a circular saw for smaller jobs, a reciprocating or hacksaw for fitting).
2. Carpenter's axes (yes, cutting grooves is still more convenient to do with a good ax).
3. Perforator with drills according to the material from which the load-bearing walls are composed.
4. Drill with a set of drills.

1. Screwdrivers (one per master).
2. Levels (laser for setting up the frame, several water levels for leveling additional elements).
3. Roulettes.
4. Plumb lines.
5. Hand tools - hammers, pliers, chisels, etc.
6. Brushes for applying waterproof impregnations, coating waterproofing etc.

Since you will have to work at a height, you can not do without several ladders, scaffolds and scaffolding for building material.

You also need to take care of personal protective equipment, including overalls, helmets and safety systems.

Roof installation

Stage 1. Installing the Mauerlat

We begin to mount the gable roof frame with the installation of a support beam - Mauerlat. For its manufacture, we take a bar 100x100 or 150x150 mm from dry pine wood.

We mount the Mauerlat according to the following scheme:

Illustration	Sequencing
	Preparing the end of the wall. At wooden house the upper crown acts as a Mauerlat. At a brick or concrete building, it is advisable to pour a reinforced belt under the Mauerlat. We reinforce walls made of foam or aerated concrete with metal mortgages, after which we level the surface with a solution.
	Waterproofing. At the junction of concrete / brick and Mauerlat we lay a waterproofing roll material- roofing material or its analogues. This will protect the wood from destruction under the influence of capillary moisture.
	Mauerlat laying. We lay the support beam on the end of the wall and carefully align it so that it lies without protrusions and distortions.
	Drilling for fasteners. We drill holes in the Mauerlat and the supporting wall for the installation of anchors. Drilling is carried out in two steps: first, we go through the drill wooden beam, and then we make a nest in the wall fence with a puncher with a drill. When working with structures made of porous concrete, we use special drills, since impact drilling may lead to cracking.
	Fastener installation. We insert anchors with a thickness of 10 m or more into the holes and deepen them with hammer blows.
	Final fix. We screw the fixing nuts of the anchors. In this case, the anchor sleeve expands, securely fixing it on the base.

This is not the only way to fix the Mauerlat on the wall railing. Sometimes steel studs with a thickness of 12 mm or more are embedded in brick or block masonry, and a bar with drilled holes put on them and fixed with nuts with wide washers. This method is more reliable, but also more time-consuming - you need to lay the studs in advance, even at the stage of building the supporting structure.

Stage 2. Installation of racks, run and rafters

Installation instructions for the roof frame - rafters and additional elements - depend on the design of the rafter itself. Here I will give a description of the installation of a layered roof type:

Illustration	Sequencing
	Bed laying. We lay a beam on the central load-bearing wall, which will serve as a support for the racks and the run. We fix the beam on the base in the same way as the Mauerlat - with mandatory reinforcement, waterproofing and fixing with anchors.
	Run installation. We connect the upper parts of the gables with a long longitudinal beam - a run. If the pediments are a continuation of the main walls, then we rely on the run vertical racks installed close to the gable parts.
	Rack installation. With a step equal to the selected step of the rafters, we install vertical racks connecting the run and the bed. We set the racks according to the level, and at the top and bottom we must fix them with steel corners and fix them with self-tapping screws.
	Preparation of rafter legs. We cut the boards intended for the manufacture of rafters to size, if necessary, level them with a planer. We breed concentrated impregnation for wood (antiseptic + flame retardant) and process future rafters from all sides. Dry the impregnated wood thoroughly.
	Rafter marking. We attach the rafter legs to the frame (the lower part rests on the Mauerlat, the upper part on the run) and fix it with clamps to the temporarily stuffed bars. With the help of a square, we mark where you need to make a cutout for attaching the rafters.
	Rafter laying. According to the markup, we make cutouts using a hacksaw or reciprocating saw. We put the rafter legs in place, carefully aligning. If necessary, we correct the edges of the cutout with a carpenter's ax.
	Docking at the top. We cut the upper ends of the rafter legs so that they fit with a gap of no more than 1-2 mm. We fix the rafters on the run with metal corners. We connect both parts with a steel plate with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm.
	Bottom fastening. We fix the base of the rafter leg on the Mauerlat by drilling a diagonal hole and twisting a long self-tapping screw there. When installing rafters from wide board with a small thickness, you can also use metal corners made of steel with a thickness of 2 mm.
	Installation of the lower puffs. At the bottom of each roof truss we mount long transverse boards, each of which should connect the left rafter, the rack and the right rafter. We set the boards according to the level, fixing each with at least two self-tapping screws. To strengthen the fastening, you can tighten the parts with bolts. We cut the protruding edges of the puffs diagonally flush with the rafters,
	Installing top ties. We fasten the upper puffs in exactly the same sequence. They should be located exactly under the run.
	Trimming rafters. We cut the edges of the rafters, forming vertical and horizontal surfaces for mounting cornice strips. It is very important to trim all the slope rafters at the same level, therefore we carefully take all measurements before starting the operation.
	Butt decoration. On the vertical sections of the rafters we fill frontal board carefully aligning it. At the bottom of each rafter, we cut out a small sample, after which we put a narrow board with a thickness of 20 mm or more into it and fix it with self-tapping screws. This board will serve as the basis for installing drippers.

As I noted above, this is not the only design scheme. Other options for truss systems are also possible, but if you do not have experience, you should start mastering the technique with simple and proven algorithms.

Stage 3. Installation of the crate, waterproofing and roofing

So, the supporting structure of the gable roof is ready. Now we need to turn the frame into a full-fledged roof. This work is not so large-scale, but still time-consuming.

Main stages:

1. Installation of waterproofing. On the rafters we horizontally roll out the rolls of the waterproofing membrane, fixing it directly to the rafter legs with the help of galvanized brackets. We lay the waterproofing with an overlap (from 100 to 300 mm, the greater the slope angle, the less overlap). The joints of the panels must be glued.

In places where ventilation and chimneys, and also along the ridge we lay additional waterproofing.

1. Installation of the crate / counter-crate. Additionally, we fix waterproofing material, stuffing wooden bars with a section of at least 30x30 mm along the rafter legs. On top of these bars, we mount a crate for roofing material - slats, boards or plywood sheets. For fixing the crate, we use wood screws.

1. Thermal and vapor barrier of the roof. WITH inside lay between the rafters thermal insulation mats, which minimize energy loss through the ramps. If the price of mineral wool turns out to be unbearable, foam plastic can also be used - but in this case it is advisable to take care of additional ventilation. We cover the insulation with a vapor barrier membrane, and then fix it with transverse bars or sheathing made of plywood or chipboard.

1. Installation of the selected roofing material. We start work from the perimeter, installing eaves and end strips. Then we mount the roofing material on the slopes, trying not to damage the waterproofing during installation. We fix the roofing sheets to the crate.

1. Installation of additional elements. We install additional elements of the roof - a ridge strip that overlaps the junction of the slopes in the upper part, the strips adjoining the chimneys and ventilation, etc.

1. Installation of a drainage system. We fix fasteners for gutters to the frontal board or to the end parts of the rafters. We mount gutters along the slopes with a slope towards the receiving funnels. At the edges we put funnels, from which we lower the drainpipes down.

Conclusion

A gable roof is just the option from which you can start mastering roofing skills. After studying my instructions and the video in this article, you will receive the minimum knowledge necessary for work, and then it's a matter of practice. If you have any questions - ask them in the comments.

The design of a gable roof for private houses is chosen most often, as it is the best option for ease of installation and ease of use, for strength and reliability, as well as for style. A gable roof is also called a gable roof and has two slopes that can be located relative to each other at the same or different angles, that is, it can be an isosceles or scalene triangle. The latter option can be increasingly found among new buildings, as it is becoming a fashionable style solution. And, in addition to originality, such a roof has some positive features that simplify its operation.

This type of truss system can be used for all types of roofing materials, but the crate fixed to the rafters has its own parameters for each of the coatings.

Gable roof: the truss system under which has its own characteristics must be carefully studied and calculated ahead of time, before buying materials and carrying out its installation. Let's try to understand these issues.

Varieties of designs of gable roofs

First you need to figure out what designs of gable roofs are, as you will have to choose the most suitable for a particular building.

• Simple equilateral gable design

This version of the gable design can be called the traditional and most used, as it is easy to install and maintain, and is also durable and reliable.

Symmetry in this system helps to achieve uniform load on the Mauerlat and load-bearing walls. With the right choice of the cross-section of the beam for arranging the rafter system and the Mauerlat, these parts will provide the margin of safety necessary for long-term operation of the roof. Properly installed racks, struts and puffs will give additional reliability to the structure.

The disadvantage of this system for arranging rooms inside the attic space is that after installing the walls and ceiling, a large area is occupied by blind zones in the corner areas of the structure, which remain unused.

• Simple asymmetrical gable design

The asymmetric gable design differs from the traditional system in that its slopes are located at different angles. So, one of them is usually more than 45 degrees, which allows you to increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic space, in which it is quite possible to equip a living space, of course, with proper insulation.

Another important advantage of such a design can be a smaller slope, which is recommended to be planned on the leeward side of the building, where a large number of snow. Small in size, but with a large slope, the slope will not hold large snowdrifts on its surface.

The disadvantage of an asymmetric design is its more complex calculation to achieve an even distribution of the load on the walls of the house.

• Bent gable construction

This gable truss system can be called a rarity, although due to this arrangement of slopes in the attic space, enough a large room, which can be used as a residential or utility room.

In addition to such a truss system, a broken gable structure can also include attic option rafter installation.

Both slopes are "broken" - a clear gain in the usable area of ​​​​the attic

3 - Rack mounted on a bed.

4 - Rafter.

5 - Lathing.

The layered system differs from the hanging system in that it is installed on a structure that has internal capital partitions. Capital internal walls are used to fix a bed on them, on which racks are installed that support the ridge run, with which the upper ends of the rafter legs are fastened. Then the batten boards are fixed to the rafters.

This design is more popular than hanging, as it is reliable and easy to install.

fasteners for rafters

Hanging truss system

The scheme of the hanging truss system looks like the one shown in the illustration, and includes the following main elements:

1 - Bearing walls.

2 - Mauerlat.

3 - Rafter.

4 - Lathing.

5 - Puff (bolt).

The hanging rafter system is mounted on two external load-bearing walls, on which the Mauerlat is preliminarily fixed. This roof option can only be applied if the distance between bearing walls is no more than 7000 mm, since apart from them there is no additional support for the roof truss structure. Such a system is usually equipped with puffs, reinforced with slopes - these elements will remove part of the load from the walls of the building.

In addition to layered and hanging systems, there are combined options that include individual elements of both designs.

When the truss system is selected, it is recommended that before purchasing materials, draw up detailed drawing roofs with dimensions - it will be easier to calculate the amount of everything you need and the amount for their purchase. In addition, such a scheme will greatly help to carry out installation work. But in order to draw up a drawing, you will have to spend some

How to calculate the parameters of a gable truss system

Correctly calculate the parameters of the elements for installation work- very important. To do this, it is first recommended to make a list of everything you need and calculate step by step. All calculations should be made with a margin of 10 ÷ 15%, avoiding excessive savings, which will be at the expense of the quality and strength of the structure.

If you decide to do this part of the work yourself, you must definitely check with the technical documents developed by specialists, for example, posted in SNiP.

The main areas of calculation will be three interrelated quantities - the steepness of the slope, the height of the ridge above the ceiling and the length of the rafter legs. Further, having linear parameters, it will be necessary to determine the cross section of the material for the rafters. But it already, in turn, depends on the loads that fall on the rafter system.

Loads on the truss system

Loads on the truss system are divided into three categories:

• Constant loads. This category includes those that will constantly keep the truss system in tension - insulation, if provided, roofing, windproof, hydro- and vapor barrier film, fasteners, finishing materials for the interior of the attic. The weight of all the elements and materials required for the roofing "pie" is summed up, and on average, the optimal value should be 40-45 kg / m². It is advisable to calculate the materials in such a way that the weight of 1 m² does not exceed 50 kg/m², especially if a hanging rafter roof system is used.
• short term loads. Such loads occur periodically and can have different effects on the structure. These include the following impacts:

— people's weight repair work;

— climatic temperature effects;

— possible ice loads.

These external loads are highly dependent on the characteristics of the region of construction. In addition, their value directly depends on the steepness of the slopes. So, for example, on gentle slopes, the snow load will play a decisive role. With an increase in the steepness of the roof, the influence of snow pressure decreases, but the dependence on wind action increases. On slopes with a steepness of over 60 degrees, the snow load is completely written off, but the windage of the roof increases significantly, and the wind becomes the dominant external influence.

Data for calculations can be found in SNiP 2.01.07-85* “Loads and Impacts” in the sections “Snow Loads” and “ Wind loads". At the same time, it is necessary to take into account not only the region where the house is located, but also the place of its construction - a lowland or a hill, a separate building or surrounded by other buildings.

A convenient algorithm for calculating loads will be given below.

• Special loads. This category includes such factors as seismic effects, hurricane winds, deformation processes due to subsidence of the soil, which are usually called force majeure. It is impossible to foresee everything, and in order for the roof to withstand all these tests, it is recommended to lay an additional margin of safety when purchasing materials and installing the structure.

If the roof is to be installed on an old building, the bearing capacity of the foundation and walls must be calculated, as the new roof may have more weight than the old one. Only specialists can professionally carry out such calculations, but such calculations must be made without fail, otherwise you will have to not only change the roof, but also repair the entire building. At the same time, specialists will need to provide a roof project, in which all its parameters will be indicated.

The angle of inclination of the slopes of the truss system and the height of the ridge

The angle of the roof slopes is determined by the choice, since each of them requires a personal calculation. Often the manufacturer of a particular brand of coating himself gives the necessary recommendations, but if we talk about general requirements, for example, for our case - metal tiles, then for it the slope angle should be at least 20 degrees.

Increasing the angle of inclination will significantly expand the attic space, but the construction of such a roof will require more building materials and, of course, the cost of construction will increase significantly.

So, any gable truss system, whether symmetrical or not, can be represented as a triangle.

Its tops:

- dot "A"- this is the external point of intersection. Angle "A" is adjacent to this vertex, which determines the steepness of the roof slope.

- dot « b"- the top of the skate.

- dot "With"- crossing a plumb line from the ridge with an overlap or just the upper level of the wall.

Known initial value - « D" the length of the base of the triangle. For a symmetrical roof, this is half the span. For asymmetric options - it may be different, it is easy to determine.

"N"- the height of the ridge above the base (overlap);

« L"- the length of the rafter leg, which, if desired, can be increased by an amount "m" for the formation of a cornice overhang.

According to the well-known trigonometric relations:

H =D×tgA

Thus, it is possible either to determine the height of the ridge from the given value of angle A, or, conversely, by planning in advance a certain height of the attic space, to determine the slope of the slope.

All this makes it easy to make the calculator below. By changing the value of the angle " A" you can come to optimal value heights " H".

Building your own home is no easy task. Difficulties begin not when arranging the walls and not even when laying the foundation - the most difficult thing is to choose the optimal type of structure, design the building so that it is both functional and visually attractive enough.

One of the most visible elements of the building is the roof, so its design must be thought out in advance and in all details. When choosing a roof type, most developers forget about the existence of gable structures with asymmetrical slopes. This article will consider a gable roof with different slopes and its features.

Prerequisites for the appearance of asymmetric roofs

Throughout the existence of mankind, architecture has undergone significant changes. A huge number of the most diverse designs were invented, built and redone - and over and over again new, more sophisticated architectural solutions and ideas were found, which were implemented as far as possible, sometimes becoming unintentional masterpieces.

All this fully applies to roof structures. The roof of residential buildings has changed incredibly over the past millennia, having gone through a lot of historical eras and geographical features. IN different times this element of the building was used both for solving purely practical problems and for demonstrating the degree of freedom of flight of creative thought.

Over time, the fashion for sophisticated solutions began to pass - perhaps precisely because creative thought began to go against common sense and the functional purpose of the roof. The acquired knowledge and interesting developments have not gone anywhere, they just began to be used more rationally and wisely.

As for gable roofs, one of the solutions that proved to be quite profitable was the following:

• One of the roof slopes was located on the south side;
• The opposite slope was located at a different angle or increased in length;
• The loads on the roof were carefully calculated, as well as the internal areas of the building.

The introduction of such changes in the classical design of the roof made it possible to increase its efficiency and give it original look. An important factor is the ability to more competently distribute the free interior space in the building.

The development of gable roofs with different slopes

A roof with different lengths of slopes is far from a new invention. Of course, the exact dates and periods are unknown, but it can be assumed that the very first roofing options were already asymmetric - if only because the builders of those times simply did not have the knowledge and ability to make the structure even.

For measurements, a long stalk with a cord tied to its ends and a plumb bob was used. Rogatin was installed vertically so that the plumb line marked the center end wall future building. The edges of the cord stretched to the corners of the building. After determining the overhang, a board was nailed to the wall. As a result, a completely understandable design was obtained, displaying the boundaries of the future roofing structure.

There were no particular difficulties with the first slope, but the arrangement of the second one was associated with a number of problems. If round logs were used to build the house (and they often were), then leveling the walls to the same level was an almost insurmountable task, and attempts to make an even structure were also unsuccessful because of this.

For the accuracy of measurements, a water level was required - it made it possible to level the roof so that the ridge was located in the center, and the slopes were uniform. Architects and professional city builders had access to good tools, but in villages and villages it was necessary to build houses without accurate measurements, so the roof often turned out to be asymmetric.

However, unintentional asymmetry cannot be called a deliberate and time-tested development - it was achieved by chance and did not have any characteristic features. It is quite another matter - the conscious creations of experienced architects, who singled out the pitched roof as a separate architectural view. Most often, such structures were used in the arrangement of the houses of the rich and were necessary to demonstrate the wealth of their owners.

There were many methods for arranging roofs with different slopes. A common phenomenon was structures consisting of several separate buildings with own roofs. The slopes could turn in a variety of directions and differ in all respects. Of course, these designs were not similar to modern gable asymmetrical roofs, but some similarities simply cannot be overlooked.

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

The gable asymmetric roof has a lot of characteristic features. Of course, first of all, it is worth considering the visual characteristics - they are the most noticeable, and even from them you can understand whether such a roof should be used in own house. A building with an asymmetric roof against the background of classic gable structures will stand out brightly, so it remains only to decide on a simple question - do you like or dislike this design.

The next aspect, which is not so noticeable at first glance, but is closely related to the unique look of pitched roofs, is the ability to use the internal space of the building to the maximum. The traditional gable roof is not so convenient in this regard, since it creates a certain framework, beyond which it is not possible to go beyond.

A gable roof with short and long slopes allows you to combine the building with any extensions and combine them under one roof. If desired, under a pitched roof, you can install not only a residential building, but also a garage, a gazebo or a veranda. The most important thing is to depict the future design on paper in advance and correctly design all its elements.

As a rule, a gable roof with different slope angles is installed if the second floor of the building should have a smaller area than the first. Apart from more rational use area, this design allows you to unload the foundation and is great for mounting various equipment (for example, solar panels).

Following positive quality asymmetrical roofs - the ability to withstand various natural phenomena. If in the area where the construction of the building takes place, the wind is constantly blowing in one direction, then a gentle slope should be placed on the windy side, and on the opposite side there may well be a steep slope. In addition to wind resistance, this design is also well suited for snowy regions.

Another significant plus in the treasury of the advantages of multi-pitched roofs is that they are great for arranging a residential attic. The standard gable design lacks some advantages, in particular, the attic in it often does not look very comfortable. Of course, there are many ways to use such a space more fully, at least visually, but in most cases these are just half measures.

A roof with different angles of inclination makes it possible to expand the usable area of ​​the second floor without additional add-ons. The increase in area will not be actual, but visual - but it will be possible to use the vacated space more rationally than under two traditional slopes.

If we collect all the pros and cons of a gable roof with different slopes, we can come to the following conclusions:

• The asymmetric roof has unique visual characteristics, allows you to realize various design solutions and more rational use of the available space;
• The main problem is the complexity of arranging a roof with different slopes.

If the difficulties that will inevitably arise at the stage of designing and installing an asymmetric roof are not terrible, then such a design will become great solution and give the building a very interesting look.

Types of pitched roofs with short and long slopes

All designs of pitched roofs can be divided into several main categories:

1. Asymmetrical roofs. In this design, the slopes converge to the ridge and are located at the same slope. Asymmetry is achieved due to the fact that one slope has an increased length. The increase may not be very large - the roof will still look unusual, even if the elongated slope is not striking.
2. Partially broken roofs . The main difference between this type of roof and traditional gable solutions is that one slope has a broken shape, which allows you to cover the extension. The design of a pitched roof requires the same calculation as for any pitched roof.
3. Asymmetric roofs. This type of construction is considered to be the most original. The asymmetric roof is The best decision, allowing you to make the attic extremely comfortable, bright and spacious. Design feature such a scheme consists in changing the length and slope of one of the slopes.
4. Asymmetric off-center roofs. At first glance, such a roof does not differ from a standard gable roof, but upon closer examination, there is still a difference - the ridge line of the roof in this case is shifted relative to the center. This displacement naturally leads to a change in the length of the slope and the angle of inclination of the structure. Such roofs are very convenient to use, but their design and installation require maximum effort.

Standard designs of gable roofs with different angles of inclination

Building a roof with different slopes can have a lot of minor nuances, but there will be few basic parameters. For example, slopes in an asymmetric roof can have the same length, but be located at different angles, or vice versa - slopes installed at the same angle will have different lengths.

There are several standard design options that are worth considering in a little more detail:

1. The same length of slopes, different angle of inclination. One of the slopes in this design is located at a large angle. Such a roof allows, on the one hand, to equip nice terrace, and place utility rooms under a lower slope. It would be unprofitable to make the entire roof sloping - in this case, too much snow will accumulate on it. This option an asymmetric roof is quite simple and does not require much effort - in particular, there is no need to strengthen the foundation. True, there is still one drawback - you will have to thoroughly tinker with the design. A roof with the same slope of the slopes is much easier to design.
2. The same angle of inclination, different lengths of slopes. This design option is the exact opposite of the previous one. Increasing the length of one slope allows you to cover all the extensions located near the house, such as verandas and gazebos. In this case, there are no special requirements for the foundation either, because part of the load from the roof will fall on the extension. However, in the absence of extensions or other construction nuances, it is possible to increase the length of the slope located above the main building. In general, even such simple circuit has a lot of variability.
3. Different lengths and shapes of slopes. To optimize the loads on the truss system of the house, a pitched roof with different lengths and shapes of slopes is often used. The main feature of this design is the presence of a break, due to which part of the loads is eliminated. True, new loads arise at the fracture site, and they have to be compensated with additional struts - but this is quite a reasonable payment for balancing the forces acting on the roof.
4. Custom designs. Pitched roofs by default give the maximum degree of freedom in arrangement, so there is nothing surprising in the appearance of very interesting designs. For example, there is a scheme in which all efforts are aimed at creating interesting second floors. If you cut the corners of the building, you can reduce the degree of pressure on the foundation, and therefore save on construction.
5. Roof with offset ridge. It is most difficult to work with such structures, but with the correct implementation of all stages of arrangement, you will get perhaps the most interesting roof. The main difficulty lies in the accurate calculation of the loads on the truss system, especially when it comes to wooden houses- they sit down for some time, so you need to prevent the roof from skewing.

There are other drawings of a gable roof with different slopes, but the designs described above are most common.

Installation of a gable roof with different slopes

The device of an asymmetric roof, as can be concluded from all that has been said above, cannot be called simple. Even the most primitive roofs with different slopes are more difficult to arrange than traditional gable structures. If we talk about roofs with a displaced center, then the complexity of design and installation immediately increases by an order of magnitude. The main load in asymmetric roofs is not concentrated on the ridge, so the classic vertical supports in this case do not make sense.

However, the calculation process and the perception of such a complex structure can be simplified - it is enough to imagine the roof not in the form of an asymmetric scheme, but in the form of two triangles with different sides and angles. Of course, both triangles will be in complex interaction, so it’s impossible to simply calculate them separately from each other - but such a consideration of the roof structure greatly simplifies the process of arranging it.

One of the most important structural elements that allows you to fully equip an asymmetric roof is the Mauerlat, which takes on the entire load from the roof. Proper calculation and installation of the Mauerlat is already half the battle when it comes to a multi-pitched structure.

Calculation of a roof with different slopes

In order for the roof structure to be of high quality and reliable, it must be correctly calculated. For calculations, it is best to use the appropriate programs that will allow you to accurately calculate the loads on the Mauerlat and determine the location of the necessary supports. Self-calculation of these parameters is possible, but in this case the process will be too complicated - and arranging a roof with different slopes is already not simple.

If we describe the calculation of a roof with different slopes with several theses, then it will all look like this:

• The slope, which is long, has the greatest impact on the truss system and the wall of the house under it;
• To compensate for the loads from a long slope, it is worth installing one or more additional props;
• If the building is made of durable materials and installed on a sufficiently powerful foundation, then you can do without additional elements.

We can say this about the process of manually calculating an asymmetric roof - in the end it will come down to determining the parameters of two shed roofs, which are reduced to a single skate. Considering the factors described above, it is possible to design the structure quite accurately.

Distribution of loads on slopes

The design schemes described above are just the most popular types of roofs. There are many other, more sophisticated and complex forms, the implementation of which is available only to professional builders. However, you can always try, but the efficiency of the entire building will be at stake - the main purpose of arranging the roof is still to protect it from precipitation and frost.

In order for the roof structure to be reliable, a number of calculations are performed aimed at evenly distributing loads along the slopes. The roof must fully rest on all the walls of the building, otherwise wind and snow loads lead to distortions or even complete destruction of the roof structure.

In the domestic space, pitched roofs have not yet gained sufficient popularity, so it is difficult to unequivocally say something about their effectiveness and durability. Judging by the experience of foreign builders, asymmetric roofs are quite comparable with conventional gable structures, but only if the slopes, the rafter system and the loads on the building frame are correctly calculated.

And the last point - in the absence of confidence that a gable roof with different slopes will turn out to be of high quality, it is better to refuse its arrangement. Still self-assembly such structures is quite complex and requires relevant experience. Most professional builders with such experience simply refuse to work with asymmetric roofs, citing the difficulties that arise when installing such structures.

Conclusion

A gable roof with different slopes, despite its long history, not only has not become outdated, but has also become a very modern solution. A properly calculated and equipped roof can work as long as more traditional counterparts, while demonstrating increased efficiency in matters of heat conservation and rational use of free space.

Are you just about to build your house, and are looking for an unusual and energy-saving project? Then it's time for you to think about the pitched roof, which is also called asymmetric or asymmetrical. This differs from a conventional roof in that its two slopes have different lengths or angles of inclination.

Most often, a gable roof with different slopes is implemented when it is necessary to create a single complex from a house and an extension, although in Lately they began to forget about the classical canons of roof construction and about ordinary architectural tasks. Do you want to know why? This is interesting!

American architect Frank Lloyd once said: "Great architecture is evidence of the greatness of mankind." Indeed, the evolution of the roof from ancient times to the present time is amazing. What architects of different times did not do with the roof of a residential building!

And what forms they did not create. Although the architecture of the last century is especially surprising with its diversity, where in the pursuit of unusualness, originality and madness of ideas, simple residential buildings in projects and implementation turned into real space objects.

Sometimes the embodiment of the wild imagination of the designer did not have a single recognizable architectural element - there is no roof, walls in their classical sense, too ... And at the turn of the century, the fashion for such buildings began to decline sharply - rather because of the irrationality of the constructive solutions themselves.

But humanity has benefited from this a lot: for example, with a light heart, they moved away from the unchanged classics of roof construction, taking note of new rational ideas. As a result, they began to build really beautiful, albeit unusual, roofs of private houses. For example:

• placing one slope to the south;
• the second at a different angle, or longer, to the north;
• correctly calculating all the loads from wind and snow;
• wisely organizing the interior space of the house,

Such a builder achieves much more efficiency from his creation than if he built an ordinary two-storey house under a gable roof. Those. all the minuses were reclassified as pluses, and the originality remained at its best:

As modern architects have calculated, the arrangement of just one corner above 45 degrees significantly reduces the unused area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. And it's worth a lot.

You will be surprised, but in fact, the asymmetric roof is not so new. Even the ancient builders did not have in their arsenal modern computer programs and precise measuring instruments, as well as sufficient knowledge of stereometry. Therefore, they did not think for too long about how perfectly even the roof still needs to be made.

They used a long slingshot as the main measuring tool, and tied a cord and a plumb line to its ends. The slingshot was raised so that the plumb line pointed just to the middle of the end wall of the building. Next, the ends of the cord were stretched to the corners of the house. If necessary, the slingshot was raised higher or, conversely, lowered lower. As soon as the overhang was chosen, a special board was nailed to the wall of the house. A cord was attached to these harnesses. So it turned out a clear visual boundary of future roof slopes.

Difficulties arose just with the second slope of the roof. The fact is that it was difficult to place the second board at the same height as the first one, because for a long time in Russia houses were built from roundwood. It is almost impossible to distribute such walls in one plane to the horizon. Therefore, transferring the size of one board to the second was hopeless.

For more accurate measurements, a water level was already needed. Only with the help of this tool, the horizon of the future roof turns out to be relatively even, and the ridge is placed in the center. But in most cases, especially when the construction took place in a remote rural area, the locals were not spoiled with such tools, and therefore almost everything was done by eye. And yes, the slopes at the roofs were often really different.

What is even more interesting, a truly asymmetric pitched roof was also found in Ancient Rus' as a separate specific type of architecture. Basically, these could be seen in wooden houses and palaces that belonged to rich people. Then it was with the help of architecture that the importance of the wealth of the owners of such buildings was conveyed:

Therefore, local architects of that time were looking for all the ways to make the same tower differ from a simple hut. Here it was already customary to cover each log house with a separate roof, even if the buildings were built by a friend from a friend.

Each ramp was guided and wrapped in a special way, with the help of a variety of possible completions. Moreover, the log cabins themselves were built of different heights, from which the roofs were often noticeably uneven.

But we note that the often encountered razor-sloped roof, in which the slopes do not converge in one ridge from above, cannot be called a gable. It is rather two separate shed roofs, which are built separately and each according to its own rules.

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

What is so good about an asymmetric roof that for the sake of its benefits, many are ready to risk both the strength of the house and the durability of the roof over their own heads? Let's list them.

Uniqueness and design

The asymmetric roof always looks stylish in any terrain. In our country, after so many centuries of constant construction of towed gables, any such projects are already striking, surprising and leaving an indelible impression.

Moreover, if you want to create an absolutely unique house architecture, then the easiest way to realize your crazy idea is just with the help of such a solution as different slopes.

Profitable architecture

Note that working with an asymmetrical gable roof is more pleasant and interesting for any architect. After all, now he does not need to first draw the contours of the house - a typical rectangle, and only then fit there everything that he and his customer planned. Now there are no frames: first you design the interior space of the house, make it the way you want, and the shape that your fantasy suggested to you.

Now you place a garage, and a veranda, and any gazebo near the house, and you will not need to worry about building all this on more than one foundation and attaching different roofs. Now, when your project is ready on paper, you simply draw a roof on top so that it covers everything.

And many more valuable advantages:

Most often, an asymmetric roof is built when the second floor of the house is planned to be incomplete. For example, the area of ​​the first floor is 120 square meters, and the second - only 60. In this case, the roof closes only two or three rooms of the upper floor, and the rest of the space remains open.

Why is such construction good, and why is such a project attractive? First of all, the fact that there is already much less pressure on the foundation of such a house than that of a full-fledged two-story building. And at the same time, the foundation itself no longer needs to be built too wide, designed for extra square meters.

Often, an asymmetric roof is also used to install any necessary equipment such as solar panels.

Elemental resistance

A pitched roof is good because with the help of such a design problems with strong winds and snowfalls are solved. The fact is that if almost the same wind direction prevails in a certain area, then it makes sense to build a pitched roof so that it has a gentler slope on the windy side, and steeper on the quieter side.

This approach solves the problem of distributing the load from wind and snow at a time, while it is usually difficult to decide whether to make a gabled roof, thus getting rid of tons of snowflakes, or flat, so that it does not blow off in the first storm.

The real "salvation" for the attic

The fact is that a typical attic under an ordinary gable roof is the most losing and looks unpleasant, even psychologically pressing. It's all about the geometry of the interior: the incomprehensible dark space under the very ridge completely deprives the impression of the attic as a living space, and the sharp slope of the slopes and sharp corners certainly do not give comfort.

Of course, modern designers are enterprising and cunning, and have already learned how to use all these shortcomings for good, arranging wardrobes, and organizing such a space as something profitable and stylish. If you look at such a ready-made interior design of such an attic, the so-called “wow effect” immediately arises and it seems that living in such an attic is a real pleasure.

But in fact, all this is mostly beautiful - only in a glossy picture, but in real life such an attic, as it turns out, has too little usable area. Therefore, a gable roof with different slopes is a much more optimal solution. Especially the roof, which has a displaced ridge.

In this case, the geometry of the attic is no longer so unusual, and one of the walls may well be even vertical if you lose some half a meter of sharp space under this slope without regret:

Some architects even recommend building for attic houses asymmetrical roofs, namely, gable roofs with different slopes. So that the cornice would move forward and be a separate expressive architectural device. But, note, a gable roof with different slopes in 90% of cases is really built without an attic.

To make or not to make such a roof?

In fact, on the scales you have two aspects:

• On the first bowl: uniqueness, design and some functional advantages.
• On the second bowl: the complexity of the execution of such projects.

Therefore, decide for yourself what is more important for you: uniqueness or simplicity, and whether you are ready to make a detailed drawing for many long hours, calculate every little thing and risk, in fact, the whole building if you do not have enough experience. But in order to be proud of yourself and have extra comfortable space in the house. Let's just say: in this regard, modern developers are becoming bolder and bolder!

Types of structures of pitched roofs

Note that the classic gable roof is the simplest design solution. Let's highlight the main types of pitched roofs:

• Asymmetrical. In this roof, the slopes are connected in the ridge and are located at the same angle of inclination. But at the same time, one slope can be much longer than the other, due to which such a roof is perceived as original and unusual. And sometimes the difference between the slopes is not great, and in such a roof, even at first glance, asymmetry is not visible.
• Partially broken. Such a roof differs from the classic gable roof only in that one of its slopes has a break - to cover the extension, for example. But, despite the similarity of the design with the usual one, such a load calculation is performed differently.
• asymmetrical roof. This is the most original and unusual roof, just such a roof is built when they want the room on the second floor or in the attic to be spacious, more familiar and not have dark sharp corners. In this case, one slope has a different angle of inclination and length. There are many advantages to this design, believe me.
• Asymmetrical, off center. Such a roof has almost the same design as the standard one, but its ridge is now located in the center with some offset. The length of the slope and the angles of inclination of such a roof, of course, will already be different. As a result, this design is the most surprising, but at the same time has the most valuable advantages in terms of attic space, which does not have to be modest or uncomfortable.

For example, modern houses of the Solomon project are distinguished, first of all, by the fact that they have a gable roof with different slopes. And the very design of residential buildings of the Solomon type is good because here you can make your own changes, refine the design and architecture of the house.

Overview of the most successful projects and examples of construction

As you may have guessed, if you build a gable roof with different slopes, the architect does not have much choice: the slopes are the same, but at a different angle, the slopes are different in length, but at the same angle, their variations and the variant with an offset ridge. And each of these projects has its own advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss separately.

Different angle of inclination, but equal length of slopes

In this example, the slopes have the same length, but are located at different angles: one is higher, the other is lower. This was conceived in order to place a spacious terrace on one side of the house, and a small utility block on the other. If the entire roof were as shallow as one of its slopes, then the owners of the house would have problems with the accumulation of snow. But the hozblok usually does not require a high ceiling.

Note that this option is the most sparing for designing a pitched roof and it almost does not exert different pressure on the foundation. And here's how to build a gable roof with different angles of inclination of slopes of the same length:

The only disadvantage of this option is the design. Believe me, it is much easier to calculate the slopes that are at the same angle of inclination, and it is much easier to attach them to the ridge.

Different lengths of slopes, but one angle of inclination

In this embodiment, one of the slopes is slightly or significantly longer than the other. Like in this example:

Here one of the slopes is much longer than the other, thanks to which the roof covered not only the house, but nearby attached veranda. And at the same time, the long slope itself relies not only on the house, but also on the extension, due to which the balance in the load from the roof is maintained.

Here's another one good example the construction of such a roof, however, a longer slope here no longer covers the extension, but part of the house itself:

Another project:

But in this project, the roof of the house on one side has the same slopes, and on the other it is already different:

Slopes of various shapes and lengths

But this option is more rational in terms of evenly distributing the load on the walls of the house, because thanks to the break, there is no longer one bursting force of the truss system:

Please note that under refraction, such a roof has additional props. And keep in mind that any breaks are always the most problematic places on the roof.

The most unusual gable-sloping roofs

Such pitched roof projects no longer belong to those listed above due to their non-standard. But these are rare:

In this project, the whole point was to make a stylish and unusual room on the second floor instead of a typical corner attic. Interesting idea, don't you agree? Such cut floors exert half the pressure on the foundation, and therefore much less money needs to be spent on its construction (as well as on heating the whole house). And the foundation, as you know, costs at least 30% of the cost of building the entire house in the estimate.

And another project as an example, with one broken slope:

Gable roof with an offset in the center of the ridge

It’s already more difficult to deal with the skate, but everything is doable:

But it is especially necessary to carefully design the load from a displaced ridge on a timber structure. After all, the walls settle quite strongly in the first year, up to 15%, and therefore it is important to prevent the entire roof from skewing later:

How to build a gable roof with different slopes

So, as you already understood, a roof with different slopes is quite complex in its structure. Why is that? The fact is that such a roof rarely has a ridge in the center and, as a result, the slopes do not transfer the load evenly. That is why the architect, when working with such projects, has to carefully calculate the truss system, and with completely different formulas than usual.

So, for example, the central load will no longer come from the ridge itself, and therefore the subcortex will have to be placed a little to the side. But, at its core, the asymmetric gable roof still consists of two triangles - only this time they are not the same.

But this roof geometry also has your formula. Therefore, if you want to change something in one of the triangles, the changes will occur in the entire asymmetric roof. Keep in mind that when building such architectural delights, you will not be able to try everything on by eye. And even more so, then you will not make any changes.

So how do you still independently calculate and build an asymmetric gable roof? You will be helped by modern computer programs who are able to calculate the right pressure rafters on the power plates and exactly the location of the necessary central support. It will be difficult to calculate all this on your own, although it is possible.

So, if we are talking about a symmetrical roof, which simply has different lengths of slopes, then keep in mind that the slope that is longer puts more pressure on the entire rafter system and on the wall of the building. Due to the fact that it took more building material and more roofing. Usually for strong walls of the house this does not play a special role, but if you are building frame structure or block walls, create an additional support for such a slope, for example, almost at the very eaves.

Just remember that a roof with different slopes is calculated using different formulas. In fact, here you will need to make two whole calculations of two shed roofs, which are simply connected together with one ridge.

Distribution of loads on slopes

What we have listed is not the only option for building multi-pitched gable roofs. In fact, today architects no longer adhere to strict rules about such design and are more free to let their imaginations run wild. Why are they valued as professionals?

Our the main task so that your home is securely sheltered from precipitation and cold. And all this is achieved with the help of a well-thought-out design, and it does not have to be standard at all, like a hut or a teremok. Despite the fact that the pitched roof is a little far from the design of the classic gable roof, its truss system must also be carefully calculated.

Particular attention should be paid to the loads and their correct distribution on the walls of the building. After all, the most main mistake in private construction, when the roof is designed unusual, and even its ability to withstand wind and snow, home craftsmen calculate correctly, but the roofing is not included in the load.

What does it threaten? So far, there are not so many implemented projects with pitched roofs in our country, and therefore it is difficult to track what exactly happens to such houses in 20-30 years. There simply is no such experience. But we can assure you that there have already been cases in world practice when the load from the roof was calculated incorrectly, and as a result, the building simply collapsed over time, not to mention serious distortions. We don't want this, do we?

And this is work with drawings and computer calculations. After all, it is important to make sure that the new roof perfectly withstands any loads and is stable both during heavy snowfall and during winds.

If your architect is against

Note that today some architects are categorically opposed to the construction of a gable roof with different slopes. All due to the fact that for more than one century a gable roof in Russia was almost the only form. Today, for many professionals in their field, when it comes to the roof, symmetry is the defining element.

In the roof, they want to see unambiguous forms and clear lines that come together at the top. Note that such a smart classic gable roof is also perceived as more comfortable and more familiar, which is why customers themselves often refuse unconventional projects.

But for the more advanced architects of our time modern roofs These are, first of all, new technical solutions. They are designed to improve such indicators of private construction as reliability, durability and functionality. Therefore, today the priority in terms of roof construction is not tradition and ideal geometry, but saving building materials, originality, which is now so lacking, and the most efficient distribution of useful living space.