How to make glued laminated timber. Glued laminated timber manufacturing technology and its advantages How to glue timber from boards

The construction of a house from a bar is distinguished by low cost and technological general simplicity, as well as the minimum time for building a building. Such a house is distinguished by unique technological indicators and excellent durability, only such a beam can be made completely by yourself. A lumber made independently is even more profitable than a purchased one because there is not always a lumber of the required size on sale, and especially a small-sized lumber is far from always available on the construction markets, and self-made glued lumber will be better and more efficient. Such a bar will also surpass the usual one in mechanical, structural and other parameters, only here it is necessary to make correct connection bars. Here it is required to take into account the location of the annual rings themselves, that is, the lamellas must be glued together so that the location of the annual rings is multidirectional. You can make such bars of the following types: a bar of three lamellas glued on the side, a bar of two lamellas glued with the letter Z or glued with a rate between the bars.

For work, you will need clamps, a saw, the bars and boards themselves, universal wood glue and a solvent, which is required to degrease the material. The lumber itself must be healthy and dry, it is better to use larch or pine with a section of 100x100 mm, this must undergo natural drying. Now cut the blanks of the required length, for a regular blank, take three lamellas and connect them so that the pattern of the rings is multidirectional. Also, the parts that will be glued should be processed and a groove should be made there on one side for two boards and two grooves for the board located in the center. Treat mating surfaces sandpaper, now the surface should be dedusted and degreased, now treat the joints with fire protection and then dry the future beams. Now glue the bars themselves with glue, which there are many types on the construction market today, fix the glued bars with a clamp. Now, when the beams are glued, it dries itself at a certain humidity and temperature, then we plan the beam so that all the parts are clean and of the same size.

Such a beam can be used both for building a house and for making furniture, including countertops, cabinets and others. It is best to make beams with grooves, but for an ordinary simple part, you can glue the parts on a smooth surface and without a groove between the boards. If you are building a house from such glued beams, then it is better to use beams with a section of 100x150 mm, 150x150 mm, 150x200 mm and 200x200 mm. If your wall is external, then the cross section should be 150 mm or more, for internal walls use a 100x150 mm timber. Glulam itself is very effective and has excellent strength and durability, as long as the beams are of the exact size, and they do not have cracks. For such a house, a tape shallow foundation is quite suitable, on which a strapping is installed, that is, a frame of bars, on which the walls themselves will already be arranged. The process itself, in principle, is not complicated, but here it is better to turn to professionals if you do not have experience in this type of construction.

User comments:

19.04.2013 05:04

The offer is certainly good. Only " independent production bar" for some reason ends with the words "contact the professionals." And there will be no benefits from such work. Required a large number of clamps, it is necessary to observe the gluing technology, which is very difficult. It is almost impossible to provide the technology of wood drying at home. I'm not talking about the accuracy of the processing of grooves and protrusions. It needs industrial milling equipment, the acquisition of which for independent work"it's going to cost a pretty penny." Isn't it easier, after all, to buy what you need? If this company does not have what you need, then you can buy in another or place an order for the profile you need. Why reinvent the wheel?

Every year the range of lumber is only increasing, and the types of products for construction wooden house or a cottage are getting closer to the ideal. But what to do with simple non-profiled timber, which is gradually being replaced by its counterparts - glued and profiled timber. After all, use an inexpensive option edged timber much cheaper. Craftsmen solve this problem in their own way.

How to make a profiled beam with your own hands, saving money?

There are several options for manufacturing a profiled beam from a regular one, which allows you to save money and get more quality material for construction. All that is needed for this is a little patience and free time, as well as the ability to handle some tools.

Many people ask themselves questions: “Does it make sense to make a profiled beam with your own hands?”, “Maybe it’s easier to buy a ready-made one?”. Definitely a purchase finished material much easier. However, there are many reasons why the manufacture of profiled timber is especially relevant:

The profile must be of such a geometric shape that it is not blown through. And you do it only for yourself, which means that the profile will be made with high quality.
By making profiled timber yourself, you will save 3-5 thousand rubles from each cube of material. Of course, much more time will be spent.
Walls made of this material do not need additional finishing, since the insulation will be invisible.
The crowns can be made more precisely, and the connecting ones will fit as tightly as possible to each other.

What is the best profile?

When choosing a profile, it is better to calculate your skills and strengths. Make a profile on a bar on your own - it just seems a simple matter. It takes a lot of perseverance and time to carry out such a task more efficiently. When choosing a profile, it is worth stopping at the most simple designs. To implement them, you do not have to use many types of tools and do not have to do a lot of calculations.

Carefully read GOST 9330-76 "Basic connections of parts made of wood and wood materials”, it will allow you to calculate everything correctly. As a rule, two types of profile are made: profiling through a triangle or profiling through a rectangle.

It is important to understand that before you make a profile, you need to calculate its height, depth and width. Moreover, for each section of the beam, it has its own and helps GOST. Be that as it may, when building a house from this timber, a heater is laid between it (at least 5 cm thick).

How to make a profiled beam with your own hands: ways

Using a cutter.

Perhaps this is the easiest way. The milling cutter must be powerful, at least from 1.5 kilowatts and have a special nozzle. In the event that the profile is simple, then the radius of the cutter used will be 4-5 cm. If it is complex, then several types of cutters are produced. If desired, this tool can even make a D-shaped side of the timber. But here you still need an electric planer and a grinder.

It all depends on what kind of manufacturing accuracy you plan to get as a result. The very concept of "profiling" implies the purity and accuracy of the surface. The advantages of this option: if you use a sharp milling nozzle, then it is quite possible to do without subsequent grinding.

But this option also has disadvantages:

a milling machine is quite expensive (5-10 thousand rubles);
it is not always possible to buy the right nozzle, it may not exist for the milling machine that you have available.

Good for cutting straight grooves.

Using a circular saw.

A good way to make a connection on your own is to use improvised tools. For example, using a hand-held circular saw. Such a tool will cost you 3-5 thousand rubles (the price depends on the manufacturer). The main thing is that it can be sawn at the required angle and make a cut of 65 mm.

The advantages of this method:

the ability to control the accuracy of cutting in depth;
easy execution of a smooth and straight groove;

Flaws:

cleaning the groove with this tool will not work;
there may be insufficient depth of cut;
each time you need to reconfigure the depth of cut;
low speed at work.

It is best to resort to it for cutting a triangular groove.

In both versions, this is a painstaking and long work that requires preliminary measurements and accuracy.

Of course, you can successfully combine these tools with each other. For example, if you need to make a quarter with rounding, first cut with a saw, and then round with a router. Do not rush to throw away sawing waste, as they will be useful for joining the timber.

Angle connection of the beam.

It can also be made by hand. It is usually made in two types:

connection in a warm corner;
two-way or one-way simple connection.

All connections are made in accordance with GOST 30974 - 2002. As for the choice of cutting bowls, here you need to build on your own knowledge and skills.

Tools you will need: milling machine or a chainsaw with a special tool, marking templates, a pencil, an ax, a tape measure and a puncher. A puncher is used to drill holes for dowels.

Two way or one way connection

With a two-sided connection, the bowl is cut out from two sides, with a one-sided connection, the bowl is cut out from one side.

At the end of the beam, it is necessary to measure a distance in width equal to the width of the beam, and in depth - half the section. Making such a connection will not be difficult. Next, the bars are stacked on top of each other. Such a connection is often called "cold". This design requires an insulation pad of at least 5 cm.

Connection in a "warm corner"

It should be said right away that it is not easy to do it. This requires precision and special skills. But a warm corner is able to keep heat better and allows you to make the corners smoother.

There are several types of connections in a “warm corner” that you can do yourself: a connection with a root tenon, a key connection.

Make templates according to which the beam will be marked. For example, you can make it from wooden slats. Next, you need to attach a template and perform 3 saws with a chainsaw on required depth. Then the surplus is chipped off with an ax along the notch. Protect the finished groove. It is important that the cuts have a large size, namely, they are half the cross section of the source material. Thus, it compensates for them during the shrinkage of the house.

Tow tightly fit between the joints. It will be much more difficult to caulk a "warm corner" after laying. Connect the crowns using metal or wooden dowels. Made from leftovers wooden dowels. When drying the timber, the iron dowels will be visible, which will spoil the aesthetic appearance.

Wooden pins are made with a diameter of 20-30 mm, sharpening them on one side. If you make them earlier, they will dry out by the time of construction. You can also make square pins, which will be even easier to make. Moreover, it should have a diagonal larger diameter used drill by 4-6 mm. The length of the dowel should be equal to 1.5 times the thickness of the beam. When drilling holes, this dimension must be taken into account, but adding another 2 cm.

Do not drill near corner connections, since chips may form when driving in the dowels. Such holes must be located in increments of 1.5 m and at a distance of 250 mm from the end.

It will be difficult to make such a warm corner yourself, especially the first time. It requires skills and ability to work with timber. However, if you have time left, you can practice on a thick board or old material.

As you can see, it is possible to make a profiled beam with your own hands, but it is quite long and painstaking. If you have the patience and time, doing this work yourself can save you money. However, if you do not have sufficient skills, we recommend that you spare your strength and nerves by buying a ready-made timber with chopped bowls.

Glued laminated timber is a full-fledged successor to solid wood and retains all its advantages, and in terms of strength and durability, houses made of it are significantly superior to buildings made of traditional materials. At the same time, glued laminated timber is devoid of the disadvantages characteristic of massive solid logs and timber. Such advantages are due to the special technology of its production.

In Russia, the building material "number one" has always been a tree - it happened historically. And the point here is not only that "the more rich, the more happy." In the conditions of our northern climate, the unique properties of wood are especially appreciated: it is always warm and cozy in a wooden house, since wood has a high ability to accumulate heat and special energy. There are, of course, and it has its drawbacks, but modern building technology make it possible to overcome these shortcomings. The best proof of this is the glued beam that appeared in Finland about 30 years ago.

From the forest - along the pine ...

For the manufacture of glued laminated timber, softwood sawn timber (spruce, pine, larch and cedar) is used, which has undergone preliminary sorting based on the required design dimensions of structures and losses associated with the performance of certain technological operations (drying, mechanical processing). The choice of wood species affects the final cost of the product, therefore, in order to save money, it is not at all necessary to order a building from a bar glued from relatively expensive pine and larch lamellas: cheap spruce will do. The difference between these materials practically does not affect the thermal conductivity of glued laminated timber and its strength characteristics. A combination of lamellas is also used: internal - from pine, external - from cedar or larch.

Advice

There is a kind of glued laminated timber, for the manufacture of which three types of wood are used. It is worth noting that for external surfaces, the highest quality material in terms of aesthetic parameters with the most expressive texture is selected. Glued laminated timber is characterized by the so-called furniture quality of the surface, which does not require additional finishing. The walls of the house made of such material are already decoration of the interior and exterior of the building.

Glued constructions are not only wall material And load-bearing elements houses, but also window, door blocks, internal stairs, verandas - and many other products. As a material for modern window structures from glued beams, oak, beech and chestnut can also be used. I would like to draw attention to such a nuance - the use of exotic woods for the manufacture of windows is not always justified. So, for example, the subtropical meranti (“mahogany”), which has an unusual texture, is not suitable for our climatic conditions - its loose and soft wood may suffer during changes in winter and summer temperatures.
Log guillotine

The technology for the production of glued laminated timber includes several stages. Each of them uses special equipment that ensures maximum precision in wood processing.

First, the logs are sawn on band or disc sawmill equipment. The result is boards. required thickness- lamellas. Longitudinal "dissolution" of logs relieves the so-called "tension" of wood, formed by bonds between annual rings (if these bonds are preserved, then the tree can be deformed, twisted during shrinkage).

"Sushi bar" for timber

Next, the lamellas are sent to drying chamber, where they are processed in such modes that ensure uniform drying of the material along the entire length. Therefore, glued timber has a moisture content of no higher than 8-10%, and it is almost impossible to dry wood 10-15 cm thick (timber, log) without deformation. Such a percentage of humidity makes it possible to predict the shrinkage of a house built of glued laminated timber, and it is very small - 1 cm per 1 meter of the wall. That is, after assembling the house, there is no need to maintain a long pause before proceeding to the installation of doors and windows, due to which the turnkey execution time is significantly reduced: installation of structures on a finished foundation does not exceed 3–4 weeks.

Advice

By the complexity of the profile, you can immediately determine in which country the material was made. The products of many manufacturers are labeled in accordance with project documentation, fits into the original packaging and is stored until transportation in a warehouse where a certain temperature and humidity regime is maintained.

at the expense high temperature drying, which is 150-230 ° C (by the way, this technology is called "heat treatment"), there is a large weight loss (as a result of the evaporation of volatile compounds and water). Depending on the conditions of heat treatment and the type of wood, the residual moisture content of such wood is 40-60% less than that of conventionally dried wood. The heat treatment process usually takes about 24 hours. The heat capacity is significantly reduced: heat-treated wood heats up much more slowly than untreated wood. The surface of such material is not porous, but dense, which significantly reduces the ability of wood to absorb moisture from the air.

During the drying process, all pathogenic fungi and bacteria are destroyed, and wood sugars, which are a breeding ground for microorganisms that contribute to wood decay, are decomposed. As a result, the material approaches these indicators to larch.

gluing lesson

Dried lamellas are calibrated and pass through the defect sampling stage. In other words, a re-inspection of lumber is carried out with the identification of defects that affect the strength of the wood or the appearance of the finished product, after which all damaged areas are cut out. Then the lamellas are spliced along the length on the butt splicing line, and then the material is planed and polished from four sides on special equipment to obtain products of a precisely defined shape. This stage ensures, in particular, the smoothness of the surfaces on which gluing will subsequently be carried out, due to which the adhesion strength of the lamellas to each other increases.

Gluing takes place on special hydraulic presses using durable, environmentally friendly adhesive. The peculiarity of the technology lies in the fact that the direction of the annual rings of adjacent boards should be opposite, so that warpage is minimized and strength is maximized.

With the number of lamellas from two to five, glued laminated timber is obtained with a thickness of up to 200 mm; from five or more lamellas - up to 800mm.

The glue penetrates deep into the pores of the wood, which ensures a strong connection of the lamellas with each other. Especially good for residential premises is glued laminated timber, made with vapor-permeable glue, which does not create barriers inside the material for the passage of air and water vapor. A house made of such material "breathes" in the same way as a building made of solid wood.

Advice

During heat treatment, the wood changes color, acquiring a beautiful brown tint. It should be noted that the color change is through, which is clearly visible on the cut. Scratches on such a surface are almost invisible. By changing the heat treatment temperature, it is possible to achieve the desired shade of wood and the required degree of resistance to environmental conditions.

According to Nikolai Nikolaev, Deputy Director for Product and Technology at Vuokatti-Rus, the main component of such an adhesive (4.4"-methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate) is characterized by low volatility due to high molecular weight- 250 carbon units (for comparison: the weight of water is 18 carbon units). In addition, in the presence of water, this substance polymerizes rapidly and forms a completely chemically inert solid material. The phenomenon of toxicity lies in the ability chemical penetrate the body and enter into reactions, causing a violation of physiological functions. During polymerization, the substance loses its ability to evaporate (especially to enter into reactions). Accordingly, due to the chemical inertness of this adhesive, the environmental risks associated with its use are very low.

Beam in profile

Next technological steps are profiling (cutting the necessary longitudinal samples, grooves and ridges) and trimming the beam to size. The quality of the entire timber and, ultimately, the quality of the future home depends on the accuracy of the tongue-and-groove connection. The tight connection of the profiled parts guarantees the tightness of the structure (respectively, no need for caulking and minimizing the consumption of insulation), since the grooves and ridges along the length of the beam firmly fix its position in the wall, providing moisture resistance and thermal insulation. The heat-shielding properties of a wall made of glued laminated timber 180 mm thick coincide with the corresponding characteristics of a half-meter brickwork. Solid logs simply crack, which several times reduces the energy-saving properties of wood.

Due to the possibility of almost endless end splicing of the lamellas, laminated wood parts can be arbitrarily long. The length limit is related only to the dimensions. Vehicle in which the material is delivered to the consumer. For example, from a plant in Finland, glued timber is transported to Russia in euro trucks with a body length of 14m. This means that you can safely design buildings with floor lengths within this figure. This size allows you to cover large spans, freely planning the future premises.

The final stage in the production of glued wood is the manufacture of parts from it for a specific construction object - for example, wall beams with “cups” for crown locks, floor beams, rafter legs etc.

Finnish manufacturers as know-how offer their "locks" - docking nodes wooden structures Houses.

Doesn't burn on fire?

I would also like to add that final stage ready construction material carefully processed with a special composition, which is both an antiseptic and a fire retardant. Thus, glued laminated timber while maintaining natural properties wood receives such additional qualities as resistance to decay, insect damage and high fire resistance (according to studies, the material is close to metal structures in these indicators). By the way, the “fire hazard” of a tree today is an exclusively psychological category! Wood begins to break down only at a temperature of 300 ° C, which is usually reached after 80 minutes after the start of combustion. During combustion, a whitish charcoal-pyrolytic layer is formed on the surface, which protects the inner layers of wood, which remain undamaged by fire and retain their original temperature, so that in fact the wood is a refractory material.

Steel structures, on the contrary, almost do not burn out, however, in a fire, steel becomes soft and quickly loses its load-bearing capacity. The same applies to steel reinforcement that reinforces concrete structures. At temperatures up to 600°C, up to 20% of the bearing capacity is retained in steel structures. When interacting with fire steel structures become like spaghetti and begin to fall apart. These properties of steel and concrete are well known to specialists, but builders and just ordinary buyers are not too well versed in this topic.

In Japan, an experiment was conducted that confirmed the claims of glued laminated timber manufacturers about its unique fire resistance. The wall, assembled from glued beams with a section of 180x215 (h), with an area of 3x3 meters, was exposed to open fire for 45 minutes. As a result, the sample was damaged only 30% of the beam in depth and, accordingly, the wall retained its structural and bearing capacity.

Bargain price - bargain price?

Potential buyers are sometimes confused by the price of glued beams - such a house costs 40% more than a conventional log house ... However, due to the combination of the above advantages, glued beams are able to pay for themselves during the construction of a house and its subsequent operation. We are talking, first of all, about saving on external and interior decoration finished house and much better energy saving. Another point - glued beam houses, like all wooden ones, are much lighter than stone and brick ones, so they can be built on ready-made foundations. The relatively small weight of such buildings makes it possible to get by with shallow tape, bored foundations, pile foundations with grillage and monolithic slabs, which means significant savings in construction costs. In addition, the realities of our construction market are such that competition forces us to gradually reduce the cost of building buildings from glued beams. As a result, such houses are close in price to buildings made of brick, foam and aerated concrete. And this is despite the fact that the materials of walls and ceilings in wooden buildings are sometimes more expensive.

Thus, the manufacture of glued laminated timber is complex. technological process, the end product of which is an almost perfect (although, if you philosophize, what is perfect in this world?) building material. There are laboratories in production equipped with modern equipment for testing, which allows you to regularly monitor the strength of adhesive joints, material moisture, etc.

At the same time, glued laminated timber remains true natural material, creating a unique microclimate in the house, having a high aesthetic value and being absolutely safe from the point of view of ecology.

Text: Eduard Dominov
Consultants: "Vuokatti-Rus", Representative Office of TM Rovaniemi in St. Petersburg

Glued laminated timber belongs to modern species lumber. During construction wooden houses it acts as an alternative to rounded logs and. Sophisticated production technology leads to an increase in the cost of the material, but in return, buyers receive highest quality and excellent performance .

Glued timber is combined building material. Its basis is sawn boards, which are glued together with the help of adhesive compositions using a special technology. For manufacturing, lamellas are used, devoid of defects and knots.

Glued laminated timber is subjected to profiling - this allows you to create desired cutting geometry for fast and efficient erection of structures.

It is also devoid of the disadvantages inherent in natural wood, - combustibility, tendency to deformation and significant shrinkage. But thanks to the modern approach and the use of adhesive mixtures, the material acquires additional beneficial features – high strength, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability.

A house made of this material is durable, warm, comfortable, with a characteristic microclimate of natural wood. And it is possible to build it in the shortest possible time.

Which is better - ordinary timber or glued?

When choosing between a traditional profiled beam and a glued variety of lumber, one should dwell on the positive properties of the first.

The advantages of a profiled beam include the fact that it is solid solid wood. It is a completely natural building material with high environmental friendliness. It can be treated with solutions that prevent decay and fire, but they do not emit harmful fumes and odors.

Glued glued cannot boast of absolute security - its structure contains synthetic glue, which can provide Negative influence on health due to evaporation.

Another plus of profiled material - low cost compared to glued. The latter will cost about 30% more.

In addition, in the classic timber there is natural air exchange, which creates a special microclimate in the dwelling.

But profiled is inferior to glued size variability, moisture levels and shrinkage, the probability of deformation and partial loss of properties during operation. Often it requires finishing work to improve aesthetics and periodic caulking of cracks that occur.

Classification

In construction, several types of material are used, depending on the intended purpose and profile configuration.

Types of material according to appointment:

Window and door. It is made from at least 4 lamellas, it is used in the areas of installation of window and door openings.
Wall. The number of lamellas reaches 2-3, it is used for building walls in one-story houses and buildings with an attic.
reference. View with the highest bearing capacity. With its help, building frames, floor beams and load-bearing supports are constructed.

The parameters of the wall beam most in demand for construction are 100-160 * 180 and 180-270 * 260 mm.

The wall beam can be made with or without a heat-insulating layer.

Views by profile type:

comb– equipped fine teeth, cut on the sides of the product;
Finnish profile- forms a tongue-and-groove connection, its surface is almost flat;
german profile- has from 4 to 8 connecting grooves, forms the strongest module.

House kits from the manufacturer

A timber house kit is a building set consisting of several hundred elements intended for the construction of a building. Essentially this finished houses disassembled.

Important! Installation of a house kit made of glued laminated timber is carried out only on an established foundation.

All parts of the kit have strictly verified dimensions, made in accordance with architectural project. The elements are fitted to each other, which greatly simplifies and speeds up construction.

The assembly includes:

crown crown;
interfloor ceilings;
base under the roof;
truss system with crate;
pillars, logs, beams;
external and internal walls;
clean and rough floor.

The set includes assembly documentation with detailed diagram assembly. Each item must be numbered and packaged.

Production of glued beams

Production technologies were developed in Finland about 30 years ago.

Now modern glued lumber is mass-produced all over the world.

The received product is processed and completely ready for use.

Raw materials for manufacturing

Manufacturers prefer to use conifers trees due to their availability and low cost. Trunks go to work pines, spruces and larches, wood is used abroad cedar and fir. Due to the high cost of raw materials, oak and ash timber can only be made to order.

In the production of multilayer timber, they often combine natural materials. For the outer layers, spruce and pine are used - the structure of their wood is more uniform. Larch and cedar are used for internal inserts - they are characterized by high strength.

The raw material from northern wood is most valued - it has top class strength.

Types of glue

For the manufacture of glued beams, several types of glue are used. They differ in classes of water resistance, operation and environmental safety.

Melamine. Transparent glue, used in Russian and European production for the construction of large-span structures.
resorcinol. Dark composition with increased moisture resistance, they glue the outer parts of the beam for operation in conditions high humidity. This type of material is used by US manufacturers in shipbuilding, bridge construction and open structures.
EPI system. Transparent adhesive composition, used in low-rise construction in Japan and Russia.
polyurethane. Has a transparent structure, quickly hardens. Suitable for gluing window and door beams.

Quality standards

The production of glued beams does not require the preparation of a license. But the products must meet quality standards, confirmed by the relevant certificates.

State standards for glued beams:

GOST 20850-84 “Laminated wooden structures. General technical conditions”;
GOST 16588-91 “Sawn products and wooden details. Moisture determination methods”;
GOST 19414-90 “Massive laminated wood. General requirements";
GOST 25884-83 “Laminated wooden structures. Method for determining the strength of adhesive joints during layer-by-layer chipping”;
GOST 15613.4-78 “Laminated solid wood. Methods for determining the tensile strength of toothed adhesive joints in static bending”.

Manufacturing technology

Raw material preparation. The undried and uncut boards are sorted, sawn into blanks according to the specified parameters, cleaned of bark and sent to drying chambers. The final moisture content of the board should not exceed 8-12%.
Defect removal and calibration. Each board is processed on four-sided machines. This allows you to eliminate the remains of wane, knots, cracks and other defects.
Grinding. The lamellas are finished to ensure the geometric accuracy and tightness of the workpieces.
Gluing. The glue applicator applies glue to the surface of the wide side of the workpiece in an even layer. Then the lamellas are pressed into a solid beam under pressure from 15 kg/m2 for 30 minutes.
Profiling. On the sides of the beam, notches are made in the form of spikes, ridges, grooves in accordance with the planned configuration.
Treatment protective compounds . Finished goods impregnated with mixtures that prevent burning and decay of glued laminated timber.

Finished products are tested for quality and packed for shipment or storage.

Why DIY?

If you have the right tools, you can independently make a glued-type beam. This allows you to get material of non-standard dimensions, which are not found on sale.

Making your own will help adjust the layers of timber for strength, compliance, length, width, surface type. It can be used for finishing work, furniture restoration and other small jobs where the purchase of large quantities of glued beams is impractical.

note

Suitable for manufacturing ordinary boards or slats from a building supermarket.

For more thorough and precise processing, milling machines And grinding machines but at home you can do wood saw and planer. The surfaces to be glued are especially carefully treated - they are ground, dusted and degreased.

Gluing is carried out using ready-made glue, which can be bought at retail outlets. It is necessary to strictly follow the instructions for applying and drying the glue.

For fixing and compressing glued parts, use clamps. After drying, the finished timber is finally planed and polished.

What is Finnish glued timber?

TO Finnish types profile include sections with a complex configuration and insulation. The lower edge of such a bar is equipped with connecting spikes, and on the upper edge there are grooves corresponding to the spikes in size. The stepped groove located between the spikes is deeper in the middle, smaller along the edges.

Along the edges of the groove place sealing material, and placed in the center heat-insulating synthetic tape. From the sides, the groove is covered by beveled edges of the upper timber. This implementation makes it possible to high level thermal insulation, to avoid moisture ingress and blowing through the structure.

This type of insulation is laborious and expensive. Simplified and budget options suggest sealing only in the center or only on the sides. This also allows you to achieve good windproof performance.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

The demand for glued beams is growing every day. This is due to the numerous positive properties and virtues material:

The minimum percentage of shrinkage, which allows you not to wait for the shrinkage of the house, but immediately put it into operation.
Excellent thermal insulation properties, often not inferior.
Does not require finishing - the surface of the beam is even and smooth, has no cracks and defects.
The timber is not subject to burning, rotting, wormholes and fungal infections.
Keeps geometric proportions, does not deform and does not change shape.
Glued laminated timber is easy to install, which significantly reduces the process of building a building.
With proper installation, high moisture resistance and resistance to wind penetration are ensured.
It has no restrictions on length, and the thickness of the product can include up to ten lamellas.
The light weight of the products does not require the use of special construction equipment.

Flaws glued beam:

The high cost of lumber compared to round logs and profiled timber.
The need to maintain a certain level of humidity in the home in the absence of temperature changes.
Low breathability structures.
The need for additional thermal insulation during construction.

Some manufacturers use low-quality synthetic compounds for gluing, which significantly reduces the environmental friendliness of timber products.

Useful videos

Characteristics and features of the material, advice and recommendations of a specialist, see:

Look at all stages of glued laminated timber production - from sawing timber and drying blanks to cutting corner joints and coating with protective compounds:

In the video below - the advantages and disadvantages of houses made of glued laminated timber, assembly features:

Significant advantages of glued beams make it popular and effective building material for the construction of durable buildings. The high price pays off with a beautiful appearance of the building from the outside, a comfortable and cozy atmosphere inside.

Self-production of glued beams allows you to solve many problems in the house, from the repair or restoration of furniture, and ending with large construction or finishing work. It may be objected to me, why glue the timber yourself, if you can buy ready-made? I answer: glued laminated timber is not always needed in large volumes, especially for small jobs, it is not always possible to buy timber right size, usually sell timber in standard sizes.

In fact, it is almost impossible to buy a bar with the necessary parameters. For example, if you need a strong beam (like structural element), but at the same time, the outer surfaces of the timber must be soft (for example, they will be processed: wood carving, embossed finish, etc.). This article will help you learn how to make glued laminated timber yourself.

A few important notes

1. Properly made glued laminated lumber in its structural, mechanical and other parameters is superior to solid lumber made from the same wood and with the same dimensions.
2. Modern adhesive compositions for wood, if used correctly, they make it possible to obtain a glue line that is stronger than the tree itself. I somehow wanted to tear off the glued bar to the countertop. The matter ended with the fact that the bar itself split along the length, but in place adhesive bond not one iota behind.
3. In many cases (including at home in a city apartment), glued laminated timber can be made without the use of a special expensive tool, if purchased parts (floor slats, boards) are used for its production.

Before proceeding directly to the manufacturing technology of glued beams, let's consider some definitions.

The figure below shows the main parts of the glued beam and how they are connected. In fact, there are many more ways to connect, but the figure shows the easiest ones to make at home. An important condition for timber is the mutual arrangement of annual rings, the lamellas must be glued in such a way that their mutual arrangement in the manufactured timber is multidirectional for adjacent lamellas. In this case, the beam will be the least susceptible to warping.

Technology for the manufacture of glued laminated timber at home

Necessary tools (the list of tools, of course, depends on what kind of timber you want to make):

Hacksaw or two-handed saw
Clamps
Planing tool (planer, electric planer, circular saw)
Milling machine (circular saw with interchangeable cutters), desirable, but not required
Belt sander, desirable but not required
Paint brushes, hair brushes, synthetic
Marking tools (tape measure, steel meter ruler, square, etc.).

The photo shows a tool that you definitely cannot do without (a set of clamps).

Necessary materials:

Lumber (boards, beams, slats)
Wood glue or universal
Solvent 646 (acetone) - for degreasing.

The manufacturing technology of glued beams will be considered on the example of the production of glued beams for the manufacture of window frames at home.

source material requirements. The lumber used must be dry and sound. In this case, I used a pine and larch timber (100 by 100 mm), which was stored under a canopy, i.e. natural drying.

We cut blanks desired length, with an allowance of 5 cm on each side.

We select three blanks (lamellas) for the manufacture of one bar. What is important? Since at the first stage only those edges (sides) of the lamellas that are to be glued, in which the groove will be selected, are planed and jointed, it is necessary to predetermine the relative position of the lamellas in such a way that the pattern of annual rings is multidirectional. To connect the lamellas, I used a dowel connection. After sharpening the sides to be glued, we select a groove at the extreme lamellas on one side and two grooves at the middle lamella (on both sides). According to the dimensions of the grooves circular saw we make blanks for dowels.

After manufacturing all the details of the future block, for a preliminary assessment, fitting, we assemble the beam on a “dry” basis, without glue.

The preparation of the surfaces to be bonded is an important operation. Depending on the adhesive used, the order of preparatory steps may vary (see the instructions on the packaging of the adhesive). But the basic operations, as a rule, are still of the same type. Usually you need:

Treat the mating surfaces with sandpaper or, more conveniently, with a grinder.
Dust the surface with a brush or vacuum cleaner.
Degrease (I used thinner 646 and a brush), let dry.
Treat all manufactured parts (joints) with fire protection, twice with intermediate drying.

After performing these operations, you can start gluing the timber.

Gluing a bar is the most responsible process. Here it is especially important to choose the right glue. That is, depending on where (outdoors, indoors) under what conditions (humidity, temperature) the future product will be used, and also depending on the requirements for appearance glue joint (glue color), you must select the appropriate adhesive. Now there are practically no problems with the choice of glue on the market.

The bonding technology depends on the selected adhesive and is usually also indicated on the packaging. As you can see in the photo, the glue has yellow(the issue of color was not fundamental for me), the glue is intended for use in outdoor work, on wood, the pattern of annual rings on the beam is multidirectional. Defects and chips along the edges of the timber will be removed during the finishing of the timber. After gluing, I used clamps to compress and fix the parts to be glued.

Drying of the adhesive joint must be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the adhesive manufacturer. As a rule, the following conditions must be met:

Direct exposure to the sun and water should be avoided (I, for example, dried under a canopy)
The parts to be joined must be strongly pressed against the surface to be glued.
The drying time must be kept in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

I will mention one more non-standard (optional) operation. Taking into account the fact that glued laminated timber was created for the manufacture of window blocks, and the force effects during the performance of caulked work during the installation of window blocks are not small. I decided to additionally strengthen the construction of the beam by installing it on dowels. I used homemade dowels made of oak, with a diameter of 22 mm, using a hole for a conical wedge in the lower part of the dowel (the dowel gets into a thrust on the wedge when driving). First I drilled holes. Dowels and a conical wedge planted on glue. Hammered the dowels with a sledgehammer.

Final operations in the manufacture of glued beams

Having thoroughly dried the products, we finally process the glued laminated timber. In particular, we plan a bar. When planing, it is necessary to maintain the same dimensions for all the bars, the dimensions of the bar in cleanliness (in cross section) - 90 by 275 mm. Next, we process the glued timber from all sides with fire protection, twice.

The finished glued beam is shown in the photo below (end view and side view).

Comment

In order not to get hung up on the word BRUS, you need to add that this technology It is quite applicable in the manufacture of other parts. I, for example, for the manufacture of countertops for computer desk used purchased floorboard, from which he glued the shield.

Tip: When making small pieces (for furniture repair) or small structures ( hanging shelves, drawers) when making grooves or quarters is inconvenient, or you do not have such an opportunity, gluing is often done on a smooth fugue. In this case, for more reliable bonding and fixation, a set of center markers will help a lot. I advise you to buy. You can buy markers at construction stores, they cost a penny, but they help remarkably. Large markers, in the photo on the right, homemade, turned on lathe used for larger jobs.